Environmental Impact Assessment Report For Environmental ...

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

For Environmental Clearance Ligno- Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant

At

Gram Panchayat Baholi , Panipat Refinery Road ,

District Panipat, Haryana.

Category:-A, as per EIA notification dated 14/09/2006

[Schedule no. : 5(g) Distillery]

Technology Partner

PRAJ INDUSTRIES LIMITED, PUNE

Corporate Office :

'Praj Tower', 274 & 275, Bhumkar Chowk-Hinjewadi Road,

Hinjewadi, Pune-411057

Consultant appointed by Praj –

ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PVT.LTD.

Corporate Office:

ABC Tower 400, 13th Street,SIDCO Industrial Estate (North Phase),

Ambattur – 600 098, Chennai Land Mark: Near National Productivity Council.

Ph: 9566187777

Mumbai Office:

A-355, Balaji Bhavan, Plot No. 42 A, Sector 11, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai – 400614. Maharashtra, India, Tel: 022 27580044

www.abctechnolab.com [email protected]

http://www.abctechnolab.com/

mailto:[email protected]

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at

Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

Index

1.1 Applicability of EIA ..................................................................................................................................... 9

1.2 Environmental Settings: ............................................................................................................................. 9

1.3 Process Operations involved at the plant ................................................................................................... 9

The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations: .............................................................. 9

Biomass Storage ...................................................................................................................................... 9

Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing. ........................................................................ 9

1.6.3 Risk Reduction Measures ...................................................................................................................... 12

1.12 Economic Importance: ........................................................................................................................... 14

1.13Social Importance ................................................................................................................................... 14

STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE ........................................................................................ 16

CHAPTER 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 25

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 25

1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 25

1.2 Purpose of Project ............................................................................................................................. 25

1.3 Market Scenario ................................................................................................................................ 26

1.3.1 Global Ethanol Scenario: ......................................................................................................................... 26

1.3.2 Indian Ethanol Scenario:.......................................................................................................................... 26

Some of the key ethanol industry updates: ..................................................................................................... 28

1.3.3 Indian biomass (agricultural crop residues) availability .......................................................................... 28

1.3.4 Economic Importance: ............................................................................................................................ 29

1.3.5 Social Importance .................................................................................................................................... 29

1.3.6 Environmental Importance ..................................................................................................................... 30

1.4 Need of EIA .............................................................................................................................................. 30

1.5 Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................................. 30

1.6 Approach and Methodology .................................................................................................................... 31

1.7 Environmental Settings of the site ........................................................................................................... 32

1.8 Location of the Project ............................................................................................................................. 32

1.9 EIA Report Presentation .......................................................................................................................... 36

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CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 38

PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................... 38

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 38

2.2 Project Location ....................................................................................................................................... 38

2.3 Technical Details of the Plant ................................................................................................................... 41

2.4 Process Operations involved at the plant ................................................................................................. 42

The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations: ............................................................ 42

Biomass Storage .................................................................................................................................... 42

Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing. ...................................................................... 42

Table2.5: Basis of Design for considering 100 KLPD Plant .............................................................................. 44

Table 2.6 : Requirement of Inputs: ................................................................................................................. 44

STEAM CONSUMPTION ................................................................................................................ 44

TOTAL ELECTRICAL LOAD (ESTIMATED) ............................................................................. 44

2.7 Process Description .................................................................................................................................. 44

2.7.1 Material Handling, Milling & Wet Washing Section: ............................................................................... 44

2.7.2 Pre Treatment Section ............................................................................................................................ 45

2.7.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Co Fermentation Section: .............................................................................. 46

2.7.4 Co -fermentation Section: ....................................................................................................................... 46

2.7.5 Distillation Section: ................................................................................................................................. 47

2.7.6 Dehydration Section: ............................................................................................................................... 47

2.7.7 Solid -Liquid Separation ........................................................................................................................... 48

2.7.8 Thin Slop Evaporation ............................................................................................................................. 48

2.7.9 Process Condensate Polishing Unit ......................................................................................................... 48

2.10 Output ................................................................................................................................................... 48

2.10 Estimated Capital Investment ................................................................................................................ 49

CHAPTER 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 50

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................ 50

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 50

3.2 Scope of Baseline Study ........................................................................................................................... 50

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3.3 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................................................ 52

3.3.1 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................... 53

3.3.2 Relative Humidity .................................................................................................................................... 53

3.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure ............................................................................................................................. 53

3.3.4 Rainfall ..................................................................................................................................................... 53

3.4 Topography and Geology ......................................................................................................................... 54

3.4.1 Topography ............................................................................................................................................. 54

3.4.2 Geology ................................................................................................................................................... 54

3.5 Ambient Air Quality ................................................................................................................................. 55

3.5.1 Methodology for Monitoring and Analysis ............................................................................................. 55

3.5.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations .............................................................................................. 56

3.5.4 Status of Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................................................. 57

3.6 Water Environment ................................................................................................................................. 67

3.6.1 Ground Water Quality ............................................................................................................................. 67

3.7 Noise Environment .................................................................................................................................. 75

3.7.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring ...................................................................................................................... 75

3.7.2 Noise Levels in the Study Area ................................................................................................................ 75

3.8 Soil Environment ...................................................................................................................................... 76

3.8.1 Field Study, Sampling and Analysis ......................................................................................................... 76

3.8.2 Selection of Sampling Locations .............................................................................................................. 76

3.8.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 77

3.8.5 Observation ............................................................................................................................................. 78

3.9 Socio Economic Environment ................................................................................................................... 79

3.9.1 Demographic Aspects .............................................................................................................................. 80

3.9.2 Infrastructure Facilities ........................................................................................................................... 81

3.9.3 Traffic Analysis......................................................................................................................................... 82

3.10 Ecology .............................................................................................................................................. 84

3.10.1 Study Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 84

3.10.2 Terrestrial Ecology ................................................................................................................................. 84

3.10.3 Aquatic Ecology ..................................................................................................................................... 86

CHAPTER 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 95

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............... 95

Air Environment .................................................................................................................................... 96

Water Environment ............................................................................................................................... 96

Noise Environment ................................................................................................................................ 96

Soil/ Land Environment ......................................................................................................................... 96

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Biological Environment .......................................................................................................................... 96

Socioeconomic Environment ................................................................................................................. 96

Occupational health and Safety Environment ....................................................................................... 96

MITIGATION MEASURES: ............................................................................................................ 99

AIR ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ......................................................................... 100

MITIGATION MEASURES: ......................................................................................................... 100

TABLE 4.2: GENERAL COMPOSITION OF RICE HUSK, RICE STRAW AND INDIAN

COAL ................................................................................................................................................ 101


WATER ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ................................................................. 105

LAND ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) .................................................................... 107


4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) .................................................... 108


NOISE ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) .................................................................... 109


IMPACT FROM TRANSPORTATION OF RAW MATERIALS AND FINISHED PRODUCTS

.......................................................................................................................................................... 109

TABLE 4.6: TYPES OF VEHICLES, FREQUENCY ON NH- NEAR PROJECT SITE ......... 110

4.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) ....................................... 110

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ...................................................... 110

4.7 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) .............................. 111

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SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) .............................................. 111

4.8 IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX ....................................................................................... 112

TABLE 4.7: IMPACT MATRIX OF PROPOSED PROJECT .................................................. 113

CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................................... 117

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................ 117

5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 117

5.2 Site Justification ..................................................................................................................................... 117

a) Availability of Required Land...................................................................................................................... 117

b) Feed Stock source, availability. .................................................................................................................. 117

c) Site approach .............................................................................................................................................. 117

d) Topography / Nature of terrain ................................................................................................................. 117

e) Availability of water ................................................................................................................................... 118

f) Environmental Considerations .................................................................................................................... 118

5.3 Alternative for risk reduction in industry: ............................................................................................. 118

CHAPTER 6 .................................................................................................................................... 120

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ............................................................................... 120

6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 120

6.2. Monitoring Plan .................................................................................................................................... 121

Environmental Components that will be monitored : ................................................................................... 122

Meteorology ................................................................................................................................................... 122

Gaseous Emissions and Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................................. 122

Water and Waste Water Quality .................................................................................................................... 122

6.3. Sampling Schedule ................................................................................................................................ 122

Maintenance of Flora & Fauna ....................................................................................................................... 127

Waste Management ....................................................................................................................................... 127

Soil quality monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 127

6.4 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan: ......................................................................................... 127

CHAPTER 7 .................................................................................................................................... 128

ADDITIONAL STUDIES: RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

.......................................................................................................................................................... 128

7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 128

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7.2. Risk Assessment .................................................................................................................................... 128

7.2.1 Salient Feature of Risk Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 129

7.2.2 Identification of Risks ............................................................................................................................ 129

7.3. Fire and Explosion Index ....................................................................................................................... 132

7.3.1 Computations and Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Index ................................................................... 133

7.4. Consequence Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 134

7.5. Risk Mitigation Measures ...................................................................................................................... 134

7.5.1 Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency .................................................................................... 135

7.6. Methodology of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCA) ........................................................................ 135

7.7. Factors Influencing the Use of Physical Effect Models ........................................................................... 135

7.7.1 Models for the Calculation of Heat Load and Shock Waves ................................................................. 136

7.7.2 Ignition of a Gas Cloud ......................................................................................................................... 137

7.7.3 Burning Torch ........................................................................................................................................ 137

7.7.4 Injuries resulting from Flammable Liquids and Gases ........................................................................... 137

7.7.5 Damage Models for Heat Radiation ...................................................................................................... 137

7.7.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) ........................ 138

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY (OPERATION PHASE) .......................................... 138

7.8 Safety Equipment ................................................................................................................................. 139

7.9 Risk Reduction Measures ...................................................................................................................... 140

7.10 Disaster Management and Emergency Plan ......................................................................................... 140

7.11 Type of Disaster at IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) complex ...................................... 141

7.12 Level of accident ................................................................................................................................. 141

7.13 Critical Targets during Emergency ........................................................................................................ 142

Level - I Accidents ........................................................................................................................................... 142

Level - II Accidents .......................................................................................................................................... 142

7.14 Site Emergency Control Room (SECR) & Site main controller ............................................................... 142

7.15 Disaster Preventive Measures .............................................................................................................. 143

7.16 Fire Fighting Arrangements .................................................................................................................. 144

7.17 Location Type Of Fire Extinguishers- ................................................................................................... 145

7.18 Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 145

7.19 Alarm System to be followed during disaster ...................................................................................... 145

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CHAPTER 8 .................................................................................................................................... 151

PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................................................... 151

8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 151

8.1.1 Economic Importance: ........................................................................................................................ 151

8.1.2 Social Importance ............................................................................................................................... 151

8.1.3 Environmental Importance ................................................................................................................. 152

CHAPTER 9 .................................................................................................................................... 153

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................ 153

9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 153

9.2 Objectives of EMP .................................................................................................................................. 153

9.3 Environment Management Plan for Construction Phase ........................................................................ 153

9.4 Environment Management Plan For Operation Phase ..................................................................... 154

9.4.1 Air Pollution Management .............................................................................................................. 154

9.4.2 Noise pollution management .......................................................................................................... 156

9.4.3 Waste Water Treatment ................................................................................................................. 157

9.4.4 Land Environment/ Solid hazardous waste management ................................................................ 160

9.4.5 Greenbelt development .................................................................................................................. 161

9.4.6 Odor Management Plan .................................................................................................................. 165

9.4.7 Management of traffic .................................................................................................................... 165

9.4.8 Rain Water Harvesting .................................................................................................................... 165

9.4.9 Storm water collection and discharge system ................................................................................. 166

9.4.10 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) ........................................................................................ 166

9.4.11 Socio economic development ..................................................................................................... 168

9.4.12 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC) ................................................................................ 170

TABLE 9.8: EMP BUDGET ......................................................................................................... 171

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Introduction

Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) (Panipat) proposes to install a biomass based ethanol second

generation 100 KLPD capacity in its existing premises. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) has

selected Praj Industry Limited as Licensor and Consultant for 100 KLPD biomass based 2G Ethanol

plant. This will attract Environmental Clearance under EIA notification 2006. In this regard, M/s ABC

Techno Labs India Private Limited (ABC Techno Labs), NABET Accredited Environmental Consultant

Organization, has been engaged to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the

proposed project at IOCL Panipat.

1.1 Applicability of EIA

The proposed project-installation of 100 KLPD biomass (Non Food) based 2G Ethanol plant is falling

under Schedule 5(g)-Distilleries of EIA notification, 2006. Environment clearance would be obtained

by Ministry of Environment & Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) through Expert Appraisal

Committee (EAC).

1.2 Environmental Settings:

The project is influenced by study area is mostly plain terrain. Nearest highway, airport and city is NH

1 : 10 KM (approx.), Indira Gandhi International Airport-140 km (approx.), Panipat – 23

km(approx.)The detailed information is given in Chapter 1.

1.3 Process Operations involved at the plant

The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations:

I. BIOMASS PREPARATION SECTION:

Biomass Storage

Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing.

II. MAIN PROCESS PLANT:

Pre-treatment

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Co-Fermentation

Distillation

Dehydration

III. RESIDUE HANDLING SECTION:

Solid Liquid Separation

Evaporation

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Process Condensate Treatment Plant

IV. UTILITIES & AUXILIARIES:

Boiler

Water Treatment Plant

Chemical Storage

Cooling Tower

Air Compressor

Product Storage

Enzyme and ADY Storage

Electrical System from grid to individual consumer

Control System- DCS

V. OFF-SITE PACKAGES:

Fire Fighting System

Weigh Bridge

1.4 Description of Environment

1.4.1 Air Environment

To establish the baseline status of the ambient air quality in the study area, the air quality was

monitored at Eight (8) locations. The maximum and minimum values of Ambient Air Quality

monitored. Results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the region in

general is in conformity with respect to the norms of National Ambient Air Quality standards

(NAAQS) of CPCB, with present level of activities.

Observations

PM10: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 95.76 g/m3 and

77 g/m3 respectively.

PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 58.3 g/m3 and

47.7 g/m3 respectively.

SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 25.4g/m3 and 18

g/m3.

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NOx: The maximum and minimum NOx concentrations were recorded as 35.15 g/m3 and 26

g/m3.

1.4.2 Water Environment

Seven (7) groundwater samples and three (3) surface water samples within the study area were

considered for assessment. The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges

in between 7.4-8.6, TDS ranges from 257mg/l – 487 mg/l, total hardness ranges from 189 mg/l – 391

mg/l, nitrate content ranges from 3.5mg/l – 8.2 mg/l was observed.

The analysis of surface water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 7.4– 7.8, TDS is

172-235 mg/l, total hardness is 105-135mg/l.

1.4.3 Noise Environment

The noise level in residential areas during day time was in the range of 44.6 dB(A) Leq to 64 dB(A)

Leq. The day time noise level in the study area were within the CPCB limits.

1.4.4 Socio Environment

The study area is moderately populated with the total population of 1, 49,040 (as per 2011 Census).

Scheduled Caste (SC) population is about 24.26% of the total population. As per 2011 Census,

Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is not found in the study area. The sex ratio is about 858 females per

1000 males. The overall literacy rate is about 54.8%. Male literacy rate is 34.1% and female literacy

rate is 20.7%. The primary sources of drinking water are tube wells and water supply facilities.

1.5 Impact matrix assessment

Proposed project will not have any significant negative impacts on the environment. Appropriate

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) nullifies all high potential adverse impacts. Moreover,

implementation of EMP helps to convert negative impact into positive impacts. Thus proposed

project is certainly safe from the environmental point of view.

1.6 Risk Assessment:

1.6.1 The three main objectives of Risk Assessment are, Identify risks,

Quantify the impact of the potential threats and

Provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the

Safeguard

1.6.2Identification of Risks

For identification of risk due to proposed project, it requires in depth study of

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Raw material

Process Risk

Storages

Operations

Maintenance

Safety Fire protection

Effluent disposal

1.6.3 Risk Reduction Measures

The following opportunities will be considered as a potential means of reducing identified

risks during the detailed design phase:

Buildings and plant structures designed for cyclone and seismic events (where appropriate),

to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing for storage of

dangerous goods;

Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and critical process

water;

Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic and storage

and stacking locations;

Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to facilitate safe access

to fixed and mobile plant;

Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded areas as per

relevant standards;

Containment of hazardous materials;

Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of prohibited items,

and control of onsite traffic; and

Development of emergency response management systems commensurate with site specific

hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).

Surrounding population (includes all strata of society) should be made aware of the safety

precautions to be taken in the event of any mishap within the plant. This can effectively be

done by conducting the training programs.

Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line

Fire extinguishers should be tested periodically and should be always kept in operational

mode

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A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site so that in an emergency the

wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population caution.

Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies A detailed HAZOP

and Fault Tree Analysis should be carried out before commissioning of any new installation.

1.7 Environment monitoring Programme

It is important to monitoring environmental conditions during entire project cycle. Based on the

MOEF and CPCB guidelines, monitoring plan is been developed to assess ambient air quality, water,

effluent quality, emissions measurements, noise monitoring in project area periodically. IOCL facility

has already installed continuous monitoring systems.

1.8 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan

The costs involved in environmental monitoring and management to mitigate the adverse effects

will be put on account for the proposed project. The approximate cost for the EMP will be

Rs. 3507 lakhs.

The details of capital & operating expenditures for environment protection measures i.e EMP is

given in Chapter No. 9

It is an integrated cell to co-ordinate the project activities which are concerned with implementation

of environment control measures and management. Main aim of EMC is effective implementation of

environment management system.

Hierarchical of EMC

1.9 CSR activities during 2015-2016

Sanitation: construction of toilets in govt. Schools

Environmental sustainability : installation of solar panels in govt. Schools

Expansion of education : providing furniture in all govt. Schools of nearby villages

Healthcare : organizing medical camps in neighbouring villages

Youth employment : skill development programmes in nearby villages

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Science &innovation: setting up of library and science labs in govt. Schools of neighbouring

villages

To promote environmental sustainability, Installation of Solar panels at 4 Govt. schools of

Kahului, Sithana, Khora kheri and Barauli.

1.10 Rain water harvesting system

Proposed project will be provided rain water harvesting system inside factory premises.

1.11 Project benefits

Project benefit focused on those points which become beneficial to the surrounding area or

community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development, boosting employment and

other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed activities in form side benefits.

This project would be a pioneering effort and first plant of its kind in India to demonstrate techno

economic viability of producing bio-ethanol from agricultural crop residues. This technology gives

India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards protecting

environment. As mentioned earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020, a CO2

reduction of 3-4 % (over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12 million

tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.

1.12 Economic Importance:

The project will provide an opportunity to India to reduce its dependence on crude oil Imports. It will

also reduce the impact of crude oil price volatility seen quite often in international markets. It will

also help in reducing the subsidy burden of the Indian government since ethanol (produced locally

from agricultural residue) displaces petrol from imported crude. By 2020, India’s total gasoline

consumption is expected to touch 440 billion litres of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol

produced from lignocelluloses raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of

gasoline could be between US $ 8 billon -10 billion per year. Which are approximately 700 Crores

to 748 Crores Indian rupees.

1.13Social Importance

There is potential to create 18 million jobs and hence will significantly improve the future of Indian

farmers and biofuels business economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated

by selling agricultural crop residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and

sugarcane trash, etc.) and the rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value

chain will result in distributed economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be

consumed locally replacing fuel purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would

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have been spent in procuring the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be

injected into the local economy or country.

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Standard Terms Of Reference ‘5(g)’ Standard Terms Of Reference for Conducting Environment Impact Assessment Study For

Distilleries And Information to be included in EIA/EMP Report.

Sr.no. Terms of Reference Compliance

1. Executive Summary Attached with the EIA Report.

2. Introduction

Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET

accreditation

Refer chapter 11 Section 11.2 of the EIA Report.

Page no. 176

(i) Information about the project proponent. Refer section 1.1 of Executive Summary, Refer

chapter 1, EIA report., refer page no. 25

(ii) Importance and benefits of the project Refer chapter 1 section 1.3.4 to 1.3.6 Page no.

29 and chapter 8 of the EIA report. Page no.151

3. Project Description

(i) Cost of the project and time of completion Refer to chapter 2, table 2.9 to 2.10 of the EIA

report. Please refer Page no. 49

(ii) Products with capacities for the proposed project Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Details are

available in table 2.2 ,technical details of the

plant. Refer no. 41

(iii) If expansion project, details of existing products with

capacities and whether adequate land is available for

expansion, reference of earlier EC if any

IOCL Panipat, has adequate land, The

installation of new plant will take place in the

existing plant premises.

Capacity of New Plant: 100 KLPD Plant

(iv) List of raw materials required and their source along

with mode of transportation

Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report, Refer page

No. 41

(v) Other chemicals and materials required with

quantities and storage capacities

Refer to chapter 2, table 2.6 of the EIA report,

refer page no. 44

(vi) Details of Emission, effluent, hazardous waste

generation and their management

Refer to chapter 4, of the EIA report, refer page

no. 99

(vii) Requirement of water, power, with source of supply,

status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power

requirement (regular and contract)

Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Refer page

no. 41

(viii) Process description along with major equipment’s

and machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from

raw material to products to be provided

Refer to section 2.4,2.7 chapter 2 of the EIA

report. Refer page no. 42, 47

(ix) Hazard identification and details of proposed safety

systems

Refer to chapter 7 of the EIA report. Refer page.

128

(x) Expansion/ modernization proposals

a) Copy of all the Environmental Clearances including

Amendments there to obtained for the project

from MoEF & CC/SEIAA shall be attached as an

Not Applicable

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Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring

report of the regional office of the Ministry of

Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th

May, 2012 on the status of compliance of

conditions stipulated in all the existing

environmental clearances including Amendments

shall be provided. In addition, Status of compliance

of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing

operation of the project from SPCB shall be

attached with the EIA-EMP report

b) In case the existing project has not obtained

Environmental Clearance, reasons for not taking EC

under the provisions of the EIA notification 1994

and/or EIA notification 2006 shall be provided.

Copies of Consent to Establish/ no objection

certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units

operating prior to EIA notification 2006, CTE and

CTO of FY 2005-2006 obtained from the SPCB shall

be submitted. Further, compliance report to the

conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be

submitted.

Not Applicable

4. Site details

(i) Location of the project site covering village,

Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for

selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.

Refer to chapter 1, Section 1.8, Fig.1.3 and 1.5

of the EIA report. Refer page no. 33

Site Justification: Refer Chapter 5, of EIA report

please refer page no. 117

(ii) A topo-sheet of the study area of radius of 10 km and

site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on A3/A2

sheet.(including all eco-sensitive area and

environmentally sensitive places)

Refer Annexure I

(iii) Details w.r.t options analysis for selection of

site

Refer to chapter 2, chapter 5, page no. 38. &

page no. 117 respectively of EIA report

(iv) Co- ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site Refer to chapter 1, section 1.7 of the EIA

report. Page no. 32

(v) Google map-Earth downloaded of the project

site

Refer to chapter 1, section 1.8 of the EIA report.

Page no. 33

(vi) Layout maps indicating existing units as well as

proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area,

greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial

area/Estate/Complex, Layout of Industrial Area indicating

location of unit within the Industrial Area/Estate

Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Please refer

fig. 2.2 of the EIA report at page no. 40

(vii) Photographs of the proposed and existing (if

applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of

plantation/greenbelt, in particular

This is a new project , green belt will be

developed after execution of the plant.

33 % of green belt will be developed

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(viii) Land-use break-up of total land of the project site

(identified and acquired), government/private-

agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies,

settlements, etc shall be included.(not required for

industrial area)

Refer to Chapter 2, Table no. 2.2 of the EIA

report at page no. 41

(ix) A list of major industries with name and type within

study area (10 km) shall be incorporated. Land use

details of the study area

Refer to Chapter 3, section 3.9.2 There is no

major industry within 10 km area of IOCL

Panipat. Refer page no. 82

(x) Geological features and geo-hydrological status of the

study area shall be included

Refer to chapter 3, section 3.4.2 of the EIA

report. Page no. 54

(xi) Details of drainage of the project upto 5 km radius of

study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major

river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as

flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data

of the past 30 years. Details of flood level of the project

site and maximum flood level of the river shall be

provided.(mega green field projects)

Refer to chapter 3, section 3.4.2.1 of the EIA

report at page no. 54

(xii) Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not

complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected

time of complete possession of the land.

The project site is situated on the land owned

by IOCL Panipat

(xiii) R & R details in respect of land in line with state

Government policy

The project is proposed on IOCL Panipat owned

land.

5 Forest and Wildlife issues

(i)Permission and approval for the use of forest land

(forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the

State Forest Department. (if applicable)

Not Applicable

(ii)Landuse map based on High resolution satellite

imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the

forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more

than 40 ha)

Not Applicable

(iii)Status of Application submitted for obtaining the

stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be

submitted

Not Applicable

(iv)The projects to be located within 10 km of the

National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,

Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project

proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by

Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis

the project location and the recommendations or

comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon

Not Applicable

(v)Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the

Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for

conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the

study area

Not Applicable

(vi)Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Not Applicable

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Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing

Committee of the National Board for Wildlife

6. Environmental Status

(i) Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the

project site and site-specific micro-meteorological data

using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed

and direction and rainfall

Refer to chapter 3, section 3.3 of the EIA

report. Page no. 53

(ii) AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10,

PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to

the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations

shall be based on CPCB guidelines and taking into

account the pre-dominant wind direction, population

zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.

Refer to chapter 3, section 3.5 of the EIA report.

Page no. 55

(iii) Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all

stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM

Notification of Nov.2009 along with min.-max., average

and 98 % values for each of the AAQ parameters from

data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an

annexure to the EIA report.

Refer to chapter 3, section 3.5.4.1 of the EIA

report. Page no. 66. Also refer table 3.5 to 3.9

available on page no 58 to 65

(iv) Surface water quality of nearby River (100 upstream

and downstream of discharge point) and other surface

drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF & CC

guidelines.

Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.2 & table no. 3.14

of the EIA report. Page no. 72

(v) Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river

identified by the CPCB/MoEF & CC, if yes give details.

No, the site does not falls in any polluted stretch

of river.

(vi) Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations

shall be included.

Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.1 & table no. 3.11

of the EIA report page no. 67

(vii) Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the

study area

Refer chapter 3, section 3.7 of the EIA report.

Page no. 76

(viii) Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Refer chapter 3, section 3.8 of the EIA report

Page no. 76

(ix) Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency

of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional

traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.

Refer chapter 3, section 3.9.3 of the EIA report

Page no. 82

(x) Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and

aquatic) existing in study area shall be given with special

reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If

Schedule- I fauna are found within the study area, a

Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and

furnished.

Refer chapter 3, section 3.10 of the EIA report.

Page no. 84

(xi) Socio-economic status of the study area. Refer chapter 3,section 3.9 of the EIA report.

Page no. 79

7. Impact and Environment Management Plan

(i) Assessment of ground level concentration of

pollutants from the stack emissions based on site-

Refer chapter 4, Section 4.2.1 of the EIA report.

Page no. 102

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specific meteorological features. In case the project is

located on hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done

using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for

determining the potential impacts of the project on the

AAQ . Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions

(including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be

assessed. Details of the model used and the input data

used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality

contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the

location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive

receptors, if any.

(ii) Water quality modelling- in case of discharge in water

body.

Not Applicable, Waste water will be treated in

the ETP IOCL Panipat has proposed to

implement Zero Liquid Discharge Technology.

(iii) Impact of the transport of the raw material and end

products on the surrounding environment shall be

assessed and provided. In this regard, options for

transport of raw materials and finished products and

wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road

transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be

examined.

Refer Chapter 6 of the EIA report. Refer page

no. 120

There is no rail-cum road or conveyor-cum-rail

transport facility at IOCL Panipat

(iv) A note on treatment of wastewater from different

plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different

purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent.

Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet

the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules

Refer chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of the EIA report.

Page no. 157

(v) Details of stack emissions and action plan for control

of emission to meet standards

Stack height is provided as per CPCB guidelines.

(vi) Measures for fugitive emissions control. Refer to chapter 9 of the EIA report. Page no.

156

(vii) Details of hazardous waste generation and their

storage, utilization and management. Copies of MoU

regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in

cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include

the concept of waste-minimization,

recycle/reuse/recover techniques, energy conservation

and natural resource conservation

Refer to chapter 9, of the EIA report. Page no.

160

(viii) Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per

Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall

be provided.

Refer Chapter 9, of EIA report, Page no. 160-

161

(ix) Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33

% area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha.

Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning

schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be

around the project boundary and a scheme for greening


Page no. 161

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of roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.

(x) Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at

plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from

the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the

ground water and also to use for the various activities at

the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the

water requirement from other sources.


Page no. 165

(xi) Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for

environmental pollution control measures shall be

included.

Refer table no. 9.8 of the EIA report, page no.

171

(xii) Action plan for post-project environmental

monitoring shall be submitted

Refer to chapter 6, section 6.3, table: 6.1 of the

EIA report. Page no. 123

(xiii) Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made)

Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan

including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster

management plan should be linked with District Disaster

Management Plan.

