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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Executive Summary...The Porali River is one of the four rivers of...
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Irrigation Department
Government of Balochistan
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management
and Development Project
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Executive Summary
Reviewed Draft for Disclosure
January 2016
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project ii
Contents 1 Executive Summary.................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project description ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Environmental Baseline ....................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Nari River Basin 2 1.2.2 Porali River Basin 2
1.3 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures .......................................................... 4 1.4 Cumulative Impact Assessment ........................................................................... 4 1.5 Climate Change Impacts and Risks ..................................................................... 5 1.6 Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................ 5 1.7 Environmental Monitoring .................................................................................. 23 1.8 Capacity Building and Training........................................................................... 25 1.9 Cost of EMP ....................................................................................................... 27 1.10 Stakeholder Consultation ................................................................................... 27 1.11 Disclosure .......................................................................................................... 28 1.12 Overall Conclusion ............................................................................................. 28
List of Tables and Figures
Table 1: Mitigation Plan 7
Table 2: Environmental Monitoring Plan 23
Table 3: Training Subjects for Inclusion in Contractors Training Plan 25
Table 4: EMP Implementation Cost Estimates 27
Figure 1: River Basins under the Project. 3
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project iii
List of Acronyms
BEPA Balochistan Environmental
Protection Agency
BID Balochistan Irrigation Department
BSSIP Balochistan Small Scale Irrigation
Project
DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
EA Environmental Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ESSU Environmental and Social
Safeguard Unit
GOB Government of Balochistan
IUCN International Union for
Conservation of Nature
MCM Million Cubic Meter
NEQS National Environmental Quality
Standards
MEC Monitoring and Evaluation
Consultant
PMU Project Management Unit
PSIAC Project Supervision and
Implementation Assistance
Consultant
UNESCO United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization
WAPDA Water and Power Development
Authority
WBG World Bank Group
WWF World Wild Fund
Conversions
British Units Metric Units Metric Units British Units
1 ft 0.305 m 1 m 3.28 ft
1 mile 1.609 km 1 km 0.621 miles
1 cusec (ft3/s) 0.283 cumec (m³/s) 1 cumec (m³/s) 35.315 cusec (ft3/s)
1 acre 0.405 Ha 1 ha 2.47 acre
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 1
1 Executive Summary
This report is an Environmental Assessment for the proposed Integrated Water Resources
Management and Development Project, in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. The
Environmental Assessment is based on field studies and data collected between 2013 and 2014,
and conducted by a consultant team that also undertook the feasibility study and design work for
the project, and that prepared Environmental Impact Assessments for the Nari and Porali river
basins under a prior World Bank funded Balochistan Small Scale Irrigation Project (BSSIP).
Balochistan is the largest province in Pakistan but also the most sparsely populated largely on
account of scarce and unreliable water resources that limit agriculture to 5 percent of the land
area. Agriculture is nonetheless the mainstay of Balochistan economy representing ~60 percent
of GDP. Two-thirds of the population live in rural areas and are mainly dependent on agriculture.
Given sparse and irregular rainfall irrigation is critical for agriculture in the province. Increasing
agricultural productivity to improve livelihoods requires additional investment in infrastructure and
greatly improved water management. The later requires increased data, information and
knowledge, and increased capacity for water management and planning at community level and
across different levels of government.
1.1 Project description
The Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project (proposed
by the Government of Balochistan) aims to improve water resources planning, management and
monitoring by the government, and to increase the adoption of water-efficient practices and
technologies by water users, in targeted communities in the Nari and Porali River basins of
Balochistan (Figure 1). The Project will invest in (i) professional and institutional capacity building,
(ii) hydro-meteorological data collection, management and use, (iii) new and rehabilitated
infrastructure for irrigation, rural water supply and flood protection schemes, (iv) improved
watershed and rangeland management in areas associated with the targeted irrigation schemes,
and (v) improved on-farm water management and agricultural productivity. The Project will be
implemented in the Nari (69,224 km2) and Porali (11,616 km2) river basins with a focus on specific
irrigation schemes and surrounding areas.
