Environmental Earth Sciences

Series Editors

James W. LaMoreauxP.E. LaMoreaux and Associates, Tuscaloosa, USA

For further volumes:http://www.springer.com/series/8394

Hüseyin Gökçekus · Umut Türker ·James W. LaMoreauxEditors

Survival and Sustainability

Environmental Concerns in the 21st Century

123

EditorsProf. Dr. Hüseyin GökçekusNear East UniversityDept. Civil EngineeringNicosia, North Cyprus Mersin 10Turkeyghuseyin@neu.edu.tr

Prof. Dr. James W. LaMoreauxP.E. LaMoreaux andAssociates2612 University Blvd.Tuscaloosa AL 35403USApelsr2@juno.com

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Umut TürkerNear East UniversityDept. Civil EngineeringNicosia, North Cyprus Mersin 10Turkeyuturker@neu.edu.tr

ISBN 978-3-540-95990-8 e-ISBN 978-3-540-95991-5DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

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Foreword

The International Conference on Environment: Survival and Sustainability, held atthe Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus 19-24 February 2007, dealtwith environmental threats and proposed solutions at all scales. The 21 themesaddressed by the conference fell into four broad categories: Threats to Survivaland Sustainability; Technological Advances towards Survival and Sustainability;Activities and Tools for Social Change; Defining Goals for Sustainable Societies.

Activities and tools that move the society towards greater sustainability wereemphasized at the conference. These included environmental law and ethics, envi-ronmental knowledge, technology and information systems, media, environmentalawareness, education and lifelong learning, the use of literature for environmen-tal awareness, the green factor in politics, international relations and environmentalorganizations. The breadth of the issues addressed at the conference made clear theneed for greatly increased interdisciplinary and international collaboration in thesurvival and sustainability concept. The exchanges at the conference represent astep in this direction. It is hoped that this book will serve to contribute to increase inawareness towards various environmental issues as well as drawing more attentionto the urgency of international cooperation and collaboration in pursuing sustainableenvironmental management.

Near East University, Nicosia Prof. Dr. Hüseyin GökçekusNorth Cyprus

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Contents

Part I Conservation and Management of Biodiversity

Characterization of Serratia sp. K1RP-49 for Applicationto the Rhizoremediation of Heavy Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3So-Yeon Koo and Kyung-Suk Cho

Predators in ‘Agri-environmental’ Sweden: Rural Heritageand Resistance Against Wolf Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Annelie Sjölander-Lindqvist

Seas, Ecological Balance and Sustainable Environment.Heavy Metals in the Water of Lake Ohrid and in Fish SpeciesBelbica – Alburnus alburnus alborella de Filippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Suzana Aliu, S. Jusufi, Majlinda Daci, and Shefket Dehari

Space Analysis and the Detection of the Changesfor the Follow-Up of the Components Sand-Vegetationin the Area of Mecheria, Algerie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Haddouche Idriss, Mederbal Khaladi, and Saidi Slim

Biodiversity and Actual Status of Narta and Dukati Lagoonsin Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Liljana Elmazi and Evelina Bazini

Approximation of Sea Surface to Optimize Tide Gauge Network . . . . 61A.N. Vlasov, D.B. Volkov-Bogorodsky, V.A. Kurochkina,M.G. Mnushkin, and C.J. Blasi

Improvement of Germination of Three Endemic Speciesof the Sierra Nevada (S. Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67M. Díaz-Miguel, F. Serrano, and J.L. Rosúa

Early Growth of Quercus castaneifolia (C.A. Meyer) Seedlingsas Affected by Weeding, Shading and Irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Masoud Tabari, Javad Mirzaei, and Hadi Daroodi

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The Role of Plant Diversity in Sustainable Exploitationin Highland Rangelands (Alborz Mountain – Iran) . . . . . . . . . . . . 85R. Safaian, H. Arzani, H. Azarnivand, and N. Safaian

Role of Indigenous People in Conservation of Biodiversityof Medicinal Plants: An Indian Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Pooja Joshi and Nilanjana Rao

Stand Structure and Spatial Patterns of Trees in MixedHyrcanian Beech Forest, Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103H. Habashi, S.M. Hosseini, R. Rahmani, and J. Mohammadi

Nutrient-Food Chain Modeling for Lake Prespa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Spiro Grazhdani and Spase Shumka

Tolerance of Different Wild Oats Biotypes to Different OatKillers and Their Impact on Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Imtiaz Khan, Gul Hassan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, and Meher Gul

Effects of L-Proline and Cold Treatment on Pepper (Capsicumannuum L.) Anther Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Dudu Özkum and R. Tipirdamaz

Examination of Some Parameters for Ecological Growthof Maize in Pelic Vertisol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145I. Stoimenova, E. Djonova, A. Taleva, and N. Kaloyanova

Effect of Bacterial and Fungal Abundance in Soilon the Emission of Carbon Dioxide from Soil in Semi-aridClimate in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Rashmi Kant, Chirashree Ghosh, Lokendra Singh, and Neelam Tripathi

Part II Cultural Heritage and Environmental Factors

The Evaluation of Sustainability of Organic Farms in Tuscany . . . . . 165Chiara Certomà and Paola Migliorini

Evaluation of the Sustainability on Cultural Heritageand Environmental Factors in Architecture from a TourismPoint of View: Ayvalik Historical City Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Olcay Çetiner and Aysegül Çetiner Gökyilmaz

Preserving the Mediterranean Landscape: The Role of LocalTraditional Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187Giovanni Quaranta and Caterina Salvia

Climate Change Critical to Cultural Heritage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195P. Brimblecombe, C.M. Grossi, and I. Harris

Cultural Landscapes and Conservation Issues: Side Case . . . . . . . . 207Elmas Erdogan

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Survival of the Vernacular Environments in North CyprusThrough Sustainable Tourism Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Özlem Ogaç Türker

Environmental Basis of Sustainable Tourism Along SensitiveCoastal Areas – Principles and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235D. Orhon, H. Gökçekus, and Seval Sözen

Part III Economics, Development, Sustainability and Risks

Medical Waste Survey in a University Hospital: Do InternDoctors and Emergency Nurses Know and Pay Attentionto Segregation of Wastes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245F. Nur Aksakal, Evin Aras, Mustafa N. Ilhan, and Sefer Aycan

An Investigation of Appropriate Economic Instrumentsfor Preventing the Negative Impacts of Construction Projectson the Environmental Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253Javad Jassbi, Fatemeh Razavian, and Hanieh Nikoomaram

“Breaking Eco-limits” in Coal Mining in the Ústí Regionin the Czech Republic: Possibilities, Decision-Makingand Consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Iva Ritschelová, Miroslav Farský, and Egor Sidorov

Relationship Between Tourist Education and DevelopmentPerception About Environmental Impact of Tourism Development . . . 279R. Shakeri and A. Barati

Assessment of Dangerous Substances Release from ConstructionProducts to Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289Nicoleta Schiopu, Emmanuel Jayr, Jacques Méhu, and Pierre Moszkowicz

Challenges of the Implementation of the WEEE Directivein the Danish Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303Chiara Gobbi

A Sustainable and Economically Recycling Real EstateDevelopment Project: A Case Study for Istanbul Park . . . . . . . . . . 315H. Demir, F. Balik Sanli, M. Gur, and C. Goksel

Analysis of Land Use Changes in Nigeria: With Applicationof Integrated Bio-economic Spatial Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Igbekele A. Ajibefun

Green Marketing Willingness of Bulgarian Market: Comparisonwith Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Teodoro Gallucci, Giovanni Lagioia, Julia Uzunova,and Vesselina Dimitrova

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The Distribution of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Cyprus Soil . . . . . 353M. Ertan Akun, Rezan Fahrioglu Yamacı,Christophoros Charalambous, Savvas Lechtvich,and Mustafa B.A. Djamgoz

Biotechnology: A Powerful Tool for Human Survival and Sustainability 361Anwar Nasim

Ecotourism – Environment Relationship in ContemporaryEastern Europe Countries. Its Facts, Myths and Challenges.The Case of Albania and Macedonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371Liljana Elmazi and Jovan Stojanoski

Earthquake is Manmade Catastrophe Rather than a NaturalDisaster: Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Özgür Yilmazer, Özlem Yilmazer, Ali Özvan, Yasemin Leventeli,and Ilays Yilmazer

Mitigation of Seismic Risk on Earthen Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Marcial Blondet

Land Use Conversion and Agricultural Intensificationin Tropical Hill Slopes: A Geographical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . 401David Lopez Cornelio

Part IV Energy and Development: New and Renewable Energy

Role of Renewable Energy in Development of Self SufficientHousing in Developing Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425Debashis Sanyal

