ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS: Solid & Hazardous Wastes.
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Transcript of ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS: Solid & Hazardous Wastes.
Topics covered:• Solid waste - amounts generated, disposal
options, status of recycling;• Hazardous wastes • types of wastes• environmental media • treatment options• site remediation - Gierke• Pollution prevention - Crittenden
Waste generation:U.S. 4.3 lb per person per day municipalplus 6 lb/person-day industrial = 1.9 ton/person-year
664 million tons/year = 0.12 mi3
= 21,560 blocks the size of CSE Bldg= 0.05 mm/yr across U.S. or 3.8 mm/generation
Why is this a problem?
Space (tipping fees in U.S.: $20-$200/tonLoss of resources
Groundwater contamination
U.S. Municipal Waste
Yard trimmings14%
Plastics9%
Other10%
Metals8%
Wood7%
Glass6%
Food7%
Papercardboard
39%
Industrial Solid Waste Generators
Chemical Industry
22%
Ferrous metals4%
Electric Power21%
Plastics & resins
2%
Pulp & paper6%
Food30%
Other5%
Clay, glass, concrete
6%
Nonferrous metals
4%
U.S. Solid Waste Disposal
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
Ref
use
Am
ou
nt
(100
0 to
ns) Composting
Recycling
Incineration
Landfill
Paper39%
Other49%
Glass 1%
Wood Pallet5% Plastics
0.5%
Tin & Aluminum 0.5%
Cardboard 5%
Glass
Paper
Tin & Aluminum
Cardboard
Plastics
Wood Pallet
Other
MTU WASTE COMPOSITION
ESE Building Waste CompositionNewsprint
2%
Office Paper32%
Glossy Paper9%
Glass0%
Other (low grade paper, mixed paper
& plastic)38%
Metal0%
Cardboard9%Styrofoam
1%
Other plastic2%
Food7%
Environmental Engineers’ Role:
• Minimize personal waste;• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle;• Pollution Prevention - prevent refuse
generation;• Design recycling systems;• Design waste-to-energy systems;• Design, manage landfills, municipal disposal
systems;
http://www.epa.gov/tri/
http://www.scorecard.org/
Toxic and hazardous substancesWhat are they?
~650 individual chemicals and classes of chemicals
Radionuclides, persistent organic pollutants, endocrinedisruptors, biocides, metals, acids, ...
Where are they?In all environmental media (air, soil, surface & ground water)
Where can you locate information on these substances?
EPA’s Toxic Release Inventory -
What do environmental engineers do about toxic & hazardous
substances?1. Design methods for clean-up and remediation;
John Gierke - Air sparging for treatment of contaminatedgroundwater;
Alex Mayer - Modeling of pump-and-treat remediationof contaminated groundwater;
John Crittenden, Dave Hand - design of photocatalyststo destroy groundwater contaminants;
What do environmental engineers do about toxic & hazardous
substances?
2. Study their fate and effects in the environment;
Judith Perlinger - study rates of natural attenuationof toxic compounds in groundwater;
Jim Mihelcic - study rates of biological transformation(breakdown) of toxic contaminants;
Visualization with Computational Chemistry
Chloroform
Perchloroethene
Bromoform
1,1,1-trichlorotrifluoroethane
LFER for Iron Porphyrin System
log(k, pred) = - 0.0777 (±0.0105) DR-X - 0.00804 (±0.00961) Go’ + 21.7 (±2.82)
Where will you learn about toxic & hazardous substances at MTU?
GE3850 GeohydrologyCE4501 Environmental ChemistryCE4506 Applications of Environmental RegulationsCE4505 Surface Water Quality EngineeringCE5503 Physical-chemical Treatment ProcessesCE5507 Biological Remediation ProcessesCE5509 Environmental Organic Chemistry