The infrastructure investments will include (i) perennial irrigation schemes including construction
of river off-takes and water distribution structures, channel lining and drainage works, (ii) spate
irrigation schemes including construction of diversion head-works, main canals and distributaries,
and command area development, (iii) flood protection works including earthen bunds with rip rap,
earthen spurs with stone pitching, and gabion structures, (iv) new water supply schemes with
intake structures and rehabilitation of existing schemes.
The Project plans to implement eight irrigation schemes (four in each basin), 16 water supply
schemes, nine flood protection works, and various watershed and rangeland management
activities. The irrigation work involves construction and or rehabilitation of infrastructure and
increases in the volume of water diverted for irrigation.
Total number of beneficiaries from all schemes is expected to total ~706,000 people. A large
population will benefit indirectly from the project, including landless farm laborers and temporary
and permanent laborers in the construction and manufacturing sectors. It is expected that ~77,000
ha of additional land will be under improved irrigation by 2021. Flood protection works are
expected to directly benefit ~82,000 people and protect ~15,000 ha of land. Potable water supply
sub-projects are expected to directly benefit ~29,000 people.
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 2
The project will be implemented over a period of six years at a total estimated cost of US$253.72
million, including financing from the International Development Agency (US$205.56M), the
International Fund for Agricultural Development (US$38.06M) and the Government of Balochistan
(US$10.11M).
1.2 Environmental Baseline
Balochistan covers ~44 percent of the land area of Pakistan. Land use is only reported for around
half of the total area of the province. The reported area is classified as rangelands, agricultural
lands, forests, barren and unproductive mountain slopes. Around one quarter of the reported
areas is under cultivation or forest; the rest is used for grazing (productive and non-productive
rangelands and barren lands). Mountains dominate the province, and valley floors and piedmont
plains represent 15 percent of the landscape. It is these two landforms on which most human
settlements, farms, and roads are developed.
The Nari and Porali river basins where the Project will be implemented, feature diverse physical
and biological characteristics with a wide variety of biodiversity. Variations in physical features
and climatic conditions have produced diverse landscapes, ecosystems and habitats that are
important to the national and global heritage. The flora and fauna as well as their habitat are
directly or indirectly threatened by human activities which lead to degradation, displacement and,
in severe cases, extinction.
1.2.1 Nari River Basin
The Nari Basin covers ~20 percent of Balochistan and is the largest river basin in the province.
Its stratigraphy is complex with lateral variations in contemporaneous sedimentation across five
geological zones and parent geology characterized by zones of convergence and slip faulting.
Alluvial deposits in the central and lower parts of the valleys consist of layers of clay, gravel, silt,
sand or an admixture of these materials. Mean annual rainfall across the basin varies from 150
to 350 mm. The river terminates in Hamal Lake with periodic overflows into Manchar Lake. There
are two important protected areas in the basin: the Ziarat Juniper Biosphere Reserve and Wam
Games Reserve.
1.2.2 Porali River Basin
The Porali River is one of the four rivers of Balochistan draining into the Arabian Sea. The basin
crosses the Lasbela, Khuzdar and Awaran Districts of Balochistan. In the Lasbela district the
Porali River is gravel-bedded. The River flows from the high relief Wadh-Khuzdar region after
which it widens, as a result of monsoon floods, into the Bela region of the basin until it empties
into the Arabian Sea. Annual rainfall in the Basin varies between 100 mm and 400 mm between
years, with the north of the basin somewhat wetter than the south. Hot deserts, semi-deserts and
savanna with scanty terrestrial vegetation characterize the Porali basin. Seasonal rivers, streams,
and gorges as in the mountain areas of the neighboring Hingol National Park have patches of
vegetation. Miani Hor is Ramsar site characterized by a swampy, subtropical mangrove. It
receives freshwater input from a number of seasonal streams. It supports a sizeable population
of biodiversity. The proposed schemes in the Porali Basin are mostly in the mid-lower reaches of
the basin where sedimentation and deforestation reflect a history of disturbance in the upper
watershed.
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 3
Figure 1: River Basins under the Project.
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 4
1.3 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
No private land acquisition is expected and the impacts from the proposed activities are temporary
in nature and limited to the construction period. Many of the environmental issues are
mainstreamed in the Project design.