Energy and Environmental Significance of an Alternative FuelsUtilization Produced with to Liquid Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Nenad Kukulj and Tomislav Kurevija

Sustainability Concept for Energy, Water and Environment Systems . . 447Naim Hamdia Afgan

Energy and Sustainable Development: Environmental Impactsof Energy Use in Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471Muawya Ahmed Hussein

Economizing the Energy Consumption in Circular Surface Aerator . . 481Achanta Ramakrishna Rao and Bimlesh Kumar

Sewage Biogas Conversion into Electricity by Using Small Systems . . . 491Suani Teixeira Coelho, Sílvia Maria Stortini González Velázquez,Osvaldo Stella Martins, and Fernando Castro de Abreu

Algae Biofuels as a Possible Alternative to EnvironmentallyDoubtful Conventional Methods of Biodiesel Production . . . . . . . . . 499Tomislav Kurevija and Nenad Kukulj

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Investigation of Combustion Kinetics of Five Waste WoodSamples with Thermogravimetric Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511Sema Yurdakul Yorulmaz and Aysel Atimtay

On Integration of Mirror Collector and Stirling Enginefor Solar Power System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521B.F. Yousif, Ammar Al-Shalabi, and Dirk G. Rilling

Part V Environment and Health

Antioxidant Activities of Molokhia (Corchorus olitorius L.) Extracts . . 535Nilgün Öztürk and Filiz Savaroglu

Solid Medical Waste Management in Healthcare Centers in Palestine . 545Issam A. Al-Khatib, Mohamed Abu-Dayah, Hussein Hajjeh,and Tayseer Al-Shanbleh

Sustainable Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Hospital Buildings . . . . . . . 557Çigdem Belgin Dikmen and Arzuhan Burcu Gültekin

The Regional Level of Microelements in the Food Materials . . . . . . . 567Aida Sahmurova, Gunay (Yildiz) Tore, Atakan Ongen,and Suna Ozden Celik

Microbiological Pollution Levels of Some Vegetable SpecimensTaken From Public Markets of Three Central Towns of Konya-Turkey . 581K. Gur, H.N. Uçan, and S. Dursun

Assessment of Metal Pollution Based on Multivariate StatisticalModelling of Soils from Gediz and Buyuk Menderes Rivers . . . . . . . 591M. Bakaç and M.N. Kumru

A Commonly Used Pesticide Endosulfan in Diet Could CauseHepatomegaly and Kidney Tumor When Combined with Nitrosamines 599Recai Ogur and Omer Faruk Tekbas

Effect of Different Time and Temperature of Various CookingMethods on Sulfonamide Residues in Chicken Balls . . . . . . . . . . . 607M.R. Ismail-Fitry, S. Jinap, B. Jamilah, and A.A. Saleha

Reassessment of Tritium Dose Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615A. Melintescu, D. Galeriu, and H. Takeda

Approaches on H5N1 Avian Influenza Spreading in Relationwith Human Health Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623Monica Popa, Daniela Curseu, Dana Sîrbu, Ioan Stoian,and Adriana Manciu

The Relationship Between Infant Methemoglobinemiaand Environmental Exposure to Nitrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Daniela Curseu, Dana Sîrbu, Monica Popa, and Alina Ionutas

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West Nile Virus: Risk Factors of Spreading, Preventionand Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641Dana Sîrbu, Monica Popa, Daniela Curseu, Ovidiu Ghiran,and Adriana Manciu

The Determinants of Improved Water Supply for RuralHouseholds in Kenya: A Differential Diagnosis Frameworkfor Community Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653David W. Nerubucha

Health Effects Due to Indoor Air Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665John A. Hoskins

Part VI Environmental Awareness, Education and Ethics

Promotion of Nursery School Teacher and Junior GradeTeacher Education for Environment and SustainableDevelopment in the Republic of Croatia Accordingto the Concept of Lifelong Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679Vinka Uzelac and Dunja Andic

Spatial Analyses for Environmental Impacts of Landfill Areas . . . . . 691D.Z. Seker, S. Kaya, N. Musaoglu, H. Demirel, A. Tanik, and E. Sertel

The Ethical Basis of Environmental Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699Tapan Narayana

The Creation of New Ways of Acting in the WaterAdministration Field – the Implementation of the EU-WFD in Sweden . 707Petra Adolfsson

Education for “Sense of Place” in a Wide, Complex Land.A Challenge for Environmental Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719Andrew Brookes

The Humanly Dimension of Media that Affects Massesand Various TV Programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729Armagan Gökçearslan

Engaging the Public in Environmental Decisions: Strategiesfor Environmental Education and Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . 741Martha C. Monroe

Reconstruction of the Worldview as Strategy for EnvironmentalSurvival and Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751Ibrahim Shogar

Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Makingon Major Energy Projects in Turkey: The Case of BTC CrudeOil Pipeline Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759Nuriye Say and Deniz Babus

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From Human Social “Matrix” to Perception of Social Structuresand Corporate Actors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769David Schnaiter

Negative Effects of Creating Environmental Awareness of PublicRelations Applications by Alming of Political Propagandas . . . . . . . 777Emel Tozlu Aslan

Part VII Environmental Science and Technology

Monitoring of Wetlands by Using Multitemporal Landsat Data;A Case Study from Fethiye – Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785I. Ozdemir, K. Ozkan, A. Mert, and S. Gülsoy

Analyzing Changes in Coastal Biospheres using Remote Sensingand Geographic Information System Techniques, Northern NileDelta, Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795H. Effat, M.N. Hegazy, and H.El. Gameely

Exploring the Egyptian Terrain Characteristics from Spacefor Strategic Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805M.N. Hegazy and H. Effat

Composting and Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City . . . . . . . . 815Md. Niamul Bari, Md. Kumruzzaman,Mohammad Harun ur Rashid, and Md. Muzibur Rahman

Assessment of Dissolved Pollutants in Krishna River Using MassBalance Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825M. Chandra Sekhar and B. Shailamber

Copper (II) Removal from Water by Natural Zeolites . . . . . . . . . . 831Sukru Dursun, M. Emin Argun, Nazan Celik, and Fatma Celebi

Biodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol in BiosurfactantSupplemented Activated Sludge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841Ayla Uysal and Aysen Turkman

Use of Silk Industry Waste – Silkworm Pupa: A Remediationof Environmental Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851B. Noroozi, S.H. Bahrami, and M. Arami

Using Susceptibility Measurements on Polluted Areasby Exhaust Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861Ali Aydin

Biowaste as a Resource for Bioproduct Development . . . . . . . . . . . 875J. Pieter H. van Wyk

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Textile Azo Dyes Decolourization by Combined Ultrasonicationand Microbial Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885H. Tugba Gümüsdere, Tuba Artan, Afife Güvenç, Gönül Dönmez,and Ülkü Mehmetoglu

Identification of Wastewater Leaching into the Wellsby HPLC-SEC Using UV and Fluorescence Detection . . . . . . . . . . 893Hilda Marta Szabo and Tuula Tuhkanen

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution UsingCotton Stalk: As a Bioadsorbent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899Murat Ertas, Bilal Acemioglu, M. Hakkı Alma, and Mustafa Usta

Removal of Cyanide from Solutions by Air Oxidation and Adsorption . 907Ersin Yener Yazici, Hacı Deveci, Ibrahim Alp, Tugba Yılmaz,and Oktay Celep

Effects of Various Backwash Scenarios on Membrane Foulingin a Membrane Bioreactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917N. Yigit, G. Civelekoglu, I. Harman, H. Köseoglu, and M. Kitis

NOx Formation of Co-combustion of Sweet Sorghum – Lignite(Orhaneli) Mixtures in Fluidised Beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931M. Handan Çubuk, Derya B. Özkan, and Özlem Emanet

Pretreatment of Ceftriaxone Formulation Effluents: Drawbacksand Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943T. Tezgel, F. Germirli Babuna, I. Arslan-Alaton, G. Iskender, and O. Okay

Reducing the Toxicity and Recalcitrance of a Textile XenobioticThrough Ozonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955F. Germirli Babuna, N. Oructut, I. Arslan-Alaton, G. Iskender, and O. Okay

Bioidentification of Xenobiotics in Water as a Part of Pollution Control 967Valerii Tonkopii

Biosorption of CR+6 from Aqueous Solution with ActivatedSludge Biosolids (Ref. NO: MT11-OP-475) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973Aziz Sencan, H. Cahit Sevindir, Mehmet Kiliç, and Mustafa Karaboyaci

Effect of Chromium on Growth Attributes in Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985M. Fozia Anjum, M. Anjum Zia, M. Ashraf, and Z.M. Khalid

Use of Surfactants in Soil and Groundwater Remediation . . . . . . . . 995Aras Gezer and Ahmet Karagunduz

