Environmental Impact 2

8/12/2019 Environmental Impact 2

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ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS

BY:

AZIM, PIJAN, AFIQ, FAIZ, HAZIQ, EVA,

MIA, SYAMIRA, LYANA


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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM

AND ENVIRONMENT

Three aspects of tourism-environment relationship :-

Many features of the physical environment are attractionsfor tourists.

Tourist facilities and infrastructure constitute one aspect ofthe built environment.

Tourism development and tourist use of an area generateenvironmental impacts.

Approach to tourism planning :-

Environmental approach

Applying integrated planning strategies

Adopting policies to reduce extreme seasonality of tourismuse

Carefully organizing and controlling visitor use of touristattractions


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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM

AND ENVIRONMENT

Three types of related environmental concerns in developing

tourism

Prevention or control of environmental impact generated

The need for continuous management of theenvironmental resources for tourism

Maintenance and where necessary, improvement of the

overall environmental quality of the tourism areas


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TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS

POSITIVE IMPACTS

Conservation of important natural areas (national parks, marine parks)

Conservation of archeological and historic sites and architectural

character (Malacca, Penang)

Improvement of environmental quality

Enhancement of the environment (attractive hotels, visitor attractions)

Improvement of the infrastructure (roads, telecommunications)

Increasing environmental awareness (observing the tourist)


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TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS

NEGATIVE IMPACTS

Water pollution (improper sewage disposal system for hotels, resort

etc)

Air pollution (combustion vehicles, carbon emissions)

Noise pollution (airplanes, motor boats, amusement parks) Visual pollution (poorly designed hotels, other tourist facilities, ugly

advertising signs)

Waste disposal problems (littering of debris; picnicking)

Ecological disruption (erosion, trees being cut by hikers)

Environmental hazards (mud slides, floods and avalanches due to

poor land use planning)

Damage to archaeological and historic sites (graffiti, vandalism)

Land use problem (hotel too close to beaches, urban sprawl)


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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Consideration of overall environmental quality includes not only

control of the environmental impacts from tourism development but

also minimizing all types of environmental problems in tourism areas

The environmental quality of tourism areas should be evaluated

according to certain factors as part of initial surveys of the tourism

area


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FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED DURING THE SURVEY:

Air quality

Quality of domestic water supply

Quality of underground water

Noise level

Cleanliness of public places

Landscaping

Building design and maintenance


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Urban design

Signs

Functional land use and transportation patterns

Congestion levels

Open space, parks and conservation areas

Scenic views

Environmental diseases


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ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND IMPACT

CONTROL MEASURES

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES

Use tourism basic approach as a technique for environmental

conservation and maintenance of overall environmental quality

A physical planning technique that has been emphasized is to

concentrate tourist facilities in certain areas

Saturation levels and overloading of the environment and infrastructure

occurs only during seasonal peak tourist use periods

Apply the concept of modeling to protect fragile archaeological and

historic sites from excessive visitor use.


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ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND IMPACT

CONTROL MEASURES

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CONTROL MEASURES (TECHNIQUE)

Installation of water supply and sewage disposal systems

Development of electric power systems

Use of proper solid waste disposal techniques Construction of adequate drainage systems

Development of adequate road and other transportation systems

Provision of open space and parks and generous use of suitablelandscaping

Application of land use zoning regulations with suitable developmentstandards and good site planning principles

Careful management of visitor flows and, application of visitor usecontrols at natural and cultural tourist attractions


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ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND

IMPACT CONTROL MEASURES

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CONTROL MEASURES(TECHNIQUE)

Application of suitable architectural design standards and useof building materials for all structures

Prevention of linear commercial development along roads andshorelines

Application of appropriate design standards and control of thelocation and size of the signs

Requirement for undergrounding of utility lines in tourismareas

Control of littering through tourist and general public educationand placement of litter receptacles

Proper maintenance of tourist vehicles

Establishment of control on ship bilge cleaning operations anddumping of garbage


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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT (EIA APPROACH)

The EIA format will vary from one place to another, but typically it

includes social and economics factors

Very useful technique to ensure that environmental impacts of

proposed projects have been taken into consideration with

preventive and necessary adjustment

Likely to use the environmental planning approach to avoid having

later modify to their plans

The approach to evaluation of environmental as well as sociocultural

impacts being widely utilized now is to view them as costs and

benefits


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EIA MODEL

Environmental impact checklist:

Air pollution

Surface water pollution

Ground water pollution

Pollution of domestic water supply

Noise pollution

Solid waste disposal problem

Damage or destruction of flora and fauna

Ecological disruption and damage (land and water)


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EIA MODEL

Land use and circulation problems within the project area Land use and circulation problems generated by the project in

nearby areas

Pedestrian and vehicular congestion in general and a peak periods

Landscape aesthetic problems (building design landscaping, signs,etc.)

Environmental health problems, such as malaria

Damage to specific important and attractive environmental features

Generation of erosion, landslides, and similar problems

Likelihood of damage to the project from natural environmental

hazards


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END OF CHAPTER 12

Environmental Impact 2

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