Project activities have the potential to modify river flow regimes and degrade water quality, leading
to impacts on river health. Degradation of rangelands and erosion has reduced the natural
capacity for groundwater recharge. Improper assessment of sub-surface ground water levels prior
to design for spate irrigation schemes may affect recharge and hence groundwater resources.
Improper design could also lead to degradation of groundwater quality.
1.4 Cumulative Impact Assessment
A cumulative impact assessment has been conducted to evaluate the combined effects of all the
project interventions, together with the potential impacts from related concurrent interventions in
the project basins, over the next ten years. The main focus of the cumulative impact assessment
is on the aggregate impacts on river flow regimes in terms of “valued environmental components”.
In addition to the project interventions, other existing and potential water resources investments
and interventions in the project basins include (i) delay-action dams constructed and planned by
the Government of Balochistan, (ii) The “100 Dams” project of the Government of Balochistan,
and (iii) new dams planned by the federal Water and Power Development Authority. Delay action
dams are groundwater recharge structure built on streamlines. In the Nari Basin 44 delay action
dams have been constructed (total storage capacity 22 MCM) and in the Porali Basin 13 have
been constructed (total storage capacity 16 MCM). The Government of Balochistan 100 Dams
project was planned in 2008 to mitigate the sharply depleting groundwater table as well as to
protect medium and high-level floods. The Federal Government approved it for financing in 2010,
and physical works began in 2011 for the first of three phases. Of the 24 completed dams two are
located in Nari / Porali basins: Kumbri Dam (Nari basin, storage capacity of 24 MCM), Lohi Dam
(Porali basin, 4.7 MCM). 14 further dams are planned in the Nari basin and five in the Porali basin.
All of these dams are designed to slow flow/flood velocities and are not designed as long-term
water storage reservoirs. WAPDA is planning three medium-sized dams for the study area:
Naulong Dam (Nari, 299 MCM), Winder Dam (Porali, 45 MCM) and Pilar Dam (Porali, 111 MCM).
These dams have been under consideration for more than seven years, and are still at feasibility
stage with further studies underway.
A conservative estimate of aggregate impact of these developments is: (i) Project Schemes –
diversions of 200 MCM (Nari) and 148 MCM (Porali), (ii) Delay Action Dams: no diversion but
storage capacity of 22 MCM (Nari) and 16 MCM (Porali), (iii) 100 Dams project – unlikely that all
or indeed any of the proposed dams will be built in the next 5 to 10 years and in any case as these
are not diversion structures, nor are they reservoirs, downstream water flows, for agriculture
and/or domestic purposes, are likely to remain unaffected, (iv) WAPDA Dams – unlikely that new
WADPA dams will be constructed in the near future but the worst case scenario would be
additional live storage of 299 MCM in Nari Basin and 156 MCM in the Porali Basin.
Hydrological assessments for the two basins indicate that considering delay action dams, the 100
Dams project and WAPDA dams, the volume of water available downstream more than 8 times
higher (Nari) and 3.6 times higher (Porali) than the estimated minimum environmental flows for
these basins. Nonetheless, to monitor impacts and mitigate cumulative impacts it is
recommended that (i) hydro-meteorological stations be installed to monitor river flow, (ii) aquatic
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 5
biodiversity is protected by restoring the timing and duration of flood pulses and maintaining
critical minimum flows in the dry season, (iii) the project work closely with the local communities
as well as Forest and Wildlife, and Revenue Departments to ensure that natural habitats including
rangelands and forests remain unaltered as a result of this project and (iv) during project operation
care be taken to not convert ecologically important land to agriculture.
For aquatic habitats, a number of recommendations are provided to monitor and/or mitigate
impact: (i) a short study to assess the suitability of fish farming be conducted, (ii) seasonal
monitoring of water flow and quality be undertaken at the inflow locations to Miani Hor, (iii) support
WWF and IUCN effort to obtain further protection for Miani Hor as a marine protected area with
community-based management.
The project does not directly impact on the biodiversity and forest of Ziarat Juniper Biosphere
Reserve, but there are possible risks of rangeland degradation, the Juniper forest contributes to
the sustainability of the watershed and catchment conservation. A number of recommendations
are made to improve the biodiversity of Juniper forest and protect the rangeland, such as, (i)
introduce grazing control, scientific management of rangelands, protect forested land for further
degradation, (ii) conduct a study to support the implementation of the 2013 Juniper Biosphere
Reserve management plan, (iii) support current efforts by the GOB to declare Biosphere Reserve
a national park.