Co-digestion Approaches to Organic Fraction of MunicipalSolid Waste with Primary Sludge for a Municipal TreatmentPlant in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005R.K. Dereli, M.E. Ersahin, C.Y. Gomec, O. Ozdemir, and Izzet Ozturk

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Radiochronological Methods as Tools to Study Environmental Pollution 1015H.N. Erten

Are Certain Invertebrate Species Sensitive Bioindicatorsof the Air Pollution? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023Liliana Vasiliu-Oromulu, Viorica Honciuc, Sanda Maican,Cristina Munteanu, Minodora Stanescu, Cristina Fiera, Mihaela Ion,and Dorina Purice

Determination of Heavy Metal Pollution in Some HoneySamples from Yozgat Province, Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037Ahmet Aksoy, Zeliha Leblebici, and Yavuz Bagci

Removal of Direct Orange-46 from Aqueous Solutions UsingMN-Diatomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045Selay Aksoy, Mesut Tekbas, Güleda Engin, and Nihal Bektas

Environmental Problems from the Open Dump in GümüshaneProvince and Investigation of Biological Recyclingfor the Organic Solid Wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055S. Serkan Nas and Adem Bayram

Adsorption Behavior of Radionuclides, 137Cs and 140Ba, ontoSolid Humic Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065O. Çelebi and H.N. Erten

The Fate of Chlortetracycline During the Anaerobic Digestionof Manure from Medicated Calves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087Osman A. Arikan

Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution onto Bentonite . 1097J. Krstic, Z. Mojovic, A. Abu Rabi, D. Loncarevic, N. Vukelic,and D. Jovanovic

The Evaluation of the Pb(II) Removal Efficiency of DuckweedLemna Minor (L.) from Aquatic Mediums at Different Conditions . . . 1107Yagmur Uysal and Fadime Taner

Biodegradation of a Tannery and Chemical Plant ProducingAsetilsalisilikat Wastewater Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117E.U. Cokgor, O. Karahan, and D. Orhon

Boron Removal in Seawater Desalination by Reverse OsmosisMembranes – the Impacts of Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . 1127H. Köseoglu, N. Kabay, M. Yüksel, S. Sarp, Ö. Arar, and M. Kitis

Respirometric Evaluation of Strong Wastewater ActivatedSludge Treatment for a Complex Chemical Industry . . . . . . . . . . . 1139E. Ubay Cokgor, G. Insel, E. Aydın, S. Ozdemir, and D. Orhon

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Cellulose Acetate-Polyethersulfone (CA-PS) BlendUltrafiltration Membranes for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment . . . . 1149Ani Idris and Iqbal Ahmad

Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant of Sakhnin Cityin Israel by Using Advanced Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1161Yasar Avsar, Hussein Tarabeah, Shlomo Kimchie, Izzet Ozturk,and Hadi Naamneh

Removal of Mn(II) Ions from the Aqueous Solutions by Cotton Boll . . 1171H. Duygu Ozsoy and Halil Kumbur

Optimization of Electrochemical Oxidation of Textile DyeWastewater Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) . . . . . . . . 1181Bahadır K. Körbahti

Dynamic Modelling of Bioconversion of Domestic WastewaterSludge for Cellulase Enzyme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193N.A. Kabbashi, Md. Zahangir Alam, and Khadijah B. Abdul Rahim

Treatment of H-Acid Containing Wastewater by WetPeroxide Oxidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203Zhao Binxia, Li Hongya, Wang Jin, Bai Weili, Zhang Xiaoli, and Jin Qiting

Ambient Ozone Levels in the Eastern Mediterranean Regionand Assessment of Its Effect on the Forested Mountain Areasof Southern Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213Evrim Akkoyunlu, Rukiye Tipirdamaz, Saime Basaran,Halil Saribasak, Dudu Özkum, and Gülen Güllü

Physico-chemical Study of Bagasse and Bagasse Ash fromthe Sugar Industries of NWFP Pakistan and Remediationof Environmental Problems Caused by Refused Bagasse Ash . . . . . . 1225Khurshid Ali, Noor-ul-Amin, Tahir Shah, and Saeed-ur-Rehman

Adsorption of Different Reactive Dyes onto Surfactant-ModifiedZeolite: Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237Bulent Armagan, Mustafa Turan, and Dogan Karadag

Water Quality Index for Municipal Water Supply of AttockCity, Punjab, Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255Humera Qasim Khan

Reaction Kinetics of Spent Reactive Dye Bath Ozonation Process . . . . 1263T. Ölmez, I. Kabdaslı, and O. Tünay

Copper Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions by Usıng RedMud – An Aluminium Industry Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1275Semra Çoruh and Osman Nuri Ergun

Global Warming: How Much of a Threat to Tropical Forests? . . . . . . 1283Philip M. Fearnside

Contents xvii

The European Sea Level Service Information Systemfor Coastal Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293Christoph J. Blasi

A Review on the Impact of the North Sea – Caspian Pattern(NCP) on Temperature and Precipitation Regimes in the Middle East . 1301H. Kutiel

Wave Damping and Retardance by Emergent Vegeatation . . . . . . . . 1313Oral Yagci, Umut Türker, and M. Sedat Kabdasli

The Effect of Sludge History on Aerobic Sludge Stabilization Efficiency 1321G. Insel, H. Gökçekus, S. Sözen, E. Dulekgurgen and D. Orhon

Morphological and Physiological Features of an AerobicGranular EBPR Biomass Fed with Propionate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1327Ebru Dulekgurgen, Nazik Artan and Derin Orhon

Part VIII Integrated Water Resources Management

Water Quality Variation in a Tank Cascade Irrigation System:A Case Study from Malagane Cascade, Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345Kushani Mahatantila, Rohana Chandrajith, H.A.H. Jayasena,and Sampath Marasinghe

Investigation of Flood Event Possibility over Iran Using Flood Index . . 1355Kazem Nosrati, Mohsen Mohseni Saravi, and Afsaneh Shahbazi

Analysis of First-Flush Load from Urban Catchment in Isfahan, Iran . 1363Afsaneh Shahbazi, Kazem Nosrati, and Mohsen Mohseni Saravi

Assesment of Ecological Flow for Mountain Rivers of the Kura Basin . 1369Rovshan Abbasov

Effictiveness of Water Resources Use in Aral Sea Basinand Lower Reaches of the Amu Darya River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1381M. Ikramova, A. Khodjiev, and K. Misirkhonov

Uncertainties in the Water Budget Computations of DeveliClosed Basin in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397Ibrahim Gurer and F. Ebru Yildiz

Impacts Assessment of Newly Constructed Highways via SpatialInformation Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409H. Demirel, M. Çetin, and N. Musaoglu

Water Resources in the Slovak Republic and Their Protection . . . . . 1421Jozef Kriš, Faško Martin, and Škultétyová Ivona

E-Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1433Santosh M. Avvannavar, Ravi Kiran Mutnuru, and S. Shrihari

xviii Contents

Extreme Rainfall Events and Uncertainty in the Mediterranean Basin . 1439Hadas Reiser and Haim Kutiel

Part IX Pesticides in the Environment and Food Commodities

An Investigation of Pesticide Transport in Soil and Groundwaterin the Most Vulnerable Site of Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1451Anika Yunus and A.H.M. Faisal Anwar

Conservation of Beneficial Insects for Sustainable Agriculture . . . . . 1463M. Anjum Suhail, M. Arshad, Jalal Arif, and M. Dildar Gogi

Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil and Sediment from an UrbanZone of Novi Sad, Serbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469Nataša Ðurišic-Mladenovic, Biljana Škrbic, and Jelena Cvejanov

Conversion of Agricultural Wastes into Value Added Productwith High Protein Content by Growing Pleurotus ostreatus . . . . . . . 1483Ahmad Al-Momany and Kholoud Ananbeh

Plants as a Source of Biopesticides for Pest Control: A New Perspective 1491E. Hassan and D. Prijono

Study of Some Factors of Variation of intake on Course by Dairy Ewes 1501T. Najar, Aziza-Guesmi Boubaker, A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez,and M.R Mosquera-Losada

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509

Contributors

Rovshan Abbasov Hydrometeorolgy Scientific Research Institute (HSRI) A21073, Baku, B. Agayev St. 100(A), Azerbaijan, abbasov@hotmail.com

Fernando Castro de Abreu CENBIO – Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass,IEE – Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, USP – University of São Paulo, Av.Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil,fcabreu@iee.usp.br

Mohamed Abu-Dayah Institute of Community and Public Health, BirzeitUniversity, Nir Zeit, Palestine, m.abudayah@panemirates-me.ae

Bilal Acemioglu Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science,University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras 46100, Turkey,acemioglu@kilis.edu.tr

