Environmental Control Systems
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Transcript of Environmental Control Systems
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Environmental Control SystemsEvolution, Current Systems, the Future
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What can be regulated?• Temperature (heat/cooling systems)• Humidity• Supplemental Lighting• Photoperiod (day length extension or black
cloth)• Atmospheric composition (CO2 enrichment)• Irrigation• Nutrient Delivery (Fertilization)
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Types of Controls• Manual• On/off Switches• Step Controllers• Dedicated Microprocessors• Computers (Integrated Control)
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Manual Greenhouse Control• Common before 1950 to have people 24/7 to
monitor temperature (winter)• Manual ventilation, heat valves• Manual pulling of shade cloth• Manual sun shades• Hand watering
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On/Off Switches• Simple• For heating and cooling based on a thermostat• Problems with accuracy• May still be suitable for simple season
extension houses• Many styles and manufacturers available
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Step Controller• Advancement over on/off switch• Instead of just one option there are multiple
stages possible (for example)• Stage 1 – louvered vent opens• Stage 2 – exhaust fan on opposite wall on low speed• Stage 3 – exhaust fan on opposite wall on high speed
• Not expandable• Not good for complicated temperature control
schemes• Can be difficult to ‘set up’ and ‘change’
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Dedicated Microprocesssors
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Computers• Despite cost effectiveness and ease of use
85% of greenhouses still have some manual controls
• Cost 5 to 7K and up• Very expandable• System can grow with your operation• Data can be easily made available to others for
troubleshooting• Integrated record keeping
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IFAC TECHNICAL BOARD
AUGUST, 2003
IFAC EMERGING AREASPROJECT
CC 8: BIO & ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS(APPLICATIONS)
Keith Godfrey (for Ewart Carson)
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TC 8.1 Control and Automation in Agriculture
• “Speaking animals”Automated measurement of the responses of individual
animals to differing feeding and climate regimes so as to optimise their management
• “Speaking plants”Automated measurement of plant responses to different
treatments for the purpose of automatic control of processes in the soil-substrate-plant continuum
• Automation of harvesting and handling of cropsDevelopments required due to a lack of skilled, affordable
labour• Automation for tracking and tracing of products and
of the production conditionStage of maturity, variability, treatments etc.