1.5 Climate Change Impacts and Risks
Climate change impact will have a negative impact on both surface and groundwater resources
in Balochistan. Based on climate change predictions of Pakistan Meteorological Department,
temperatures in high Balochistan are expected to increase to 0.12-0.6 °C by 2050 and 0.27-1.35
°C by the end of the century. For lower Balochistan, the numbers are 0.04-2 °C by 2050 and 0.09-
4.5 °C by the end of century. Future climate change is expected to increase the variability in
rainfall and temperatures and most likely reduce water availability. Hence, improved water
management is critical for the future economic and social development of Balochistan
1.6 Environmental Management Plan
The EMP aims to manage adverse impacts of project interventions and compensate and enhance
the environmental and social status of the Project area.
The EMP will be managed through a number of tasks and activities and project and site specific
management plans. In order to make the Contractors fully aware of the implications of the EMP
and responsible for ensuring compliance, technical specifications in the tender documents will
include compliance with mitigation measures proposed in the EA as well as World Bank Group’s
EHS guidelines. The Contractor must be made accountable through contract documents for the
obligations regarding the environmental and social components of the project. The Project
Supervision and Implementation Assistance Consultant will be responsible for supervising the
contractors for the implementation of the EMP. The PSIAC will appoint dedicated environment
staff to ensure EMP implementation and will be responsible for effectiveness monitoring.
Prior to the commencement of construction activities, contractors will prepare project and site-
specific management plans including: (i) erosion, sediment and drainage control plan, (ii) pollution
prevention plan, (iii) waste disposal and effluent management plan, (iv) traffic management plan,
(v) borrow area management and restoration plan, (vi) occupational health and safety plan, (vii)
drinking water supply and sanitation plan, (vii) flora and fauna protection management plan, (ix)
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 6
construction camp management plan, (x) fuel and hazardous substances management plan, (xi)
emergency preparedness plan, and (xii) communication plan. An integrated pest management
plan is prepared and included in the EA. To address likely impact on Physical and Cultural
Resources in the Project area, a Cultural Heritage Management Plan (CHMP) will be developed
during the first year of project implementation. Further, to address the assessed cumulative
impacts the following will be prepared: (i) fish farming enhancement plan, (ii) Biodiversity
management plan for both Miani Hor and Ziarat Biosphere Reserve, (iii) mitigation plan, and (iv)
monitoring plan.
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 7
Table 1: Mitigation Plan
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
A. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Negative Impacts
A.1 General
Design
Considerations
Failure of previous
similar interventions/
projects and schemes.
The causes of failure of previous interventions in terms of design and / or construction faults will be studied and incorporated into the detailed designs.
Design
Consultant
PMU
Schemes will only
benefit some influential
people of the area and
not benefit the poor
and vulnerable
peoples most in need.
Location of the proposed schemes is identified based on field survey, need assessment, and consultations with local community to have a proper geographical dispersion of interventions to ensure equitable distribution of benefits.
The project intervenes in both basins in a manner that ensures that there are many individual beneficiaries from project activities.
Design
Consultant
PMU
A.2 Land
Acquisition
About four acres of
land may be required
on temporary basis for
contractor’ camp.
Only government land to be used; no private or community land to be used.
In extreme case where private land acquisition is unavoidable, it will be compensated under the guidelines presented in the resettlement policy framework included in the Social Impacts Assessment and Mitigation Plan.
Design
Consultant
PMU
A.3 Design
Considerations:
Impacts on
Ecology, Soil
and Land
Sub-basin / Watershed
and Scheme site
location. Improper
selection with
reference to site
ecology (i.e. improper
project siting) may lead
to erosion and loss of
useful agricultural land.
Appropriate site selection and design were conducted according to national and the WB guidelines in order to entail no or minimal disturbance to local ecology, soil and land.
Design
Consultant
PMU
Improper site selection
and design can lead to
removal of vegetation
and cutting of trees.
Schemes located in ecologically sensitive areas not approved, in order to avoid impact on flora /fauna.