Refer chapter 7, section 7.10 of the EIA report,

page no. 140

8. Occupational health

(i) Plan and fund allocations to ensure the occupational

health & safety of all contract and casual workers

Refer Chapter 7 section 7.7.6, of EIA report,

page no. 138

(ii) Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of

worker. If the workers health is being evaluated by pre

designed format, chest x-rays, Audiometry, Spirometry,

vision testing (far & near vision, colour vision and any

other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and

periodical examinations give the details of the same.

Details regarding last month analysed data of above

mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of

exposure and department wise.

Refer Chapter 7, section 7.2.2 of EIA report,

page no. 129

All workers are provided with suitable personal

protective equipment (PPE).

Regular safety and environmental awareness

programmes are being conducted to promote

awareness. IOCL Panipat is also taking up

periodic health check programmes for the

nearby villages is also being taken care

(iii) Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards.

What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether

they are within Permissible Exposure Level (PEL). If these

are not within PEL what measures the company has

adopted to keep them within PEL, what measures the

company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that

health of the workers can be preserved.

Refer Chapter 7, section 7.7.6 of EIA report,

page no. 138

All workers are provided with suitable personal

protective equipment (PPE).

The air & noise levels are regularly monitored

and they are within permissible limits (Refer

Chapter 3)

The workers working in high noise level

generating area shall undergo audiometric test

once in a six months.

Proper designing of building, work area, good

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ventilation, good exhaust system & air

circulation, relieving from thermal stress,

provision of relaxation facilities. Isolation to

specific areas, Rotation of workers/shifts to

avoid continuous exposure, Enforcement &

encouragement to use PPE is practiced

(iv) Annual report of health status of workers with special

reference to Occupational Health and Safety.

This is proposed new plant the heath check up

will be done after commissioning of project.

Occuational Health Survelliance is regular

exercise at IOCL Panipat. The health check ups

will carried out periodically and medical records

of all employees shall be maintained separately.

The medical check up will include Chest X-Ray,

Audiometry, Spirometry, Haemogram, ECG,

Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision

and any other ocular defect). Urine (Routine

and Microscopic), Complete Physical

examination, Fatigue, Backache, Muco Skeletal

disorders, (MSD), major & minor joint pains will

be examined and given appropriate

remedy/treatment.

9. Corporate Environment Policy

(i) Does the company have a well laid down

environment Policy approved by its Board of

Directors? If so, it may be detailed in EIA report.

IOCL Panipat is certified for Quality

Management Systems ( ISO 9001:2008)

(ii) Does the environmental policy prescribe for

standard operating process/procedures to bring into

focus any infringement/deviation /violation of the

environmental or forest norms/conditions? If so, it

may be detailed in the EIA.

Not applicable

(iii) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative

order of the company to deal with the

environmental issues and for ensuring compliance

with the Environmental Clearance conditions?

Details of this system may be given.

Health Safety Environment –IOCL ,Panipat

HSC Head – CGM

details are provided in chapter 9 , Page no. 158

(iv) Does the company have system of reporting of non

compliances/ violations of environmental norms to

the Board of Directors of the company and or/

shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting

mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report

Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.12 of the EIA

report. Page no. 170

10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as

sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labor

force during construction as well as to the casual workers

including truck drivers during Operation phase.

Proper infrastructure facilities will be provided.

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11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)

Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall

be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment

based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details

along with time bound action plan shall be included.

Socio-economic development activities need to be

elaborated upon.

Refer Chapter 9 , section 9.4.11 of EIA report.

Page no. 168

12. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any

direction/order passed by any court of law against the

project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has

the unit received any notice under Section 5 of

Environment (protection) Act, 1986 or relevant sections

of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and

compliance /ATR to the notice(s) and present status of

the case.

Nil

13. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of

above TOR.

Noted and complied

SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE :

1. List of existing distillery units in the study area along with

their capacity and sourcing of raw material

Refer Chapter 3.

2. Number of working days of the distillery unit.

Total 300 days in a year are working for the

biomass to ethanol plant

3. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, their

source with availability.

Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 and table 2.3 of EIA

report. Page no. 41 , 44

4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 of the EIA report.

Page no 44

5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed

spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard

Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.2 & table no. 3.14 .

&, section 3.6.1 & table no. 3.13 of the EIA

report Page no. 71 page no. 73

The spent wash lagoon and compost yard is not

applicable

Therefore, there are no chances of ground

water contamination.

6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of

alcohol produced

Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report.

Page no. 157

7. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses/grain

based distillery (spent wash, spent lees, condensate and

utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for

achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD).

Refer Chapter 9, figure 9.1, 9.2 and table 9.4 of

EIA report. Page no. 159

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8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption

within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production

Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 of EIA report

9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank,

material used, design consideration. No. of piezometers

to be proposed around spent wash holding tank

Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report.

Page no. 157

10. Action plan to control ground water pollution Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report,

page no. 158

11. Details of solid waste management including

management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of

incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal

Refer Chapter 4, table 4.5 of EIA report, Page

no.107

12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable).

Not Applicable

13. Action plan to control odour pollution Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.6 of EIA report.

Page no. 165

14. Arrangements for installation of continuous online

monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device)

Refer Chapter 9, Section 9.4.3, page no. 158

Continuous emission monitoring system shall be

installed in proposed facility

Additional TOR

1 Public consultation The EAC, after detailed deliberations, opined

that such projects of biofuel production need to

be encouraged for improving air quality in the

area. However, in case of proposals for

exemption from public hearing, the Committee

desired that in view of national importance of

such projects, the Ministry may take a view as

per the extant rules/regulations.

The Public hearing was conducted on

27.03.2019. The notice was published in “

Yugmarg “news papers on 23.02.2019. Refer

Annexure III and section 7.20 of EIA Report

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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1.1 Background

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) is India's largest Public Sector, GOI Undertaking and having largest

revenue generation and is one of the five Maharatna status companies of India, apart from Coal

India Limited, NTPC Limited, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation and Steel Authority of India Limited. It

is the highest ranked Indian company and the world's 168thlargest public corporation in the

prestigious Fortune 'Global 500' listing. It is also the 20thlargest petroleum company in the world.

Beginning in 1959 as Indian Oil Company Ltd., Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1964 with

the merger of Indian Refineries Ltd. (Estd. 1958). Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for 49%

petroleum products market share, 31% share in refining capacity and 67% downstream sector

pipelines capacity in India.

Panipat Refinery, a unit of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) operates a 15.0 Million Metric Tons

Per Annum (MMTPA) oil refinery at Panipat in Haryana. The refinery was commissioned in 1997-98

and started off with a crude oil processing capacity of 6.0 MMTPA (PR- Panipat Refinery). The

refinery capacity was raised to 12.0 MMTPA with the addition of another crude unit and a full

conversion hydrocracker as the secondary processing unit and Delayed Coker unit for bottom

processing (PREP- Panipat Refinery Expansion Project). Through progressive revamps and addition of

process units the refining capacity has been brought to the present operating capacity of 15.0

MMTPA (PRAEP- Panipat Refinery Additional Expansion Project). IOCL has recently applied for

obtaining of Environmental Clearance from MoEF &CC for expansion of its production capacities for

Naphtha Cracker Unit (NCU), Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and

Polypropylene (PP) Unit.

IOCL (Panipat) proposes to install a biomass based ethanol second generation 100 KLPD capacity in

its existing premises. This will attract Environmental Clearance under EIA notification 2006. In this

regard, M/s ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (ABC Techno Labs), NABET Accredited

Environmental Consultant Organization, has been engaged by M/Praj Industry Limited to carry out

Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the proposed project at IOCL Panipat.

(1.1 REF :IOCL Website)

1.2 Purpose of Project

IOCL Panipat proposes to install new 100 KLPD cellulosic non-food biomass (Agri waste) based

second generation advanced technology.

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1.3 Market Scenario

1.3.1 Global Ethanol Scenario:

In 2015, countries made commitments toward a more environmentally balanced future through the

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and now seek to expand policies for low-carbon

development after the agreement reached in Paris at COP-2. The year also marked a milestone in

the bio-economy, as the point in time when the production of Second-Generation Biofuels (2G)

finally took off at commercial scale. Historically, the United States of America (US) has had the

largest installed capacity for cellulosic ethanol production of deployed second-generation biofuel

facilities, followed by China, Canada, European Union (EU) and Brazil, respectively. Projects in these

countries vary significantly in their technological approaches and feed stocks used for fuel Ethanol

production, including the use of corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, Rice straw, wheat straw, cotton

stalk municipal solid waste, and forestry residues, etc. 50% growth in the second-generation biofuels

market has been forecast between 2014 - 2020 and its value in 2020 has been estimated to amount

to US$ 23.9 billion (Allied Market Research, 2014). Navigant Research (2014) forecasts that global

biofuel consumption in the road transportation sector will grow from more than 122.6 billion litres

per year in 2013 to more than 193.41 billion litres per year in 2022, which will increase demand for

advanced biofuels. In the last ten years, an increase in ethanol production capacity in the US and

Brazil, and biodiesel in Europe, has resulted in biofuels gaining an important position in the global

market for liquid.

Despite the extensive use of biomass as a source of energy production, some developing countries

still depend on oil imports to satisfy their energy demand, which makes them vulnerable to high and

volatile oil prices. Some countries, such as China, Brazil, Thailand and India, developed a strong first-

generation biofuel sector that led to a significant production capacity and infrastructure.

1.3.2 Indian Ethanol Scenario:

The Government of India (GOI) approved the National Policy on Biofuels on May 16, 2018. The policy

encourages use of renewable energy resources as alternate fuel to supplement transport fuels and

had proposed an indicative target to replace 20% of petroleum fuel consumption with biofuels by

end of 12th Five - Year Plan (2017). To ensure implementation of ethanol blending program ‘Cabinet

Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)’ recommended 5% mandatory blending of ethanol in

gasoline in Nov-2012.

At present, the estimated production of ethanol in the country is in the range of 2,500- 3,000 TKL

(Thousand Kilo Litres) which is primarily used for potable alcohol, chemical industries and ethanol

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blending. India’s ethanol production is mainly based on sugarcane molasses, which is limited. Any

improvement in ethanol production is directly proportional to increase in sugarcane production.

However, considering available infrastructure & irrigation resources, it is very difficult to increase

sugar cane production.

Figure 1.1: Pie Chart showing ethanol blending % in India

The Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have been directed to sell Ethanol Blended Petrol with

percentage of ethanol up to 10% and achieve a mandatory target of 5% overall Ethanol blending. So

far, the ethanol availability is restricted to fulfill the blending of about 2-3% only. To meet indicative

target of 20% ethanol blending by 2017 (as per National Policy on Biofuels, 2009), the required

quantity of ethanol is estimated to be approximately 5,500 TKL (CAGR @ 8.38%). Govt. of India has

also emphasized on achieving energy security of the country with a target of reducing import

dependence by 10% by the year 2022. The available surplus agricultural crop residues in India have

potential to achieve these targets.

Table 1.1 : Ethanol Demand & Supply Scenario in India

Particulars 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Petrol Sale

Projection

(8.38 % CAGR)

27,596 29,909 32,415 35,131 38,075 41,266

Ethanol Requirement

(@ 5% blending) 1,380 1,495 1,621 1,757 1,904 2,063

(@ 10% blending) 2,760 2,991 3,241 3,513 3,808 4,127

(@ 20% blending) 5,519 5,982 6,483 7,026 7,615 8,253

Table 1.2: Ethanol Blending Targets 2015-16

13% 0.35 bln litres

48%

1.3 bln litres

39%

1.05 bln litres

Industrial Alcohol Fuel Ethanol Beverage Alcohol

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Sr. No. Description Ethanol Quantity

(Billion Litres)

A GOI plan of 20% ethanol blending by 2022 (EBP) 8.25

B Present Ethanol generation with average

Molasses available in India (~ 12 MMT) 2.70

B1 Ethanol diverted to Potable sector 2015 / 16 1.05

B2 Ethanol diverted to Chemical sector 2015 / 16 0.35

B3 Ethanol available for blending 2015 / 16 1.30

C Additional Ethanol required to fulfil 20% blending

(A - B3) 6.95

Annual fuel ethanol demand (5% blend) In 2015 / 16 = ~1.3 billion liters

GOI plan of 20% ethanol blending (EBP) = ~ 8.25 billion liters

Total biomass available in India ~ 141 MMT

The surplus convertible biomass available in India ~ 30 MMT can meet the demand of 20%

EBP.

Some of the key ethanol industry updates:

Oil marketing companies includes ethanol made from non-food feedstock in latest ethanol

tender

CCEA fixes fuel ethanol price at 48.5 - 49.5/Liter (delivered at OMC depot)

Government removes excise duty on ethanol – net realization of producers to increase by

5/liter

Government of India is committed towards implementation of EBP and working to achieve

20% ethanol blending target by 2022.

Information related to approved VGF policy for ethanol industry needs to be added.

1.3.3 Indian biomass (agricultural crop residues) availability

The agricultural sector has long been the backbone of India's economy. It also presents a unique

opportunity to develop second generation ethanol industry due to availability of vast agricultural

residues. According to the various biomass assessment surveys the surplus crop residue availability

in India is in range of 50-60 million tons annually. According to these report, by 2020 the available

biomass residue could in theory be converted into between 10 billion and 15 billion liters of second

generation ethanol annually sufficient to meet 20% ethanol blending mandates in India.

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1.3.4 Economic Importance:





consumption is expected to touch 381 billion liters of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol

produced from lignocellulose raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of

gasoline could be between US$ 8 billon -10 billion per year.

1.3.5 Social Importance


bio economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated by selling agricultural crop

residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash, etc.) and the

rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value chain will result in distributed

economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be consumed locally replacing fuel

purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would have been spent in procuring

the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be injected into the local

economy or country.

This will have positive impact on the growth of India’s gross domestic product. Successful

implementation of this technology will create hundreds of thousands of direct and indirect jobs in

India in the entire value chain from collection of lingo cellulosic biomass to processing into bio-

ethanol in small and medium manufacturing plants and finally marketing and selling of ethanol to oil

marketing companies.

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Figure 1.2: Sustainability through 10% EBP – at a glance

1.3.6 Environmental Importance

This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility

towards the environment. As mention earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020,

a CO2 reduction of 3-4 %( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12

million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.

(1.3 REF: Market Research Study on Indian Businesses)

1.4 Need of EIA

As per EIA Notification S.O. No 1533 issued on 14th September, 2006 and its subsequent

amendments, the proposed project is falling under Schedule 5(g) – Distilleries. Hence, this project

requires Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) through Expert

Appraisal Committee (EAC). Accordingly, the EIA Report has been prepared

Based on the Standard Terms of Reference approved by Expert Appraisal Committee – Industry-2 on

5 April 2018, for installation of 100 KLPD biomass (Non Food) based 2G Ethanol plant.

1.5 Terms of Reference

The EIA report has been prepared as per Standard TOR approved by EAC.

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1.6 Approach and Methodology

The primary objective of the EIA study is to internalize and integrate the environmental concerns

/aspects and mitigation measures due to proposed set of new 100 KLPD 2G Ethanol plant.

The EIA study for new proposed plant at existing premises of IOCL Panipat has been carried out with

the following objectives:

1. Collection of baseline attributes in study area. The EIA covers baseline environmental data,

as per the guidelines of MoEF & CC. The scope includes collection of baseline data to identify

the various environmental parameters such as air, water, soil, noise levels, socio - economic

factors, land use factors, the status of the flora- fauna and wildlife in the adjoining areas of

the proposed project site.

2. Identification, prediction, evaluation & mitigation of biophysical, social & other relevant

effects of development on the environment during the operational phase of the proposed

plant as per applicable Indian laws.

3. Preparation of risk assessment & emergency preparedness / disaster management plan for

the project.

4. Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be adopted for mitigation of the

anticipated adverse impacts of the proposed expansion at plant during operational phase.

5. Delineation of the post project environmental quality monitoring program as per the

requirements of the regulatory authorities.

To carry out EIA study for the proposed expansion, reconnaissance survey was conducted by

field team of ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd. and sampling locations for various

environmental parameters were identified on the basis of:

6. Predominant wind direction expected during the period of baseline monitoring in the study

area

7. Topography,

8. Location of village/towns/sensitive areas

9. Identified pollution pockets, if any within the study area

10. Areas, which represent baseline conditions;

11. Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental attributes.

As per MoEF&CC guideline “Baseline data & Public hearing data can be used as per MoEF&CC, GOI

Circular No. J-11013/41/2006-IA-II (I) (Part), dated: 29th August, 2017”.

Thus, the environmental baseline data collected for preparation of Environmental Impact

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Assessment Report IOCL (Panipat) for obtaining Environmental Clearance from MOEF&CC during

01stDecember, 2016 to 28th February, 2017 will be used. However, the field study data was

revalidated by monitoring/surveying the project location from 14th May 2018 to 21st May 2018 to

determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes.

The proposed new 100 KLPD Biomass to ethanol plant in the Panipat location near the IOCL existing

refinery. Refinery may impact on the physical, chemical and biological attributes of surrounding

environment. In assessing the environmental impacts, collection, collation and interpretation of

baseline data is of prime importance. Environmental impact analysis and assessment is preferably

carried out at the planning stage itself.

1.7 Environmental Settings of the site

Table 1.3: Environmental Settings of the Project Site

S.no. Particulars Details

1. Latitude 29°28'55.89"N

2. Longitude 76°53'21.74"E

3. Site Elevation above MSL 242 m

4. Topography The project influenced study area is mostly

plain terrain .

5. Present land use at the site Industrial use (existing facilities are

decommissioned)

6. Nearest highway NH 1 : 10 KM (approx.)

7. Nearest railway station Panipat Railway station–23 km (approx.)

8. Nearest airport Indira Gandhi International Airport-140 km

(approx.)

9. Nearest town / city Panipat – 23 km(approx.)

10. Hills / valleys Nil in 5 Km radius

11. Archaeologically important

places Nil in 5 Km radius

12. National parks / Wildlife

Sanctuaries Nil in 5 Km radius

13. Reserved / Protected Forests Nil in 5 Km radius

14. Seismicity Seismic zone-IV

15. Defense Installations Nil in 5 Km radius

1.8 Location of the Project

The location of the project site at Panipat, Haryana.is shown in the satellite image below.

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Figure 1.3: Satellite image of Project site marked with study area 10 Km radius

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Figure 1.4: Location Map of the project site

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Figure 1.5: Satellite image of Project site

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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram

Panchayat Baholi, Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

1.9 EIA Report Presentation

The EIA report for installation of new 100 KLPD Biomass to ethanol plant near IOCL Panipat refinery,

District Panipat, Haryana State has been prepared as per Standard TOR approved by Expert Appraisal

Committee (EAC) on 5 April 2018. The EIA report has been presented in order to group the

environmental parameters under physical, biological, demographic & socio-economic environments,

anticipated impacts and mitigation measures. The EIA report has been prepared as contents given in

EIA Notification 2006 and subsequent amendments. The structure of EIA Report is as given below:

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter provides background information, brief location settings of the area. The terms of

reference for preparation of EIA/ EMP and structure of EIA report have also been described in this

chapter.

Chapter 2: Description of the Project

This chapter deals project details, project layout, design details, operating parameters, power

requirements, water requirement and sources of pollution and it management, cost of proposed

expansion, etc.

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment

This chapter presents existing environmental status of the 10 km radius study area around the

proposed project including topography, geological, drainage pattern, water environment, climate &

meteorology, ambient air quality, noise levels, flora & fauna, socio-economic, etc.

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

This chapter describes the anticipated impact on the environment and mitigation measures for

proposed project. Assessment of anticipated Environmental Impacts. It gives the details of the

impact on the baseline parameters, both during the construction and operational phases and

suggests the mitigation measures to be implemented by the Project.

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives

This chapter examines alternative means for the proposed project

Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Plan

This chapter describes Environmental Monitoring Plan for the proposed project during construction

and operation phases.

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Chapter 7: Additional Studies (Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan)

This chapter spelled out brief about hazard identification, risk analysis and disaster management

plan for an unlikely event of emergency at LPG Plant.

Chapter 8: Project Benefits

This chapter includes the benefits in terms of improvement in physical infrastructure, social

infrastructure, employment potential, etc.

Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

This chapter describes environmental management plan to mitigate adverse environmental impacts

and to strengthen beneficial impacts.

Chapter 10: summary and conclusion

Consultant ‘s disclosure

This section comprises the name of consultants engaged with their brief resume and nature of

consultancy rendered.

Required Documents (as Annexure)

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CHAPTER 2

Project Description

2.1 Introduction

The Government of India (GOI) approved the National Policy on Biofuels on May, 2018. The policy

encourages use of renewable energy resources as alternate fuel to supplement transport fuels and

had proposed an indicative target to replace 20% of petroleum fuel consumption with biofuels by

end of Year 2022. To ensure implementation of ethanol blending program ‘Cabinet Committee on

Economic Affairs (CCEA)’ recommended 5% mandatory blending of ethanol in gasoline in Nov-2012.





reduction of 3-4 %( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12 million

tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.

IOCL Panipat has proposed to install a new 100 KLPD capacity biomass (Non Food) based second

generation Ethanol production plant in the near IOCL Panipat Refinery at Panipat district, Haryana.

Below mentioned are salient features of the Plant.

Table 2.1: Salient features of new proposed 100 KLPD plant

Salient features of the proposed new 100 KLPD Pilot Plant:

1 The project will implement advanced second generation ethanol producing/manufacturing

techniques

2 Feedstock used are Agricultural residues like rice straw/wastes (Cellulosic, Non food

Biomass) and thus adapt recycle concept reducing GHG emissions

3 Indigenous technology

4 No increase in pollution load

5 No increase in use of resources

6 Plant will be installed near Panipat Refinery.

2.2 Project Location

The location of the project site of IOCL Panipat Refinery at Panipat district, Haryana. The satellite

image is shown below.The project is proposed at existing IOCL Land.

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Dismantling of existing tank related facilities will be done, however some basic facilities may be

utilized.

Figure2.1: Satellite Imagery of Project Site

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Figure 2.2: Plot Plan for new 100 KLPD Plant

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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at


The total area required for the project will be 34.66 acres. The breakup of the same is given in the

table below Table 2.2 Area Statement Table 2.2 Area Statement

2.3 Technical Details of the Plant

The proposed 100 KLPD capacity Plant will utilize agricultural crop residues (stubbles, straw, plants )

and other Ligno cellulosic feed stocks to produce Absolute Alcohol.

Table 2.3: Technical Details of the plant

Sr.

No

Description Feed Stock (Bagasse)

1 Product Details : Absolute Alcohol

(Maximum with 0.50% v/v moisture)

Maximum 100 KLPD

(Total Ethanol production capacity per year)

2 Feed Stock Details

Raw Material Requirement

Min. Cellulose

Min. Hemicellulose

Min. Lignin

Max. Moisture

426 TPD (on dry basis),

473 TPD (as is basis).

33 %

18.2 %

17.5%

10%

3 No of working / operation for plant 300 days per Year

5 Other By products CO2 ( 78 TPD ), methane, lignin etc.

6 Utilities Requirement

Steam:

48 TPD

S. No. Particulars Proposed

Land Area (Acres) Percentage

1 Feed stock, Process

Plant,storage and utility 15.95 46%

2 Building 1.5 4.33%

3 Roads & Parking area 6 17.31%

5 Green Belt Area (33 %) 11.21 33%

Total 34.66 100 %

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Power:

Fresh Water:

Manpower:

13000 KWH

125 m3/hr

Construction Phase - 22 months

First three month (1 to 3 M)- 25 persons/month

avg.

Next three month (4 to 9 M) – 500 persons/month

avg

Next three month (10 to 12 M)- 950 persons/month

Next three month (13 to 15 M)-1325

persons/month

Next three month (16 to 19) -955 persons/month

Next three month (20 to 22 M)-250 persons/Month

Next three month(23 to 24 M)-100 persons/Month

Operation Phase 35 shifts

2.4 Process Operations involved at the plant

The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations:

VI. BIOMASS PREPARATION SECTION:

Biomass Storage

Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing.

VII. MAIN PROCESS PLANT:

Pre-treatment

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Co-Fermentation

Distillation

Dehydration

VIII. RESIDUE HANDLING SECTION:

Solid Liquid Separation

Evaporation

Process Condensate Treatment Plant

IX. UTILITIES & AUXILIARIES:

Boiler

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Water Treatment Plant

Chemical Storage

Cooling Tower

Air Compressor

Product Storage

Enzyme and ADY Storage

Electrical System from grid to individual consumer

Control System- DCS

Utility Blow down treatment plant

X. OFF-SITE PACKAGES:

Fire Fighting System

Weigh Bridge

Figure2.3: Process scheme showing material inputs to product output

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Table2.5: Basis of Design for considering 100 KLPD Plant

Sr.No Particulars Rice Straw

1. Plant Capacity Maximum 100 KLPD

2. Feed stock Rice Straw

3. Requirement of Feedstock

426 TPD (on dry basis) 473 TPD (as is basis)

Table 2.6 : Requirement of Inputs:

Sr.No Particulars Capacity/Requirements

1. Feed stock (Non Food Biomass mainly rice straw and other Ligno cellulosic feed stocks)

426 MT/Day (Dry Basis) or 473 MT/Day (As is Basis)

2. Steam consumption 1152 MT/Day

3. Process, Soft water for Main Process Plant and Cooling tower make-up

The fresh water consumption – For Process plant – 250 – 300 m3/ day For Cooling tower make up- 1500 – 1700 m3/ day For Boiler – DM water make up – 500 to 600 m3/day

4. Additives Acids, Enzymes, Chemicals , Nutrients, Yeast (Active Dry Yeast/Distiller’s Yeast)

Acid I- 11 - 14 TPD Acid-II- 0.5 - 1 TPD Chemical 1- 18 - 22 TPD Chemical 2- 8 - 10 TPD Nutrients- 3 – 5 TPD Enzyme- 2.5 - 3 TPD Yeast- 0.03 TPD

4. Estimated Power Consumption(KW / day) 311520 Operating Load for 24 hrs

5. Total Electrical Load (Estimated) 389.5 MW per Day

2.7 Process Description

2.7.1 Material Handling, Milling & Wet Washing Section:

The purpose of this section is to outline the technical specifications for Feed Stock Handling System

for conveying the feed stock, de-stoning and screening, magnetic particle separation, intermediate

storage, necessary safety controls and instrumentation for automatic operation, weighing system,

vibratory screen system with rated capacity as per layout and parameters mentioned in these

specifications.

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The Feed Stock handling system shall be designed for all feed stock materials mentioned in technical

specifications and for the levels of moisture mentioned in the feed stock.

The complete installation will be outdoor type. All components in system, instrumentation, motors,

gearbox, etc. shall be suitable for outdoor installation and necessary local canopies will be provided

as per good engineering practices. A closed room will be provided for installation of M.C.C Panel

only.

From storage, raw material will be fed to the feed conveyor of Feed Stock handling system with the

help of front end loaders etc. for further processing of size reduction, stones separation, and

removal of foreign particles, intermediate storage and further conveying. A Permanent Magnet type

metal separator shall be installed to remove metallic foreign particles from the feed stock. A proper

access will be provided to the magnetic separator for easy removal of separated metallic particles.

The milling unit will be supplied to crush biomass up to desired particle size and integrated with

upward and downward conveying system including interconnecting chutes, bellows, hoods for Dust-

Extraction system; etc. will be included in the handling system.

The controlled flow rate from the silo shall be fed to the wet washing system for further processing.

Washing will be done at ambient conditions @ 3-3.5 % w/w solids. The wet biomass is further

squeezed to increase solid up to 25 - 27 % w/w with the help of aqua separator and screw press. The

wet washed, sized feed stock shall be conveyed from Wet Washing System to Pre-treatment section

with Belt Conveyor and washed water will be sent to clarification section for recycle. The clarified

water will be recycled back to washing section and clarifier bottom will be sent for further treatment

in Evaporation section.

The purpose of this section is to outline the technical specifications for Feed Stock Handling System

for conveying the feed stock, de-stoning and screening, magnetic particle separation, intermediate

storage, necessary safety controls and instrumentation for automatic operation, weighing system,

vibratory screen system with rated capacity as per layout and parameters mentioned in these

specifications.

2.7.2 Pre Treatment Section

In this section, mainly C5 hydrolysis is done (i.e. conversion of Xylan to Xylose) in a reactor, where a

slurry concentration of about 18%-20% is maintained. The mixed acid solution is continuously fed as

per the requirement. The slurry is treated at about 160 - 190 deg C and 10 - 12 bar pressure. The

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slurry from reactor is flashed in a Flash Vessel and then pumped to Enzymatic Hydrolysis section.

Water from the steam flashing shall be recycled back to process.

2.7.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Co Fermentation Section:

The pre-treated slurry is fed to the Pre-hydrolysis reactor. Reaction conditions maintained are pH in

the range of 5.0 to 5.5, temperature of about 50 to 55 deg C at atmospheric Pressure before Enzyme

addition. Enzyme shall be added to the reactor as per required dose. The reaction will continue in

the Pre-hydrolysis reactor for few hrs and then the contents are transferred to main Hydrolysis

reactor for further processing.

2.7.4 Co -fermentation Section:

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) type Activated Dry Yeast (ADY) will be mixed with water in

Yeast slurry preparation tank and fed to Pre-fermenter for further propagation.