Petra Adolfsson GRI, School of Business, Economics and Law, GöteborgUniversity, Göteborg, Sweden, petra.adolfsson@gri.gu.se

Naim Hamdia Afgan Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal,nafgan@ist.utl.pt

Iqbal Ahmad Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering,Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, iqbalahmed7@yahoo.com

Igbekele A. Ajibefun Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension,Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, iajibefun@yahoo.com

Evrim Akkoyunlu Department of Environmental Engineering, HacettepeUniversity, 06532 Ankara, Turkey, akkoyunlu@hacettepe.edu.tr

F. Nur Aksakal Department of Public Health, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey,naksakal@gazi.edu.tr

Ahmet Aksoy Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, ErciyesUniversity, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, aksoy@erciyes.edu.tr

xix

xx Contributors

Selay Aksoy Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Instituteof Technology, 41400, Gebze, Turkey, saksoy@gyte.edu.tr

M. Ertan Akun Chairman, Department of Industrial Engineering, CyprusInternational University, Haspolat, North Cyprus, eakun@ciu.edu.tr

Md. Zahangir Alam Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERU),Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University, KualaLumpur 50728, Malaysia, zahangir@iium.my

Khurshid Ali Institute of Chemical Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar,Pakistan, afeef_ka@yahoo.com

Suzana Aliu Study of Polytechnic Center, State University of Tetovo, Tetovo,Macedonia, isak_idrizi@mt.net.mk

Issam A. Al-Khatib Institute of Community and Public Health and Facultyof Engineering, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine, ikhatib@birzeit.edu

M. Hakkı Alma Department of Industrial Engineering of Forestry, Facultyof Forestry, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras, 46100,Turkey, alma@ksu.edu.tr

Ahmad Al-Momany Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman,Jordan, momanyah@ju.edu.jo

Ibrahim Alp Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering,Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, ialp@ktu.edu.tr

Ammar Al-Shalabi Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Malacca Campus,Multimedia University, 75450 MMU, Malacca, Malaysia,ammar.alshalabi@mmu.edu.my

Tayseer Al-Shanbleh Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia,Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, shanableh@neu.edu.tr

Kholoud Ananbeh Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan,kananbeh@ju.edu.jo

Dunja Andic Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Rijeka, Trg IvanaKlobucarica 1, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia, dunja@ufri.hr

M. Fozia Anjum Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan, fozia.pk@gmail.com

A.H.M. Faisal Anwar Department of Water Resources Engineering, BangladeshUniversity of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh,f.anwar@curtin.edu.au

M. Arami Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology,Tehran, Iran, arami@aut.ac.ir

Contributors xxi

Ö. Arar Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey,ozgur.arar@ege.edu.tr

Evin Aras Department of Public Health, Resident, Gazi University, Ankara,Turkey, earas@gazi.edu.tr

M. Emin Argun Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty,Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, argun@selcuk.edu.tr

Osman A. Arikan Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul TechnicalUniversity, Istanbul 34469, Turkey, arikan@itu.edu.tr

Bulent Armagan Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty,Harran University, 63300 Sanlıurfa, Turkey, armagan@harran.edu.tr

M. Arshad Department of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Biodiversity andBiosystematics Research Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan, mae_pakistan@yahoo.com

I. Arslan-Alaton Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental EngineeringDepartment, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,arslanid@itu.edu.tr

Nazik Artan Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental EngineeringDepartment, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey,nartan@ins.itu.edu.tr

Tuba Artan Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ankara University,Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey, tuba213@hotmail.com

H. Arzani Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,harzani@ut.ac.ir

M. Ashraf Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan,ashraf_muraid@yahoo.com

Emel Tozlu Aslan Faculty of Communication, Near East University, T.R.N.C –Nicosia, Cyprus, easlan@neu.edu.tr; emel_tozlu@yahoo.com

Aysel Atimtay Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East TechnicalUniversity (METU), 06531 Ankara, Turkey, aatimtay@metu.edu.tr

Yasar Avsar Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of EnvironmentalEngineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, yavsar@gmail.com

Santosh M. Avvannavar Department of Chemical Engineering, TechnischeUniversiteit, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, santoshnitk@rediffmail.com

Sefer Aycan Department of Public Health, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey,saycan@gazi.edu.tr

Ali Aydin Geophysical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, PamukkaleUniversity, 20017 Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey, aaydin@pamukkale.edu.tr

xxii Contributors

E. Aydın Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department,Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, ersina@itu.edu.tr

Aysegül Çetiner Gökyilmaz AB Mimarlık, Necip Bey Sitesi Kusadası, Aydin,abmimarlik2005@yahoo.com

H. Azarnivand Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,hazar@ut.ac.ir

F. Germirli Babuna Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental EngineeringDepartment, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,fgbabuna@ins.itu.edu.tr

Deniz Babus Department of Landscape Architecture, Çukurova University,01330 Balcalı, Adana, Turkey, dbabus@cu.edu.tr

Yavuz Bagci Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, SelçukUniversity, Konya, Turkey, ybagci@selcuk.edu.tr; ybagci66@gmail.com

S.H. Bahrami Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir Universityof Technology, Tehran, Iran, hajirb@aut.ac.ir

M. Bakaç Buca Faculty of Education, Department of Physics, Dokuz EylulUniversity, Buca – Izmir, Turkey, mustafa.bakac@deu.edu.tr

A. Barati Natural resources faculty, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran,abarati@malayeru.ac.ir

Md. Niamul Bari Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi Universityof Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, niamulbari@yahoo.com

Saime Basaran Ministry of Environment and Forestry, West MediterraneanResearch Institude, Antalya, Turkey, basaransaime@hotmail.com

Adem Bayram Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, KaradenizTechnical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, abayram@ktu.edu.tr

Evelina Bazini Marketing and Tourism Department, Faculty of Commerce,University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania, ebazini@univlora.edu.al;ebazini2001@yahoo.com

Nihal Bektas Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Instituteof Technology, 41400, Gebze, Turkey, nihal@gyte.edu.tr

Zhao Binxia College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, TaibaiNorth Road No.229, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China, zxlbx@china.com

C.J. Blasi Federal Institute of Hydrology, D-56002 Koblenz, Germany,blasi@bafg.de

Marcial Blondet Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru, mblondet@pucp.edu.pe

Aziza-Guesmi Boubaker Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, 42, AvCharles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunis, aziza.boubaker@inat.agrinet.tn

Contributors xxiii

P. Brimblecombe School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia,Norwich, UK, P.Brimblecombe@uea.ac.uk

Andrew Brookes La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3086, Australia,a.brookes@latrobe.edu.au

Fatma Celebi Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty,Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, fcelebi@selcuk.edu.tr

O. Çelebi Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara,Turkey, celebi@fen.bilkent.edu.tr

Oktay Celep Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering,Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, ocelep@ktu.edu.tr

Nazan Celik Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty,Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, nazan.cevik@comu.edu.tr;nazcevik@yahoo.com

Suna Ozden Celik Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu EngineeringFaculty, Trakya University, 59860 Corlu-Tekirdag, Turkey,sunaozden@corlu.edu.tr

Chiara Certomà Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33,56127 Pisa, Italy, chiara.certoma@sssup.it

M. Çetin Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, GebzeInstitute of Technology, Muallimköy 41400, Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey,mcetin@gyte.edu.tr

Olcay Çetiner Department of Architecture, Yildiz Technical University, Barborosstr., 34349 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey, cetinero@yahoo.co.uk; cetiner@yildiz.edu.tr

Rohana Chandrajith Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya,Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, rohanac@pdn.ac.lk

Christophoros Charalambous Frederick Institute of Technology, Nicosia,Cyprus, c.charalambous@frederick.ac.cy

Kyung-Suk Cho Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, EwhaWomans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea, kscho@ewha.ac.kr

A. S. Çıggın Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental EngineeringDepartment, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, ciggin@itu.edu.tr

G. Civelekoglu Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman DemirelUniversity, Isparta, Turkey, civelek@sdu.edu.tr; civelek@mmf.sdu.edu.tr

Suani Teixeira Coelho CENBIO – Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass,IEE – Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, USP – University of São Paulo,Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil,suani@iee.usp.br

xxiv Contributors

E. Ubay Cokgor Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental EngineeringDepartment, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,ubay@itu.edu.tr

David Lopez Cornelio Correo central de Huanuco, Huanuco, Peru,davlzo@netscape.net; davlzo@yahoo.com

Semra Çoruh Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz MayısUniversity, 55139 Samsun, Turkey, semcoruh@omu.edu.tr

M. Handan Çubuk Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Heat and ThermodynamicsDivision, Yıldız Technical University, 80750 Yıldız, Istanbul, Turkey,hcubuk@yildiz.edu.tr