Design
Consultant
PMU
Sub-basin / Watershed
and Scheme site
location may lead to
Plantation plan / forest / rangeland management consideration during design phase.
Design
Consultant
PMU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 8
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
deforestation in the
sub-basins.
A.4 Design
Considerations:
Impacts on
Surface Water
Watershed / Scheme
Site interventions may
affect natural drainage
/ run-off. This can
stress local natural
stream flow –which
may cause surface
water quality
degradation and
contamination of water
resources and affect
downstream ecology.
During design stage, watershed hydrological modelling is being conducted at the scheme site to account for effects on natural drainage and surface water quality.
Design
Consultant
PMU
Improper design
considerations for
suspended silt /
maintenance of
minimum flows may
degrade downstream
ecology.
Designs to consider flow regulatory structures / schemes and minimum flow requirements.
Design
Consultant
PMU
Excessive
diversion/use of
surface water
resources may lead to
depletion of natural
surface water
resources.
Design to consider proper water utilization rates under schemes as not to deplete water resources.
Design
Consultant
PMU
A.5 Design
Considerations:
Impacts on
Groundwater
Improper assessment
of sub-surface ground
water levels prior to
design stage for Non-
perennial schemes
may lead to depletion
Extensive ground water table studies have been carried out during feasibility stage.
Schemes are designed according to Ground water recharge/ pumping regulations.
Design
Consultant
PMU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 9
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
of ground water
resources.
Improper capacity lead
to inappropriate
fertilizer and pesticide
use in irrigation may
lead to degradation of
sub-surface water
quality and
contamination.
An integrated pest management plan is prepared under the national regulatory guidance.
Extensive training is designed under the On Farm Water Management Program for the proper use of pesticide.
EA Consultant PMU
A.6 Contractors’
mobilization
If contractors are not
made responsible to
comply with ESMP,
there will be several
construction related
impacts
In order to make the Contractors fully aware of the implications of the ESMP and
responsible for ensuring compliance, technical specifications in the tender
documents will include compliance with mitigation measures proposed in ESA as
well as IFC EHS guidelines. The Contractor must be made accountable through
contract documents for the obligations regarding the environmental and social
components of the project.
Contractor needs to prepare the following site specific management plans to
manage and mitigate/reverse potential adverse environmental impacts in
compliance with ECPs and mitigation measures proposed in the EA. All these
plans are to be reviewed and approved by PSIAC and PMU
Erosion, sediment and drainage control plan
Pollution Prevention Plan
Waste Disposal and Effluent Management Plan
Traffic Management Plan
Borrow Area Management and Restoration Plan
Occupational Health and Safety Plan
Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Plan
Management Plan for Protection of Flora and Fauna
Construction Camp Management Plan
Fuel and Hazardous Substances Management Plan
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Communication Plan
Construction and Operation Phase Security
Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 10
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
B. SOCIAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Positive Impacts
B.1 Hiring of
Workers
Generation of
employment. Temporary employment for local workers and technicians, local unskilled
labors. Also, employment of locals during surveys.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Increased economic
activity.
Establishment of new businesses and commercial enterprises; local employment.
New market for local produces, more sale and revenue generation.
As a result of the influx of a workforce, there shall be a higher demand for locally produced food, goods and services benefiting local farmers, producers, traders including small shops within project area.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Negative Impacts
B.2 Land
Acquisition
Temporary land
acquisition by the
contractor during
construction.
Only government land to be used; no private or community land to be used.
In extreme case where private land acquisition is unavoidable, it will be compensated under the guidelines presented in the resettlement policy framework included in the Social Impacts Assessment and Mitigation Plan.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
B.3 Increased
Traffic
Safety hazards due to
increased traffic
especially for children
and elderly people.
Traffic Management Plan addressing general access to be implemented.
Safety and security actions and procedures to protect local community during construction phase.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
B.4
Occupational
Health & Safety
Risk of accidents and
unsafe working
conditions for
workforce.
Occupational Health and Safety Plan to be implemented.
Emergency Preparedness Plan to be implemented.
Contractor follows IFC Performance; Standards on Labor and Working Conditions;
Safety training for all workers.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
B.5 Safety,
security, and
vandalism
Security risks for
workers and project
staffs, especially in
Porali River basin
area.