The sugar rich slurry from Hydrolysis reactor is then cooled to 32 – 34°C and fed to the Fermenter.

Pre-fermenters are also provided for yeast propagation and different nutrients are added as per the

required dosages. The Pre-fermenter volume is transferred to Main fermenter for fermentation

process.

Once the desired alcohol is achieved, fermented wash is transferred from fermenter to beer well

and from beer well to distillation section.

CO2 evolved during fermentation shall be vented off at safe location through GMO filter.

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2.7.5 Distillation Section:

The fermented mash from the Co-fermentation section is distilled and dehydrated to get Fuel grade

ethanol.

“ECOFINE” Split Distillation consists of -

Stripping Section: This section consists of following distillation columns.

Degasifying Column: The primary function of Degasifying Column is to remove non-

condensable gases and low boiling impurities from the fermented mash. Preheated

Fermented mash is fed to Degasifying Column.

Split Mash Column: The primary function of Mash Column is to strip off ethanol from

Fermented mash. Split Mash Column helps in reduction of overall steam consumption in

Distillation Section.

Rectification Section: This section consists of following distillation columns.

Rectifier cum Exhaust Column: The primary function of this column is to concentrate the

ethanol. Ethanol is enriched at the top and is drawn out as hydrous ethanol and is fed to

Dehydration Plant for further concentration.

2.7.6 Dehydration Section:

The process drives the rectified feed through a system of mole sieve beds. To allow for mole sieve

bed regeneration in continuous operation, twin beds are provided of which one is in dehydration

mode while the other is in regenerating mode. Depending on feed and product specifications, the

dehydration-regeneration exchange takes place based on set time cycle. As the regeneration process

releases the adsorbed water together with ethanol content, it is recycled back to system for

reprocessing.

The feed is pumped to Vaporizer Tank. The overhead vapor of vaporizer Tank is superheated in

super heater to the required operating temperature and circulated to sieve bed 1 assumed in the

description to be in dehydration mode. After passing through the molsieve, the vapor is condensed.

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The regeneration operation forces the release of the moisture from the molsieve, making the sieve

bed 2 ready for the next cycle.

The condensed liquid is fed to simmering column to enhance the product quality by removal of low

boiling impurity from fuel grade ethanol. The Bottom of simmering column is taken as Fuel Grade

Ethanol and sent to storage after product cooler. The low boiling impurities removed from the top of

the simmering column and send to technical alcohol storage tank as a by-product.

2.7.7 Solid -Liquid Separation

The Spent Mash generated in distillation shall be pumped to solid liquid separation section. The solid

stream shall be used as a feed to boiler and the liquid stream (Thin Slop) shall be sent to evaporation

section.

2.7.8 Thin Slop Evaporation

The Thin Slop is further concentrated by water evaporation in evaporators to produce the

concentrated syrup which will be mixed with solid stream generated from solid liquid separation

before feed to boiler. Evaporation (water evaporated) process condensate will be partially recycled

back to process and remaining will be sent to polishing unit for further treatment.

2.7.9 Process Condensate Polishing Unit

The process condensate from evaporation plant will be treated through anaerobic followed by

aerobic biological process in addition to separation in condensate polishing unit. The treated process

condensate then will be sent OSBL (outside battery limit) for utility makeup. The sludge generated

out of biological process will be send as manure for agricultural field.

2.10 Output

On the basis of design inputs the following outputs are expected from the plant:

Table 2.8: Outputs expected from plants

Sr. No Output Products Quantity

1. Absolute Alcohol (AA) 100 KLPD Maximum (with 0.50% v/v moisture)

2.

Raw CO2 78TPD (It will be scrubbed with water and released to atm at

safe location)

3.

Lignin rich cake (40% w/w) 467 TPD (The lignin rich wet cake shall be used as fuel for

the boiler. It shall be mixed with the primary fuel and shall

be incinerated in the boiler to generate steam

4. Fusel Oils 0.2 TPD Fusel Oils (a mixture of higher alcohols) removed

from the system will be burn in Boiler.

5 Sludge from Process Condensate

Treatment Plant

4.5-8.5 TPD Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based

biological sludge. The sludge is generated from different

biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate

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coming from Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol Plant. The

collected sludge is subjected to dewatering action in

solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid

concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure.

6 Ash Ash generated (120- 130 TPD ) Ash from the boiler is

collected and conveyed into silo for the storage. This

ash will be transported to Cement or Brick

Manufacturing Unit by means of closed trucks . The ash

analysis is shared to Ultra Tech Cement, Shree Cement,

Ambuja Cement, Nirman Cement and under

discussion.The logistics will be planned to avoid any

stoppage of the plant.

7 Biogas Biogas generated (2400-3800 m3/day) in Process Biogas will

be burned in the boiler as a fuel

Table 2.9:Estimated Variable Cost of Production

Estimated Variable Cost of Production

Sr.

No

Component Cost in Rs. per

Lit of Ethanol

Total cost of

Production per day

in Rs.in Lacks

1 Utilities 11 - 13 11 - 13

2 Consumables

(Conversion cost)

15 - 18 15 - 18

3 Feedstock 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 8.5

4 Labour & Routine

Maintenance

3.5 – 4.5 3.5 – 4.5

Total Cost of Production 36 - 44 36 - 44

2.10 Estimated Capital Investment

Sr.

No

Particulars Amount In

INR (Cr)

1 Land, Site development, Infrastructural facilities,

Construction facilities, Roads, Non plant buildings, Civil

foundations, Plant buildings & structures

110 - 130

2 Design, engineering, consultancy, statutory fees,

travelling, conveyance, Project management,

Construction management etc.

40 - 50

3 Main Plant & Machinery including packing, taxes &

duties, transportation

375 - 425

4 Construction period expenses, start-up &

commissioning expenses

3 - 5

TOTAL 528 – 610

Time Line: The project will be completed constructed within 2-3 years.

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CHAPTER 3

Description of Environment

3.1 Introduction

Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted to determine the existing status of various

Environmental attributes viz., Climate and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydro

geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio-Economical environment, prior to setting up of the

proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of

the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed

project.

3.2 Scope of Baseline Study

An area, covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site is considered as the study area for the

purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio-Economic data

were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various

Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-Government and Public Sector

Organizations. Table 3.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating

environmental baseline and Table 3.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for various

environmental attributes.

The monitoring was carried out during 01stDecember, 2016 to 28th February, 2017. However, the

field study data was revalidated by monitoring/surveying the project location from 14th May 2018 to

21st May 2018 to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes.

Table 3.1: Environmental Attributes

S. N Attribute Parameter Source of Data

1 Climatology & Meteorology

Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature

Indian Meteorological Department and Site specific information

2 Water Quality

Physical and Chemical parameters

Monitored Data (Surface water – 2 locations and ground water - 7 locations)

3 Ambient Air Quality

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO & TVOC

Monitored Data (8 locations)

4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB (A) Monitored Data (8 locations)

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5 Ecology

Existing terrestrial flora and fauna within the study area

Field survey and Secondary sources

6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources

7 Soil Soil types and samples analyzed for physical and chemical parameters.

Analysis of soil samples at seven locations

8 Socio-economic

Aspects Socio-Economic characteristics of the affected area

Based on field survey and data collected from secondary sources

9 Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories

Secondary data

Table 3.2: Frequency and Monitoring Methodology

Attributes Sampling Measurement

Method Remarks

Network Frequency

A. Meteorology

Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature

Project site Continuous for 3 months

Weather monitor with data base

B. Air Environment

Particulate Matter (PM10)

Requisite locations in the project influence area

24 hourly-Twice a week for 3 months in Non- Monsoon season

Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

As per CPCB standards under 18th November 2009 Notification for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

Oxides of Sulphur (SO2)

EPA Modified West & Gaeke method

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Arsenite Modified Jacob & Hochheiser

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC)

-- EPA Method TO 17

Carbon Monoxide Gas Analyzer (NDIR)

C. Noise

Hourly equivalent noise levels

Requisite locations in the project

Once Instrument : Sound level meter

IS: 4954 1968

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influence area

D. Water

Parameters for water quality: pH, temp, turbidity, Total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, Electrical Conductivity, Ammonical nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen total phosphorus, BOD, COD, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids etc

Set of grab samples At requisite locations for ground and surface water

Once

Samples for water quality collected and analyzed as per IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association.

E. Land Environment

Parameter for soil quality: pH, texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium.etc

Requisite soil samples be collected as per BIS specification within project influence area

Once in season

Collected and analyzed as per soil analysis reference book, M.L.Jackson

F. Biological Environment

Terrestrial & Aquatic Flora and Fauna

Requisite locations in the project influence area

Once in season

Collected and analyzed as per IUCN Red Data book.

3.3 Climate and Meteorology

The climate of the area is characterized by a hot and dry summer from March to May, a south-west

monsoon or rainy season from June to September, a pleasant post-monsoon or retreating monsoon

from October to November and a cool winter from December to February.

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3.3.1 Temperature

The monthly maximum and minimum temperature recorded on-site during the aforesaid monitoring

period (1st December, 2016 – 28th February, 2017) varies between (32 to 1)°C and (16 to 6.2)°C

respectively with overall maximum and minimum temperatures being 37.3°C and 6.2°C respectively

It could be observed that, the pattern of data recorded on-site generally matches with the past data

of IMD.

3.3.2 Relative Humidity

The monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity recorded onsite during the said monitoring

period varied between (33-41)% and (76-69)% respectively, the overall minimum and maximum

being 33% & 76% respectively.

3.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure

The overall minimum and maximum atmospheric pressures recorded on-site during the said

monitoring period were 754.1 mm Hg and 760.3 mm Hg respectively. Such values compare well with

the past IMD data.

3.3.4 Rainfall

The average annual rainfall at Karnal, Haryana is 800 mm/year (As per IMD), 80% of which occurs

during monsoon months (June- September). Total 33mm rainfall was recorded during the

monitoring period.

Figure 3.1: Wind rose of the Project Site

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3.4 Topography and Geology

3.4.1 Topography

The study area forms part of Indo gangetic plain and lies in Yamuna Sub basin of the Ganges basin.

Physio-graphically, the area is characterized by two distinct features - vast upland plains and Yamuna

flood plains. The area is mainly drained by River Yamuna and its tributaries. Topography of the area

is almost flat with gentle slope in the northwest to southeast direction towards Yamuna River.

Panipat Main Drain originating in the north western side passes through the town towards Yamuna

in southeast direction.

3.4.2 Geology

The study area is occupied by geological formations of Quaternary Age comprising of recent alluvial

deposits belonging to the vast Gangetic alluvial plains. The district has two types of soils – tropical

arid brown and arid brown soils. The arid brown soils are found in major parts of the area whereas

tropical arid brown soils are found in north eastern part of the district.

Fig 3.2 : Depth of water level ( pre monsoon and post monsoon)

3.4.2.1Drainage Pattern:

Panipat district covers an area of 1268 sq. km. The District lies in the indo Gangetic plain area. It

slopes from north east to south west. But in eastern part slope is from north to south. The plain is a

flat area. Perennial River Yamuna makes eastern boundary of the district. The district possesses a

good network of canals emanating from Western Yamuna Canal. All the distributaries depend upon

this canal for water requirement.

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Fig 3.3 : Drainage map of the Panipat District

3.5 Ambient Air Quality

The sources of air pollution in the region are industrial emissions, vehicular traffic, dust arising from

unpaved village roads and domestic fuel burning. The prime objective of the baseline air quality

study was to establish the existing ambient air quality of the area. This will be useful for assessing

the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed project.

3.5.1 Methodology for Monitoring and Analysis

Envirotech APM 460 BL Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) and Sampler (Envirotech APM 550)/ Ecotech

(AAS 127) fine particulate matter were deployed for ambient air quality monitoring. The baseline

data of air environment is monitored for the below mentioned parameters:

Particulate Matter (PM2.5);

Particulate Matter (PM10);

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Sulphur dioxide (SO2);

Di oxides of Nitrogen (NO2);

Ozone (O3);

Lead (Pb);

Carbon Monoxide (CO);

Ammonia (NH3);

Benzene (C6H6);

Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP);

Arsenic (As);

Nickel (Ni)

3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

PM2.5 and PM10 have been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-

5182 part-II, 1969) have been adopted for estimation of SO2. Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182

part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NO2.

Samples for carbon monoxide were analyzed using NDIR techniques. The techniques adopted for

sampling and analysis are given in Table 3.3along with the minimum detection limits for each

parameter.

Table 3.3: Methodology adopted for Sampling and Analysis

S.No. Parameter Technique Detectable Limit (µg / m3)

1 Particulate Matter (PM10) Gravimetric [EPA -40 (CFR Part 50)] 2.0

2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Gravimetric [EPA -40 (CFR Part 50)] 2.0

3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Improved West and Gaeke 5.0

4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Modified Jacob & Hochheiser 5.0

5 Carbon Monoxide (CO) NDIR [IS 13270 : 1992] 0.1

6 Ammonia (NH3) Nesslers Method (APHA) 20

7 Ozone (O3) KI Absorption Method 5.0

8 Lead (Pb) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.1

9 Arsenic (As) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.001

10 Nickel (Ni) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.001

11 Benzene (C6H6) Adsorption & Desorption followed by GC [IS 5182 (Part 11) : 2006]

0.01

12 Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) Solvent Extraction followed by GC Analysis [IS 5282 (Part 12) : 1991]

0.00

3.5.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Eight stations were for ambient air quality monitoring based as per guidelines of CPCB. Ambient air

quality monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.4 and Figure 3.2.

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3.5.4 Status of Ambient Air Quality

The status of ambient air quality monitored at the 8 locations during the study period is tabulated in

Table 3.5

Table 3.4: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Figure 3.4:Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

S. No. Sampling Location Code

& Name Direction

Dist. (Km) from

project site Latitude Longitude

1. A1 Project Site NE 0.00 29°29'50.38"N 76°56'53.59"E

2 A2 Bholi SE 6.11 29°25'51.98"N 76°55'8.83"E

3 A3 Rajapur E 4.40 29°28'31.32"N 76°55'13.65"E

4 A4 Gudha NW 2.3 29°27'22.77"N 76°51'4.01"E

5 A5 Assankalan S 7.0 29°24'35.69"N 76°52'38.32"E

6 A6 Untala SSW 9.17 29°23'33.19"N 76°50'58.60"E

7 A7 Kutana NNE 3.10 29°29'37.64"N 76°53'39.18"E

8 A8 Sherah WSW 6.41 29°26'24.99"N 76°49'7.65"E

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Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality (Dec. 2016 to Feb. 2017)

Code Location PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NO2

Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per


AQ1 Project

Site 47.7 58.3 53.01 57.6 77 95.76 85.49 95.6 18 25.48 20.9 24.59 26 35.15 31.3 35.07

AQ2 Baholi 20 42 30.25 41 40 72 58.31 72 12 23 15.9 22 24 44 33.2 43

AQ3 Rajapur 49 57 53 55 23 42 30.44 41 9 23 15.6 22 15 38 31.4 37.5

AQ4 Gudha 19 37 29.33 35.75 47 69 57.81 69 9 19 14.8 19 17 36 30.9 36

AQ5 Assankalan 32 48 34.62 46.5 52 79 63.42 79 17 25 20.5 24.5 27 39 33.1 38.5

AQ6 Untala 34.1 48.98 41.16 48.98 55 79 66.38 79 18 33 27.1 32.5 29 40 34.1 39.5

AQ7 Kutana 23 42 30.19 41 45 69 57.45 68.5 8 21 15.5 21 22 37 31.6 37

AQ8 Shera 22.1 31.05 26 31.05 49 69 57.77 69 9 18 14.8 18 9 28 21.8 27

CPCB / MOEF Standards

Industrial / Residential / Rural

and Other Area 60 100 80 80

of 180



Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality

Code Location CO O3 NH3 MHC

Min Max Avg 98 per

Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per

AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 18 36.25 24.41 33.62 1.1 83.19 72.89 82.59 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1

AQ2 Bholi 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.06 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1

AQ3 Rajapur 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.05 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ4 Gudha 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.06 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ5 Assankalan 1 2.1 1.41 2 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ6 Untala 1.1 2.1 1.47 2 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ7 Kutana 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.02 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ8 Shera 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4


Industrial / Residential / Rural and Other Area

4 80 400

of 180




Code Location NMHC Benzene Bap As


Min Max Avg 98 per

AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 1.8 3.25 2.41 3.62 .1 0.19 0.8 0.89 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1

AQ2 Bholi 0.1 5 2.16 4.25 2.1 3.6 2.58 3.35 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ3 Rajapur <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ4 Gudha <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ5 Assankalan <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.4 0.9 0.68 0.9 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ6 Untala <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ7 Kutana <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ8 Shera <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0



5 1 6

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Code Location Ni Pb


AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 0.15 0.20 0.18 0.19

AQ2 Bholi <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ3 Rajapur <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ4 Gudha <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ5 Assankalan <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ6 Untala <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ7 Kutana <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ8 Shera <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1


20 0.5

of 180



Table 3.9: Ambient Air quality Result (May 2018)

Code Location PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NO2


Min Max Avg 98 per

Min Max Avg 98 per

AQ1 Project Site

49.8 57 55.2 58.3 78 94 86.1 93.2 15 23.6 19.8 24.59 24.5 32.6 29.6 33.5

AQ2 Baholi 23 45 32.6 43.3 42 73 60.2 74 10 21.9 14.9 20.2 22.3 42.6 31.9 40.3

AQ3 Rajapur 51 59 55.8 58.2 25.1 44 33.6 44.5 8 20.9 12.3 20.3 13.6 35.6 29.8 35.6

AQ4 Gudha 21 39 32.6 34.2 50.3 70.2 59.3 70.1 8.3 15.7 13.6 18.2 15.6 35.8 29.5 35.8

AQ5 Assankalan 36 51 36.1 48.3 54.1 80.1 64.6 80.1 16.2 22.9 19.3 22.3 25.8 38.9 32.2 35.1

AQ6 Untala 37 52.3 44.9 49.2 56 80.3 68.3 81.2 14.3 30.1 25.2 31.3 27.2 36.7 32.1 37.2

AQ7 Kutana 36 48 33.7 44 47.5 71.5 59.3 70.2 7.9 19.8 13.2 19.5 19.5 34.5 30.5 34.2

AQ8 Shera 24 33 29.3 33.6 51.1 72.6 59.3 71.2 8.5 17.9 13.6 16.3 7.9 27.5 19.8 25.4


Industrial / Residential / Rural

and Other Area 60 100 80 80

of 180



Code Location CO O3 NH3 MHC

Min Max Avg 98 per


AQ1 Project Site 0.62 1.0 0.5 1.12 17 35.21 22.40 32.60 1.3 81.1 71.5 82.59 0.4 2.87 1.7 3.3

AQ2 Bholi 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.09 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1

AQ3 Rajapur 0.62 1.0 0.7 1.04 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ4 Gudha 0.75 1.0 0.6 1.07 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ5 Assankalan 0.9 2.0 1.42 1.9 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ6 Untala 1.0 2.0 1.45 2.1 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ7 Kutana 0.5 1.0 0.89 1.05 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

AQ8 Shera 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4



4 80 400

of 180



Code Location NMHC Benzene Bap As


Min Max Avg 98 per

AQ1 Project Site 0.6 1.12 0.96 1.15 1.78 3.24 2.40 3.66 .1 0.20 0.8 0.83 0.41 3.13 1.65 3.14

AQ2 Bholi 0.1 5 2.16 4.25 2.1 3.6 2.58 3.35 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ3 Rajapur <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ4 Gudha <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ5 Assankalan <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.4 0.9 0.68 0.9 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ6 Untala <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ7 Kutana <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

AQ8 Shera <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0



5 1 6

of 180



Code Location Ni Pb


AQ1 Project Site 0.69 1.12 0.94 1.13 0.14 0.22 0.15 0.15

AQ2 Bholi <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ3 Rajapur <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ4 Gudha <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ5 Assankalan <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ6 Untala <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ7 Kutana <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AQ8 Shera <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1


20 0.5

of 180



3.5.4.1 Ambient Air Quality as per CAAQMS

IOCL Panipat unit has its own Environmental management cell that looks after Health, Safety and

Environment Department under its technical services department, which consists of well-qualified

and experienced technical personnel from the relevant fields, will be in place to look after

environment mitigation measures during the construction and operation phase.

The staff monthly monitors the various locations in the IOCL plant premises, they have set up

continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations in the company. They have set up 5 air

monitoring locations in the industry, 1 air monitoring location in the township and 2 air monitoring

locations near Panipat city.

Figure 3.5: Location of AAQ Station within Plant

Table 3.10: Air Quality Within the plant

S. No. Pollutants Unit

Time

Weighted

Average

NAAQ

Standards Dec’16 Jan’17 Feb’17

1 SO2 µg/m3 24 hrs. 80 25.48 23.71 23.57

2 NO2 µg/m3 24 hrs. 80 35.15 32.55 34.76

3 PM 10 µg/m3 24 hrs. 100.0 95.44 93.76 95.76

4 PM 2.5 µg/m3 24 hrs. 60 55.44 55.12 54.21

5 Ozone (O3) µg/m3 8 hrs. 100.0 36.25 24.83 26.58

6 Lead (Pb) µg/m3 24 hrs. 1 0.05 0.04 0.03

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7 CO mg/m3 8 hrs. 2 1.10 1.10 1.10

8 Ammonia (NH3) µg/m3 24 hrs 400 83.19 75.97 77.69

9 Benzene (C6H6) µg/m3 Annual 5 1.46 1.41 1.38

10 Benzo(O)

Pyrene ng/m3 Annual 1 <0.2 <0.2

<0.2

11 Arsenic (As) ng/m3 Annual 6 0.24 0.26 0.24

12 Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 Annual 20 1.91 1.73 1.66

3.6 Water Environment

3.6.1 Ground Water Quality

Ground water has been found as the most important source for catering the domestic needs of

water consumption of local population throughout the study area. Therefore, any kind of

deterioration owing to the industrial or the urban activities in the quality of ground water will pose

serious threat to health and attention needs to be paid towards maintaining the quality of water

using all possible tools such as regular monitoring with spontaneous remedial suggestions, if

required. With this view, 7 monitoring stations (tube wells) in the study area are identified for

assessment of ground water quality. These stations have been spread over the study area. The

locations of the ground water quality monitoring stations are listed in Table-3.11and Figure 3.4.

Table 3.11: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Stations

S.N Code Location Direction Dist. (Km) Latitude Longitude

1 GW1 Bahauli E 8.36 29°28'7.73"N 76°57'44.14"E

2 GW2 Near PTA - ETP

Area

- - - -

3 GW3 Baljatan WSW 2.97 29°27'20.94"N 76°51'3.59"E

4 GW4 Assankalan S 6.82 29°24'36.67"N 76°52'37.91"E

5 GW5 Untala SSW 9.05 29°23'32.78"N 76°50'59.41"E

6 GW6 Bhalsi SW 9.62 29°24'24.81"N 76°48'31.41"E

7 GW7 Near CISF Road NNE 1.79 29°29'15.59"N 76°52'45.76"E

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Figure 3.6: Groundwater and Surface water Monitoring Locations

3.6.1.1 Sampling and Analysis

The collected water samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters as parameters

described in IS: 10500:2012. Table 3.12 gives desirable and permissible limits prescribed for potable

water in IS: 10500: 2012.

Table 3.12 :Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water

S.N Characteristic Requirement (Acceptable

Limit)

Permissible Limit in the Absence of

Alternate Source

Protocol

I Organoleptic and Physical Parameters

i) Colour, Hazen units, Max

5 15 IS 3025 (Part 4)

ii) Odour Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 (Part 5a)

iii) pH value 6.5-8.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 11)

iv) Taste Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 (Part 7&8)

v) Turbidity, NTU, Max 1 5 IS 3025 (Part 10)

vi) Total dissolved solids, mg/l, Max

500 2000 IS 3025 (Part 16)

II General Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable in Excessive Amounts

i) Aluminium (as Al), mg/l, Max

0.03 0.2 IS 3025 (Part 55)

ii) Ammonia (as total ammonia-N), mg/l, Max

0.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 34)

of 180




Limit)


Alternate Source

Protocol

iii) Anionic detergents (as MBAS) mg/l, Max

0.2 1.0 IS 13428

iv) Barium (as Ba), mg/l, Max

0.7 No relaxation IS 15302

v) Boron (as B), mg/l, Max

0.5 1.0 IS 3025 (Part 57)

vi) Calcium (as Ca), mg/l, Max

75 200 IS 3025 (Part 40)

vii) Chloramines (as Cl2), mg/l, Max

4.0 No relaxation IS IS 3025 (Part 26)

viii) Chloride (as Cl), mg/l, Max

250 1000 IS 3025 (Part 32)

ix) Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max

0.05 1.5 IS 3025 (Part 42)

x) Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max

1.0 1.5 IS 3025 (Part 60)

xi) Free residual chlorine, mg/l, Min

0.2 1 IS 3025 (Part 26)

xii) Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max


xiii) Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l, Max

30 100 IS 3025 (Part 46)

xiv) Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max

0.1 0.3 IS 3025 (Part 59)

xv) Mineral oil, mg/l, Max


xvi) Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l, Max

45 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 34)

xvii) Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH), mg/l, Max

0.001 0.002 IS 3025 (Part 43)

xviii) Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max


xix) Silver (as Ag), mg/l, Max

0.1 No relaxation IS 13428

xx) Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max

200 400 IS 3025 (Part 24)

xxi) Sulphide (as H2S), mg/l, Max


xxii) Total alkalinity as Calcium, mg/l, Max

200 600 IS 3025 (Part 23)

xxiii) Total hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max

200 600 IS 3025 (Part 21)

xxiv) Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, 5 15 IS 3025 (Part 49)

of 180




Limit)


Alternate Source

Protocol

Max

III Parameters Concerning Toxic Substances

i) Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max


ii) Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max


iii) Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max


iv) Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max


v) Molybdenum (as Mo), mg/l, Max


vi) Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, Max


vii) Polychlorinated biphenyls, mg/l, Max

0.0005 viii) No relaxation APHA 6630

viii) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (as PAH), mg/l, Max

0.0001 No relaxation APHA 6630

ix) Total Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max

0.01 0.05 IS 3025 (Part 37)

x) Total chromium (as Cr), mg/l, Max

0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 52

xi) Trihalomethanes

a) Bromoform, mg/l, Max

0.1 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232

b) Dibromochloromethane, mg/l, Max


c) Bromodichloromethane, mg/l, Max

0.06 No relaxation

ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232

d) Chloroform, mg/l, Max


IV Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water

i All water intended for drinking, a) E. coli or thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB)

Shall not be detectable in any 100 ml sample

Source: Bureau of Indian Standard Code IS: 10500:2012.

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Table 3.13 : Ground water Quality in the Study Area

Sn. Parameters Units GW1

GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7

1 pH - 7.90 7.72 8.21 7.56 7.63 7.40 8.67

2 Colour Hazen

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

3 Odour

Un Objection-

able

Un Objection-able

Un Objection-able

Un Objection-able

Un Objection-able

Un Objection-able

Un Objection-able

4 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

5 TDS mg/l 487 362 257 332 451 326 442

6 Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 391 294 189 257 322 278 265

7 Nitrate as NO3

mg/l 3.9 6.6 4.4 7.4 8.2 3.5 7.8

8 Chloride as Cl

mg/l 42 59 35 32 45 39 65

9 Sulphate as SO4

mg/l 15 23 19 26 42 37 35

10 Calcium as Ca

mg/l 87 78 43 63 88 58 74

11 Magnesium as Mg

mg/l 44 29 21 23 31 42 25

12 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.22

13 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.70 0.45 0.21 0.52 0.82 0.87 0.90

14 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3

mg/l 382 293 185 255 320 275 290

15 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.09 0.1 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.015 0.14

16 Copper as Cu

mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

17 Cyanide as CN


18 Arsenic as As


19 Mercury as Hg


20 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

21 Chromium as Cr+6


3.6.1.2 Observations

Colour: The colour of ground water sample is found<1 hazen unit.

Odour: The odour of ground water sample is agreeable and meets the desirable limit for

drinking water standard.

of 180



pH: The pH value of ground water river water sample is 7.4 to 8.67 and always meets the

drinking water desirable standard.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS of ground water is 257 to 487 mg/l.

Total Hardness: Total hardness value ground water sample is 189 to 391 mg/l.

Iron: The iron content in ground water sample is 0.12 to 0.24 mg/l and found within the

permissible limit of 0.3 mg/l in the absence of alternate source of potable water.

Chloride: Chloride content of ground water sample is 32 to 65 mg/l and meets the

acceptable limit of 250 mg/l.

Calcium: Calcium content in ground water 43 to 88 mg/l and found within the acceptable

limit of 75 mg/l.

Magnesium: Magnesium content in ground water sample is 21 to 44 mg/l and found within

the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.

Sulphate: Sulphate content in ground water river water sample is 15.0 to 42.0 mg/l and

meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l for potable water.

Nitrate: Nitrate content in ground water is 3.5 to 8.2 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of

45 mg/l for potable water.

Fluoride: Fluoride content of water sample is 0.21 to 0.90 mg/l and meets the acceptable

limit of 1 mg/l for potable water.

Conclusions: The results of ground water were compared to Indian Standard Specification of

drinking water IS: 10500:2012 and were found within the permissible limits.

