Existing Laws for Urban and Industrial Effluents Discharges

Existing Laws for Urban and IndustrialEffluents Discharges

Presented to:Mr. RaufPresented By:2011 -CH-229, 233, 258

Pakistan National Conservation Strategy

Pakistan developed a National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in 1992 in collaboration with world conversion unionNCS provided detailed analysis of environmental problems and board strategy for tackling them.

Objectives of National Conservation Strategy There are basic objectivesConservation of national resources. Sustainable development andImproved efficiency in the management of resources.NCA recommended 14 core programs areas for implementation NCA sets out the basic guidelines for protecting the environment and natural resources of country.

Policies under (NCS) to control the Pollutionfrom industrial sector

Develop and enforce effective pollution control. Promote clean industrial processes and recycling.Establish incentives for environmentally beneficial industries. Develop a policy to site industries in areas of lower environmentalsensitivity.Build awareness within industry

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, (1997)

disposal of industrial and urban effluents into water bodies is covered in Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997).This act provides the basic environmental policy and setup a management structure for pollution control.Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) has beenestablished in the country to formulate policy and ensure its implementation.Punjab has environmental protection departmentNational Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 1996 covers municipal and industrial wastewater discharges.The EPA & NEQS covers 32 parameters for municipal and industrial wastewater discharges.

Cont..The act include a provision to recognize the right of an injured person to bring action before the newly created environmental disturbanceThis act also describes penalties for violators of NEQSThis act also prohibits the import of hazardous wastes in PakistanGeneration ,collection ,treatment, disposal and handling of hazardous substance requires a license under this act Self Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART)

Self Monitoring and Reporting system of Pak EPA takes into accountthe resources and interest of both EPAs and industries. It Classifies Industries into three categories A, B and C and eachcorresponding to specified reporting frequency.Category A industry report their emissions levels after every month.Category B industry quarterly. Category C industry biannually

Objective of Self Monitoring and Reporting ToolThe objective of the self monitoring and reporting systems are to make the countrys industry owners and operators responsible for systematic monitoring and reporting of their environmental performance.

National Environnemental Action Plan, (NEAP)

National Environmental Action Plan which contains clear water asone of the four core programme areas.Areas of focus under clear water include pollution from domesticand industrial effluents as well as that from pesticides and fertilizers.

National Environmental Policy, (2005)

National Environmental Policy, (2005) provides a framework for addressing the environmental issues including pollution of water bodies challenging in Pakistan.It recognizes the goals and objectives of NCS, NEAP and existing environmental related national policies, strategies and action plans.It provide the board guide lines to the federal government, provincial governments and local governments to address their environmental concerns and ensure effective management of their environment resources.

Local Government Ordinance, (2001)

Local Government Ordinance, 2001 deals with the subject of environmental pollution covering the pollution of water.

Other legislationsPakistan Penal code,1860 describes penalties for voluntariesFactories Act, 1934 of the industries deals with disposal of waste and effluents from manufacturing processes and fines for pollutants. Canal & Drainage act, prohibits fouling of canal water which may be used for domestic purpose in localities near by an imposing fine of RS 500 or 1 month imprisonment or bothAgricultural pesticides ordinance, 1971, covers the import, manufacture, sale, distribution and use of pesticides.Effectiveness of enforcement Mechanism:

Institutional Capacity: although a complete regulatory machinery emerge in the form of EPAs but still they are unable to implement environmental policies effectively. They lack capacity in areas of technical know how proper planning, infrastructure.System Hurdles: old and tedious departmental procedural delays.Lack of awareness: there is not much awareness among government ministries and line departments form main streaming of conservation in annual development plan.

Lack of Political will: Politician have their own priorities and environment has not been their top priority agenda .Inactive Local Government Institution: local governments have remained in active to implement effective environmental protection strategy.Indifferent Altitudes od Industrialists: Industrialists are over consciousbefore accepting any change for betterment which is a major constraints for implementing pollution control measure in industrial sector.

CH # 1 Legislative and RegulatoryConsiderations in EIA

IntroductionDuring EIA process, main thing is to evaluate predicted impacts of proposed activityJudgments are based on comparison with pollutants and ambientquality standardsIn case where no relevant criteria are available then experts opinion is consideredEIA should describe pertinent regulations used to govern health and safety, environmental quality etc.Pakistan environment Protection act, (1997)

This act deals with establishment of Pakistan Environmental Protection Council in order to establish environmental policy and enforcing its implementation. It also provide for protection of species, habitat and biodiversity.

Water QualityProvincial/National criteria:Public Health Engineering Department has published an manual named Revised Design Criteria For Water Supply,1986Specifies Water quality standard for domestic use.

Effluent Quality Standards:Provincial/National Criteria:In order to control discharges of municipal and industrial waste waters Pakistan Environmental protection agency has been establishedInternational CriteriaWorld Bank guidelines 1988 describes that effluent temperature should be not more than 3 degree c higher than ambient temperature of receiving water.Gaseous Emission Standards:Provincial/National criteria:PEPA has formed NEQS for gaseous emissions from industriesInternational Criteria:world Bank 1988 has proposed guidelines for limiting conc. Of SO2 Particulate matter and NOx.Automobile Exhaust StandardsProvincial/National criteria:PEPA has also established neqs for motor vehicles exhaust emissions.Ambient air quality standardProvincial or national criteria:Standards are yet not formulated by PEPA.International standards:To preserve the environment many countries in the world have enforced ambient air quality standard. Acc. To this Nox should not exceed 0.05ppm. NoiseProvincial or national criteria:there is no provincial standard for ambient noise level.International standards:ISO provide standards for measuring noise of different areas. E.g. for motor vehicles the acceptable noise level is 85 decibel.Occupational HealthNational Criteria:No quantitative standards have ever been introduced in Pakistan w.r.t occupational health.However, subject is well covered in Pakistan Factories Rules 1962. Labor laws Ordinance 1972 deals with general provision related to health and safety matters.Factories Act 1934 deals with health and safety aspects related to proper cleanliness, ventilation, temperature, dust and fumes.Subject of noise has not been covered in Labor Laws Ordinance (Shafi 1992)International CriteriaAllowable day time noise level in industrial zones have been fixed at 65 dB with frequent peaks of 75 dB and infrequent peaks of 80 dB (Lohani 1984)Measures for safety of workersTraining on health and safety mattersProvision of Site Safety Handbook.Special training sessions related to hazardous work.Safety instructions in the form of posters and notice boards.Frequent and unscheduled inspection checks of security and safety measures.Provision of medical facilities.Full record of accidents and injuries.Arrangements for possible fire control and explosions.