Continued consultations with the tribal leaders and local community leaders on security matters.
Security at the work sites and camps.
Identification cards to workers.
Access to the camps must be controlled through gated entrances and entrance and exit logs shall be maintained at each gate.
Preparation and implementation of the contractor’s Communication plan to engage local leaders and community.
Implement ECP 19: Construction and Operation Phase Security
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 11
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
Inadequate
construction site
security poses a
significant risk to
assets, construction
materials and property.
Theft/vandalism of
assets, materials and
property would
increase construction
costs and cause
delays in project
completion.
Ensure security at the work sites and camps.
Employ night watchman for periods of significant on-site storage or when the area necessitates.
Ensure there is proper fencing around construction site perimeter, chain-link at least 2.4 m high and secured with a steel chain and lock.
Pre-employment screening investigations should be used to verify the applicants relating to their employment, education and criminal history background.
Identification cards to workers
Implement ECP 19: Construction and Operation Phase Security
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
B.6 Migrant
Workers
Possible cultural
conflicts between
communities and
workers.
Awareness campaign;
Code of conduct for workers.
Grievance mechanism.
Develop and implement strong community participation plan.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Risks of HIV/AIDS and
STI due to the flow of
migrant workers.
Awareness creation on HIV/AIDS infection and diseases through a well-designed campaign implementation plan targeting all risk-prone groups.
Empowering women through employment in the construction work.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Increased pressures
on local facilities (i.e.,
mosques, health care
facilities) due to in-flux
of migrant labors.
Construction contractors will provide all required facilities for workers, so workers will not put pressure on local facilities.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
B.7 Storage of
Materials
Health and safety risk
of the community due
to the existence of a
construction site(s)
and the storage and
use of hazardous
chemicals.
The Contractor shall follow IFC EHS guidelines.
If there are any hazardous materials, they shall be safely stored on construction site locations under lock and key.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 12
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
B.8
Construction
Activities
Temporary interruption
of irrigation water
supply during
construction works.
Prepare construction schedule to avoid farming seasons.
For longer construction scheme, the contractor shall be prohibited from interrupting the water supply to any canal or reducing it below the allocated discharge of these canals by proving diversion canals on the section where work is planned on priority basis.
The Contractor shall programme the Works to utilize the low water demand periods in the command area.
The Contractor shall submit a construction schedule to the Engineer for approval on mobilization. If in case, the closure of water supply is unavoidable, the Contractor needs to share his plan with the farmers and get their consensus.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Negative Impacts
C.1 Air Pollution Emissions of dust and
air pollution will be
generated from
excavation works,
operation of
construction
equipment and
vehicles, material
transport, and site
clearance
Water the soil surface and any non-asphalted roads, especially in the dry season.
Water the soil before starting excavating.
The storage and handling of spoil, subsoil, topsoil and materials should be carefully managed to minimize the risk of wind-blown material and dust.
Cover hauling vehicles carrying dusty materials moving outside the construction site.
Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control devices.
Limit the idling time of vehicles not more than 2 minutes.
Implement ECP 10: Air Quality Management.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C.2 Clearing of
Vegetation and
Trees
Clearing of natural
vegetation and trees in
project areas. There
may also be pressure
on forests (illegal
logging) by influx of
workers.
Vegetation clearance shall be limited to the extent required for execution of works.
Avoid cutting down of tree species of conservation significance and those that are protected, even those that act as nesting and breeding sites.
Tree planation will be carried out in and other suitable areas near the river training works at a ratio of 5 new trees per each tree cut.
Contractor will follow ECPs 12 and 13 on Protection of Flora and Fauna while tree cutting.
Include environmental management and awareness as part of training for employees during construction.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C.3 Creation of
Access Routes
Access routes will
damage the land
Construction Contractors will be prohibited from using agricultural lands for access routes.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 13
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
quality as well as
standing crops.
C.4 Earthworks Fertile top soils that are
enriched with nutrients
required for plant
growth or agricultural
development will be
impacted
Strip the top soil to a depth of 35 cm and store in stock piles of height not exceeding 2m.
Remove unwanted materials from top soil like grass, roots of trees and others.