3.6.2 Surface water Quality

There is no river running around the proposed site. A good number of manmade canals and drains

exist within the impact zone, namely Western Yamuna Canal, Main Drain No. 2, Munak Drain,

Gagsina East Drain, Nahar Kuna Hansi Drain, Phurla Drain, Gandha Nala, Gahana Feeder, Untala

Drain, Khandra Drain, Thirana Drain etc. These drains and nalas form a network spreading in the

impact zone and they ultimately meet Yamuna. Of them, Western Yamuna Canal is the nearest

major canal flowing within 2 km in the northern part of the location of the proposed site. The raw

water requirement is fulfilled by Western Yamuna Canal. To assess the quality of surface water, 3

stations are selected and monitored. The sampling stations and their brief description are given in

Table-3.14

Table 3.14 : Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations

S.N Code Location Direction Dist. (Km) Latitude Longitude

1 SW 1 On Munak river ESE 2.21 29°27'26.27"N

76°53'30.59"E

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3.6.2.1 Characteristics of Surface Water Samples

The surface water sample was collected from Munak River (SW1), Drain no.2 at Sithana village (SW2)

and Western Yamuna Canal (SW3) and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. Table 3.15

gives analyzed results of surface water and discussed below:

Table 3.15: Surface Water Quality

S.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3

1. Colour Hazan Colourless Colourless Colourless

2. Turbidity NTU

3. pH -- 7.41 7.89 7.71

4. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 220 235 172

5. Total Hardness mg/l 135 125 105

6. Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.21 0.06 0.15

7. Chloride (Cl) mg/l 45 51 33

8. Calcium (Ca) mg/l 34 33 21

9. Magnesium (Mg) mg/l 12 10 13

10. Copper (Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

11. Manganese (Mn) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

12. Sulphate (SO4) mg/l 15 27 16

13. Nitrate (NO3) mg/l 1.6 1.7 1.1

14. Fluoride (F) mg/l 0.24 0.15 0.11

15. Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL

16. Mercury (Hg) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

17. Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

18. Selenium (Se) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

19. Arsenic (As) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

20. Cyanide (CN) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

21. Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

22. Zinc (Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

23. Anionic Detergents mg/l BDL BDL BDL

24. Hexa. Chromium (Cr+6) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

25. Mineral Oil mg/l BDL BDL BDL

26. Pesticides mg/l BDL BDL BDL

27. Alkalinity as caco3 mg/l 101 176 155

28. Aluminum (as Al) mg/l BDL BDL BDL

29. Boron mg/l BDL BDL BDL

30. TSS mg/l 43 56 41

31. DO mg/l 5.5 4.4 5.1

32. BOD mg/l 9 21 18

33. COD mg/l 24 74 36

3.6.2.2 Observations

Colour: The colour of surface water sample is found <1 hazen unit.

2 SW2 Drain no.2 , Sithana village

ESE 0.84 29°27'3.24"N 76°54'20.95"E

3 SW 3 Western Yamuna Canal S 3.69 29°27'50.81"N

76°52'34.72"E

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Odour: The odour of surface water sample is agreeable and meets the desirable limit for

drinking water standard.

pH:The pH value of surface water sample is 7.4 – 7.8 and always meets the drinking water

desirable standard.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS of surface water sample is 172 - 235 mg/l and meets

permissible limit of 500 mg/l.

Total Hardness: Total hardness value surface water sample is 105 – 135 mg/l Hardness value

is within the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l.

Iron: The iron content in surface water sample is 0.06 – 0.21 mg/l and found within the

permissible limit of 0.3 mg/l in the absence of alternate source of potable water.

Chloride: Chloride content of surface water sample is 33 - 51 mg/l and meets the acceptable

limit of 250 mg/l.

Calcium: Calcium content in surface water sample is 21 - 34 mg/l and found within the

acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.

Magnesium: Magnesium content in surface water sample is 10 – 13 mg/l and found within

the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.

Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity of surface water sample is 101 - 176 mg/l and meets within

the permissible limit 600 mg/l.

Sulphate: Sulphate content in surface water sample is 15 -27 mg/l and meets the acceptable


Nitrate:Nitrate content in surface water sample is 1.1 – 1.7 mg/l and meets the acceptable


Fluoride:Fluoride content of surface water sample is 0.11 – 0.24 mg/l and meets the

acceptable limit of 1 mg/l for potable water.

3.6.3 Treated Water Quality

IOCL Panipat Naphtha Cracker regular monitors the ETP waste water samples. The waste water

sampling results at ETP showed that the all the wastewater was within permissible limits. The results

are tabulated below:

Table 3.16: Treated Water Quality

Parameter Limit Dec’16 Jan’17 Feb’17

pH 6.5-8.5 7.5 7.4 7.6

Fluoride <5.0 0.24 0.21 0.25

BOD 30 9.9 10 15

COD 250 119 120 125

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TSS 100 17.4 18 16

Phenol <1 0.10 0.20 0.25

sulfide 2 1.2 1.3 1.2

3.7 Noise Environment

A total of eight locations within an area of 10 km radius around the project site have been selected

for measurement of ambient noise levels, covering residential & sensitive areas. These locations

have been displayed in Table 3.17.

Major Sources of Noise in Study Area

The study area is of both industrial & residential in nature. Vehicular movement on the roads is a

source of noise in those residential & industrial areas. This increases the ambient noise levels. There

are also a number of other domestic noise sources such as television, radio, loud speakers, etc.

3.7.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring

In the present study, a sound level meter has measured sound pressure levels. Since loudness of

sound is important for its effects on people, the dependence of loudness on frequency must be

taken into account in environmental noise assessment. This has been achieved by using A-weighting

filters in the noise measuring instrument which gives a direct reading of approximate loudness.

Moreover, A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values have been computed

from the values of A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) measured with the help of a noise meter.

At each location, readings were taken at uniform interval over a twenty-four hours period, divided

into day and night shifts. For a particular location daytime Leq has been computed from the SPL

values measured between 6.00 A.M to 10.00 P.M and night time Leq from the SPL values measured

between 10.00 P.M to 6.00 A.M such that comparison could be made with the National Ambient

Noise Standards.

3.7.2 Noise Levels in the Study Area

Noise levels in Leq at the respective locations separately for Day and Night times have been

presented in Table 3.13. During the day time, the equivalent noise levels were found to vary in the

range of (44.6 - 64) dB (A) while in the night time, the equivalent noise levels were observed to be

varying in the range of (27-45) dB (A). The highest value of equivalent noise level pressure was found

to be 64 dB (A) at Project Site while the lowest value was found to be 44.6 dB(A) during day time. As

usual, the day time noise levels were found to be higher than those, observed at night level.

Table 3.17: Noise Levels in Study area

Locations Category of Area Day Time dB(A) Night Time dB(A)

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Locations Category of Area Day Time dB(A) Night Time dB(A)

Project Site Industrial 64 45

Bholi Residential 54.3 42.5

Rajapur Residential 53.4 41

Gudha Residential 57.3 42

Assankalan Residential 45.6 32

Untala Residential 55.9 38

Kutana Residential 54.0 33

Sherah Residential 44.6 27

3.8 Soil Environment

The district has two types of soils viz-tropical arid brown and arid brown soils (solemnized). The arid

brown soils are found in major parts of the district whereas tropical arid brown soils are found in

north eastern part of the district. Especially in parts of Bapoli and Panipat blocks. Mostly the soils are

loam and Silty loam in the district as classified by the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use

Planning, Nagpur, the district has mainly Aquepts-Ochrepts and Aquents Fluvents types of soil.

Soil Types in Haryana

According to the Soil Taxonomic Classification the soils of Haryana fall in the following orders (C.C.S.

Haryana Agricultural University)

S. No. Order Area (%) D (%) Districts

1. Inceptisols 58.0 All districts

2. Entisols 29.0 All districts

3. Aridisols 9.0 Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar and Bhiwani

4. Alfisols 2.0 Karnal and Kurukshetra

5. Hills and Rock outcrops 2.0 Mahendergarh, Rewari, Gurgaon and Panchkula

3.8.1 Field Study, Sampling and Analysis

To assess the impacts of the industrial and urban activities on the soils in the area, the chemical

characteristics of soils within the study area have been examined by obtaining soil samples from

selected points and analysis of the same. The physico-chemical properties, nutrient content and

infiltration characteristics of soils within the study area have been analyzed at five different locations

during the study to establish the soil characteristics. Keeping in view the vegetative cover, soil types

and maximum deposition of pollutants emitted through stacks, which would accord an overall idea

of the soil characteristics within the study area.

3.8.2 Selection of Sampling Locations

Sampling locations for the soil were identified primarily based on the distribution of vegetation and

the agricultural practices in the area. The sampling locations are predominantly representative of

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agricultural field in different directions. These locations were selected in order to have background

scenario w.r.t. the soil quality in the area.

3.8.3 Methodology

The soil sampling and analysis was conducted once in the study period, during December, 2016. The

samples were collected homogenous representatives of each location. 6 locations were selected to

monitor the soil quality in the study area. The soil characteristics are summarized given below.

Table 3.18: Soil Sampling Locations

Figure 3.6:Soil Quality Monitoring Locations

3.8.4 Soil Quality

The value of important physical and chemical parameters of these soil samples are given in Table

3.19

Table 3.19 : Soil Characteristics in the Study area

SN Parameters Unit Project site

Dadlana Shah Jahanpur

Bahauli Asankalan Shera

1 Colour Brownish Browni Brownish Brownis Brownish Brownis

S. No.

Sampling Location Direction Dist. (Km)

Latitude Longitude

1 S1 Premises of project site - - - -

2 S2 Dadlana ENE 2.48 29°28'42.63"N 76°54'2.83"E

3 S3 Shah Jahanpur NNE 8 .29 29°32'31.26"N 76°54'19.90"E

4 S4 Bahauli E 8.36 29°28'7.73"N 76°57'44.14"E

5 S5 Asankalan S 7.0 29°24'35.69"N 76°52'38.32"E

6 S6 Sherah WSW 6.41 29°26'24.99"N 76°49'7.65"E

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sh h h

2 Texture Sility sand Sility sand

Sility sand

Sility sand

Sility sand Sility sand

3 Water Holding .

% 42.40 47.0 40.21 44.53 40.56 46.15

4 Bulk Density gm/ cc 1.19 1.21 1.31 1.27 1.25 1.29

5 pH 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.5 8.7 9.58

6 Sodium meq/100g

34.20 30.61 29.31 31.33 41.78 32.70

7 Phosphorus mg/ kg 6.1 7.3 7.6 7.4 6.2 8.2

9 Calcium mg/ 100g

2.85 3.45 3.57 3.80 2.57 3.95

10 Magnesium mg/ 100g

59.24 72.52 67.83 80.21 55.67 75.84

11 Chloride meq/100g

0.41 0.42 0.38 0.49 0.44 0.45

12 Organic Carbon

% 0.25 0.29 0.42 0.35 0.12 0.31

3.8.5 Observation

From the tabulated values, the following conclusions can be made about the physical and chemical

characteristics of the soil samples.

Colour: Soil samples from all six locations are brownish.

Texture: Soil samples from all six locations are silty sand in texture.

Water Holding Capacity (WHC):Water holding capacity (WHC) of soil samples of the study

area ranges between 40.21 to 47 % and these soils have good capability of retaining

sufficient water during irrigation for facilitating the plant growth.

Bulk Density: Bulk density of soil in the study area is found to be in the range from 1.19 to

1.31 g/cm3.

pH: pH was determined by taking 1:5 ratio of soil and distilled water. pH of soil in the study

area is found to be slightly alkaline in the range of 7.9 to 9.58.

Sodium: Sodium content of the soil samples in the study area is in range 29.31 to 41.78

meq/100g.

Phosphorus: Sulphate content in soil sample of the study area is found in the range of 6.1 to

8.2 mg/kg.

Calcium: Calcium content in soil samples ranges from 2.57 to 3.95 mg/100g.

Chloride: Chloride content in soil samples of the study area is found in the range of 0.38 to

0.49 meq/100g.

Organic Carbon: Organic Carbon in the soil sample ranges from 0.12 to 0.42%.

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3.9 Socio Economic Environment

The Baseline Demographic and Socio economic characteristics with regards to demography, literacy

and occupational status have been described, based on the Primary Census Abstract, 2011, while the

relevant details of the Infrastructure Facilities have also been extracted from the Primary Census

Abstract, 2011. The proposed project is located at village Baljatan, tehsil Matlauda, and district

Panipat in the state of Haryana. The study area comprises of 25 villages, a small part of town under

Panipat Municipal Committee which falls in urban category. Socio-economic studies for this small

urban area have not been undertaken. Demographic characteristics in terms of population and list of

villages are given in Table 3.20

Table 3.20: Population Details

Sr No. Name of Village No. of House

Holds

Total

Population

Male

Population

Female

Population

1 Rairkalan 1068 5399 2877 2522

2 Baljattan 512 3045 1595 1450

3 Kurana 143 725 415 310

4 Begampur 143 725 415 310

5 Razapur 596 3327 1737 1590

6 Sithana 1100 5722 3035 2687

7 Mahmadpur 397 2085 1101 984

8 Sikanderpur 1727 8894 4844 4050

9 Panipat Taraf Ansar 8828 42877 22967 19910

10 Shodapur 1219 6423 3458 2965

11 Faridpur 484 2237 1204 1033

12 Kachrauli 1074 5400 2869 2531

13 Badauli 749 3822 2020 1802

14 Gudha 785 4180 2207 1973

15 Kutana 449 2307 1182 1125

16 Nauhra 749 3822 2020 1802

17 Assan Kalan 919 4960 2588 2372

18 Asan Khurd 1511 6873 3767 3106

19 Mahayudinpur Thirana 362 1905 1023 882

20 Shadipur 5 21 8 13

21 Shera 757 4062 2185 1877

22 Khandra 392 2153 1181 972

23 Dharam Garh 609 3248 1726 1522

24 Munak 2088 11507 6050 5457

25 Babarpur 385 1902 1030 878

26 Dadlana 2922 11413 6181 5232

Total 29973 149040 79685 69355

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The study area is moderately populated with the total population of 1, 49,040 (as per 2011 Census).

Scheduled Caste (SC) population is about 24.26% of the total population. As per 2011 Census,

Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is not found in the study area. The sex ratio is about 858 females per

1000 males. The overall literacy rate is about 54.8%. Male literacy rate is 34.1% and female literacy

rate is 20.7%. The primary sources of drinking water are tube wells and water supply facilities.

3.9.1 Demographic Aspects

Distribution of Population

The total population of the study area was 1, 49,040 as per Census Data of 2011. The distribution of

the total population in the study area is presented in Table 3.21

Table 3.21 : Population Distribution

Particulars Number

No of households 29973

Total Population 149040

Male Population 79685

Female Population 69355

Social Structure

In 2011, about 26% of the total population belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC). No Scheduled Tribes

(ST) in the study area.

Table 3.22 : Distribution of Population by Social Structure in Study area (2011)

Particulars Number

Total Scheduled Castes 39253

Scheduled Castes Male 20585

Scheduled Castes Female 18668

Total Scheduled Tribes -

Scheduled Tribes Male -

Scheduled Tribes Female -

Literacy Levels

The literacy rate was 65 % of the total population in 2011. The male literacy rate was 71% (of total

male population), whereas corresponding figures for the female literacy rate was 56% (of total

female) in 2011 .The details are presented in Table 3.23

Table 3.23 : Distribution of Literates in the Study Area (2011)

S. No Particulars Number

1. Total Literates 96369

2. Male Literates 56859

3. Female Literates 39510

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Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of people in the study area is studied with reference to main workers and

marginal workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census

Department, which consists of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry,

fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and

other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication

and other services. The marginal workers are those workers, engaged in some work for a period of

less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey.

Altogether, the total workers were 34% of the total population in 2011 whereas the main workers

are 28%, marginal workers are 5% and the non-workers were 62% of the total population in 2011.

The distribution of workers in the study area by occupation structure is presented in Table- 3.24

(Based on 2011 Census Data).

Table 3.24 : Occupational Structure in the Study Area (2011)

S. No Status Number

1. Total Population 149040

2. Male Population 79685

3. Female Population 69355

S. No Occupation Number

1. Total Workers 50203

Male 40272

Female 9931

2. Main Workers 42326

Male 35333

Female 6993

3. Marginal Workers 7877

Male 4939

Female 2938

4. Non workers 95521

Male 36996

Female 5525

3.9.2 Infrastructure Facilities

The infrastructure and amenities available in the study area denotes the economic wellbeing of the

region. A review of infrastructure facilities available in the area has been done based on the

information given in the Primary Census abstract for the year 2011. The infrastructural facilities

available in the study area are described in the following section.

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Major Industries

Major Industries around 10 km radius of the Panipat Refinery are as follows

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited- Oil refinery at Panipat

M/s Panipat Thermal Power Plant

M/s Jaypee Cement Grinding Unit

M/s Narayan Woolen Mills

M/s Nova Biofuels Pvt. Ltd

Educational Facilities

The educational facilities are almost evenly distributed in the area. In all, there are 42 primary

schools, 27 middle schools and a few other educational institutions in the rural sector of the study

area. Higher education facilities are available in the urban sector of the study area.

Medical Facilities

Medical facility in some form or the other is available to the population residing with the rural

segment of the study area. However, medical facilities i.e. Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Health Centers

etc. are readily available within the urban segment of the study area.

Drinking Water Facilities

Tap water or ground water is being used in the different villages located in the rural sector of the

concerned C.D Blocks. As per 2011 Census, total 41 wells and 47 tanks is within the rural area. In the

urban area tube well and tap water are the sources of drinking water.

Electricity

Most of the villages in the concerned C.D Blocks have electricity available for domestic purposes.

Communication Transport & Access Facilities

Around 70% of the villages in the concerned C.D Blocks have post office available within 10 km

distance. Pucca road is available in all the villages in the study area. In the urban area surface rail,

taxies, buses and auto-rickshaws etc. are available for communication.

3.9.3 Traffic Analysis

IOCL Panipat complexis attached to the NH 115, NH 114.The Panipat complex has a well-developed

infrastructure for utilities. Iocl has already provided internally the facility for parking of vehicles,

tankers Buses and trucks. The proposed project surroundings already has general infrastructure

facilities for dispatch of products, approach road. The proposed project has a well-developed

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infrastructure for utilities. It will provide internal facility for parking of vehicles, buses, tankers and

trucks. The proposed project surroundings has approach road and general infrastructure facilities for

dispatch of products. No roads are designed with sharp/curved turns in the company premises. The

major part of transportation of raw material and manufactured products is done by pipeline.

Approx. 6 acres of total plant(34 acres)area will be used for roads and parking. Hence there are no

chances of traffic congestion within and outside plant No roads are designed with sharp/curved

turns in the company premises. The major part of transportation of raw products and manufactured

products is done by pipeline. Hence there are no chances of traffic congestion within and outside the

Refinery premises.

Below are the vehicle details

During Construction – (Period 16 months)

1. Material Supply – 400- 450 Truck (15 MT/ Truck)

2. Civil Work – 2000 - 2200 Truck (15 MT/Truck)

3. Cranes, Forklift, Boom Trucks – 8 - 10

During Operation – (Every Day)

1. Feed stock – 100 – 110 Truck (5 MT/Truck)

2. Ash – 10 -15 Trucks

3. Mud – 1- 2 Trucks

4. Enzyme – 1 Truck (per month)

5. Chemicals – 1 tanker (per 15 days)

Figure 3.7: Site Connectivity

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3.10 Ecology

Study was carried out through field survey along with literature reviews/desk research to

understand the ecological (both terrestrial and aquatic) condition of the study area (December 2016-

February 2017).

The concept of ecology has been increasingly used as conceptual focus for conservation policy and

to measure species extinction and ecosystem loss in response to natural and human induced

selection pressures. Thus, in any environmental analysis where integration of ecological thoughts

into planning process is required, such kind of analysis of biological environmental status survey is

very significant. So, this type of assessment includes evaluation of both the terrestrial & aquatic

ecology.

3.10.1 Study Methodology

Biological environment is a good bio-indicator of changing environmental quality. Reconnaissance

survey was undertaken around the proposed project site. In the present survey 10 km radius area

around the project site was considered as study area. Both terrestrial and aquatic ecological analysis

was carried out in the field and in the laboratory. Assessment of flora and fauna was undertaken in

the study area. The field study was undertaken during December 2016.

In addition to the field study, literature review /desk research was carried out to determine the

existing conditions within the study area and to identify habitats and species of potential importance

that may be affected by the Project.

The following parameters were primarily considered in the study.

Assessment of present state of vegetation, flora and fauna in the study area.

Collection of data from literature about the flora and faunal accounts

Identification of rare endangered plants and animal species (if any).

Identification of important plants/animal species having diverse economic values.

3.10.2 Terrestrial Ecology

The natural flora and fauna of the land habitats constitute terrestrial ecosystem. The study of

terrestrial ecosystem is important as a part of the monitoring environmental changes. Due to rapid

industrialization, currently the ecological status of an area changed dramatically. Thus impact

evaluation of any developmental activities is highly essential with a view to formulation of migratory

plan layout.

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A) Floral Survey

Though natural vegetation of this area is very poor except some degraded patches of evergreen

scrub or thorny forests, but overall floral diversity is fairly high. The major components of natural

forest are Dhak of Palas (Butea monosperma), Jand (Prosopis cineraria), Kaur (Capparis decidua),

Hins (Capperis sepraria), Kikar (Acacia nilotica) and Datepalm (Phoenix sylvestris).

During present field survey, a large number of plant species were recorded in different habitats.

They are listed. There is no rare and endangered plant species in the present study area.

B) Plantation Forestry

As the natural forest area was currently very poor in this district, enormous attempt has been made

for raising plantation forestry in Govt. as well as private land either through social forestry

programme or by organized strip plantation by the forest department. Over last two decades such

attempts were undertaken. Many fast-growing trees, ornamental plants and also fruit trees were

planted through these programs. Usually through mass strip plantation programme along the

railway line, road, canal bank, drain bank, and also even in degraded notified forest land, a

considerable volume of wood biomass was expected in this area. Four major plant categories were

used for this purpose viz. Shisam, Kikar, Eucalyptus, and other mixed types.

In addition various private land and also panchayat areas were taken up for social forestry programs.

A total of more than twenty five plant species were regularly utilized for planting in this programme

during onset on monsoon period. The details of plant species used in the social forestry programs

are given in the Table-3.22. Among them once again the most prevalent species that are used for

these purposes were Kikar, Eucalyptus, Khair, Shisham, Teak and Neem.

Plants of Economic Importance

A good number of plants found in this area having enormous importance as medicine & other allied

uses. There are listed in Table3.23However none of the plants can be considered as rare &

endangered as suggested by IUCN. There is no wild germplasm stock in the area under survey.

C) Faunal Survey

The project site proper proposed is currently under extensive cultivation. There were isolated trees,

canal bank strip plantations, and thorny scrub vegetation remnants in the peripheral regions.

However, in the buffer region (i.e. around 20 kms from the site) a good number of village

settlements with small orchards, industrial complexes like refineries, thermal power plant and urban

settlement areas like Panipat Township. There were scattered plantation in the industrial leasehold

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areas, upland cultivated area, small village orchards, and strip plantation also along the canals, roads

etc. There is no trace of reserve forest or protected forest except patchy remnants of thorny

deciduous forest patch. There were scattered marshes, irrigation canals and a few ponds particularly

in and around villages.

The afforested habitats provide resource for good number of faunal livelihood. The major faunal

records were made here on the basis of the current field visits done. The details are given in the

Table-3.24. On the whole it reveals that a sizeable number of animal species comprising of two

amphibian, four reptiles, forty eight birds and eight mammals were quite common to this area.

As the original habitat was very much transformed for agriculture and there were continuous

industrialization in this area, the faunal diversities were very much disturbed. In spite of these facts

birds were most prevalent in this area. The most abundantly noticed birds are Cattle Egret, Pariah

Kite, Red Wattled Lapwing, Pigeon, Bawk Moyna and Redvented Bulbul.

D) Endangered Animals

There is no wildlife sanctuary or national park in and around the study area. However, none of the

species recorded so far in the faunal diversity list appears to be endangered animals except monitor

lizard and pea fowl, whose occurrence is now threatened due to poaching for commercial purpose.

E) Agriculture

The present study area and so also the entire Panipat District of Haryana is one of the prime

agricultural divisions of the country, where most of the land is under cultivation. Quite a good

number of crops were grown in this area. The major crops are paddy, jowar, bajra, makai and

sugarcane in kharif seasons, while that of rabi seasons crops are wheat, barley, sunflower, arahar,

mung, chana, masoor, rapeseed, pea and barseem. The average yield rate of paddy and wheat are

20-25 Q/hect and 36-37 Q/hect respectively. The cultivation in this area is highly mechanized and

there is profoundfacilities for canal and deep tube well irrigation. As per present record a total of

over 27,000 tube wells were installed in this district. The farmers also use both chemical and bio-

fertilizer in adequate quantity.

3.10.3 Aquatic Ecology

There are a number of canals and drains connected with river Yamuna. Over 350 pond of small and

medium size of which, 50% dry up during dry months. Aquatic biotic communities like Phytoplankton

and Zooplanktons, Macrophytes and Fishes were studied.

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A) Macrophytes

For studies on Macrophytes, marsh areas, canal and drains, water bodies of different size were

surveyed within the radius of about 10 km from the proposed site. A check list of macrophytes is

given in the Table.3.28 Among them water hyacinth, duckweed and hogla plants were most

common.

B) Planktons

Four sites were selected for plankton analysis. These are (i) Western Yamuna Canal (near Munak

village) as upstream point, (ii) Western Yamuna Canal (near Sithana village) as downstream point,

(iii) one pond near Kabri village and (iv) Drain no – 2 near IOCL Refinery. The detail of planktonic

diversities and their population load (no/lit) is given in Table-3.29

C) Fishes

A total of species of fishes were recorded as exists in different types of water bodies in the study

area. A checklist of fish species is given in the Table-3.29. Among the fishes, four common carps are

cultured in village ponds and jheels, white both carps and other catfishes were found in the rivers

and canal system.

Fisheries

The pisciculture activities were restricted only in the Yamuna River, canals and village ponds. The

culture fisheries were common practices in the confined water bodies over the years. Transported

fish seeds core supplied by State Fisheries Department to the villagers and commercial

entrepreneurs for pisciculture in confined water bodies. The yield rate is fairly high. The major carps

like Rahu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhina mrigala) and Cyprinus carp (Cyprinus

carpio) were primarily cultured.

With respect to capture fisheries, a good number of fishes were reported to be captured from rivers

and canal system in particulars. The major fishes were species of Mystus, Channa, Silonia, Rita and

Puntius etc.