Daniela Curseu Environmental Health Department, University of Medicineand Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, daniela_curseu@yahoo.com

Jelena Cvejanov Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar caraLazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, jelena@technol.ns.ac.yu

Majlinda Daci Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, Prishtina,Kosova, majlinda.ajvazi@fshmn.uni-pr.edu

Hadi Daroodi Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Siences, Tarbiat ModaresUniversity, Noor, Iran, hdaroodi@modares.ac.ir

Shefket Dehari Study of Polytechnic Center, State University of Tetovo, Tetovo,Macedonia, shefket.dehari@unite.edu.mk

H. Demir Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, YildizTechnical University, 34349-Besiktas Istanbul, Turkey, hudemir@yildiz.edu.tr;fbalik@yildiz.edu.tr; gur@yildiz.edu.tr

H. Demirel Faculty of Civil Engineering, Geodesy and PhotogrammetryEngineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul,Turkey, hdemirel@ins.itu.edu.tr

R.K. Dereli Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul TechnicalUniversity, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, derelir@itu.edu.tr

Hacı Deveci Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering,Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, eyazici@ktu.edu.tr

M. Díaz-Miguel Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias,Universidad de Granada, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071Granada, Spain, diazmig@ugr.es

Çigdem Belgin Dikmen Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Bozok University,Yozgat, Turkey, cigdembelgin@yahoo.com

Contributors xxv

Vesselina Dimitrova Department of International Economic Relations, Universityof Economics Varna, 77, Kniaz Boris I blv., Varna 9002, Bulgaria,vesselina.dimitrova@mail.bg

Mustafa B.A Djamgoz Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine,London, UK, m.djamgoz@imperial.ac.uk

E. Djonova Department of Soil Microbiology, N. Poushkarov Institute of SoilScience, 7 Shosse Bankya Str., 1080, Bulgaria, dstoicheva@abv.bg

Gönül Dönmez Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ankara University,Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey, gdonmez@science.ankara.edu.tr

Ebru Dulekgurgen Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental EngineeringDepartment, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey,edulekgurgen@ins.itu.edu.tr

Nataša Ðurišic-Mladenovic Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad,Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, natasa@technol.ns.ac.yu

M. Sukru Dursun Department of Environmental Engineering, EngineeringFaculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, sdursun@selcuk.edu.tr

H. Effat The National Authority of Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS),Cairo, Egypt, Haeffat@yahoo.com

Liljana Elmazi Faculty of Economics, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania,lilibilla@yahoo.com

Özlem Emanet Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Heat and ThermodynamicsDivision, Yıldız Technical University, 80750 Yıldız, Istanbul, Turkey,hcubuk@yildiz.edu.tr

Güleda Engin Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Instituteof Technology, 41400, Gebze, Turkey, guleda@gyte.edu.tr

Elmas Erdogan Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture,Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara 06110, Turkey, eerdogan@agri.ankara.edu.tr

Osman Nuri Ergun Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz MayısUniversity, 55139 Samsun, Turkey, onergun@omu.edu.tr

M.E. Ersahin Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Instituteof Technology, Gebze/Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey, ersahin@itu.edu.tr

Murat Ertas Department of Industrial Engineering of Forestry, Facultyof Forestry, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras, 46100,Turkey, mertas@ksu.edu.tr

H.N. Erten Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey,erten@fen-bilkent.edu.tr

xxvi Contributors

Miroslav Farský Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Jan EvangelistaPurkyne, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic, Farsky@fzp.ujep.cz

Philip M. Fearnside National Institute for Reseach in Amazonia (INPA), C.P.478, 69.011-970 Manaus-Amazonas, Brazil, pmfearn@inpa.gov.br

Cristina Fiera Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, 296 SplaiulIndependentei, Po Box 56–53, 060031 Bucharest, Romania,Cristina.ivanescu@ibiol.ro

D. Galeriu Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Horia HulubeiNational Institute of R&D for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 407 AtomistilorSt., PO Box MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest – Magurele, Romania,galdan@infin.nipne.ro; dangaler@yahoo.com

Teodoro Gallucci Department of Geographical and Commodity Science, Sectionof Commodity Science and Ecology, University of Barivia C. Rosalba, 53, I-70124Bari, Italy, teddygall@yahoo.it

H.El. Gameely The National Authority of Remote Sensing and SpaceScience,(NARSS), Cairo, Egypt, hegameely@narss.sci.e

Aras Gezer Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Instituteof Technology, Gebze/Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey, agezer@gyte.edu.tr

Ovidiu Ghiran IPA S.A. R&D Institute, Cluj Subsidiary, Romania,ovidiu.ghiran@yahoo.com

Chirashree Ghosh Centre of Environmental Management of DegradedEcosystem (CEMDE), University of Delhi, New Delhi 11007, India,cghosh@cemde.du.ac.in

Chiara Gobbi Department of Industrial Management and Engineering, TechnicalUniversity of Denmark, DTU Building 423, 2800 Lyngby,Denmark, cg@ipl.dtu.dk

M. Dildar Gogi Department of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Biodiversity andBiosystematics Research Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan, gogi1974@hotmail.com; dildar1974@yahoo.com

Armagan Gökçearslan Department of Graphics, Hacettepe University, Beytepe,Ankara, Turkey, armagangokce@hotmail.com

H. Gökçekus Department of Civil Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia,Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, ghuseyin@neu.edu.tr

C. Goksel Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, IstanbulTechnical University, 34469-Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, goksel@itu.edu.tr

C.Y. Gomec Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul TechnicalUniversity, 34469-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, yanginci@itu.edu.tr

Contributors xxvii

Spiro Grazhdani Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania,Spiro.grazhdani@yahoo.com

C.M. Grossi School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia,Norwich, UK, c.grossi-sampedro@uea.ac.uk

Meher Gul Pakistan Sport Board, Islamabad, Pakistan, meher_gul@yahoo.com

Gülen Güllü Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University,06532 Ankara, Turkey, ggullu@hacettepe.edu.tr

S. Gülsoy, Faculty of Forestry Department of Soil Science and Ecology, SuleymanDemirel University, Isparta, Turkey, sgulsoy@sdu.edu.tr

Arzuhan Burcu Gültekin Faculty of Technical Education, Gazi University,Ankara, Turkey, arzuhanburcu@yahoo.com

H. Tugba Gümüsdere Chemical Engineering Department, Facultyof Engineering, Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey,t_gumusdere@hotmail.com

K. Gur Environmental Engineering Department, Selcuk University, Konya,Turkey, kgur@selcuk.edu.tr

M. Gur Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, YildizTechnical University, 34349-Besiktas Istanbul, Turkey, hudemir@yildiz.edu.tr;fbalik@yildiz.edu.tr; gur@yildiz.edu.tr

Ibrahim Gurer Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Civil EngineeringDepartment, Gazi University, Celal Bayar Bulvari Maltepe, Ankara, Turkey,gurer@gazi.edu.tr

Afife Güvenç Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, AnkaraUniversity, Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey, guvenc@eng.ankara.edu.tr

H. Habashi Natural Resources Faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University, P.O. Box46414-356 Noor, Mazandaran, Iran, Habashi@modares.ac.ir

Hussein Hajjeh Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University,Birzeit, Palestine, h_hajjeh@yahoo.com

I. Harman Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman DemirelUniversity, Isparta, Turkey, iharman@mmf.sdu.edu.tr

I. Harris Climate Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, Universityof East Anglia, Norwich, UK, I.Harris@uea.ac.uk

E. Hassan Integrated Crop Management, School of Agronomy and Horticulture,University of Queensland, GATTON 4343 QLD, Australia, e.hassan@uq.edu.au

Gul Hassan Department of Weed Science, Faculty of Crop Protection, NWFPAgricultural University, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan, ghassan@yahoo.com

xxviii Contributors

M.N. Hegazy The National Authority of Remote Sensing and Space Science(NARSS), Cairo, Egypt, mnhegazy@yahoo.com

Viorica Honciuc Ecology Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Centre, Institute ofBiology Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romaniacristina.ivanescu@ibiol.ro

Li Hongya College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an,Shaanxi 710069, China

John A. Hoskins Independent Toxicologist, Haslemere, Surrey GU27 2 JH, UK,j.a.hoskins@isbe.demon.co.uk

S.M. Hosseini Natural Resources Faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University,Tehran, Iran, hosseini@nigeb.ac.ir

Muawya Ahmed Hussein University of Dhofar, Salalah, Oman,m_hussein@du.edu.om

Ani Idris Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Departmentof Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor,Malaysia, ani@fkkksa.utm.my

Haddouche Idriss Département de Foresterie, Faculté des Sciences, Université deTlemcen BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria, hidriss02@yahoo.fr

