Environmental feasibility of biogas and biodiesel as fuel ...regpalzs/ppt_pdf/Selma...
Transcript of Environmental feasibility of biogas and biodiesel as fuel ...regpalzs/ppt_pdf/Selma...
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
1 5432
Which are the future propulsion options?
MGO LNG Biodiesel Biogas/LBG ?
Environmental feasibility of biogas and Environmental feasibility of biogas and Environmental feasibility of biogas and Environmental feasibility of biogas and biodiesel as fuel for passenger ferries biodiesel as fuel for passenger ferries biodiesel as fuel for passenger ferries biodiesel as fuel for passenger ferries
–––– a case studya case studya case studya case study
SETAC LCA Case Study Symposium, 28 of February – 1 of March, Budapest
Selma Bengtsson, PhD student, [email protected],Chalmers University of Technology
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Shipping is efficient...Shipping is efficient...Shipping is efficient...Shipping is efficient......per transported mass cargo and distance for most types of vessels, but not always at high speeds and at low fill rates.
(Buhaug et al., 2009)
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
But, shipping still But, shipping still But, shipping still But, shipping still contributes significantly contributes significantly contributes significantly contributes significantly to global emissions...to global emissions...to global emissions...to global emissions...
• ~90% of the global freight volume in terms of tonne km
• ~14% of the CO2 emissions
• more than 3% annual growth rate in sea-borne trade
Adopted from Eyring et al. (2007)
(Eyring et al. , 2010)
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Environmental regulations Environmental regulations Environmental regulations Environmental regulations for shippingfor shippingfor shippingfor shipping
• Global stepwise reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions, more stringent regulation in special emission control areas
• The North Sea and Baltic Sea are emission control areas for sulphur dioxide
• Discussion about different regulations for decreased emissions of carbon dioxide, e.g. EEDI
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Alternative fuels in shipping?Alternative fuels in shipping?Alternative fuels in shipping?Alternative fuels in shipping?
Drivers
• ”Peak-oil”
• Global warming
• Air pollution
Solutions
• Reduce fuel consumption
• New fuels
Slide adopted from Fridell (2010)
Which alternative fuels could be used in shipping?
How could a transition toward alternative fuels take place?
Environmental end economical performance?
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Which alternative fuels could Which alternative fuels could Which alternative fuels could Which alternative fuels could
be used in shipping?be used in shipping?be used in shipping?be used in shipping?• Diesel /distilled fuels?
• Liquefied natural gas?
• Methanol?
• Di-methyl ether?
• Liquefied biogas?
• Biodiesel?
• Uranium?
• Hydrogen?
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Swedish biomass could replace a large share of the Swedish use of fossil fuels (about 300TWh).
Sweden
Biomass: 138-234 TWhLBG: 58-122 TWhBiodiesel:
Gotland
Biomass:LBG: 0.28-0.20 TWhBiodiesel:
Europe
Biomass: 1600-6000 TWhLBG:Biodiesel:
Availability of biogas Availability of biogas Availability of biogas Availability of biogas and biodieseland biodieseland biodieseland biodiesel
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Why Gotlandstrafiken?Why Gotlandstrafiken?Why Gotlandstrafiken?Why Gotlandstrafiken?
Ferry service
• Vision to bunker liquid natural gas/biogas in 2020 and hydrogen in 2030
• Procured by the Swedish authority Rikstrafiken -stresses long term economical, social and environmental sustainability
• Passenger transportation is a segment with higher demand on environmental performance
GotlandSwedish island
3184 km2
~60 000 inhabitants
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Situation today
• 4 ferries transporting passengers and cargo between the Swedish main land and the island Gotland
• Passenger ferries are equipped with medium speed diesel engine with selective catalytic reduction to reduce emissions ofnitrogen oxide
• Consumes about 650 GWh of heavy fuel oil with about 0,5% sulphur content each year
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
A transition toward renewable fuels...
Gas scenario:
100% Liquefied natural gas
Gas scenario:
100% Liquefied biogas
Gas scenario:
70% Liquefied natural gas 30% Liquefied biogas
Diesel scenario:
100% Marine gas oil
Diesel scenario:
100% Biodiesel (BTL)
Diesel scenario:
70% Marine gas oil 30% Biodiesel (RME)
2010
2015
2020
2025
Increased share of renewable fuels
Situation today:
Heavy fuel oil (0.5% S) + SCR
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
System setupSystem setupSystem setupSystem setupThe functional unit is the amount of marine fuel that correspond a total heat content of 650 GWh, which correspond to the yearly fuel consumption by the ferry traffic to and from the island Gotland
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Primary energy usePrimary energy usePrimary energy usePrimary energy use
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Global warming potentialGlobal warming potentialGlobal warming potentialGlobal warming potential
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Land useLand useLand useLand use
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Acidification potentialAcidification potentialAcidification potentialAcidification potential
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
Eutrophication potentialEutrophication potentialEutrophication potentialEutrophication potential
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
• The potential availability of liquid biogas and biodiesels is limited, but it could still be used in niche applications such as passenger ferries to increase the life cycle performance of marine transportation.
• Liquefied biogas show the best result overall of the fuels investigated here.
Thank you for listening! Questions?
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
MARITIME ENVIRONMENT
SELMA BENGTSSON
PH.D. STUDENT
SETAC LCA CASE STUDY SYMPOSIUM
28 OF FEBRUARY 2011, BUDAPEST
ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences
• BUHAUG, Ø., CORBETT, J. J., ENDRESEN, Ø., EYRING, V., FABER, J., HANAYAMA, S., LEE, D. S., LEE, D., LINDSTAD, H., MARKOWSKA, A. Z., MJELDE, A., NELISSEN, D., NILSEN, J., PÅLSSON, C., WINEBRAKE, J. J. & WU, W., YOSHIDA, K. 2009. Second IMO GHG Study 2009. London, UK:International Maritime Organization.
• EYRING, V., CORBETT, J. J., LEE, D. S. & WINEBRAKE, J. J. 2007. Brief summary of the impact of ship emissions on atmospheric composition, climate, and human health. Document submitted to the Health and Environment sub-
group of the International Maritime Organization on 6 November 2007.
• EYRING, V., ISAKSEN, I. S. A., BERNTSEN, T., COLLINS, W. J., CORBETT, J. J., ENDRESEN, O., GRAINGER, R. G., MOLDANOVA, J., SCHLAGER, H. &STEVENSON, D. S. 2010. Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Shipping. Atmospheric Environment, 44, 4735-4771.
• FRIDELL, E. 2010. Fuel consumption in the marine transport sector, emissions, consequences, trends. Workshop on alternative marine fuels. Långedrag: EffShip.