Table 3.25: Floral Checklist of the Study area

S. No Scientific Name Local Name Family Habitats Occurrence

A) Trees

1 Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceaae 1,2

2 Acacia Senegal Khairi Leguminosae 1

3 Albizia lebbek Kala siris Leguminosae 2

4 Albizia procera Safed siris Leguminosae 2

5 Alslonia scholoris Chatim Apocyanaceae 2,3

6 Ailanthes excelsa Aruna Simarubiacene 2

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7 Azadiracta indica Neem Meliaceae 2

8 Banhinia purpurea Kachnar Leguminosae 2

9 Bomax ceiba Simal

10 Butea monosperma Dhak Leguminosae 1,2

11 Cassia fistula Amaltas Leguminosae 2,6

12 Cassia siamea -- Legminosae 2,6

13 Casuarina equisetifolia Jau Casuarinaceae 2,6

14 Callistemon speciosus -- Myrfaceae 2,6

15 Crataeva nurvala Barna Capparidaceae 1

16 Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Leguminosae 1,2,6

17 Delonix regia Gulmohar Leguminosae 2,6

18 Diospyros cordifolia Bistendu Ebenaceae 2

19 Erythrina arborescens Mother Leguminosae 2,6

20 Eucalyptus globosus -- Mytraceae 2,3,6

21 Ficus bengalensis Bargad Urticaceae 2,6

22 Ficus religiosa Pipal Urticaceae 2,6

23 Ficus palmata Anjir Urticaceae 2

24 Ficus glomerata Gullor Urticaceae 2

25 Holoptelea integrifolia Papri Urticaceae 2,6

26 Inga dulcis Wilayli Imli Leguminosae 2,3,6

27 Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Leguminosae 2,3

28 Magnolia champaka Champ Magnoliaceae 6

29 Mangifera indica Am Anacardiaceae 2,6

30 Mimusops elengi Bakul Sapotaceae 2,6

31 Melia azedarach Bakain Meliaceae 2,6

32 Moringa oleifera Sohanjana Moringaceae 2

33 Morus alba Toof Urficaceae 2,6

34 Millingtonia hortensis Akas neem Bignoniaceae 6

35 Mitragyna parvifolia Phaldu Rubiaceae 2,6

36 Parkinsonia aculeata -- Leguminosae 1,2

37 Phoenix sydyeshis Khazoor Palmae 1,2

38 Pongamia pinnata Papri Leguminosae 1,2,6

39 Prosopis juliflora Mesquite Leguminosae 1,4,2

40 Prosopis cineraria Jand Leguminosae 1,4

41 Populus deltoides Popular Salicaceae 2,6

42 Polyalthia longifolia Debdaru Anonnaceae 2,6

43 Putranjiva roxburghii Retranjba Euphorbiaceae 2,6

44 Salix tetrastomatica Willow Salicaceae 6

45 Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae 2,6

46 Tamarindus indica Imli Leguminosae 2

47 Tectona grandis Sagun Verbenaceae 2,6,4

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48 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae 2,6

49 Terminalia belerica Bahera Combretaceae 2,6

50 Thevetia peruviana Karabi Apocyanaceae 2

51 Ziziphus mauritiana Ber Rhamnaceae 1,2,4

(B) Shrubs and Herbs

1 Abutilon indicum Pathaka Malvaceae 1,4,5

2 Achyranthes aspera Phutkanda Amoranthaceae 1,4,5

3 Adhatoda vasica Bansak Acanthaceae 2,4

4 Aerva tomentosa Bui Amoranthaceae 1,2,4

5 Agave americana Keora Amaryllidaceae 2,4

6 Antigonon leptopus -- Polygonaceae 2,6

7 Boerhaavia diffusa Punaruara Nyctaginaceae 1,2,5

8 Bougainvillea Bougainvellia Nyctaginaceae 2,6

9 Calotropis procem Aak Asclepiadaceae 1,2,4

10 Capparis decidua Karir Capparidaceae 1,2,4

11 Cassia occidentalis Bonthala Leguminosae 1,2,4

12 Cassia tora Panwar Leguminosae 1,2,5

13 Cleome viscosa Bulhul Capparidaceae 1,2,5

14 Datura metel Kala Dhatura Solanaceae 1,2,5

15 Datura stramonium Dhatura Solanaceae 1,2,5

16 Euphobia hirta Dudhi Euphobiaceae 1,2,5

17 Flacourtia indica Kango Leguminosae 1,2

18 Ipomoea fistulosa Walafyali Aak Convulaceae 1,2,4,5

19 Lantana camara Panchpuli Verbenaceae 1,2,4,5

20 Opuntia dillenii Magphani Cactaceae 1,4,5

21 Polygonium orientale -- Polygonaceae 1,4,5

22 Parthenium -- Compositae 1,2,4,5

23 Ricinus communis -- Euphorbiaceae 2,4

24 Nerium odorum Kaner Apocyanaceae 2,6

25 Sida acuta Kharenti Malvaceae 1,2,4,5

26 Solanum xanthocarpum Kateri Solanaceae 1,4,5

27 Solanum nigrum Mahua maho Solanaceae 1,4,5

28 Solanum surattense Kakri Solaceae 1,4,5

29 Tribulus terrestris Chota Zygophyceae 1,4,5

30 Vitex negundo Bana Verbenaceae 1,2,4,5

31 Urena lobata -- Malvaceae 1,4,5

32 Xanthium strumarium Chola Compositae 1,4,5

C) Grasses, Hedges and Climbers:

1 Coccinia cordifolia Janglo Cucurbitaceae 1,2,4

2 Cuscuta reflexa Akash bel Cosnopulaceae 1,2,4,5

3 Capparis sepiaria Hins Capparidaceae 1,2,4,5

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4 Cyperus bulbosus Kila Cyperaceae 1,2,4,5

5 Cyperus rotundus Dilla Cyperaceae 4,5

6 Cocculus pendulus Vallus Merispermaceae 4,5

7 Momordica charantia Jangli kasula Cucurbitaceae 4,5

8 Perguleria extensa Trotur Asclepiadaceae 1,2,4,5

9 Tinospora cordifolia Gilloh Menispermaceae 2,4,5

10 Andropogon annulatus Gandra Poaceae 2,4,5

11 Cenchugus biflorus Bhurat Poaceae 2,5

12 Chrysopogon fulvus Dhanlar Pocaeae 2,4,5

13 Cymbopogon Anjan Pocaeae 2,4,5

14 Cynodon dactylon Dubesha Poaceae 2,4,5

15 Dichanthium Talwan Poaceae 2,5

16 Desmostachys Dub Poaceae 2,4

17 Echinochloa colorium China Poaceae 2,5

18 Erianthus munja Kana Poaceae 2,4

19 Imperata cylindrica Siris Poaceae 2,4

20 Panicum colonum Sanuak Poaceae 2,4

21 Saccharum Kans Poaceae 2,4,5

22 Sporobolus marginalus Chiria Poaceae 2,4,5

23 Vetiveria zizanoides Khas Poaceae 2,4,5

Habitat Types:

1- Thorny Bush 2-Village Orchards 3-Canal bank 4-aste land 5-Cropfields 6- Urbanareas

Table 3.26 : Major Plant species used for social Forestry Plantation in Panipat, Haryana

Sl. No. Common name Scientific name

1 Kikar Acacia nilotica

2 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus hybrids

3 Khairi Acacia senegal

4 Mango Mangifera indica

5 Casuarina Casuarina equisetifolia

6 Gulmohar Delonix regia

7 Bahera Terminalia balerica

8 Subabul Leucenea leucocephala

9 Arjun Terminalia arjuna 10 Neem Azadiracta indica

11 Jamun Sizygium cuminii

12 Sisham Dalbergia sisso

13 Papri Holoptelea integrifolia

14 Asan Terminalia tomentosa

15 Cassia Cassia siamea

16 Amrood Psidium guajava

17 Teak Tectona grandis

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18 Kachnar Bauhinia variagata

19 Bakain Melia azedirachta

20 Popular Populas deltoides

21 Erythrina Erythrina arborescense 22 Mesquite Prosopis juliflopha

23 Akas neem Millingtonia hortensis

24 Imli Tamarindus indica

25 Mullsery Morus alba

Table 3.27: Plants of Medicinal Importance & Other Allied Uses

S.No. Scientific name Local name &

common

name

Parts used

1 Alslonia scholoris Chatim Bark

2 Azadiracta indica Neem Seed leaf Bark

3 Bombax celba Simal Fruits

4 Butea monosperma Palas Flower, leaf

5 Erythrina arborescense Mother Flower, Bark

6 Moringa oleifera Sajina Flower, fruit leaf

7 Syzygium cumini Jamun Fruit, Bark 8 Tamarindus indica Tamarind Fruits

9 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Bark

10 Terminalia balerica Bahera Fruit, Bark

11 Thevetia nerifolia Karabi Fruit

12 Zizyphus mauritiana Ber Fruit

13 Achyranthes aspera Phutkanda Stem, root

14 Adhatoda vasica Basaka Leaf 15 Datura metal Dhutra Seeds

16 Sida acuta Kharenti Whole Plant

17 Solanum xanthocarpum Kateri Fruit

18 Tribulos terrestris Chota Cokhru Whole plant

19 Vitex negundo Nisenda Leaf

20 Vertiveria zizanoides Khas Root

Table 3.28: Record of Major Faunal Diversity in Study Area

S. No Common name Scientific name Distribution

(A) Amphibia

1 Cricket Frog Rana limnocharis C

2 Frog Rana tigrina C

(B) Reptilia

1 Garden Lizard Calotes sp C

2 Monitor Lizard Varanus sp C

3 Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus C

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4 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus C

(C) Aves

1 Dabchick Podiceps ruficollis O

2 Cormorant Phalacrocorax sp O

3 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea O

4 Pond Heron Ardeola grayii C

5 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis V

6 Large/Int. Egret Ardea/ Egretta sp O

7 Openbill Stark Anastomus oscitans O

8 Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa O

9 Whistling Teal Dendrocygna sp O

10 Pariah Kite Milvus migrans V

11 Scavenger Vulture Neophron percnopterus O

12 Partridge Francolinus sp O

13 Peafowl Pavo cristatus O

14 Blackwinged stilt Himantopus C

15 Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus V

16 Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia V

17 Ring Dove Streptopelia decaocto V

18 Roseringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri C

19 Koel Eudynamys O

20 Crow-Phosant Centropus sinensis O

21 Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis O

22 White breasted Halcyon smyrnensis C

23 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis V

24 Hoopae Upupa epops C

25 Coppersmith Megalaima O

26 Blue throated Barbet Megalaima asiatica O

27 Wire tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii O

28 Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor O

29 Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis V

30 Brahming Myna Sturnus pagodarum C

31 Pied Myna Sturnus Contra C 32 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis C

33 Bank Myna Acridotheres V

34 Indian Tree Pie Dendrocitta O

35 House Crow Corvus splendens C

36 Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos O

37 Redvented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer V

38 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus C

39 Babbler Turdoides sp C

40 Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius O

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41 Magpie Rabin Copsychus saularis O

42 Pied Bush Chat Saxicola caprata O

43 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata O

44 Sunbird Nectarinia sp O

45 House Sparrow Passer domesticus C

46 Baya Ploceus sp C

47 White throated Munia Lonchura malabarica O

48 Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata O

(D) Mammals

1 House Rat Rattus sp C

2 Mangoose Herpestes sp R

3 Squirrel Funumbulus sp C

4 Field Mouse Mus sp C

5 Hare Lepus sp O

6 Mole Rat Bandicota sp C

7 Monkey Macaca fascicularis C

8 Jackals Canis aureus O

Table 3.29 :Checklists of Macrophytic Plants in Aquatic Habitats

S. No. Common name Scientific name Growth form 1 Water hyacinth Eichornea crassipes Floating

2 Duck weed Lemna minor Floating 3 Hogla Typha domingensis Emergent

4 Kalmi Imomea aguatica Floating 5 - Alternanthesa philigesoides Floating

6 - Cyperus tagetiformis Emergent

7 Oriental pepper Polygonum orientale Amphibious 8 - Echinocloa sp Amphibious

9 Jal kumbhi Pistia stratiotes Floating

10 Lotus Nymphea nancheli Emergent

AQ1 = Pond, AQ2 = Drain No. 2, AQ3 = WJ Canal (u/s), AQ4 = WJ Canal (d/s)

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Table 3.30:Checklist of Common Fishes of Study Area

S.no. Common name Scientific name

1 Chital Notopterus chitala

2 Pholus Notopterus notopterus

3 Chela Salmostoma bacaila

4 Catla Catla catla

5 Rahu Labeo nolita

6 Bata Labeo bata

7 Mrigal Cirrhina mrigala

8 Punti Puntius sophor

9 Catfish Mystus seenglala

10 Rita Rita rita

11 Magur Clarius batrachus

12 Nandus Nardus nardus

13 Cyprinus cemp Cyprinus carpio

14 Lata Channa punctatus

15 Cylindrical fish Sinolia cylindica

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CHAPTER 4

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with the prediction and evaluation of impacts resulting from the various activities

during construction and operation phase of the proposed project. Any activity making a significant

effect is not permissible. This “significant effect” is required to be neutralized to a level of

“insignificance”. This can be achieved by various tools like in plant measures, segregation, and

environment friendly process and collectively termed as pollution control measures and providing

Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) and Emission Control Equipment (ECE) etc. Predictions are

superimposed over baseline environmental status to derive ultimate environmental scenario. The

impact of the proposed project has been considered and discussed in this chapter. “Environmental

Impact” refers to the alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of

environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions

under consideration. Both the beneficial (positive) and adverse (negative) impacts on various

components of environment are identified based on the nature of the various activities associated

with proposed project. Based on the present environmental scenario and baseline data, an exercise

has been undertaken to identify and evaluate the impact on the environment of the study area due

to the proposed project activities.

An environmental aspect is defined as an “element of an organization’s activities, products or

services which can interact with the environment” and a significant environmental aspect has or can

have a significant environmental impact. The basis of Environmental Impact Identification is to

methodically assess a system/process/site to determine all environmental aspects under normal and

abnormal (e.g. emergency) conditions. Each environmental aspect will be considered against various

criteria and assessed as being significant or not. It is essential to register all aspects so that the

process is auditable and those aspects not considered to be significant are simply recorded and do

not require further action. Therefore, anticipated impact on surrounding environment due to

proposed project and its activities have been identified and required mitigation measures to be

implemented have been incorporated in this chapter. Environmental impacts will be due to project

location, possible accidents, project design, project construction and regular operation of a

completed project. Chapter identifies adverse impacts on air, water and aesthetics from the

proposed project. It also provides control measures to minimize the possible impacts on various

environmental parameters. For identifying the impacts due to proposed project, baseline data

collected for during 01st December, 2016 to 28th February, 2017 is used. The impacts during

construction and operation phase of the proposed projects from various activities / aspect have

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been identified on individual environmental parameters and are described below along with all the

required mitigation measures.

Broadly, the proposed project may influence the environment of the area during Construction Phase

and Operation Phase. During the Construction period, the impact may be temporary or short term

while impact of operation phase might be of long term in nature till the project last. Hence,

environmental impacts of construction and operation phase of proposed 100 KLPD Ethanol plant

were predicted. Adequate environmental management measures shall be considered during the

entire planning of construction and operation stages of the project to minimize the adverse

environmental impacts and assure sustainable development of the area.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE IMPACT

Impacts are identified during construction and operation phase. Below mentioned environmental

parameters are considered while identifying the impact.

Air Environment

Sources, ambient air quality, emission control, environment and health effects

Water Environment

Sources, water & wastewater quality, environment and health effects

Noise Environment

Sources, control measures, environment and health effects

Soil/ Land Environment

Land use, change in land use pattern, pollution sources, soil quality change, environment

and health effects

Biological Environment

Flora and fauna of the study area, vegetation and habitat change and control measures

Socioeconomic Environment

Demographical details, economic status, employment status, infrastructure availability,

environment and health effects

Occupational health and Safety Environment

Identification of health hazard due to operation, material handling, exposure of hazardous

chemical, health and safety plan and disaster management.

Anticipated Impacts and mitigation measures

Proposed project will be executed on 34.66 acres of land at Panipat, Haryana State. Impacts during

construction phase are short terms and restricted to proposed land. Impacts of major activities

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during construction and operation phase are mentioned in Table below. Detailed description of all

possible impact and its mitigation measures are mentioned below in each aspects of environment

i.e. Air, Water, Soil, Noise, Socio economic environment and Biological environment.

Table 4.1 :Project activities and its anticipated impact

Sr. No. Activity Impact identification

1. Site preparation/ Excavation/

foundation, removal of Shrubs

/small plants etc and preparation

of approach roads

Change in topography

Loss of fertile soil

Air pollution due to dust emission

Noise generation due to excavation machineries created

hearing problems

Change in land cover

2. Transportation of construction

material, equipment and

machineries

Air pollution due to dust emissions

Noise generation

Ground water and soil contamination

3. Handling/loading material

of and raw material unloading

Air pollution due handling of raw material and dust

emission

Solid waste due to spillage of material

Risk of occupational injury

Hiring of Vehicle and potential damage to road

Contamination of soil and ground water due to spillage oil

and fuel

Occupational risk

4. Construction Activities:

Vehicular movement for

transportation of material and

equipment Operations of cranes,

pneumatic /electrical vibrators

for concreting, blasting, welding

machines, concrete mixers, Plain

Concreting, RCC Civil foundations

and Erection Activities, Heavy

Fabrication work for erecting of

major plant Equipment etc

Soil contamination and change in land cover due to

spillage of construction waste on land

Air pollution due to dust and exhaust gas emission

Occupational health hazards due to exposure of dust

Noise pollution due to machineries and equipment.

Occupational hazards like hearing loss and respiratory

diseases

Air pollution from machineries used

Removal of topsoil

Temporary job creation

Fumes due to welding activities

Spillage of heavy fabrication waste material containing

heavy metal and paints

5. Storage of raw material Disposal of raw material like cement, tiles, ceramics,

Plaster of Paris (POP) on land causes soil pollution and

results in change in soil property.

6. Domestic activities Water and soil pollution due to Sewage generation

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Operation Phase

1. Operation Phase:

Manufacturing process

Workforce

accommodation and

sanitation

Storage and handling of

raw materials, fuel and

finished products

Manufacturing Process

of Ethanol

Operation of DG Set

Operation of Boiler

Storage and handling of

waste water and

treatment

Green belt / Tree

plantation

Resources consumption

Extraction of water from Yamuna river canal. Ground water

contamination if soak pit or ETP is not working properly.

Air emissions

Boiler stack releases air pollutant like PM (10, 2.5), SO2 and NOX

may causes loss of vegetation, health effect on community

residing nearby like respiratory, allergic diseases, Asthma, lung

disease etc. Odor generation may occur because of grain skin

removal, DDGS, sludge and fermentation.

Waste water

Wastewater will be generated from Boiler blow down, cooling

tower blow down, steam and process condensate, spent lees

from distillation. Ground water and soil pollution may occur if

directly disposed on the land. Surface water pollution may

occur if disposed of into the water body. Disposal of untreated

wastewater may causes health problems in the community,

change in physical and chemical properties of soil and water

which ultimately affects organisms present.

Noise generation

Noise may be generated from the operation of Boiler, DG sets

and other machineries / equipment. Occupational health

hazards can be to the Operators and other staff working in that

area.

Solid waste generation

Ash (Fly and bottom ash)

ETP sludge

Other non-hazardous waste like empty containers, batteries

etc.

Social environment

Employment generation

Development of road due to proposed project

No rehabilitation and resettlement required, hence no

negative impacts

No change in land use hence no negative impacts

2. Transportation of raw

material and Product

Air pollution due to emission of fugitive dust and

vehicular exhaust. It might cause health effect and loss of

vegetation of nearby area if not handled properly

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3. Handling and Storage of Raw

material

Ground water and soil contamination due to improper

handling of wastewater

Occupational risk due to spillage of raw material to the

surroundings if not stored properly

Air pollution due to generation of methane from

treatment process.

Risk of accident due to leakage and explosion

Risk associated with fire due to storage of fuel &Alcohol

4.2 Air Environment (Construction phase)

Source of pollution and its anticipated impacts:

Air and noise pollution due to dust emissions, noise due to excavation and vibration from

vehicles and road laying equipment

Change in land cover and local road

Risk of occupational injuries due to excavation work

Change in land cover due to excavation and removal of topsoil

Temporary job creation for excavation and site preparation work

Solid and hazardous waste generation due to spillage of raw material and oil

Possibility of ground water and soil contamination due to spillage of fuel and oil from truck

Due to hiring of vehicles and transport equipment / potential damage to village roads with

Occupational Risk associated with transport

Air pollution due to dust and exhaust gas emissions. noise emissions due to vehicular

movement

Contamination of soil due to leakage of fuel and oil from vehicles, mechanized tackles

Fumes due to welding activities and particulate emission due to machinery operation and

sometime high noise due cutting of different steel sections

Ground water contamination due to spillage of heavy fabrication waste material containing

heavy metals, coating material and paints

From all these activities, there is chance of occupation hazards like fall from height, burn

injuries, scratch on body, slipping on the ground and other incidences which can lead to

minor or major accident if not handled properly at initial stages.

Mitigation Measures:

Sprinkling of water on the haul roads and construction sites to suppress the dust emission

The vehicular impacts on the environment will be minimized by proper maintenance and

limitation on speed

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Use of Tarpaulin on the trucks to suppress the Dust emission during transportation of raw

material

Use of PUC/ RTO approved good condition Vehicles and proper maintenance

To avoid health hazards during construction phase, personal protective equipment’s will be

provided to workers as and when required

While bringing the raw material, it will be ensured that Trucks are filled and covered

properly to avoid the dusting and spillage of material.

The impacts on the ambient air quality during construction phase will be temporary and restricted to

project site. However, necessary mitigation measures like shutdown of machineries when not in

use, sprinkling of water, cover excavated/ construction materials by sheets, etc. will be taken.

Thus no adverse impacts on the surrounding environment are anticipated due to proposed

project.

Air Environment (Operation phase)

During operation phase emission from manufacturing processes will cause considerable impacts on

air, water and soil environment. Gaseous emission deteriorates the air quality, which ultimately

will affect other environmental parameters.

Main sources of air emission will be from the DG and Boiler Stacks. The fuel used for the

Boiler will be Indian Coal and Rice husk. The contents of Flue gas for Coal and Rice

husk/Lignin Cake

Air pollutants like SPM, SOX, NOx, CO2 , CH4& VOC’s will be emitted from manufacturing process

Dust generation is predicted from raw material transportation, storage and handling area.

Water will be sprinkled to suppress the dust.

During the operation phase of the proposed project, movement of goods vehicles, loading

and unloading operations may contribute to air emission.

Fugitive emissions like VOC from distillation columns, CO2 and ethanol from fermentation

process.

Odour will be probably generated from septic tank & ETP sludge.


Air emissions will be minimized to acceptable level by implementing the proper mitigation measures

as mentioned below,

Air pollution control equipment such as Bag Filter/ Cyclone will be used to minimize the

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stack emissions.

Bag filters and dust collectors will be used to minimize the particulate matter emission

Particulate matter, SO2 and NOx emission during transportation of raw material and product

are anticipated. It is assumed that 5-10 trucks will be coming at one time. However, this

would not lead to any tangible effect, as the expected emission volume is low. It would be

ensured that all the vehicles plying in the working zone are properly tuned and maintained

to keep emissions within the permissible limits. All the trucks, carrying various raw materials

will be covered with tarpaulin. At loading and unloading points, arrangement for Water

sprinkling will be made so that dust generation during transportation of materials is

minimized further.

Fugitive emissions are minor since fermentation and distillation are closed process.

Advance machinery will be utilized which ensures minimum leakages.

Adequate stack height i.e. 80-85 m will be provided for proper dispersion of air pollutant in

atmosphere.

33 % Greenbelt will be developed around the plant, at road side which will further reduce the

dust impact.

To reduce the odor from Fermentation Unit, ETP and Yeast sludge will be handled properly

and green belt shall be developed

Table 4.2: General composition of Rice husk, Rice straw and Indian Coal

Sr.

No.

Parameter

Rice

husk

(%)

Rice Straw

(%)

Indian Coal (%)

1. C 33.95 38.8 41.11

2. H2 5.01 6.7 2.76

3. N2 0.91 0.2 1.22

4. O2 32.52 38.8 9.89

5. S 0.09 0.2 0.41

6. Total moisture 10.79 10 5.98

7. Ash content 16.73 13.7 363

8. Volatile matter 56.46 65 20.70

9. Calorific value 3000 kcal/kg 3869

Kcal/kg

4,000 Kcal/kg

(Bureau of Energy Efficiency)

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4.2.1 Dispersion of Pollutants :

The objective of dispersion modeling is to predict the ground level concentration during the

operation of proposed plant and its impact on ambient air quality of the area. The impact on air

quality due to emissions from single source or group of sources is evaluated by use of mathematical

models. When air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into

surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air quality models are designed

to simulate these processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the

resulting downwind air quality. The inputs include emissions, meteorology and surrounding

topographic details to predict the impacts of conservative pollutants. The impacts of air pollutants

were predicted using Gaussian air dispersion model, which is selected on the basis of existence of

multiple point sources within the industrial complex and the plain terrain at the project site. The

Gaussian air dispersion model has been developed to simulate the effect of emissions from point

sources on air quality. Gaussian model is extensively used for predicting the Ground Level

Concentrations (GLCs) of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume sources. The impacts

of primary air pollutants are predicted using this air quality model keeping in view the plain terrain

at the project site.

The micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study period have been used in this

model. The Gaussian model provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at various receptor

locations. It is an hour-by-hour steady state.

Partial penetration of elevated inversions is accounted for hourly source emission rates, exit velocity

and stack gas temperature. Gaussian air dispersion models were used to estimate the ambient air

quality levels at different monitoring stations due to stack emissions.

Comparing the actual data and data generated from mathematical modeling, it highlights that the

stability condition E & A-B were predominant in the region. Using the estimated stack emission data

and wind speed directions, a mathematical model was prepared to establish the ground level

concentration in the region.

4.2.1.1 (a) Methodology

Prediction of GLC values are made by using Industrial Source Complex Short Term Model Version–3

(ISCST- 3) software approved by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This model uses a

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steady state, sector-averaged Gaussian plume equation for application in complex terrain (i.e.

terrain stack or release height) and is run using stability classes developed by Pasquill and Gifford.

Following are the assumptions made while using the model:

No dry and wet depletion of pollutants

Receptors are on flat terrain with no flag pole

Data Used for Computation

Stack emissions data have been used for prediction of short-term incremental GLC values of SO2

using the meteorological data collected at site during study period.

other meteorological data used is

Temperature

Relative humidity

Atmospheric pressure

Rainfall

As per wind rose diagram generated from data the predominant wind direction is Northwest to

south east

The details of boiler stack emissions load are given in Table 4.3 .

Table 4.3: boiler and Stack Details

Sr. No.

Description Flue gas emission

Boiler

1 Capacity TPH

2. Stack height above ground

80 - 85 m

3 Stack inner diameter 2.65 m

4 Material of construction (MoC)

RCC

5 Fuel used Rice Straw, Lignin Rich wet cake and Concentrated syrup

6. Fuel consumption Rice husk/ Rice Straw : 168 MT/day

7. Stack gas velocity 15 m/sec

8 Stack gas temperature 170-190 0C

9 Temperature of exhaust gasses

150-160 0C

10 Air pollution control equipment

ESP / Bag Filter, ID Fan, Chimney

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11 SO2 0.037 kg/sec

12 NOX 0.006 kg/sec

13 Emission Rate Max 100 mg/Nmᶟ

In the present case SO2 is an important pollutant, due to its emission in tune of 134 kg/hr, which is

in addition to emission of 1475 kg/hr from various operations in Panipat complex of IOCL. Hence,

SO2 becomes significant pollutants and other parameters are found to be insignificant.

4.2.1.1 (b) Dispersion Modeling Results The 24 hourly average ground level concentration (GLC) values from proposed plant have been

computed for SO2 considering topographical features around the proposed plant and applicable

stability classes. The maximum 24 hourly average GLC values for SO2 from Proposed plant are given

in Table

Table 4.4 Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC'S

Pollutant Maximum Baseline

Concentration (μg/m3)

Incremental Concentrations

due to Proposed Project (μg/m3)

Resultant Concentration(μg/m3)

CPCB Standard (μg/m3)

Distance

SO2 25.4 2.5 27.9 80 0.31 km

Towards

SE

The data reveals that with background SO2 concentrations, comprising of emission of SO2 from

entire Panipat Complex due to various activities and other ancillary/domestic anthropogenic

activities and proposed emissions from this project, there will be only incremental rise of 2.5 μg/m3

and GLCs found are well within CPCB standards for SO2.

With this marginal contribution due to the proposed project, the levels of SO2 will remain below the

24 –hourly ambient air quality standards for SO2 (80 μg/m3) prescribed by CPCB. The operation of

proposed expansion, will not likely to cause any significant impact on the ambient air quality of the

study area.

4.3 Water Environment (Construction Phase)

At the time of construction activities water will be required mainly for construction and domestic

use. It is estimated that maximum quantity of 20 KLD of water will be required for these

activities. The main source of pollution and their anticipated impacts are mentioned below:

Run off from construction site

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Domestic sewage about 2.5CMD

Health hazards due to unhygienic water


All identified impacts during construction phase will be negligible, temporary and restricted to the

plant boundary. Proper and effective mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize the

impact and ensure minimum effect on water resources. Proposed mitigation measures to avoid /

minimized predicted impacts are mentioned below:

Construction activities will be limited within project boundary. It will be ensured that

construction equipment are washed properly only at designated washing places to avoid

any unnecessary runoff at project site

Sewage will be discharged in a septic Tank

Drinking water and sanitation facilities will be provided to avoid unwanted impacts on

health and ground water during construction.

The wastewater generation during construction phase will not have any considerable effect on

water environment.

Water Environment (Operation Phase)

The required quantity of water for proposed plant and related activities will be from west Yamuna

river canal. The impact due to operation activities is Identified and mentioned below:

In the 2G process, process effluent will be discharged in the form of lignin rich wet cake and

concentrated syrup which will be burned in the boiler as a fuel under zero effluent

discharged designed philosophy.

The process condensate generate during evaporation is partly recycled to the process and

balance quantity will be treated in the process condensate treatment plant.

The capacity of process condensate treatment plant is designed to 1000 m3/day and water

recovered from the plant will be feed to Cooling tower makeup. The reject form the

treatment plant will be fed to evaporator under Zero effluent discharge design.

Each section of 2G Ethanol Plant has storm water collection pit with pumping system. All such

pits in the plant are connected through storm water collection & drainage network. During

monsoon, storm water for first 10-15 min will be transfer to Effluent Treatment Plant and then

it will be diverted to final storm water collection pit through storm water collection network.

The collected storm water is safely discharged into nearby channel.

Ref. Detailed Process condensate plant configuration and parameter given in Chapter 9

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4.4 Land Environment (Construction phase)

Site preparation activities shall change land use and land cover which will result in loss of

fertility of top soil and will change the natural terrain of the land. Fertile soil and nature of

terrain supports associated living of organisms. Change in land cover affects the specific

niche of the organism.

During site preparation change in land cover and land use was envisaged. However major

land and vegetation clearance will not occurred. Excavated top soil will be reused for

backfilling and in green belt development. Green belt development leads to favourable

changes in land cover. The greenbelt significantly helps to protect the land from erosion

and contamination.

Spillage & leakage of fuel as well as contamination of land due to spill of construction

material may impact the land to some extent.