Mustafa N. Ilhan Department of Public Health, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey,mnilhan@gazi.edu.tr; mnilhan@hotmail.com

M. Ikramova Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI), Karasu-4,11, Tashkent 700187, Uzbekistan, dilmalik@tps.vz

G. Insel Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department,Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, inselhay@itu.edu.tr

Mihaela Ion Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Buila-Vânturarita NationalPark Administration, Romania, Michaela.ion@ibiol.ro

Alina Ionutas Environmental Health Department, University of Medicineand Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, a_ionutas@hotmail.com

G. Iskender Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department,Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,giskender@ins.itu.edu.tr

M.R. Ismail-Fitry Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of PutraMalaysia, ismailfitry@food.upm.edu.my

Škultétyová Ivona Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Sanitary andEnvironmental Engineering, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava,Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, ivona.skultetyova@stuba.sk

B. Jamilah Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Universiti PertanianMalaysia, 43400 UPM, Serangor, Malaysia, Hehero70_f6@yahoo.com

Contributors xxix

Javad Jassbi Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management andEconomy, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus, Tehran, Iran,razavian.env@gmail.com

H.A.H. Jayasena Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya,Sri Lanka, cjayasena@pdn.ac.lk

Emmanuel Jayr Sustainable Development Department, CSTB – Scientific andTechnical Centre for the Building Industry, 24, rue Joseph Fourier, 38400 SaintMartin d’Hères, France, emmanuel.jayr@cstb.fr

Wang Jin College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069,People’s Republic of China, jin.wang.1@stonybrook.edu

S. Jinap Centre of Excellence for Food Safety Research (CEFSR), Faculty of foodScience and Technology, Universiti Puta Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor,Malaysia, jinap@food.upm.edu.my

Pooja Joshi The Energy Resource Institute, New Delhi, India,pooja.biotech@gmail.com

D. Jovanovic Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, ICTM,Njegoševa12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, dusanmj@helix.chem.bg.ac.yu

S. Jusufi Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova,shjusufi@yahoo.com

N. Kabay Department of Chemical Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir,Turkey, nalan.kabay@ege.edu.tr

N.A. Kabbashi Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERU),Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University, KualaLumpur 50728, Malaysia, nasreldin@iiu.edu.my

I. Kabdaslı Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department,Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Kampüsü, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,kabdasli@ins.itu.edu.tr

M. Sedat Kabdaslı Civil Engineering Faculty, Division of Hydraulics, IstanbulTechnical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey, skabdasli@ins.itu.edu.tr

N. Kaloyanova Department of Soil Microbiology, N. Poushkarov Institute of SoilScience, 7 Shosse Bankya Str., 1080, Bulgaria, muzuna@yahoo.com

Rashmi Kant Yamuna Biodiversity Park, School of Environmental Studies,University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India, rashmi5kant@yahoo.com

Mustafa Karaboyaci Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,University of Süleyman Demirel, Turkey, mkilic@mmf.sdu.edu.tr

Dogan Karadag Enviromental Engineering Department, Yildiz TechnicalUniversity, 34669 Istanbul, Turkey, dkaradag@yildiz.edu.tr

xxx Contributors

Ahmet Karagunduz Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Instituteof Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey, akaragunduz@gyte.edu.tr

O. Karahan Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul TechnicalUniversity, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, ozlem.karahan@itu.edu.tr

S. Kaya Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak,Istanbul, Turkey

Z.M. Khalid National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering,Faisalabad, Pakistan, zmkhalid@yahoo.com

Mederbal Khaladi Centre universitaire de Mascara, 29000 Mascara, Algérie,kmederbal@hotmail.com

Imtiaz Khan Department of Weed Science, Faculty of Crop Protection, NWFPAgricultural University, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan, imtiazagri@yahoo.com

Humera Qasim Khan National Center of Excellence in Geology, Universityof Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, pakepa@isb.compol.com

Muhammad Ishfaq Khan Department of Weed Science, Faculty of CropProtection, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan,ishfaqus@gmail.com

A. Khodjiev Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI), Karasu-4,11, Tashkent 700187, Uzbekistan, alisherkhodjiev@mail.ru

Mehmet Kiliç Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,University of Süleyman Demirel, Turkey, mkilic@mmf.sdu.edu.tr

Shlomo Kimchie Department of Environmental and Water ResourcesEngineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technion Institute for Research andDevelopment, Technion City, Haifa, Israel, kimchie@tx.technion.ac.il

M. Kitis Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman DemirelUniversity, Isparta, Turkey, mkitis@mmf.sdu.edu.tr

So-Yeon Koo Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, EwhaWomans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea, sykoo@ewha.ac.kr

Bahadır K. Körbahti Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department,University of Mersin, Çiftlikköy, 33343 Mersin, Turkey, korbahti@mersin.edu.tr

H. Köseoglu Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman DemirelUniversity, Isparta, Turkey, hasank@mmf.sdu.edu.tr

Jozef Kriš Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Facultyof Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Radlinského 11,813 68 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, jozef.Kris@stuba.sk

J. Krstic Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, ICTM,Njegoševa12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, jugoslav.kristic@gmail.com

Contributors xxxi

Nenad Kukulj Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering,University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia, nenad.kukulj@rgn.hr

Bimlesh Kumar Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore, India, bimk@civil.iisc.ernet.in

Halil Kumbur Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty,Mersin University, Mersin 33360, Turkey, hkumbur@mersin.edu.tr

M.N. Kumru Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir,Turkey, mehmet.nurullah.kumru@ege.edu.tr

Md. Kumruzzaman Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi Universityof Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, mkamruzz@cs.ucsd.edu

Tomislav Kurevija Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering,University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia, tomislav.kurevija@rgn.hr

V.A. Kurochkina Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow,Russia, kurochkina@gmx.net

H. Kutiel Laboratory of Climatology, Department of Geography andEnvironmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel,kutiel@geo.haifa.ac.il

Giovanni Lagioia Department of Geographical and Commodity Science, Sectionof Commodity Science and Ecology, University of Bari, via C. Rosalba, 53,I-70124 Bari, Italy, g.lagioia@dgm.uniba.it

Zeliha Leblebici Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, ErciyesUniversity, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, zleblebici@erciyes.edu.tr

Savvas Lechtvich Frederick Institute of Technology, Nicosia, Cyprus

Yasemin Leventeli Yilmazer Education, 8. Cd., 89. Sk., 9/8, 06460 A.Ovecler,Ankara, Turkey, leventeli@akdeniz.edu.tr

D. Loncarevic Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, ICTM,Njegoševa12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia,dloncarevic@nanosys.ihtm.bg.ac.rs

Kushani Mahatantila Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya,Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, kusheem@yahoo.co.uk

Sanda Maican Academic Românã, Institutl de Biologie Spl. Independenteinr.296, 060031 Bucureti, România, sanda.maican@ibiol.ro

Adriana Manciu IPA S.A. R&D Institute, Cluj Subsidiary, Romania,madriana@tetarom.ro

Sampath Marasinghe Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya,Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, sampath@gmail.com

xxxii Contributors

Faško Martin Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Sanitary andEnvironmental Engineering, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava,Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, fasko@svf.stuba.sk

Osvaldo Stella Martins CENBIO – Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass,IEE – Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, USP – University of São Paulo,Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil,omartins@iee.usp.br

Ülkü Mehmetoglu Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey, mehmet@eng.ankara.du.tr

Jacques Méhu INSA de Lyon – National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon,Laboratory of Environmental Assessment of Industrial Systems and Process(LAEPSI), 9, Rue de la Physique, 69100 Villeurbanne, France,polden@insa.insa-lyon.fr

A. Melintescu Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Horia HulubeiNational Institute of R&D for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 407 AtomistilorSt., PO Box MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest – Magurele, Romania,ancameli@ifin.nipne.ro

A. Mert Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, SuleymanDemirel University, Isparta, Turkey, aysem.mert@ivm.vu.nl

Paola Migliorini Department of Agronomy and land Management, Universityof Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50141 Firenze, Italia,paola.migliroini@unifi.it

Javad Mirzaei Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Siences, TarbiatModares University, Noor, Iran, mirzaei.j@gmail.com

K. Misirkhonov Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI),Karasu-4, 11, Tashkent 700187, Uzbekistan, habibullo.men@mail.ru

M.G. Mnushkin Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Moscow, Russia,cuse@fromru.com

J. Mohammadi Agriculture Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran,jahedmr@iust.ac.ir

Z. Mojovic Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa12,11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, andjela@nanosys.ihtm.bg.ac.yu

Martha C. Monroe School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Universityof Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410, USA,mcmonroe@ufl.edu

M.R Mosquera-Losada Crop Production Department, University of Santiago deCompostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain, romos@lugo.usc.es