Spread the topsoil to maintain the physico-chemical and biological activity of the soil. The stored top soil will be utilized for covering all disturbed area and along the proposed plantation sites.
Implement ECP 7: Top Soil Management
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C.5 Excavation
Works
Excavation works will
impact on the loss of
habitats especially the
terrestrial invertebrates
that live in the ground.
Avoid construction during the rainy season
Minimize digging of trenches and vegetation clearance to minimum required level.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C.6 Noise and
Vibration
Pollution
Operation of piling
activities, excavation,
operation of heavy
equipment and
transport vehicles, and
blasting operation will
cause noise and
vibration affecting
workers and the
nearby population.
Construction activities near settlements will be limited to day time only (8AM – 6PM).
High noise producing equipment will be provided with mufflers or acoustic enclosures.
Install acoustic enclosures around generators and install temporary noise control barriers where appropriate to reduce noise levels.
Fit high efficiency mufflers to appropriate construction equipment.
Notify affected communities in advance regarding major noisy operation, e.g. blasting.
Implement ECP: 11 Noise and Vibration Management
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C.7
Construction
Camps
Impact on surrounding
environment and
communities from
Construction Camps
During construction phase the contractor site camps should be properly managed. Water usage, fuelwood cutting, deforestation, trees injury should be avoided. Community of the area should not be affected. Proper sanitation and construction machinery should be maintained according to environmental standards.
The Contractor needs to establish main and site camps. The main camp may be a rented building in the Lasbela city and will be for the Contractor project management staff while site camps shall be for the labour and Contractor’s machinery operators. The site camps shall be located where the construction works are in progress.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 14
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
C.8 Increased
movement of
traffic
Increased Traffic on
local roads will affect
access to the trading
centre and, houses
close to the road,
deteriorate safety
(especially the school
children), spillage of
fuels and chemicals,
and damage to
infrastructures and
properties due to
vibration
Contractor will implement traffic management plan to ensure uninterrupted traffic movement during construction.
Restrict truck deliveries, where practicable, to day time working hours.
Restrict the transport of oversize loads.
Enforce on-site speed limit, especially close to the sensitive receptors, schools, health centres, etc.
Implement ECP 15: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management
Inspect structures within the close proximity of construction site for damages.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C.9
Contamination
and Effluents
Contamination of soil
and water due to the
accidental spills and
leakage of fuels and
chemicals.
Contractor will prepare and implement Pollution Prevention Plan and ECP.
Implement ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management
Contractor to confine the contaminants immediately after such accidental spillage
Contractor to collect contaminated soils and washouts containing petroleum products treat and dispose them in environment friendly manner
All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials to be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations complying all the applicable statutory stipulation
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Impact of spoils, solid
waste, and waste
effluents.
Implement ECP 1 Waste Management and ECP 2 Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management.
Siting of fuel and hazardous material storage sites, including refuelling facilities, batching plants and construction yards are to be located outside the flood embankments and at least 500 m away from any residential areas.
Hazardous waste will be disposed of by designated contractors.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C.10 Impact of
borrow and
quarry activities
Impact of borrow and
quarry activities. Borrow/quarry areas will be developed close to the project area for extraction of
earth material and aggregates for river protection works.
No private lands or agriculture lands will be used for borrowing.
Minimize volume of borrow material by using dredged material generated from the project.
The use of explosive should be used as low as possible to reduce noise, vibration, and dust.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 15
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
Control dust and air pollution by application of watering.
Photographs recorded of each borrow area showing pre-construction baseline for comparison with after rehabilitation
Implement ECP 9: Quarry Areas Development and Management.
C.11
Archaeological
and Religious
Sites
Disturbance/damage
to unidentified
archaeological asset or
graveyard.
No archaeological sites are reported with in the construction areas. However, in case any artefact or site of archaeological, cultural, historical, or religious significance are discovered during construction activities, the works will be stopped in that area, and the appropriate department will be informed.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Disturbance to sites of
religious importance Location of all schemes are at a safe distance from sites of religious
importance, however if sites of religious significance are encountered during construction activities, the works will be stopped in that area, and the appropriate department will be informed, as outlined in the chance finds procedure.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Likely impacts on
Physical and Cultural
Resources
An additional study to develop a cultural heritage management plan will be carried out in the first six months of the project.