There will be generation of garbage and sewage by the worker and other staff involved

during construction phase. Untreated sewage and garbage disposal on land might pollute

the land which may change physical and chemical properties of soil. Change in soil

properties ultimately affects the living organisms present in the soil. Open dumping or

improper disposal of sewage and garbage provides breeding ground for pathogenic

bacteria and other creatures which may spread diseases like Diarrhea, Infections with

intestinal helminthes (worms), Malaria, Typhoid and other infectious diseases.

Mitigation measures:

The construction activities like excavation for foundation, site preparation and vehicular

movements will definitely bring the changes in the landscape. However, these changes

shall be of short duration with no much impact. Excavated soil will be stored properly to

avoid the spread of wind-blown dust and shall be reused for backfilling and landscape

development.

Spillage & leakage of fuel will be prevented by providing well lined/ paved area for the

works having potential of leakage/ spillage of fuel or material. Hence contamination of

land due to spillage/ leakage of fuel or construction material with soil would not arise.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helminthiasis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helminthiasis

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Disposal of untreated sewage & garbage generated by workers & other staff will be

required in a systematic manner otherwise it will add into the contamination of land. The

sewage will be treated properly and garbage if any shall be disposed utilized to make a

composts to avoid the impact of these pollutant on the land.

Land Environment (Operation phase)

The potential sources of land or soil pollution could be the thin slop, which generates after the

distillation process. The associated impacts identified during the operation phase are

summarized below:

Ash from the Boiler

Sludge from fermentation and ETP

Table 4.5 Solid waste Management

ITEM UNIT VALUE SOURCE DISPOSAL

Solid Effluent

Mud

TPD 8 - 9 Wet Washing

The extraneous matter in the

form of sand/clay/stones/grit

coming along with the Rice Straw

will be removed in Wet Washing

unit as a mud. It is separated by

classification and collected in

trucks/tractor trolleys. As this

extraneous matter is coming from

the farms it will be sent back to

same farms for land application

Dewatered

Sludge

TPD 4.5 - 8.5 Process Condensate

Treatment Plant

Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based biological sludge. The sludge is generated from different biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate coming from Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol Plant. The collected sludge is subjected to dewatering action in solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure

Ash

TPD 120 -

130 Boiler

Ash from the boiler is collected

and conveyed into silo for the

storage. This ash will be

transported to Cement or Brick

Manufacturing Unit by means of

covered trucks.The ash analysis is

shared to Ultra Tech Cement,

Shree Cement, Ambuja Cement ,

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Nirman Cement and under

discussion The logistics will be

planned to avoid any stoppage of

the plant.


The plant will implement zero level discharge concept. The treated water will be recycled

in the process. Therefore, there will not be any negative impact on soil.

Boiler ash will be sold to the brick/cement-manufacturing unit.

The fermented sludge and sludge from ETP will be used as manure for the green belt.

Lignin rich cake - Separated from the Solid Liquid Separation and is used as a boiler fuel

along with supplementary fuel.

Other hazardous solid wastes will be sent to authorized recycler or vender.

Thus, the solid waste generated from the plant will be insignificant.

It is envisaged that there will not be any major impacts on land environment during the operation

phase as most of the effluent generated shall be reused in the process.

4.5 Noise Environment (Construction Phase)

Predicted noise pollution sources and its impacts during the construction phase:

Operation of construction machineries, equipment and associated mechanical works will

generate the noise.

Noise from Vehicular movement.

Noise level will be in the range of 70-85 dB(A) at receptor point from the associated work of

construction. This generation will be of temporary nature and limited up to project

boundary. The exposure of workers to noise of high decibel may cause hearing loss or other

occupational health hazards.

Noise pollution during construction phase is temporary and restricted to project boundary only.


Noise from Vehicular movement will be within the limit by implementing the policy of

maintenance of Vehicles and PUC.

Transportation of construction machinery or raw material shall be allowed only during

daytime to reduce the impacts of increased noise

The construction equipment / machineries shall be turned off when not in use

Loud horn of vehicles will not be allowed at project area. Regular maintenance &

lubrication of construction equipment & machineries will be undertaken to reduce the

noise generation.

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Adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) like ear muff, ear plug, hand gloves, gum

boots etc. will be provided to worker which helps to prevent occupation health problems.

Noise Environment (Operation Phase)

Ambient noise levels will be increased during operation phase due to machineries and other

industrial activities. However the impacts of noise during this phase will be confined within plant

boundary or within the source of generation.


Vibrating pads & acoustic enclosure will be provided to noise generating equipment to

control noise level within norms

Latest technology and utmost care will be taken at the time of equipment / machinery

installation

Lubrication of moving/ rotating part or component of machineries will be done on regular

basis

The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety gears will also

act as noise reducers.

Design and layout of building to minimize transmission of noise, segregation of

particular items of plant

The operator’s cabins (control rooms) will be properly (acoustically) insulated with

special doors with observation windows

The operators working in the high-noise areas will be provided with ear-muffs or plugs

Acoustic enclosures and silencers will be provided to the Equipment wherever necessary

Proper green belt will be developed to reduce the noise level

Thus, it is envisaged that there will not be any adverse impacts of noise. The greenbelt

developed within the premises will have significant beneficial impacts on reduction of noise

within the periphery and outside the boundary.

Impact from Transportation of Raw Materials and Finished Products

Transportation of raw material and products will be through National Highway 1. During the

operation phase, movement of goods vehicles and loading & unloading operations may

contribute to emission of pollutants. But with advanced and stringent traffic management

system within the project site, emission will be minimized. The site will be properly regulated

through strict and disciplined vehicular movement and operation in the project site. It is

recommended that good quality road network shall be developed within the premises so that air

pollution due to dust shall be minimized. It is assumed that maximum 80-90 trucks will be

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present within the premises for different activities. Hence, no much pollution or impact from the

Vehicular traffic is envisaged while plant is in operation.

However, IOCL ensures proper arrangement of transportation and their movement, and hence

this would not lead to any major impact as emissions from 80-90 trucks will be very low. All the

trucks, carrying various raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin. At loading and unloading

points, arrangement for water sprinkling will be made so that dusts generation during

transportation of materials will be minimized further. Estimated types of vehicle and its

frequency are given in Table 4.12.

Table 4.6: Types of vehicles, frequency on NH- near project site

Sr. No. Vehicle type Total

vehicles per

hours

1. Two wheelers 25-30

2. Four wheelers 100-120

3. Auto rickshaws 5-10

4. Light commercial vehicles 120-150

5. Heavy vehicles-truck buses 100-120

Based on the findings of Table 4.12, it is observed that there are no major traffic loads and no

major impacts on the surrounding environment due to SO2 and NOx emission. Proposed project

will be adding only 80-90 truck per day which will not cause any tangible effect on the traffic.

4.6 Biological environment (Construction Phase)

Loss of vegetation due to land clearance and due to deposition of dust on the leaves of trees.

However identified impacts would be temporary & restricted to the construction phase. Hence,

there will not be any adverse impacts on the ecology / biological environment due to the

construction of proposed project. On the contrary, there will be positive impacts due to the

greenbelt development as presently there are no trees within the specified land.

Biological environment (Operation Phase)

Impacts on ecology shall be from the following sources:

Flue gas emissions in the air will lead to increase in concentration of Particulate Matter,

Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. An increase in air pollutants may affect the

vegetation growth in and around the area

Dust emission is envisaged during material handling & transportation, which affects the

growth of vegetation.

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Disposal of solid / hazardous waste on land pollute the soil, which eventually affect the

vegetation To mitigate the above mentioned impact following mitigation measures will

be implemented:

Air pollution control equipment like Bag Filter, Cyclone will be provided to reduce the

emission of particulate matter

Well-designed material storage area as well as handling facilities will be provided to

prevent particulate emissions from the storage, handling & transportation activities.

Solid waste storage area will be designed as per the guidelines to avoid the leachate

percolation into the ground or water bodies

Greenbelt area will be developed in & around the plant premises and shall be

maintained properly.

4.7 Socioeconomic Environment (Construction phase)

Socio-economic profiles of the study area of the proposed project were studied. The results

indicate that proposed project will have very positive impacts on the local people in the form of

employment generation and socioeconomic improvement. The details of positive impacts on the

surroundings are mentioned below.

Very positive impact through direct employment generation to the locals

Positive impact as indirect employment will be generated to support the required

activities of the project during construction as well as operation phase. This will improve

the economic status of the people.

As the proposed project will be away from habitation no Rehabilitation & Resettlement

(R&R) will not be required.

Proposed project does not involve any cultural heritage site.

Vehicular movement and it pollution shall be avoided by allowing the transport activities

during day time only by using well-maintained vehicles.

It is concluded that proposed project would not cause any adverse impacts on the environment

during construction phase.

Socioeconomic Environment (Operation phase)

Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures due to project operation on socioeconomic status

are mentioned below:

Operation phase will required to employ direct and indirect manpower for various

activities of production, transportation, O & M of ETP, maintenance of plant and

machineries etc.

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During operation phase, no adverse impacts are envisaged.

Proponent shall undertake CSR activities like infrastructure development, health and

sanitation facility for local people so that socio-economic condition of the locals shall be

improved.

From the above findings, it is observed that there will be positive socioeconomic impact of the

project and will definitely help to uplift the economic status of the local people.

4.8 Impact Assessment Matrix

Impact matrix facilitates to identify components and phases of project activities for

determination of likely impacts. Matrix identifies the interaction between project activities and

environmental components using a grid like table. Entries are made in the cell which highlights

impact severity in the form of symbols or numbers or descriptive comments. The impact of

different project activities on various environmental components like biological environment, air

environment, aesthetics and socio-economic have been summarized in a form of a matrix in

Table4.13.

Environmental Pollution

Water: surface and ground water pollution

Air: Ambient air quality

Soil: Soil quality

Land: Change in land use pattern and topography

Biological Environment

Existing Flora and fauna

Aquatic Ecosystem

Socioeconomic Environment

Health and safety, cultural, aesthetic and economic aspects

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Table 4.7: Impact Matrix of Proposed Project

Pre-

construction

Construction Phase Operation and maintenance

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Environment

components

Project activity

Parameters

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Resources

utilization

Fuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0

Electricity 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Water 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0

Construction material

ex. Stone

0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Air Air Quality 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -2

Climate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Water Alteration of surface/

groundwater bodies

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2

Alteration of surface

run-off and interflow

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Alteration of HydraulicRegime 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Contamination 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -2

Soil/Land Soil erosion 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Contamination 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -3

Alteration of Soil

properties/ Soil Quality

0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -3

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Pre-

construction


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Environment

components

Project activity

Parameters

Lan

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Land topography 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Noise Noise pollution 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -

1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -2

Ecology Effect on trees, grasses,

herbs & shrubs

0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3

Effect on farmland 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Effect on aquatic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Effects on fauna ex. Birds,

butterflies,mammals etc.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2

Habitat change and removal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1

Introduce new exotic

species

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational

Health &Hazards

Health 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -3

Sanitation 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Socioeconomic Creation of new

economic activities

+1 0 0 0 0 +1 0 +1 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0

Commercial value of

Properties

+1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Generation of 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0

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Pre-

construction


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Environment

components

Project activity

Parameters

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temporary andpermanent

Jobs

Effect on crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1

Reduction of farmland

Productivity

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1

Income for the state

and private sector

+1 0 0 0 +1 0 0 +

1

0 +2 0 0 0 0 0

Savings in foreign

currency for the state

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 0 +1 0 0 0

Training in new

technologies and new

skills to workers

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+1

+

1

0

0

0

0

Political/social Conflicts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2

Land use change 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Aesthetics and human

Interest

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1

Cultural status 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Conclusion of impact matrix assessment

Proposed project will not have any significant negative impacts on the environment. In absence of

pollution control equipment, project will have high negative impact. Appropriate Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) nullifies all high potential adverse impacts. Moreover, implementation of

EMP helps to convert negative impact into positive impacts. Thus proposed project is certainly safe

from the environmental point of view.

Description Value

No /ZeroImpact : 0

Minor/ Negligiblenegative impacts : -1

Minor / Negligiblepositiveimpacts : +1

Significant negative impact : -2

Significantpositiveimpact : +2

High negativeimpact : -3

High positive mpact : +3

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CHAPTER 5

Analysis of Alternatives

5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the analysis of alternatives w.r.t site selection. A project of any nature consists of

various activities, which involve men, money and material. These activities may consume natural

resources and discharge wastes, which are likely to have serious consequence to the environment. A

number of alternative options may be available to carry out many of these activities. An option with

least or nil adverse environment impacts is to be selected. Critical analysis is therefore required for

selection of the right alternative. Alternative Analysis (AA) has been done for critical aspects of the

project.

M/s IOCL Panipat Refinery has proposed to install Ligno Cellulosic based 100 KLPD, 2G Ethanol

manufacturing plant at its existing premises of IOCL, Panipat, Haryana. While setting -up the proposed

project following parameters were kept in consideration.

5.2 Site Justification

a) Availability of Required Land

Total land available for plant is 34.66 acres of Gram Panchayat, Baholi, Panipat Refinery Road , Dist.

Panipat, Haryana.

b) Feed Stock source, availability.

The Feed Stock/agricultural wastes like rice straw, which is rich in lingo cellulose is available abundantly

can be easily procured from outside villages in the district.

c) Site approach

The site is having is connectivity forNH-1 at 10 KM, Panipat Railway station at 23 km

distance(approx.).

d) Topography / Nature of terrain

The existing site has plain topography and doesn’t require cutting or filling and subsequently doesn’t

entail much manpower and machinery.

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e) Availability of water

The plant will require 3000 m3 of water per day. The water will be drawn from the western Yamuna river

canals.

f) Environmental Considerations

The site selected is feasible w.r.t following listed points below:-

No forest land involved at site.

No cultivable land involved at site.

No requirement of cutting of trees.

No displacement of people

No defence installations.

Away from critically polluted area

Away from national park and wildlife sanctuaries

Away from tiger reserve/elephant reserve/turtle nestling grounds

Away from core zone of biosphere reserve.

Away from archaeological sites.

The project site fall in moderate seismic zone-III & IV

No occurrence of flood/ landslides in the project site area

The proposed project location is at the IOCL Land Panipat Refinery lying redundant adjacent to Panipat

Refinery. The proposed location is already having certain infrastructure like water tanks, buildings,

substations, roads, boundary walls etc. which will be refurbished/modified as per the new requirements

5.3 Alternative for risk reduction in industry:

Virtually all the health hazards common to industry may be present distillery plant, namely,

Chemical hazards (toxic, irritant sensitizing substances and possible carcinogens,

Physical hazards (noise, vibration, working at extreme temperatures)

Biological hazards (headache, respiratory problems lung diseases (specially pulmonary fibrosis,

bagassosis etc.)

Ergonomic hazards (manual handling activities, lumination, ventilation, workstations etc.)

Psychosocial hazards associated with the work atmosphere hours (Isolation, of work, tours, shifts, work

load and content, fatigue, etc all contribute to psychological stress

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The Risk Assessment (RA) of the units has been done to identify the key hazards and risks. By conducting

this type of RA it should be emphasized that the focus is on the major, worst-case, hazards and impacts

from surrounding area of these units, essentially in order to priorities the off-site risks and potential

impacts to the public.

Occupational risk, health survey and management, is carried out logically, systematically and

methodically of identifying, analyzing, assessing, mitigating, monitoring and communicating health risks

associated with an activity, function or process in a way that will enable organizations to control health

risk.

The management system for occupational health provides the framework for the process of identifying

hazards, assessing associated risks, taking action and reviewing the outcome. The objective is to prevent

occupational diseases and to promote the employee health. In occupational health, the deliverable is

the absence of occupational diseases resulting in a healthy and productive worker. Hence, all the

occupational risks will be mitigated at the IOCL.

Thus, there is no alternative requirement of site/additional land for the proposed activity as the IOCL

Panipat already have extra additional land with availability of all resources and required facilities.

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CHAPTER 6

Environmental Monitoring Plan

6.1 Introduction

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of

environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring

programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation

of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment.

Monitoring is an important for control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be

determined by monitoring. Usually, as in the case of the study, an Impact Assessment study is carried

over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human

activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to

take into account the changes in the environmental quality.

This chapter contains technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures and the

environmental management plan. It ensures the smooth execution of EMP and also monitors the

changes in the ambient environmental quality due to the proposed project. It includes laboratory and

other facilities monitoring facilities, environmental parameters to be monitored and data to be analyzed

and sampling location and schedule

A chemical or process industry in general produces solid, liquid and gaseous wastes, which are

discharged to the environment. The waste product may contain pollutants which may harm

environment. It is the responsibility of the industries to prevent or minimize the discharges of waste

products by adopting suitable control measures in the factory. The effectiveness of such measures is

ascertained by systematic monitoring of discharges at factory level and at receiving level. Monitoring of

various environmental parameters will be carried out on regular basis to ascertain the following:

(i) Pollution status within the plant and in its vicinity.

(ii) Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution.

(iii) Effectiveness of pollution control measures and control facilities.

(iv) To assess environmental impacts.

(v) To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical.

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6.2. Monitoring Plan

Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to

assess the status of environment during plant operation. The knowledge of baseline status and

monitored data is an indicator to ascertain for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to

operation of the plant. Based on these data, suitable mitigation steps could be taken in time to

safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of pollution control since the efficiency

of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The routine monitoring program as

indicated below will be implemented in the industry. A comprehensive monitoring program is

suggested.

Monitoring shall take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such

as amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate

or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient

environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical

indicators. Monitoring may include socioeconomic interaction, through local liaison activities or even

assessment of complaints.

The environmental monitoring during the operational phase of the proposed project is important to

assess the performance of pollution control equipment installed in proposed project. Hence, regular

monitoring of crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of

environment during plant operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring

programme can serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation

of the plant so as suitable steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment.

The sampling and analysis of environmental attributes including monitoring locations will be as per the

guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board/ State Pollution Control Board. Accordingly,

environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis at the new 100 KLPD ethanol plant to

assess the pollution level in the plant as well in the surrounding area with the following objectives:

To verify the impacts predicated due to the proposed project.

To identify the trends with time in the levels of parameters.

To check or assess the efficacy of the various pollution controlling measures.

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To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do

not become critical through the commissioning of proposed project.

Establish database for future Impact Assessment Studies for expansion projects.

Environmental Components that will be monitored :

Air quality;

Water and wastewater quality;

Noise levels;

Soil quality;

Ecological preservation and afforestation;

Socio-economic status and community development

Meteorology

Meteorological parameters such as wind, atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and rain fall

shall be monitored.

Gaseous Emissions and Ambient Air Quality

Both ambient air quality and stack emissions shall be monitored for pollutants such as Particulate

Matter, NOX and SOX. Monitoring will be done as per CPCB guidelines.

Continuous emission monitoring system will be installed in proposed project to monitor air quality.

Water and Waste Water Quality

All the effluents emanating from the plant should be monitored for their physicochemical characteristics

and heavy metals. In addition, ground water samples at downstream and up stream of the compost yard

shall be monitored on regular basis.

Online analysers will monitor key parameters of treated effluent (i.e, feed to RO)

6.3. Sampling Schedule

At construction phase, the proposed activity envisages setting up of Vessel, Tanks, establishment of

storage facilities. During operational stage, continuous CO2 emissions from biomethanation unit,

wastewater disposal, solid waste management need to monitored regularly.

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Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Action Plan for 100 KLPD Ethanol Plant

Environmental

Component

Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration /

Frequency

Implementation Supervision

Ambient Air Construction

Phase

PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOX ,

CO

National

Ambient

Quality

Standards

At the

installation

location

Continuous

24-hourly

once in six

months

Environmental Cell

of IOCL or NABL

approved

monitoring agency.

As, per CPCB/SPCB

requirements

IOCL

Operation

Phase

HC and VOC National

Ambient

Quality

Standard

Near both new

plant and old

plant

Continuous

24-hourly

once in six

months

Environmental Cell

of IOCL or NABL

approved

monitoring agency.

As, per CPCB/SPCB

requirements

IOCL

PM2.5, PM10, SOX, NOX,

& CO

Flue gas from Boiler

Chimney.

Stack emissions from

DG sets.

Vehicles Servicing &

PUC check.

National

Ambient

Quality

Standards

Near boundary

walls in upwind

and down wind

direction at Plant

Continuous

24-hourly

once in six

months

Environmental Cell

of IOCL or NABL

approved

monitoring agency.

As, per CPCB/SPCB

requirements

IOCL

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Environmental

Component


Frequency


Water Quality Construction

Phase

pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD

, Temperature

(As per IS: 10500:2012

for relevant

parameters).

As Water

quality

standards

(IS

10500:2012)

At the site, Six Monthly Environmental Cell

of IOCL or NABL

approved

monitoring agency

IOCL

Operation

Phase

pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD

, Temperature

(As per IS: 10500:2012

for relevant parameters)

In consultation with

PCB

As Water

quality

standards

(IS

10500:2012)

Within the site

(This is a ZLD

plant)

Six Monthly

Six Monthly

Environmental Cell

of IOCL Refinary or

NABL approved

monitoring agency

Environmental Cell

of IOCL or NABL

approved

monitoring agency

IOCL

IOCL

Noise

Measurements

Construction

Phase

Spot Noise Level

recording;

Leq(night), Leq(day),

Leq(dn)

Noise Level in dB (A)

As per

National Noise

standards

At the site of

installation,

24-hourly

measurement

, once

quarterly

during the

construction

phase

Environmental Cell

of IOCL or NABL

approved

monitoring agency

IOCL

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Environmental

Component


Frequency


Operation

Phase

Spot Noise Level

recording;

Leq(night),

Leq(day), Leq(dn)

Noise Level in dB (A)

As per

National Noise

standards

At site, Near

Pump house etc.

Roads, Trucks

Travelling areas

within the plants.

24-hourly

measurement,

once six

months

Environmental Cell

of IOCL or NABL

approved

monitoring agency

IOCL

Soil Construction

/

Operation

Texture, pH, electrical

conductivity, cation

exchange capacity,

alkali, metals, Sodium

Absorption Ratio

(SAR), permeability,

porosity.

As per

relevant parts

of IS: 2720,

“Indian

Standard

Methods of

Test for Soils”

Storage area,

open area

Six Monthly

Environmental Cell

of IOCL or NABL

approved

monitoring agency

IOCL

Green Belt Operation Number of plantation

(units),

number of survived

plants/ trees, number of

poor plant/ trees.

As per CPCB

guidelines

In and around

the plant site

Monthly Environmental Cell

of IOCL

IOCL

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Environmental

Component


Frequency


Occupational

Health

Construction

/ Operation

Health and fitness

checkup of

Employees/staff getting

exposed to

various hazards

As per Safety

guidelines and

OHSAS policy

At all the

locations

- Environmental Cell

of IOCL

IOCL

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Maintenance of Flora & Fauna

Approx. 33% of land will be developed into Green belt . Various plant species will be planted. There

growth and maintenance will be monitored monthly.

Waste Management

A waste management plan will be implemented that will Identifies and characterizes every waste

arising associated with proposed activities. It will also identify the procedures for collection, handling

& disposal of each waste arising. All the records of solid waste generation, treatment and Disposal

will be maintained. It will be monitored once in a week during operation phase.

Soil quality monitoring

3-4 locations will be selected for the organic and inorganic matter analysis of soil within 5 km radii

from the project site. The physico - chemical characteristics of the soil and fertility status will be

analysed once in the pre monsoon & post monsoon season or as per SPCB guidelines.

6.4 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan:

The costs involved for environmental monitoring will be considered in environmental management

plan which is Rs. 6 Lakhs/per annum.

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CHAPTER 7

Additional Studies: Risk Assessment and Disaster management Plan

7.1 Introduction Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an event or

sequence of events.

MCA stands for Maximum Credible Accident or in other words, an accident with maximum damage

distance, which is believed to be probable. MCA analysis does not include quantification of the

probability of occurrence of an accident. In practice the selection of accident scenarios for MCA

analysis is carried out on the basis of engineering judgment and expertise in the field of risk analysis

especially in accident analysis.

Detailed study helps in plotting the damage contours on the detailed plot plan in order to assess the

magnitude of a particular event. A disastrous situation is the outcome of fire, explosion or toxic

hazards in addition to other natural causes that eventually lead to loss of life, property and

ecological imbalances.

MCA analysis encompasses defined techniques to identify the hazards and compute the consequent

effects in terms of damage distances due to heat radiation, toxic releases, vapour cloud explosion

etc. A list of probable or potential accidents of the major units in the complex arising due to use,

storage and handling of the hazardous materials are examined to establish their credibility.

Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum

effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed.

7.2. Risk Assessment

Disaster is synonymous with 'emergency' as defined by the Ministry of Environment and Forests &

Climate Change (MoEF & CC). An emergency occurring in the proposed project is one that may affect

several sections within it and/ or may cause serious injuries, loss of lives, extensive damage to

environment or property or serious disruption outside the plant. It will require the best use of

internal resources and the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. It may happen usually as

the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures. It may also be precipitated by the

intervention of an outside force such as a cyclone, flood, earthquake or deliberate acts of arson or

sabotage.

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A properly designed and operated plant will have a very low probability (to a level of acceptable risk)

of accident occurrence. Subsequently, a properly designed and executed management plan can

further reduce the probability of any accident turning into an on-site emergency and/or an off-site

emergency.

The three main goals of risk assessment are

Identify risks,

Quantify the impact of the potential threats and

Provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the

Safeguard

7.2.1 Salient Feature of Risk Mitigation

(i) Design, manufacture and construction of buildings, plant and machineries will be as per

National and International Codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by

statutory authorities

(ii) Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel will be

made.

(iii) Minimum of two numbers of gates for escape during disaster will be provided In the

vicinity of main plant entrance, there will be an emergency assembly point where plant

personnel will assemble in the event of any disaster.

(iv) Adequate numbers of Fire Fighting equipment’s& Fire extinguishers will be installed in

the work places for emergency purpose and the Supervisors / Workers will be trained to

use the equipment.

(v) A qualified Doctor and a compounder will be employed for attending to any emergency.

7.2.2 Identification of Risks

For identification of risk due to proposed project, it requires in depth study of

Raw material

Process Risk

Storages

Operations

Maintenance

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Safety

Fire protection

Effluent disposal

A) Raw material

Rice straw will be used as a raw material to produce ethanol. In addition to raw material chemicals

like Acids, caustic solution, enzymes, yeast also required in the ethanol process. Chemicals required

in the utility like DM plant, cooling water system, etc stored in allocated areas.

B) Process / Operation

Operational risks are categorized below

Process hazards: Loss of containment during handling of hazardous materials or processes resulting

in fire, explosion, etc.

Mechanical hazards: Mechanical operations such as welding, maintenance, falling objects

etc. - basically those NOT connected to hazardous materials.

Electrical hazards: Electrocution, high voltage levels, short circuit, etc.

C) Boiler and associated areas

Particulars: Failure of safety devices, including pressure relief valves and interlocks:

The explosion is expected due to bursting of high pressure equipment like boiler, the water required

for boiler is pumped through high-pressure pumps, the high-pressure steam generated in the boiler

is sent process plant through the pipeline. Which have flanged joints, with sandwich gaskets in

between for better sealing. At times, due to water hammering this gasket fails and leads to bursting

of the flange joint.

Carrying out regular inspection and periodic safety certification of all safety devices compliance with

required rules and regulations of safety systems is necessary. It must be always ensured that the

pressure relief valves and interlocking arrangements as per standard design of equipment.

D) Potential exposure to electricity

Particular: The required power will be taken from the refinery and connected to distribution system ,

distribution panel, and control rooms in the ethanol plant. Follow up of standard operating

procedures and regular training on electrical safety.

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Ensure suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to classified hazardous areas

and protection against lightening protection and static charges. Adopting preventive maintenance

practices as per testing and inspection schedules. Ensure all maintenance and repair jobs with prior

work permit system. Use of personal protective equipment and ensuring compliance of the Indian

Electricity Rules, 2003.

Ensure all electrical circuits designed for automatic, remote shut down.

E) Fire incident

Particular: Rice Straw storage, electrical wearing and fuel handling area. Follow up of standard

operating procedures and suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to

classified hazardous areas and protection against lightening protection and static charges. Adopting

preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection.

F) Solid/ Liquid waste disposal

Particular: Ash generated from cogeneration plant, solid waste and effluent generated from ethanol

plant unit Standard operating procedures for disposal of ash need to be followed like isolated

disposal of hot ash inside the silo, use ash will sold, brick & cement manufacturing industries.

Effluent will be treated as per regulatory norms and treated water will be reused. Solid organic

waste generated from Ethanol plant will be used as manure. Regular monitoring will be carried out

as per schedule to avoid any kind of pollution

G) Health Risk

Particular: Exposure to toxic and corrosive chemicals Provision of secondary containment system for

all liquid corrosive chemicals fuel and lubricating oil storages. Constructing storage tanks and pipes

for toxic chemicals as per the applicable standards. Inspection and radiography will be followed to

minimize risk of tank or pipeline failure. Provision of protective equipment’s such as protective

clothing, goggles, safety shoes and breathing masks for workers working in chemical storage.

Provision of emergency eyewash and showers in the working area.