Contributors xxxiii

Pierre Moszkowicz INSA de Lyon – National Institute of Applied Sciencesof Lyon, Laboratory of Environmental Assessment of Industrial Systems andProcess (LAEPSI), 9, Rue de la Physique, 69100 Villeurbanne, France,Pierre.Moszkowicz@insa-lyon.fr

Cristina Munteanu University of Bucharest, Biochemistry and MolecularBiology Research Center, Spl. Independentei, 91–95, Bucharest, Romania,Cristina.munteanu@bio.unibuc.ro

N. Musaoglu Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, nmusaoglu@ins.itu.edu.tr

Ravi Kiran Mutnuru Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit,Eindhoven, The Netherlands, mutnuru@chalmers.se

Hadi Naamneh Towns Association for Environmental Quality (TAEQ)-Agan BeitNatufa (ABN), 1093 Sakhnin, Israel, hnaamneh@yildiz.edu.tr

T. Najar Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, 42, Av Charles Nicolle, 1082Tunis, Tunis, najar.taha@inat.agrinet.tn

Tapan Narayana Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh,India, allegrocon@gmail.com

S. Serkan Nas Gümüshane Engineering Faculty, Department of CivilEngineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 29000 Gümüshane, Turkey,ssnas@ktu.edu.tr

Anwar Nasim COMSTECH Secretariat, 33-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2,Islamabad, Pakistan, anwar_nasim@yahoo.com

David W. Nerubucha Lecturer of Economics, United States InternationalUniversity, Nairobi, Kenya, dnerubucha@usiu.ac.ke

Hanieh Nikoomaram Department of Environmental Management, GraduateCollege of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Campus, IslamicAzad University, Tehran, Iran, nikoomaram@srbiau.ac.ir

Noor-ul-Amin Institute of Chemical Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar,Pakistan, drnoorulamin@yahoo.c

B. Noroozi Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology,Tehran, Iran, babaknoroozi@guilan.ac.ir

Kazem Nosrati Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,knosrati@ut.ac.ir

Recai Ogur Department of Environmental Health, Gulhane Military MedicalFaculty, Ankara, Turkey; GATA Halk Sagligi AD, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey,rogur@gata.edu.tr; recaiogur@yahoo.com

xxxiv Contributors

O. Okay Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, IstanbulTechnical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, okayoy@itu.edu.tr

T. Ölmez Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department,Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Kampüsü, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,tolmez@ins.itu.edu.tr

Atakan Ongen Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu EngineeringFaculty, Trakya University, 59860 Corlu-Tekirdag, Turkey, aongen@corlu.edu.tr

D. Orhon Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering,Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,dorhon@ins.itu.edu.tr

N. Oructut Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department,Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,oructutn@itu.edu.tr

I. Ozdemir Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, SuleymanDemirel University, Isparta, Turkey, ibrahim@orman.sdu.edu.tr

O. Ozdemir Kayseri Water and Sewerage Administration, Mustafa Kemal PasaBulvari, 38090 Kocasinan, Kayseri, Turkey, oozdemir@fatih.edu.tr

S. Ozdemir Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental EngineeringDepartment, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,ozdemirs@itu.edu.tr

K. Ozkan Faculty of Forestry Department of Soil Science and Ecology, SuleymanDemirel University, Isparta, Turkey, kozkan@orman.sdu.edu.tr

Derya B. Özkan Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Heat and ThermodynamicsDivision, Yıldız Technical University, 80750 Yıldız, Istanbul, Turkey,tumer@yildiz.edu.tr

Dudu Özkum Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicosia, NorthernCyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey, duduozkum@hotmail.com

H. Duygu Ozsoy Department of Environmental Engineering, EngineeringFaculty, Mersin University, Mersin 33360, Turkey, ozsoyhd@mersin.edu.tr

Izzet Ozturk Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Instituteof Technology, Gebze/Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey, i.ozturk@sahinlermensucat.com.tr

Nilgün Öztürk Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universityof Anadolu Tepebasi, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey, nozturk@anadolu.edu.tr

Ali Özvan Yilmazer Education, 8. Cd., 89. Sk., 9/8, 06460 A.Ovecler, Ankara,Turkey, aozvan@yyu.edu.tr; aliozvan@gmail.com

Monica Popa Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine andPharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, monicac.popa@gmail.com

Contributors xxxv

D. Prijono Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, BogorAgricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia, hpt@ipb.ac.id

Dorina Purice National Institute of Wood, Romanian Academy Institute ofBiology, Bucharest, Romania, dorina.purice@ibial.ro

Jin Qiting College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai NorthRoad No.229, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China, zxlbx@china.com

Giovanni Quaranta UNIBAS, Potenza, Italy, quaranta@unibas.it

A. Abu Rabi Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa12,11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, andjela@nanosys.ihtm.bg.ac.yu

Khadijah B. Abdul Rahim Department of Biotechnology Engineering,International Islamic University, 50728 KL, Malaysia, arakmar@frst.unimas.my

Md. Muzibur Rahman Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh Universityof Engineering & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

R. Rahmani Natural Resources Faculty, Gorgan university, Gorgan, Iran,R.Rahmani@lboro.ac.uk

Achanta Ramakrishna Rao Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Instituteof Science, Bangalore, India, bimk@civil.iisc.ernet.in

Nilanjana Rao Environmental Consultant, E-50, Lajpat Nagar I, New Delhi,India, neels1409@gmail.com

Mohammad Harun ur Rashid Department of Civil Engineering, KhulnaUniversity of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh,harun_edu@yahoo.com

Fatemeh Razavian Department of Environmental Management, Graduate Collegeof the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Campus, Islamic AzadUniversity, Tehran, Iran, razavian.env@gmail.com

Hadas Reiser Laboratory of Climatology, Department of Geography andEnvironmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel,hraiser@geo.haifa.ac.il

A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez Crop Production Department, University of Santiago deCompostela 27002, Lugo, Spain, romos@lugo.usc.es

Dirk G. Rilling Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Malacca Campus,Multimedia University, 75450 MMU, Malacca, Malaysia, dirk@i-de-e.net

Iva Ritschelová University of Jan Evangelista Purkyne, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem,The Czech Republic, Ritschelova@rek.ujep.cz

J.L. Rosúa Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad deGranada, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada, Spain,jrosua@ugr.es

xxxvi Contributors

Saeed-ur-Rehman Institute of Chemical Science, University of Peshawar,Peshawar, Pakistan, urrehman@gmail.com

N. Safaian Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Mazandaran,Mazandaran, Iran, mnsafa@yahoo.com

R. Safaian College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,safaian@shirazu.ac.ir

Aida Sahmurova Engineering Faculty, Department of EnvironmentalEngineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, aida@istanbul.edu.tr

A.A. Saleha Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia

Caterina Salvia UNIBAS, Potenza, Italy, caterina.salvia@unibas.it

F. Balik Sanli Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, YildizTechnical University, 34349-Besiktas Istanbul, Turkey, hudemir@yildiz.edu.tr,fbalik@yildiz.edu.tr, gur@yildiz.edu.tr

Debashis Sanyal Department of Architecture, National Institute of TechnologyRaipur, P.O. Ravishankar University, Raipur Chhattisgarh 492010, India,debashissanyal@rediffmail.com

Mohsen Mohseni Saravi Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran, msaravi@ut.ac.ir.

Halil Sarıbasak Ministry of Environment and Forestry, West MediterraneanResearch Institude, Antalya, Turkey, halils@yahoo.com

S. Sarp Department of Chemical Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir,Turkey, ssarp@ege.edu.tr

Filiz Savaroglu Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Universityof Eskisehir Osmangazi, 26480, Turkey, fbirgi@ogu.edu.tr

Nuriye Say Department of Landscape Architecture, Çukurova University, 01330Balcalı, Adana, Turkey, nursay@cu.edu.tr

Nicoleta Schiopu Sustainable Development Department, CSTB – Scientific andTechnical Centre for the Building Industry, 24, rue Joseph Fourier, 38400 SaintMartin d’Hères, France; Laboratory of Environmental Assessment of IndustrialSystems and Process (LAEPSI), INSA de Lyon – National Institute of AppliedSciences of Lyon, 9, Rue de la Physique, 69100 Villeurbanne, France,nicoleta.schiopu@cstb.fr

David Schnaiter Division of Social Medicine, Department for Hygiene,Microbiology and Social Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck,Sonnenburgstrasse 16, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria,david.schnaiter@i-med.ac.at

Contributors xxxvii

D.Z. Seker Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, dzseker@ins.itu.edu.tr

M. Chandra Sekhar Water and Environment Division, Department of CivilEngineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506 004, India,mcs@nitw.ernet.in

Aziz Sencan Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Environmental EngineeringDepartment, Arts and Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Süleyman DemirelUniversity, Almaty, Kazakhstan, kavi@mmf.sdu.edu.tr