H) Safety risk

Particular: Ensure Workers Safety. Periodical SHE training of staff and contractor. Ensuring special

training to develop competent persons to manage specific issues such as safety from the system, risk

assessment, scaffolding, and fire protection, Training will include the proper use of all equipment

operated, safe lifting practices, the location and handling of fire extinguishers, and the use of

personal protective equipment. Ensure good housekeeping practices (e.g., keeping all walkways

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clear of debris, cleaning up oil spots and excess water as soon as they are noticed, and regular

inspection and maintenance of all machinery). Daily collection and separate storage of hazardous

and non-hazardous waste.

I) Force Majeure and Insurance coverage to the Project

Particular: Natural calamities like flood, earthquake, fire, and other act of God and Act of Man etc.

Mitigation: Complete plant need to be insured and also care has been considered while designing

and construction of the plant to minimize the impact. Third party Liability,

Workers compensation, Employers Liability, Legal and contractual liabilities, Loss of profit due to

interruption due to fire machine, break down, and related perils, Loss of profit due to loss of

generation are some of the other risk against which the mitigation measures have been considered

in the project by the way of insurance.

7.3. Fire and Explosion Index

Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Indexing (FETI) is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree of

hazard. In preliminary hazard analysis, chemical storages are considered to have Toxic and Fire

hazards. The application of FETI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and

quantification of the hazards in these areas. However, this does not provide precise information.

Respective Material Factor (MF),

General Hazard Factors (GHF)

Special Process Hazard Factors (SPH)

They are computed using standard procedure of awarding penalties based on storage

handling and reaction parameters.

It can be used to classify separate elements of plant within an industrial complex. Before indexing is

done, the plant is divided into plant elements. Depending upon the material in use, material factor,

number of parameters such as exothermic reactions, handling hazards, pressure of system, flash

point, operating temperature, inventory of flammable material, corrosive property, leakage points

and toxicity are taken into consideration in determining a plant/ equipment /operation hazard. A

standard method of awarding penalties and comparing the indices is used. However, this method

does not give absolute status of the equipment or section. Dow's Fire and Explosion Index (F and E)

is a product of Material Factor (MF) and hazard factor (F3) while MF represents the flammability and

reactivity of the substances, the hazard factor (F3), is itself a product of General Process Hazards

(GPH) and special process hazards (SPH). An accurate plot plan of the plant, a process flow sheet and

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Fire and Explosion Index and Hazard Classification Guide published by Dow Chemical Company are

required to estimate the FE & TI of any process plant or a storage unit

7.3.1 Computations and Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Index

The degree of hazard potential is identified based on the numerical value of F&EI as per the criteria

given Table 7.1

Table No. 7.1 Fire & Explosion Index

Degree of Hazard F & EI Range

Light 0-60

Moderate 61-96

Intermediate 97-127

Heavy 128-158

Severe 159-up

Risk Index (RI)

The risk categories can be expressed in terms of the Risk Index as given below.

Table No. 7.2: Risk Index

Category Risk index

Acceptable region <0

Low Risk 0

Moderate risk 0.67

Significant Risk 1.33

High Risk 2

Unacceptable region >2

Table No. 7.3: The Physiological Effects of Threshold Thermal Doses

Threshold Dose (Kj/m2) Effect

375 3rd degree burn

250 2nd degree burn

125 1st degree burn

65 Threshold of pain, no reddening or blistering of skin caused

Note:

1st degree burn- Involves only epidermis. Example sunburn. Blisters may occur.

2nd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis over the area of burn plus some portion of dermis

area.

3rd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis and dermis. Sub cutaneous tissues may also

be affected.

Table No. 7.4: Damage due to Incident Radiation Intensity

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Incident Radiation Intensity (KW/m2)

Type of Damage

37.5 Minimum energy required igniting wood at infinite long exposure (non piloted).

32.0 Maximum flux level for thermally protected tanks

12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic tubing etc.

8.0 Maximum heat flux for un-insulated tanks.

4.5 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover within 20 seconds. However blistering of skin (1st degree burns) is likely.

1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure.

0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation.

7.4. Consequence Analysis

Hazardous substance on release can cause damage on a large scale in the environment. The extent

of the damage is dependent upon the nature of the release and the physical state of the material. It

is necessary to visualize the consequences and the damages caused by such releases.

The quantification of the physical effects can be done by means of various models, which can then

be translated in terms of injuries and damage to exposed population and buildings.

Hazardous substances may be released as a result of a catastrophe causing possible damage to the

surrounding areas. The extent of damage depends upon the nature of the release. The release of

flammable materials and subsequent ignition results in heat radiation, pressure wave or vapour

cloud depending upon the flammability. It is important to visualize the consequences of the release

of such substances and the damage caused to the surrounding areas. An insight into physical effects

resulting from the release of hazardous substances can be had by means of various models.

Vulnerability models are used to translate the physical effects occurring in terms of injuries and

damage to exposed population and buildings

7.5. Risk Mitigation Measures

The materials handled at the proposed installation are inflammable and reactive substances and

based on the consequence analysis; the following measures are suggested as risk mitigation

measures. It should be ensured that combustible materials such as oiled rags, wooden supports, oil

buckets etc. are not kept in the storage and process areas as well as road tankers loading/unloading

sites where there is maximum possibility of presence of flammable hydrocarbons in large quantities,

to reduce the probability of secondary fires.

Smoke and fire detectors should be suitably located and linked to fire fighting system to

reduce the response time and ensure safe dispersal of vapours before ignition can occur.

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Training in fire fighting, escape action, operation of emergency switches etc. is vital.

Pump loading line failures also have possibility of causing major damage. Strict inspection,

maintenance and well laid down operation procedures are essential for preventing

escalation of such incidents.

Emergency procedures should be well rehearsed to achieve state of readiness.

7.5.1 Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency

Leaving aside earthquake, cyclone, flood, arson and sabotage, the possible emergencies that can

arise in the power plant due to operations and storages and handling of the fuels and gases are:

Explosion in boilers, turbo generators, transformers and hydrogen plant

Subsequent fire in the fuel handling area

Large fires involving the bagasse storage yard and bagasse handling areas

Accidental release of ash slurry

Accidental fire due to some other reasons such as electrical short circuit.

7.6. Methodology of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCA)

The MCA analysis involves ordering and ranking of various sections in terms of potential

vulnerability. The data requirements for MCA analysis are:

Flow diagram and P&I diagrams

Detailed design parameters

Physical & chemical properties of all the chemicals

Detailed plant layout

Detailed area layout

Past accident data

The MCA analysis includes Identification of potential hazardous process units, storage sections and

representative failure cases from the vessels and pipe lines

7.7. Factors Influencing the Use of Physical Effect Models

In order to calculate the physical effects of the accidental releases of hazardous substances the

following steps must be carried out in succession:

Determine the form in which the hazardous substances occur- gas, gas condensed

to liquid or as a liquid in equilibrium with vapour.

Determine the way in which the release takes place, above or below the liquid

level in a process unit or storage facility, instantaneous or continuous

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Determine the outflow volume (as a function of time) of the gas, vapour or liquid

in the event of liquid outflow, possible two phase outflow,

Determine the evaporation from the pool of liquid formed

Dispersion of the released gas or vapour which has formed into the atmosphere

A distinction has to be made between toxic and flammable substances. In the event of the incidental

release of toxic substances it is necessary to compute the concentrations of gas cloud (as a function

of time and place) spreading in the surrounding areas. In the case of flammable substances, the heat

radiation is computed for the following situations:

Torch, if vapours are ignited

Pool fire, if pool of liquid is ignited

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) which is a physical explosion

In the event of an explosive gas cloud the peak overpressure resulting from the explosion is

calculated and the damage contours are plotted. In the distribution model account is taken of the

atmospheric stability, the so-called Pasquill classes (A to F) and a wind velocity. The model is based

on a point source. In practice, however, a point source will never exist;

For example, a surface sources in the case of pools. To enable the source dimensions to be included

in the calculation in the dispersion models in spite of this, an imaginary (virtual) point source is

assumed, which is put back in such a way that the cloud area calculated according to the model has

the source dimensions at the site of the actual source. In calculations based on a continuous source,

the duration of the source is also included in the calculation. Some conditions for this calculation

model are as follows:

There must be some wind at the site, The model applies only to open terrain; allowance is made,

however, for the roughness of the terrain. The influence of trees, houses, etc. on the dispersion can

be determined by means of the roughness length.

7.7.1 Models for the Calculation of Heat Load and Shock Waves

If a flammable gas or liquid is released, damage resulting from heat radiation or explosion may occur

on ignition. Models for the effects in the event of immediate ignition (torch, pool fire and BLEVE)

and the ignition of a gas cloud will be discussed in succession. These models calculate the heat

radiation or peak overpressure as a function of the distance to the torch, BLEVE, the ignited pool or

gas cloud.

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7.7.2 Ignition of a Gas Cloud

If a flammable gas is not ignited directly, this cloud will spread in the surrounding area. The drifting

gas cloud will mix with air. As long as the gas concentration is between the lower and upper

explosion limit, the gas cloud may explode or give flash fire on availability of an ignition source. The

flammable content of a gas cloud is calculated by a three-dimensional integration of the

concentration profiles, which fall within the explosion limits. If the gas cloud ignites, two situations

can occur, namely non-explosive combustion (flash fire) and explosive combustion (flash fire +

explosion). The heat radiation from a flash fire is not calculated since the burning time is very short.

Models exist for the calculation of the peak overpressure in explosive combustion as a function of

the distance from the centre of the gas cloud.

7.7.3 Burning Torch

The out flowing gas on immediate ignition gives a burning torch. In this model, an ellipse is assumed

for the shape of a torch. The volume of the torch (flare) in this model is proportional to the outflow.

In order to calculate the thermal load the center of the flare is regarded as a point source.

7.7.4 Injuries resulting from Flammable Liquids and Gases

In the case of flammable liquids and gases on immediate ignition, a pool fire or BLEVE or a flare will

occur. The injuries in this case are mainly caused by heat radiation. It is only in the case of a BLEVE

that injury may occur as a result of flying fragments also. Serious injuries as the result of the shock

wave generally do not occur outside the fire ball zone. Fragmentation of the storage system can

cause damage up to distances of over 1 km. If the gas is not ignited immediately, it will disperse into

the atmosphere. If the gas cloud ignites, it is assumed that everyone present within the gas cloud

will die as a result of burns or asphyxiation. The duration of the thermal load will be too brief in case

of explosion to cause any injuries. In the event of very rapid combustion of the gas cloud the shock

wave may cause damage outside the limits of the cloud. Explosive combustion will only occur if the

cloud is enclosed to some extent between buildings and structures.

7.7.5 Damage Models for Heat Radiation

It is assumed that everyone inside the area covered by the fire ball, a BLEVE, a torch, a burning pool

or gas cloud will be burnt to death or will asphyxiate. The following probit functions are examples of

methods which can be used to calculate the percentage of lethality and first degree burns that will

accurate a particular thermal load and period of exposure of an unprotected body.

Lethality

Pr = 36.38 + 2.56 ln (t.q4/3)

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First degree burn symptoms

Pr = 39.83 + 3.0186 ln (t.q4/3)

Where, t= Exposure time in seconds,

q= Thermal load in W/m2,

Pr= Probit value, which relates to the percentage of affected people

For the exposure time, two values are chosen:

10 seconds: In a residential area, it is reasonable to assume that affected people

can find protection from the thermal load within 10 seconds.

30 seconds: This pessimistic assumption applies if people cannot directly flee or

no protection is provided to them.

7.7.6 Occupational Health &Safety (Construction Phase)

During the construction phase accident may occurs due to operation of equipment, vehicular

movement, construction activities etc. To minimize the occupational health hazards following

measures shall be taken

PPE like helmets, goggles, safety mask, ear plugs, safety shoes, etc. will be provided to

workers.

Training to worker will help to minimize the probability of accident to large extent.

Workers will get training considering their health aspects and hence the occupational

health and safety impacts can be controlled

Effective implementation of the mitigation measures, proper care and training for the

safety aspects will be followed which will controls occupational health or contagious

diseases.

Occupational Health &Safety (Operation Phase)

Occupational hazardous will be associated with following area

Workplace area involving production unit, distillation unit, Boiler section, raw material

handling area etc.

It is envisaged that occupational health hazards shall be associated with operational

activities such as spillage and exposure to the chemical, mechanical hazards like cuts and

hits and electrical shocks.

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Accident due to fall from height, burn injury and trap in the machine or motors during

operation. All these above mentioned impact or risk associated with various operational

activities of the plant shall be mitigated by implementing the following measures:

All safety signs will be placed at proper location.

First aid kits will be made available at every department

Pre-employment Medical check-up and periodical medical check-up shall be undertaken

to know the occupational health hazards at the early stage.

Work permit system will be introduced to avoid the entry or un-authorized working to

avoid the incidences which can lead to the accident if proper care is not taken

All arrangement required for Fire hydrant system shall made at every vulnerable

location to have the fire fighting facility.

Apart from above, all required Fire Extinguishers shall be provided at appropriate locations

All staff and workers will be trained in fire fighting operations and emergency

preparedness plan or to tackle the accident

Apart from all engineering control measures, if required necessary PPEs shall be

provided as last protection measures to the employees.

Good housekeeping also plays important role in avoiding the undesirable incidences /

accidents, hence good housekeeping practices will be employed throughout the Factory

premises.

All workers are provided with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE). The air & noise

levels are regularly monitored and they are within permissible limits (Refer Chapter 3)

The workers working in high noise level generating area shall undergo audiometric test

once in a six months. Proper designing of building, work area, good ventilation, good

exhaust system & air circulation, relieving from thermal stress, provision of relaxation

facilities. Isolation to specific areas, Rotation of workers/shifts to avoid continuous

exposure, Enforcement & encouragement to use PPE is practiced

7.8 Safety Equipment Table No. 7.5 : Fire & safety facilities with Proposed project

Particulars Nos

DCP Type 5 Kg Fire Extinguisher 20

DCP Type 10 Kg Fire Extinguisher 10

CO2,Water type ,Capacity 9 lit 5

Mechanical Foam Type, Capacity 9 lit 5

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7.9 Risk Reduction Measures

The following opportunities will be considered as a potential means of reducing identified risks

during the detailed design phase:

Buildings and plant structures designed for cyclone and seismic events (where appropriate),

to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing for storage of

dangerous goods;

Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and critical process

water;

Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic and storage

and stacking locations;

Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to facilitate safe access

to fixed and mobile plant;

Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded areas as per

relevant standards;

Containment of hazardous materials;

Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of prohibited items,

and control of onsite traffic; and

Development of emergency response management systems commensurate with site specific

hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).

Surrounding population (includes all strata of society) should be made aware of the safety

precautions to be taken in the event of any mishap within the plant. This can effectively be

done by conducting the training programs.

Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line

Fire extinguishers should be tested periodically and should be always kept in operational

mode

A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site so that in an emergency the

wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population caution.

Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies A detailed HAZOP

and Fault Tree Analysis should be carried out before commissioning of any new installation.

7.10 Disaster Management and Emergency Plan

IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) will be a new growth oriented center around district.

Such unit can pose threat of danger / hazard due to storage of hazardous materials. Distillery plant

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also poses electrocution, fire, and explosion hazards. When the full fledge activity of Ethanol Plant

will gear up it will have to follow Factories Act 1948 & Haryana Factories Rules 1963 with all

amendments till today and any directives from Director Safety, Health & Environment [SHE] will

automatically be binding on IOCL Panipat . In such condition to appoint a qualified Safety Officer is a

must & will be an adequate, wise step in such direction. On site and off site disaster control plans

and their perfect implementation will be part and parcel of the management & such safety officer.

To lessen the probability of hazard to occur & avoid the consequent damage, a disaster management

and control plan has to be worked out for whole complex in anticipation to the threat.

7.11 Type of Disaster at IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) complex

Disaster can occur as on site or off site variety i.e. disaster on campus or disaster in nearby area

causing indirect damage to site area & the complex. Disaster may occur due to two categories,

natural and manmade calamities. Natural calamities cover Flood, , Earthquake, Heavy mist, fog, hail

storm.

Manmade calamities involve Fire & Explosion, All types of leakages & spillage, Electrocution,

excavation, construction, erection, Sabotage, rail & road accidents, Mass agitation, Looting, Morcha,

war.

The identified hazardous areas in the complex are

1. Boiler area - Explosion

2.Electrical rooms - Fire and electrocution

3. Transformer area - Fire and electrocution

4. Cable - Fire and electrocution

5. Storage facilities – Fire / spillage for feed stock storage and fuel Ethanol

Considering various probabilities the management & safety department has to create safety

awareness & preparedness in all employees and people in vicinity area in case of any sort of

emergency to occur & a chalked out attempt to surely overcome the disaster in time. This includes

preparation of on site and off site disaster control plans, their mock drills at least 2 times in a

calendar year, reports for the same to DISH & due amendments for the perfect implementation.

7.12 Level of accident

If there is any disaster in any part of plant/work place due to any reason the level of accidents from

damage point of view may vary. Accordingly accident prevention program will have to be initiated by

safety department simultaneously.

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7.13 Critical Targets during Emergency

Level - I Accidents

Under this level disaster may happen due to electrocution, fire explosion, oil spillage and

spontaneous ignition of combustible material. This level has probability of occurrence affecting

persons inside the plant. Various hazardous areas identified in section 6.3 are potential areas to be

affected due to level – I accidents.

Level - II Accidents

Disaster of this level can occur in case of sabotage and complete failure of all automatic control /

warning systems, in case of fire in Biomass storage area and ethanol storage tank. However,

probability of occurrence of this is very low due to the proposed adequate security training, and

education level of plant personnel for the captive power plant.

7.14 Site Emergency Control Room (SECR) & Site main controller

In each segment of work from domestic level to war fighting team level approach always helps.

If concerned man is aware of his duty at his place & need of the time he can complement to huge

task of lessening the damage of the disaster. To overcome the emergency in its occurrence it is the

strategy to get prepared in advance, plan for the team effort, educate others and reduce all effects

of disaster.

In case of any disaster main responsibility lies with the Chairman and Board of Directors, where they

can nominate one fellow to be responsible person who will be Chief incidence controller. In case of

disaster key person like Chief engineer, Chief chemist, Distillery manager will be the site main

incidence controller and will commence respective duties in that capacity to curtail the emergency &

minimize the losses may be occurring.

People in all departments can assist to contact external persons, district, state & central authorities,

hospital & ambulance contact, evacuation if needed for people in the vicinity with assistance of state

transport buses. People from maintenance department can help to rectify the fault in system.

Security persons assist in fire fighting & material movement operation to avoid losses. It is utmost

necessary to plan the control plan & to involve all staff in factory to get any sort of external help /

assistance in time to lessen all sorts of damage.

To assist the disaster control more effectively a site emergency control room (SECR) will be

established at the plant site. The SECR may be provided with following sections:

All site plant layout

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List of important telephone numbers of Chairman & Directors IOCL Panipat , Chief Engineer,

Chief Chemist, Distillery Manager, Administration Manager.

Telephone numbers of near by Gram Panchayat, & District collector, State transport depot

office, District & local fire brigade station, home guard, civil defence, N.C.C. unit, State crisis

group, , CGO complex, MoEF, New Delhi

All material handling & incoming vehicle traffic to be stopped temporarily.

All out going lines to be used to contact above authorities.

Captive power plant layout showed with inventories and locations of fuel

Hazard identification chart, maximum number of people working at a time, assembly

points etc

List of village and their population in the vicinity of proposed Distillery plant

Public address system like loud speaker, battery operated speaker, sirens,

Whistles, batteries, signaling flags etc.

Rechargeable and battery operated torch lights and invertors.

Tie up with nearest hospital for medical assistance and facility for stretchers, chairs etc.

List of registered medical practitioners in vicinity.

Study map showing various villages and towns in the vicinity of distillery plant.

Muster Roll of all present employees.

Note pads and ball pens to record message received and instructions to be passed to

concerned persons

The blow up copy of Layout plan showing areas where accident could occur.

Accident mock drill for at least 2 times in a calendar year is to be a part of routine

exercise. The report bf such drill has to be submitted to DISH for his information & approval.

7.15 Disaster Preventive Measures

The proposed power plant will have following preventive measures to avoid occurrence of

disasters:

(i) Specification & marking of safe area to gather in emergency.

(ii) Design, manufacture and construction of plant, machineries and buildings will be as per

national and international codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by statutory

authorities.

(iii) Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel shall be kept.

(iv) Minimum two numbers of gates to escape during disaster shall be provided.

(v) Proper colour coding for all process water, air & steam lines will be done.

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(vi) Proper insulation for all steam & condensate, hot water lines will be done.

(vii) Provision of circuit breakers, isolation switches, signals will be provided as per electricity act &

rules.

(viii) Proper & rigid bonding and earthing to all equipment will be arranged.

(ix) Meager value of earthing connections will be checked each 6 months and the same record will

be available.

(xi) System of fire hydrants comprising, of electrical motor driven fire pumps is planned. The fire

hydrant system will have electrical motor and a generator driven jockey pump to keep the fire

hydrant system properly pressurized.

(xii) Automatic water sprinkling system is planned for all transformers.

7.16 Fire Fighting Arrangements

In addition to the existing Fire Fighting System, separate Fire safety system is planned to be installed

for 100 2 G ethanol Plant, which will cover its following sections :

1. Feed stock storage & Material Handling & Milling

2. Wet Washing & Pretreatment Section

3. Enzymatic Hydrolysis

4. Co- Fermentation

5. Distillation

6. Solid Liquid Separation

7. Effluent Treatment section

8. RS Storage Tank (In existing Alcohol storage section)

9. Fire Fighting System

10. Cooling Towers

11. Labs and Control room.

12. Office and Admin Buildings

Fire system will be designed primarily as per TAC guidelines. Fire safety system includes:

a) Hydrant System with water cum foam monitor for the Complete Plant

b) Wet Riser System for Milling, Pre-treatment, Solid Liquid Separation/Filter Press, Fermentation

and Distillation

c) Suitable Fire Alarm & Detection system for the Complete Plant

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The existing RS tank will be used to store RS produced from the 100 KLPD plant and will be equipped

with necessary fire safety systems.

7.17 Location Type Of Fire Extinguishers-

Cable galleries: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

High voltage panel: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

Control rooms: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

MCC rooms: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

Pump houses: CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder

Offices & Godowns: Foam or Dry chemical powder Type

Crushers house: CO2 Type, Foam Type dry chemical powder

Feed stock storage and Feeding , Milling - CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder

7.18 Recommendations

The fire tender, which will be part of project with following minimum firefighting arrangements shall

be procured:

Water tank - 2800 m3

Foam tank - 45 litres

Fire extinguishers – 45 nos

7.19 Alarm System to be followed during disaster

On receiving the message of ‘Disaster from Site Main Controller, fire station control room attendant

will sound Siren ‘WAVING TYPE’ for 5 minutes. Incident controller will arrange to broad cast disaster

message through public address system. On receiving the message of “Emergency Over” from

incident Controller the fire station control room attendant will give “All Clear Signal” by sounding

alarm straight for two minutes. The features of alarm system will be explained to one and all to

avoid panic or misunderstanding during disaster. It is necessary to take one trial for perfect

functioning of the siren at least once in one week with prior intimation to Panipat District Collector.

7.20 Public Hearing

Public Hearing for proposed project Ligno- Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant (100 KLPD) fuel grade ethanol

plant of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. at Gram Panchayat Baholi , Panipat Refinery Road , district

Panipat, Haryana has been conducted on 27th March, 2019 at 11.00 am in the plant premises of M/s

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd,. Panipat in accordance with EIA notification issued by MoEF&CC vide S.O.

1533, dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent amendments. The Draft EIA Report along with

Executive summary in English and Hindi were made available for the public at the various

government offices. The press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing was

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issued by Member secretary, Haryana State Pollution Control Board in one of the widely circulated

national level newspapers on 23/02/2019 in “YugMarg” & Janpath. Copy of News paper notice is

enclosed as an Annexure-III.

7.20.1 Details Of Public Hearing Proceedings

Public Hearing Panel:

1. Ms. Sumedha Kataria – Chairperson

I.A.S. Deputy Commissioner, Panipat

2. Shri. Bhupinder Singh

Regional Officer, HSPCB, Panipat

At the outset Shri. Bhupinder Singh welcomed the chairman of public hearing committee and public.

He explained Provision of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended in 2009 by the Ministry of

Environment, Forest & Climate, Govt. of India under which the public hearing was held.

He informed that the project proponent had submitted application for conducting public hearing to

Haryana State Pollution Control Board. Accordingly, a public notice of public hearing was adverted in

“YugMarg” & Janpth on 23.02.2019. The copies of EIA Report with Executive summary were made

available at various notified offices government.

Environment Consultant of the Project Proponent explained in detail about the proposed project

and also explained about the pollution and environmental aspects of the proposed project and the

measures to be taken by the project proponent along with the environment management plan in

brief prepared by them for the project and impact of the project on environment along with control

measures/steps.

After the presentation, Regional Officer, HSPCB, Panipat called for the

objections/suggestions/questions to seek information or clarification on the project by the public

and the following questions/objections/suggestions raised and information/clarification sought on

the project, environment related issues by the participants and reply given by the Representatives &

Environment Consultant of the Project Proponent and other concerned are given below:

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Table 7.6 Public Hearing Compliance.

Sr. No. Name of the person with address

Questions/Suggestions /Comments

Response given by Project Proponent

Proposed Budget Timeline

1. Shree. Jonny

R/o Village-

Dadlana

What are the provisions

of CER (Corporate

Environment

Responsibility) in the

proposed project?

Project Proponent

replied that there is

provision of Rs. 7 crore

for this and same will

be used after

discussion with the

Head of the nearby

villages. .

7 Crore It will be complied as per guidelines.

2. Shree. Sanjit

R/O Village

Murthal

Mr. Sanjit objected that

all local contractor pays

less than minimum

wages to the labour.

Project Proponent

replied that the wages

of the labour of the

IOCL Panipat are

credited directly in to

the account of the

labour.

Additionally Deputy

Commissioner Panipat

replied that now a days

the wages of the labour

are credited directly in

Not applicable Not applicable

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to the account of the

labour for the

transparency and if

there is any specific

compliant, the same

may be submitted to

the concerned and

action will be taken

against such

contractors.

3. Shree.

Bhupinder

Singh,

Regional

Officer,

HSPCB,

Panipat.

How much water will be

used in the proposed

project? Whether new

Effluent Treatment Plant

(ETP) will be installed or

existing ETP will be used

for the treatment of the

waste water generated

from the proposed

project?

How much of the water

quantity will be taken

from underground

water and what are the

provisions of water

recharge in the

proposed project?

We also suggest to

Project Proponent

replied that 125 m3 /hr.

of the water will be

used and new ETP of

adequate capacity will

be installed to treat the

waste water generated

from the proposed

project. Moreover the

effluent will be

recycled in the plant

after treatment .

Proposed project is

based on Zero Liquid

Discharge (ZLD).

The water will be taken

from nearby Irrigation

Canal for the proposed

27.02 Cr Will be completed on June 2021

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install Piezo-meter for

regular monitoring of

the underground water

table in the proposed

project.

project and water will

not be extracted from

the underground

water. Moreover water

harvesting tanks will be

provided in the

proposed project .

Project proponent

agreed with the

suggestion.

4. Shree Vikas

R/O Panipat

Where the generated

bio-gas will be utilized?

Project Proponent

replied that the

generated Bio-gas from

the proposed plant will

be utilized in the Boiler

as fuel.

Not Applicable Not Applicable

5. Shree. Rajesh

R/O Vllage

Balijatan

What are the provisions

proposed for the parking

of vehicles as the

tractor-trolley and

trucks of the stubble will

come in the proposed

plant?

Project Proponent

replied that specific

parking will be

provided for the tractor

– trolley and trucks to

carry stubble in the

proposed plant

@ 50 Lacks Will be completed on June 2021

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Deputy Commissioner, Panipat told that the suggestions will be taken care & asked the public that

they can also submit their objections or queries, if any, personally in his office and action will be

taken for the same.

Thereafter, with the permission of Deputy Commissioner , Panipat, Regional Officer, HSPCB , Panipat

had declared the public hearing to be concluded and ended with a vote of thanks.

Copy of Public hearing minutes attached as annexure- IV.

Fig 7.1:Photogrphs of Public Hearing

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CHAPTER 8

Project Benefits

8.1 Introduction

Project benefit focused on those points which become beneficial to the surrounding area or

community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development, boosting employment and

other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed activities in form side benefits.





reduction of 3-4 % ( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12

million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.

8.1.1 Economic Importance:





consumption is expected to touch 440 billion litres of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol

produced from lingo cellulosic raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of

gasoline could be between US $ 8 billon -10 billion per year. Which is approximately 52,800 Crores

to 66,000 Crores Indian rupees.

8.1.2 Social Importance


farmers and biofuels business economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated

by selling agricultural crop residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and

sugarcane trash, etc.) and the rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value

chain will result in distributed economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be

consumed locally replacing fuel purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would

have been spent in procuring the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be

injected into the local economy or country.

This will have positive impact on the growth of India’s gross domestic product. Successful

implementation of this technology will create hundreds of thousands of direct and indirect jobs in

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India in the entire value chain from collection of lingo cellulosic biomass to processing into bio-

ethanol in small and medium manufacturing plants and finally marketing and selling of ethanol to oil

marketing companies.

8.1.3 Environmental Importance

This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility


The CO2 reduction of 3-4 % ( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to

12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible. The new blended fuels will help in maintaining cleaner

environment due to reduction in emissions.

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CHAPTER 9

Environmental Management Plan

9.1 Introduction

Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a system to address potential adverse impacts, to instruct

project proponent to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project activities.

EMP is a site specific document for the project, to ensure that the project will be implemented in an

environmentally sustainable manner and where all concerned persons of the industry as well as

contractors, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and

take appropriate actions to properly manage such risk.

Detail description of identification of pollution sources and its assessment are mentioned in chapter

IV i.e. Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures. This delivers details EMP for identified impacts.

9.2 Objectives of EMP

1. To control the pollution parameters by implementing environment management plan for air,

water, noise, soil & pollution.

2. To ensure occupational health & safety by adequate risk & hazard management

3. To comply with all the regulations stipulated by Central/ State Pollution Control Boards related to

applicable laws.

4. Contribute to sustainable development.

5. To plan CSR activities to take care of stakeholder engagement.

9.3 Environment Management Plan for Construction Phase

Anticipated environmental impact due to proposed project during construction phase has been

discussed in chapter IV.

Below mentioned environmental management plan shall be implemented to mitigate adverse

impact of the proposed project.

Minor vegetation clearance will be required at site and very little soil excavation at the

project site will be required. However identified impacts would be temporary & restricted to

the project boundary. Excavated will be covered with tarpaulin sheet to avoid dust in

ambient air.

During transportation of materials trucks will be covered to avoid particulate matter in air.

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Regular sprinkling of water around vulnerable areas of the construction sites from trucks or

through use of water sprinklers or any other suitable methods, to control dust as and when

required.

Green belt area will be developed as per CPCB guideline to reduce air and noise pollution

impacts during construction.

Well maintained construction equipment’s and machinery will be used to minimize the air

pollution and noise pollution impact.

Use of vehicles with PUC certificates and regular maintenance of vehicles/ machineries and

shall be undertaken.

All construction machineries will be turned off, when not in use.

Night time construction activities and vehicular movement will be restricted.

Personal Protective Equipment’s like ear muffs or ear plugs, masks etc. will be provided to

workers who will have exposure to high noise.

First Aid facilities are available in existing plant and same will be used for construction

workers during construction phase.

All necessary infrastructural services like water supply, sewerage, drainage facilities and

electrification will be provided as per requirement.

Necessary drainage facilities shall be implemented via inclusive of catch pits or

sedimentation basins for efficient drainage of construction wastewater.

Drainage network will be properly channelized. Storm water drainage will be developed

properly. This network will be checked & maintained regularly.

9.4 Environment Management Plan For Operation Phase

IOCL Panipat 100 KLPD Ethanol plant proposes comprehensive environment management plan to

combat pollution arising due to project activity. Detailed EMP is described in subsequent below

mentioned points.

9.4.1 Air Pollution Management

It has been observed that the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SOX and NOX are well within

the prescribed limits as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The major sources

of air emissions from the proposed projects include nonpoint sources emissions and point

source emissions.

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The major sources of air emissions from the proposed projects will include flue gas emission,

process emission and vehicular emissions. Flue gases/ stack gas emission details are given in

Table 9.1 below.

Other than the above sources, fugitive emissions from tank vents, venting of equipment

during operation and maintenance are expected and are insignificant.

The emissions from the boiler are passed through Cyclone and bag filter before releasing

into atmosphere through stack. The stack heights of 80 - 85 m will be provided.

fly ash will be sold to brick/cement manufacturer.

Vehicular pollution measures will be undertaken by use of vehicles with PUC certificates and

regular maintenance of vehicles/ machineries.

Table 9.1: Stack emission details

Sr. No.

Description Flue gas emission D.G. Set Emissions

Boiler Fermentation Process

Condensate Treatment Plant

1. Capacity TPH - - kVA

2. Stack height above ground

80 - 85 m - - As per CPCB norms

3. Stack inner diameter 2.65 m - - -

4. Material of construction (MoC)

RCC - - -

5. Fuel used Rice Straw, Lignin Rich wet cake and Concentrated syrup

- - Diesel

6. Fuel consumption Rice husk/ Rice Straw : 168 MT/day

- -

7. Stack gas velocity 15 m/sec - - -

8. Emission rate <100 mg/Nmᶟ - - -

9. Stack gas temperature

170-190 0C - - -

10.

Temperature of exhaust gasses

150-160 0C - - -

11.

Anticipated pollutant (Flue Gas): CO2: 550 – 580 TPD SPM : 0.35 -0.45 TPD O2 : 350 – 370 TPD SOX : 2.4 to 3.2 TPD N2 : 2650- 2800 TPD

CO2 : 2600 – 3800 TPD

CH4 : 78-72 TPD

PM, SO2& NOX

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NOX : 0.3-0.5 TPD H2O : 570-600 TPD

12.

Air pollution control equipment

ESP/ Bag Filter, ID Fan, Chimney

Scrubber Scrubber/ Flared at safe location

Exhaust vent

Fly Ash :The ash will be sold to fly ash brick/cement manufacturer.

ESTIMATED EMISSIONS FROM PROCESS BOILER -

A. Indicative flue gas emission rates and composition

Estimated total flue gas at stack outlet based on boiler vendor : 1,62,000 – 1,75,000 kg/hr

@ 160 Deg. C i.e.1,35,000 – 1,45,000 nm3/hr.

Table 9.2: Theoretically Estimated Ash Analysis (Dry Basis)

Sr.No. Description Value

(%)

1 Silica SiO2 68 – 70

2 Alumina Al2O3 0.50 – 1.0

3 Iron Oxide Fe2O3 1.15 – 1.50

4 Sodium Oxide Na2O 4.0 – 6.0

5 Calcium Oxide CaO 10-12

6 Copper Oxide CuO 0.01 – 0.02

7 Potassium Oxide K2O 3.0 – 4.0

8 Chromium Cr2O3 0

9 Bromide Br 0

10 Sulphates AsSO3 2.5 – 3.0

11 Chlorides As Cl 5.0 – 5.5

12 Magnesium Oxide MgO 5.0 – 6.0

13 Phosporous Oxide P2O5 0.3 – 0.5

14 Mangaese Oxide MnO 0.1-0.2

15 Zinc Oxide ZnO 0.03- 0.04

16 Vanadium Pentoxide V2O5 0.01

17 Titanium TiO2 0.02 – 0.03

9.4.2 Noise pollution management

Construction work will be carried out during day time only.

The workers working near noise production machineries will be provided with ear plugs.

Construction equipment and vehicles will be maintained in good running condition.

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Noise producing machinery will be placed in acoustic enclosures/ acoustic rooms to reduce

the noise levels.

Workers working near noisy area will be provided with ear plugs/ suitable PPE.

Roads will be maintained in good condition to reduce the noise due to traffic.

Green belt will be developed in and around the project site which will help to reduce the

noise pollution.

9.4.3 Waste Water Treatment

The plant will require 3000 KLD water in operation phase. It will be drawn through nearby Yamuna

river canals.

Table 9.3 Water Consumption details

Particulars m3/hr MT/hr

Water consumption for process plant 16

DM Water consumption for boiler 28

Net fresh Water make up to cooling tower (after using recycle

water)

68

Miscellaneous water consumption- Drinking, washing, etc 10

Steam 48

Approx 2450 - 2550 KLD of Spent wash from the distillation is feed to Solid Liquid Separation to

remove wet cake. The liquid from solid liquid separation feed to evaporation to concentrate to 60%

w/w syrup. The concentrated syrup and wet cake will be burned in the boiler as a fuel. The water

recovered from evaporation will be partly recycled back to process and balanced treated in treated

water plant.

Intermediate Spent wash holding tank @ 5600 m3 is considered in the plot plan. MOC of the tanks is

CS with epoxy. During CIP of evaporation, spent wash will be transfer to this tank and same will be

consumed during evaporation. Adequate no of piezometers will be provided at strategic locations.

Online analyzers will monitor key parameters of treated effluent (i.e, feed to RO)

Below given is the water balance scheme:

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Figure 9.1: Water Balance Scheme

Figure9.2 : ETP Process Flow Diagram

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Table9.4 : Overall Effluent flow & Values

PARAMETER UNIT VALUE

STREAM A B C D E F G H

Name of the

stream

Process

Condensate

AHR

Treated

Effluent

Aerobically

Treated

Effluent

Sludge

Handling

(Ref.note

3)

Biological

Treated

Water

RO

permeate

RO reject to

Evaporation Biogas

Effluent Flow

rate

m3/da

y 698- 1008 698-1008 698-1008 3 - 8 698 - 1008 558- 807 140 - 201

2400-

3800

pH 3-4 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 NA

Total Dissolved

Solids mg/L 100 6000 6000 6000.00 6000.00 <240 <34000-38000 NA

Total

Suspended

Solids

mg/L <50 <500 <50 100000-

150000 <10 <1 <70 NA

COD mg/L 12000 <3000 <250 NA <250 <1700 NA

BOD mg/L 7000 <1400 <30 NA <30 <200 NA

Temperature Deg.C 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35

MO Alkalinity

as CaCO3 ppm

<82 - -

Calcium

Hardness as

CaCO3

ppm - - - - - <96 - -

Total Hardness

as CaCO3 ppm - - - - - <132 - -

Mg Hardness ppm - - - - - <36 - -

Sodium ppm - - - - - <13.2 - -

Potassium ppm - - - - - <5 - -

Chlorides ppm - - - - - <16 - -

Sulphates ppm - - - - - <58 - -

Reactive Silica

as SiO2 ppm - - - - - <15 - -

Total Iron as Fe ppm - - - - - <0.1 - -

Note: The dewatered biological sludge will be used for gardening and horticulture. Biogas generated

will be cold vented or safely flared. RO reject will be feed to Multiple Effect Evaporation system and

RO permeate can be mixed with treated raw water

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9.4.4 Land Environment/ Solid hazardous waste management

ITEM UNIT VALUE SOURCE DISPOSAL

Solid Effluent

Mud

TPD 8 - 9 Wet Washing

The extraneous matter in

the form of

sand/clay/stones/grit

coming along with the

Rice Straw will be

removed in Wet Washing

unit as a mud. It is

separated by classification

and collected in

trucks/tractor trolleys. As

this extraneous matter is

coming from the farms it

will be sent back to same

farms for land application

Dewatered Sludge

TPD 4.5 - 8.5

Process

Condensate

Treatment Plant

Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based biological sludge. The sludge is generated from different biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate coming from Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol Plant. The collected sludge is subjected to dewatering action in solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure

Ash

TPD 120 - 130 Boiler

Ash from the boiler is

collected and conveyed

into silo for the

storage. This ash will be

transported to Cement or

Brick Manufacturing Unit

by means of closed trucks

. The ash analysis is

shared to Ultra Tech

Cement, Shree Cement,

Ambuja Cement , Nirman

Cement and under

discussion. The logistics

will be planned to avoid

any stoppage of the plant.

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9.4.5 Greenbelt development

Development of greenbelt in and around an industrial complex is an effective way to attenuate air

pollution. The degree of pollution attenuation depends upon height, width, foliage, surface area of

leaf and density of species etc.

Greenbelt will be developed as per CPCB guidelines. Green belt will be developed in premises of

project and as well as in nearby plots in Panipat complex. Layout showing greenbelt is given in Figure

below.

The objectives of the proposed greenbelt development will be,

Mitigate impact due to dust emissions

Control and assist to mitigate odour and air pollution impacts

Create an aesthetic environment

Enhance the bio-diversity of the vicinity

Prevent soil erosion and surface run-off

While planning and designing greenbelt, its various functions will be considered and they are-

Spatial-visual separation of larger parts of the premises

Entrance and roadside greenery helps in separating the main industrial structures

Provision of greenery along all interior pedestrian network Selection of plant species

will be based on the following characteristics Fast growing

Thick canopy cover

Perennial and evergreen

Large leaf area

Preferably Indigenous

Resistant to pollutants and should maintain ecological balance for soil and geo

hydrological conditions of the region.

Approximately more than 1000 tree will be planted. For green belt development plant species will

be selected according to CPCB guidelines and pollutant tolerance capacity of specific tree. Large

trees will be planted along the boundary of the project and planted in the initial phase of

construction. Shrub and medium growing trees will be planted along the road side. Plantation inside

the project boundary will be done after completion of inside construction. Tree plantation

specification for location and numbers are given in Table below List of recommended tree species

for greenbelt development is given in Table

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Figure 9.3 : Green Belt Development Plan/Layout

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Table 9.5: Tree plantation specifications

Sr.

No

Location Type Tree

density

Trees

interspacing

1. Boundaries of small

units, landscape area

Shrubs, small and medium trees 20 4 x 4 m

2. Boundaries of units medium to large size trees 7-10 5 x 5 m

3. Road sides Large size trees 5-6 20-25 m

Table 9.6: List of tree species recommended for greenbelt development

Sr. No. Botanical Name Local name Type Significance

1. Acacia nilotica sub species

indica and tomentosa

Babul T Dust tolerant

2. Anthocephalus kadamba Kadamba T Dust tolerant

3.

Azadiracta indica

Neem

T

Fly ash tolerant, tolerant of alkaline and

saline soil, common in the area, reduce

noise Pollution.

4. Bauhinia purpurea Kanchan T Dust tolerant

5. Bauhinia variegata - T Dust tolerant

6. Casurina equisetifolia Suru T Tolerant of sandy soil

7. Emblica officinalis Avala T -

8. Erythrina indica Indian

Coral Tree

T Tolerant of CO2

9. Eucalyptus species Nilgiri T Tolerant of sandy soil, SO2

10. Ficus glomerata Cluster fig tree T Tolerant of CO2

11. Ficus religiosa Peeple T Tolerant of CO2

12. Ficus benjamina Weeping

fig

-

13. Tamarindus indica Tamarind T Tolerant of alkaline/Saline soil

14. Michelia champaca Champak T Ornamental

15. Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka T Suspended Pollutant controlling

Plant/Other Ornamental plant

16. Millingtonia hortensis Indian cork T Ornamental plant

17. Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu T -

18. Aegle marmelos Bel tree T -

19. Butea monosperma Palash T Help to Reduce Noise Pollution

Table 9.7: Flowering and foliage shrubs recommended for greenbelt

Sr. No Flowering plant (Shrubs)

1 Hibiscus spp.

2 Ceasalpinia spp.

3 Ixora Spp.

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4 Tabernaemontana divaricata (Tagar)

5 Calliandra haematocephala (Powder

puff)

6 Nerium oleander (Nerium)

7 Allamanda cathartica (Alamanda)

8 Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbago)

9 Hemalia petans

10 Vinca rosea

11 Cestrum nocturnum (Night Jasmin)

12 Canna indica

13 Chrysanthemum indicum

14 Duranta species

15 Euphorbia pulcherima

Year wise plantation planning

The plantation programs have to be implemented in phase wise manners in three tires

around the Plant. To ensure the effective plantation, a four year plantation programs

with number of tree/ shrubs species has been proposed and described below:

Description End of 2019 End of 2020 End of 2021 End of 2022

Number of

plants

150 trees 400 (Tree-250)

(Shrubs-150)

350 (Tree-100)

(Shrubs-250)

250 (Tree-100)

(Shrubs-150)

Plantation

priority

First Tire-

Around the

project

boundary of

the site

Second tire-

Around the

project

boundary of

the site

Third tire-

Inner layer of

project

boundary,

Along the road

side

Second

Tire-

Around the

units

Plantation of

grasses

Grass belt will be developed gradually after completion of construction

work.

Total 1150 plant species (Tree- 600 Nos.& Shrubs- 550 Nos.)will be planted in entire four

year plantation program. Required nutrients/ water/ manure and protection mess shall be

provided. Water requirement for the proposed greenbelt will be met from rainwater

harvesting tank.

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9.4.6 Odor Management Plan

Anticipated odor generation sources will be skins of grain, Fermentation unit, Septic

tank, Yeast storage & ETP sludge.

Following controlling measures will be implemented to avoid the odour problem:

All the aspects of odour control will be adopted in designing phase.

To prevent odour problems, skin of crop will be removed quickly to sell.

Fermentation unit will not cause any odour problem since it will be carried out in

closed system.

ETP and Yeast sludge will be used as manure in greenbelt.

Proper operating condition will be maintained.

Proper housekeeping will be maintained.

Greenbelt will be developed in and around the plant premises.

9.4.7 Management of traffic

The site has good connected toNH-1.

There will be enough space for movements of vehicles and parking.

The traffic management on the project site will be easily and smoothly

monitored without any hindrance to the regular flow of traffic on the main road.

Flow of traffic is eased out by providing adequate entries and parking areas.

9.4.8 Rain Water Harvesting

Objectives of rain water harvesting systems are,

To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table.

To beneficiate water quality in aquifers.

To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon.

To reduce soil erosion

Rain water harvesting is an important activity to conserve the rainwater for reuse and thus

reducing the overall raw water consumption for the plant requirements. Rain water

harvesting aids in meeting the non-potable purposes of water usage in the plant like,

Water for gardening purposes

Water for sprinklers that are used for dust suppression.

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9.4.9 Storm water collection and discharge system

Storm Water Drainage System: Each section of 2G Ethanol Plant has storm water collection

pit with pumping system. All such pits in the plant are connected through storm water

collection & drainage network. During monsoon, storm water for first 10-15 min will be

transfer to Effluent Treatment Plant and then it will be diverted to final storm water

collection pit through storm water collection network. The collected storm water is safely

discharged into nearby channel

Water harvesting potential- Typical water harvesting system is given below -

Figure 9.4: Rainwater harvesting system

9.4.10 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

For the proposed project, action plan for the implementation of OHSA Standards as per

OSHAS/USEPA is as shown below:

Display of Occupational Health & Safety Policy;

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To comply with statutory legal compliance related to the OHC dept.;

Develop Onsite and Offsite emergency plan as Emergency Procedures to respond to

Potential Emergencies;

Schedule Regular Emergency Evacuation Drills by active participation and evaluation as and

when drill planned by safety department;

Six monthly periodic medical examinations of all workers working with the hazardous

process;

Reporting of all incidence and accidents by Accident & Incidence Reporting System;

Investigation of all incidence and accidents by Investigation Report System;

MSDS of all chemicals of company;

Review of first aid facility;

Preparing first aider & its information at work place;

Identifying training needs of all the departments;

Awareness of Occupational Hazards & General health promotional in workers by conducting

lectures for occupational health hazards in annual planner at training centre;

Up-keep of ambulance & OHC by maintaining records

Health

In order to provide safe working environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene, the

following measures will be undertaken:

Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the plant employees as per

OSHA requirement and specific medical examination.

All the employees shall be trained in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) aspects related

to their job.

Exposure of workers to noise, particularly in areas housing equipment which produce 85

dB(A) or more will be monitored by noise decimetres. Audiometric tests are also done at

periodic intervals for all the plant employees.

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Regular (6 monthly) periodic medical checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at

hazardous processes is done as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.

9.4.11 Socio economic development

Major CSR activities during FY 2015-16:

Sanitation: construction of toilets in govt. Schools

Environmental sustainability : installation of solar panels in govt. Schools

Expansion of education : providing furniture in all govt. Schools of nearby villages

Healthcare : organizing medical camps in neighbouring villages

Youth employment : skill development programmes in nearby villages

Science &innovation: setting up of library and science labs in govt. Schools of neighbouring

villages

To promote environmental sustainability, Installation of Solar panels at 4 Govt. schools of

Kachrauli, Sithana, Khora kheri and Barauli.

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Figure 9.5: Medical Camps organized for benefit of people in neighboring villages

Figure 9.6: IOCL Provided Furniture in Govt. Schools of nearby villages

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Figure 9.7: IOCL helped Setting up of Maths& Science Labs at Govt. schools

9.4.12 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC)

It is an integrated cells to co-ordinate the project activities which are concerned with

implementation of environment control measures and management. Main aim of EMC is effective

implementation of environment management system. The EMC will monitor the general and

preventive maintenance of pollution control system/ equipment undertaken by the maintenance

department to achieve optimum efficiency of the control equipment’s and to maintain the quality

environment.

Figure 9.8: Hierarchical of EMC

Responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell

The EMC has the responsibility to supervise or undertake the monitoring of various

environmental parameters by periodical monitoring and analysis of effluent, air, water and

noise quality to abate the pollution and also to ensure that whatever control or preventive

measures are implemented are working as per the requirement.

Greenbelt maintenance: Monitoring the growth of the greenbelt in and around

the plant so that required measures can be recommended in time.

Environmental monitoring: EMC will ensure that pollution is well below the

prescribed limits or there is no much difference between the present

concentrations and baseline data. If wide difference is observed then to initiate

required corrective action either by optimizing the treatment process or by

providing equipment or improving the performance of existing pollution controls

equipment will be undertaken. In case the monitored results of environment

pollution indicate parameters exceeding the prescribed limits, remedial actions will

be taken through the concerned plant people. The actual operation and

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maintenance of pollution control equipment’s will be the responsibility of

respective department head or a plant in charge.

Legal and statutory compliance: EMC will also be responsible to look after

preparation of environment statement report, carrying out environment audit,

preparation of Water Cess return and consent application etc. under various Acts

and Rules applicable as mentioned below:

The provision of, the water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974,

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981

Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement)

Rules, 2010

The Environment Protection Act,1986.

Documentation: The cell will also be responsible for maintaining the records of

data, documents and information in line with the legislative requirement and will

regularly furnish the same to the concern statutory authorities.

POST CLEARANCE MONITORINGPROTOCOL

After grant of environmental clearance by the EAC(IND2), MoEF&CC, the half yearly

compliance reports will be submitted in hard and soft copies to the concerned regional

MoEFCC office on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year with respect to EC

conditions.

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST

Estimated cost of EMP is Rs. 3507 Lakhs

Table 9.8: EMP BUDGET

Table 9.8 : Capital & Operating expenditures for environment protection measures i.e EMP

Sr. No Description Capital Cost

(Rs. in lakhs)

Recurring Cost

(Rs. in lakhs)

1. Air Pollution Control 525 25

2. Water Pollution Control ETP (PCTP , OSBL ETP) 2703 135

3. Solid waste Management 150 7

4. Environmental Monitoring & Management - 6

5. Noise pollution control –Acoustic Enclosure for DG Set 9 1

6. Rainwater Harvesting 75 7.5

7. Occupational Health 10 2

8. Greenbelt development 35 3.5

Total 3507 187

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Major potential environmental impacts from proposed project will be from solid waste generation,

wastewater generation, ground water exploitation and flue gaseous emissions. However an

effective environment management plan reduces level of significant impact on the environment.

IOCL will implement effective occupational health and safety measures. Hence, proposed project

will be environment friendly and safe.

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CHAPTER 10

Summary and conclusion

Project Title: Environmental clearance for lingo-cellulosic 2G ethanol plant

Schedule: Distillery , (Category A).

IOCL Panipat proposes to install new 100 KLPD cellulosic non-food biomass (Agri waste) based

second generation advanced technology.

The proposal was submitted on 20/02/2018 on MoEF web portal. The project obtained Standard

terms of reference (ToR).

Project Location: Grampanchayat Baholi, Panipat refinery road, Panipat -132140 ,Haryana

(Latitude: 29°27'46.42"N, Longitude: 76°52'29.52"E)

The proposed 100 KLPD capacity Plant will utilise agricultural crop residues (stubbles, straw, plants)

and other Lignocellulosic feed stocks to produce Absolute Alcohol.

Process involved at the plant: Biomass storage, Material handling, Milling ,conveying and wet

washing, Pre-treatment , Enzymatic hydrolysis, Co-fermentation, Distillation, Dehydration, solid

liquid separation, Evaporation, process condensate treatment plant.

Total Area: 34.66 Acres

Power Requirement: 13000 KWH

Water Requirement - The plant will require 3000 KLD water in operation phase. It will be

drawn through nearby Yamuna river canals.

Man Power Construction Phase - 22 months varied from 25 to 1325

Manpower for Operation Phase 35 per shift

Solid waste: The solid waste generated from the plant will be insignificant.

The baseline study & environmental monitoring was done from 1st December 2016 to 28

February 2017. The environmental baseline was done for Air Quality, Surface and Ground

Water Quality, Soil characteristic, Flora and Fauna, Socio- Economic condition of the nearby

population data of study area in Panipat, Haryana region. No Ecological sensitive,

Archaeological Monuments, Wild Life Sanctuary, National Park, Critically polluted areas

were found in 5 KM radial distance around the plant.

IOCL already has developed robust safety management plan. All offsite and onsite plans are

reviewed regularly. Mock Fire drill test are conducted periodically.

In light of the Corporate Social Responsibility program under CSR initiative scheme of the

Corporation, Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) in the project area will be undertaken as

per Government of India guidelines.

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Occupational Health Measures: Regular Health check-up of labours will be provided week

for periodic health monitoring. Periodical assessment of the status of health of the

employees, environment, drinking water, canteen hygiene and other welfare facilities will

be checked. Cleanliness of toilets, washing/bathing facilities and extermination of rodents,

pests, flies etc is ensured.

Post Project Monitoring Plan: IOCL will monitor the Air, Meteorological, Noise, Water,

periodically through an approved laboratory as per SPCB guidelines.

Project cost: 700 – 748 Crores INR.

This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and ful fill its responsibility


The CO2 reduction of 3-4 % (over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to

12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible. The new blended fuels will help in maintaining cleaner

environment due to reduction in emissions

Conclusion

Major potential environmental impacts from proposed project will be from solid waste generation,

wastewater generation, ground water exploitation and flue gaseous emissions. However an effective

environment management plan reduces level of significant impact on the environment. IOCL will

implement effective occupational health and safety measures. Hence, proposed project will be

environment friendly and safe.

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CHAPTER 11

Disclosure of Consultants

The consultant engaged and the brief description of the key personnel is furnished below.

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company &

leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company. We are the first firm to be accredited

by NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an

EIA Consultant. We are equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National

Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology,

Government of India.

Since establishment our focus is on sustainable development of Industry and Environment based on

sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most important is satisfying customers

need. The company has successfully completed more than 100’s projects of variety of industries, in

the field of pollution control. We are also dealing in the projects of waste minimization and cleaner

production technology. Our team of technocrats and scientists are well experienced to deal with the

Designing, Manufacturing, Fabrication, Installation and Commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater

Treatment Plants, Sewage Treatment Plants, Combined Treatment Plants.

We are having a well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after our well-

equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of physical, chemical and biological

parameters as per the requirements of the State Pollution Control Board and our clients.

11.1 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited

11.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water, Soil, Ecology,

Socio Economic and Demography etc;

Environmental Monitoring

Socio Economic Studies

Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan

Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies

Ecological Impact Assessment

Environmental Management Framework

Solid Waste Management

Hazardous Waste Management

Internship & Training

11.1.2 TURNKEY PROJECTS

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Water Treatment Plants

Sewage Treatment Plant

Recycling & Water Conservation Systems

Zero Discharge System

Other Services

Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants

Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals

Pilot Plant studies

Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates

11.1.3 LABORATORY DIVISION

Chemical Testing

Environmental Testing

Microbiological Testing

Food Testing

METALLURGICAL TESTING

Mechanical Testing

Chemical Testing

Corrosion Testing

11.2 Sectors Accredited By National Accreditation Board For Education And Training (NABET) &

Certificate for the same is attached on the page no. 145

1. Mining of Minerals (Opencast only)

2. Thermal Power Plants

3. Mineral Beneficiation including Pelletisation

4. Metallurgical Industries ( Ferrous& Non Ferrous)

5. Petroleum refining industry

6. Chlor-alkali Industry

7. Leather/skin/hide processing industry

8. Chemical Fertilizers

9. Textile – cotton and manmade fibres

10. Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries

11. Distilleries

12. Sugar Industry

13. Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals

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14. Airports

15. Industrial Estates/ Parks/Complexes/Special Economic Zones

16. Highways/Railways/Transport terminals/Mass rapid transport system

17. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)

18. Common Municipal Solid Waste Management facility (CMSWMF)

19. Building & Construction Projects,

20. Townships & Area Development Projects

11.3 Study Team

ABC Techno Lab India Private Limited has been carried out this Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact Assessment, Air

& Water pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology & bio-diversity, Land use,

Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio-Economic planner and team members were

Name Role

Mr. Abhik Saha EIA Coordinator ,FAE – Water Pollution

Dr. Chaitanya Sathe FAE – Water Pollution

Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan Functional area Expert – Land Use, Water pollution, Hydrogeology

Dr. N. Sukumaran Functional Area Expert – Ecology & Biodiversity

Dr.Thillai Govindarajan

Functional Area Expert – Hydrogeology and Geology

Mr. M. Senthil Kumar

Functional Area Expert – Risk Assessment & Hazard management

Mr. V.K Gautam

Functional area Expert – Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling& Prediction

Mr. R. Rajendran

Functional area Expert – Air Pollution, Prevention and Control of Pollution and Noise

Mr. SushilMeshram Functional Area Expert – Socio-Economic

Mr. Sameer Zope

Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis

Ms.DakshataKumbhar Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis

Ms.Asawari Dotihal Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis

Mr. SatyawanUpale Field Technician

Mr. SakharamNare Field Technician

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ANNEXTURE I

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