F. Serrano Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad deGranada, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada, Spain,fserber@ugr.es

E. Sertel Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 MaslakIstanbul, Turkey, sertele@itu.edu.tr

H. Cahit Sevindir Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science-Arts, Universityof Süleyman Demirel, Turkey, sevindir@mmf.sdu.edu.tr

Tahir shah National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar,Peshawar, Pakistan, tahir_shah56@yahoo.com

Afsaneh Shahbazi Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources andMarine Sciences, Tarbiat Madares University, Iran, a.shahbazy@gmail.com

B. Shailamber Department of Civil Engineering, Water & Environment Division,National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506 004, India, bs@nitw.ernet.in

R. Shakeri Natural Resources Faculty, Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran,shakerir@yahoo.com

Ibrahim Shogar Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia,Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Shogar@iiu.edu.my, Shogar2000@yahoo.com

S. Shrihari Department of Civil Engineering, NITK, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar,Mangalore 575025, India, info@skylight.in; shrihari9@gmail.com

Spase Shumka Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania,sprespa@yahoo.co.uk

Egor Sidorov Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, CzechRepublic, sidorov@rek.ujep.cz

Lokendra Singh Centre for Inter-disciplinary Studies of Mountain & HillEnvironment (CISMHE), University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India,drlokendra_singh@hotmail.com

Dana Sîrbu Environmental Health Department, University of Medicine andPharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, dana_m_sirbu@yahoo.com

xxxviii Contributors

Annelie Sjölander-Lindqvist Centre for Public Sector Research (CEFOS),Göteborg University, Göteborg Box 720, SE-405 30, Sweden,Annelie.Sjolander-Lindqvist@cefos.gu.se

Biljana Škrbic Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar caraLazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, biljana@technol.ns.ac.yu

Saidi Slim Département EMVT-CIRAD TA 30/E Campus International deBaillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, slim.saidi@libertysurf.fr

Seval Sözen Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of EnvironmentalEngineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,sozens@itu.edu.tr

Minodora Stanescu Institute of Biology, Department of Ecology and NaturalProtection, Splaiul Indenpendentei Street 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania,stanescumina@hotmail.com

Ioan Stoian S.C. I.P.A. – S.A. Subsidiary Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,office@gynecoland.ro

I. Stoimenova N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, Sofia, Bulgaria,alexieva@techno-link.com

Jovan Stojanoski Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Bitola, Bitola,Macedonia, jodiel@mt.net.mk

M. Anjum Suhail Department of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Biodiversityand Biosystematics Research Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan, dranjumsuhailuaf@yahoo.com

Hilda Marta Szabo Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory,Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology,P.O. Box 541, Fin-33101, Tampere, Finland, hilda.szabo@tut.fi

Masoud Tabari Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and MarineSciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran, masoudtabari@yahoo.com

H. Takeda National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Environmental andToxicological Sciences Research Group, Chiba, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku,Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan, takeda@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp

A. Taleva Department of Soil Microbilogy, N. Poushkarov Institute of SoilScience, 7 Shosse Bankya str., 1080, Bulgaria, ataleva@abv.bg

Fadime Taner Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty,Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey, ftaner@mersin.edu.tr

A. Tanik Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 MaslakIstanbul, Turkey, tanika@itu.edu.tr

Contributors xxxix

Hussein Tarabeah Towns Association for Environmental Quality (TAEQ)-AganBeit Natufa (ABN), 1093 Sakhnin, Israel, fa@zahav.net.il

Omer Faruk Tekbas Department of Environmental Health, Gulhane MilitaryMedical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; GATA Halk Sagligi AD, 06018, Etlik, Ankara,Turkey, oftekbas@gata.edu.tr

Mesut Tekbas Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Instituteof Technology, 41400, Gebze, Turkey, as@gyte.edu.tr

T. Tezgel Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department,Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,tolga@projeparki.com

R. Tıpırdamaz Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Beytepe HacettepeUniversity, 06800 Ankara, Turkey, tuz@hacettepe.edu.tr

Rukiye Tıpırdamaz Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara,Turkey, tuz@hacettepe.edu.tr

Valerii Tonkopii Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences,196105 St. Petersburg, Russia, tonkopi@hotmail.com

Gunay (Yildiz) Tore Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu EngineeringFaculty, Trakya University, 59860 Corlu-Tekirdag, Turkey, gunayy@corlu.edu.tr

Neelam Tripathi Centre of Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystem(CEMDE), University of Delhi, New Delhi 11007, India, neelam3906@gmail.com

Tuula Tuhkanen Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology,Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, Fin-33101 Tampere, Finland,tuula.tuhkanen@tut.fi

O. Tünay Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty,Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Kampüsü, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,tunayol@itu.edu.tr

Mustafa Turan Environmental Engineering Department, Civil EngineeringFaculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,turanm@itu.edu.tr

Özlem Ogaç Türker Department of Interior Architecture, Eastern MediterraneanUniversity, Gazimagusa, Northern Cyprus, ozlem.olgac@emu.edu.tr

Umut Türker Department of Civil Engineering, Near East University, Lefkosa,North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey, uturker@neu.edu.tr

Aysen Turkman Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz EylulUniversity, Tınaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey, aturkman@eul.edu.tr

H.N. Uçan Environmental Engineering Department, Selcuk University, Konya,Turkey, nagehanucan@selcuk.edu.tr

xl Contributors

Mustafa Usta Department of Industrial Engineering of Forestry, Facultyof Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey,usta@ktu.edu.tr

Ayla Uysal Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University,Tınaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey, ayla.uysal@deu.edu.tr

Yagmur Uysal Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Avsar Campus, 46100Kahramanmaras, Turkey, yuysal@mersin.edu.tr

Vinka Uzelac Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Rijeka, Trg IvanaKlobucarica 1, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia, vinka.uzelac@ufri.hr

Julia Uzunova Department of Marketing, University of Economics Varna, 77,Kniaz Boris I blv., Varna, Bulgaria, julimark@abv.bg

Liliana Vasiliu-Oromulu Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Spl.Independentei 296 Bucharest-6 Romania, liliana_orumulu@yahoo.com

Sílvia Maria Stortini González Velázquez CENBIO – Brazilian ReferenceCenter on Biomass, IEE – Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, USP –University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 CEP 05508-010, SãoPaulo, Brazil, sgvelaz@iee.usp.br

A.N. Vlasov Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Moscow, Russia,alexander.n.vlasov@saic.com

D.B. Volkov-Bogorodsky Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Moscow, Russia,v-b1957@yandex.ru

N. Vukelic Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg12-16, Republic of Serbia, nikolav@ffh.bg.ac.yu

Bai Weili College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069,People’s Republic of China, zxlbx@china.com

J. Pieter H. van Wyk Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universityof Limpopo, Box 225, Medunsa Campus, 0204, Medunsa South Africa,vanwykz@yahoo.com

Zhang Xiaoli College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, TaibaiNorth Road No.229, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China, zxlbx@china.com

Oral Yagci Civil Engineering Faculty, Division of Hydraulics, Istanbul TechnicalUniversity, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey, oyagci@ins.itu.edu.tr

Rezan Fahrioglu Yamacı Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Cyprus Instituteof Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, ezanfahrioglu@yahoo.com

Ersin Yener Yazici Mineral Processing Division, Department of MiningEngineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey,eyazici@ktu.edu.tr

Contributors xli

N. Yigit Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman DemirelUniversity, Isparta, Turkey, yigit@kku.edu.tr

F. Ebru Yildiz Department of Research-Plan and Highway, Bank of Provinces,Opera, Ankara, Turkey, feyildiz@ilbank.gov.tr

Tugba Yılmaz Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering,Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, tugbass@mynet.com

Ilyas Yilmazer YY University, Van, Turkey, ilyas_yilmazer@yahoo.com

Özgür Yilmazer Yilmazer Education, 8. Cd., 89. Sk., 9/8, 06460 A, Ovecler,Ankara, Turkey, zguryilmazer@iyte.edu.tr

Özlem Yilmazer YY University, Van, Turkey, zlemyilmazer@iyte.edu.tr

Sema Yurdakul Yorulmaz Environmental Engineering Department, METU,06531 Ankara, Turkey, ysema@metu.edu.tr

B.F. Yousif Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Malacca Campus, MultimediaUniversity, 75450 MMU, Malacca, Malaysia, Belal.f.yousif@mmu.edu.my

M. Yüksel Ege University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 35100 Izmir,Turkey, mahmuty@trakya.edu.tr

Anika Yunus Department of Water Resources Engineering, BangladeshUniversity of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, anika@soton.ac.uk

M. Anjum Zia Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry), Universityof Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, scientistuaf@yahoo.com