Consultant ESSU/PMU
C.12
Construction
Activities:
Impacts on
Ecology,
Wildlife and
habitats
Loss of faunal habitat
at locations of
construction works,
camp, staff quarters
and on access/haul
routes due to the felling
of trees. Fragment and
lead to loss of critical
habitats for resident
and migratory birds.
Minimize construction in the critical habitats of birds.
Care should be taken to make sure bird nests are not destroyed. If there is no option available, rehabilitate them in other neighbouring trees. Also protect and rehabilitate injured or orphaned birds.
Use of existing access road and limit the width of new access roads.
Implement ECP 13 Protection of Fauna for species with conservation significance especially endangered and near threatened.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Deforestation and loss
of habitat may affect
the Balochistan black
bear (found in found in
Ziarat, Kalat and
Khuzdar), which is a
critically endangered
species.
Tree clearance shall be limited to the extent required for execution of works.
Contractor will follow ECP 12: Protection of Flora while tree cutting
Implement ECP 13: Protection of Fauna for species with conservation significance especially endangered and near threatened.
Include environmental management and awareness as part of training for employees during construction
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 16
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
Impact on river
habitats (i.e., breeding
and nesting sites)
Control of sediment flow from the construction activities
Silt curtains along river training works to control sediment runoff.
Minimize and restrict clearing of riverine vegetation as much as possible.
Implement ECP 13 Protection of Fauna for species with conservation significance especially endangered and near threatened.
Project activities are mostly confined to the diversion of flood water or diversion sub-surface water through Perennial Irrigation Schemes, so are not expected to affect the fish and marsh crocodile, which mostly reside in lagoon areas.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
Loss of temporary
breeding pools and
pans due to refilling by
construction soil or
gravel.
Schedule construction during the dry season to reduce impact since the amphibian populations will be low during non-breeding season
Fence off the trenches with nets to prevent amphibians falling into the trap.
Implement ECP 13 Protection of Fauna for species with conservation significance especially endangered and near threatened.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
C.13
Construction
Activities:
Impacts on
Downstream
and Protected
Areas
Impact on downstream
river habitats from
construction activities,
such as construction of
flood protection and
river training works.
The Porali River and its
tributaries drain into
the Miani Hor, a
designated Ramsar
site.
Control of sediment flow from the construction activities.
Implementation of ECPs, including ECP 1 Waste Management and ECP 2 Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management.
Silt curtains along river training works to control sediment runoff.
Contractor PSIAC, PIU
D. SOCIAL IMPACTS DURING OPERATION & MAINTENANCE STAGE
Positive Impacts
D.1 Overall
Project
Implementation
Access to irrigation
water, farming capacity
and technology, flood
protection, potable
water supply,
watershed and
rangeland
management, and
Benefit 705,579 people (about 86,549 households) by 8 Irrigation, 16 Potable Water, and 2 Flood Protection schemes; improved Watershed and Rangeland Management, and environmental protection of protected and wetland areas.
MEC PMU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 17
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
environmental
protection.
D.2
Improvement of
Irrigation
System and
Water use
Practices
Access to improved
irrigation system and
improved water use
practices
Improved irrigation system and improved water use practices will lead to a considerable increase in cultivatable land, thus increase crop production and improve income and livelihoods of farmers.
The implementation of project will result in increased crop production, resulted by increase in cropping intensity from 20% to 100% and improvement in yield /acre.
Productivity of crops is expected to more than double after project implementation.
After project implementation, in the Porali River basin, total crop production is expected to increase from 184,235 tons to 450,627 tons (an increase of 266, 392 tons).
The irrigation sub-projects and on-farm water management practices are expected to benefit 544,490 people (68, 061 households).
It is expected that by 2021, 77,000 ha of additional land will be under improved irrigation.
MEC PMU
D.3 Flood
Protection
Works
Damage of command
areas by flood waters Prevention of floods from entering into the command area by constructing flood
protection works, will improve the livelihood of the population and protect crops,
Flood schemes will reduce the likelihood of devastating damage and the economic burden associated with recovery following the flood.
Flood protection works are expected to directly benefit 81,760 people (10, 220 households) and protect 14, 557 ha of land.
The estimated avoided damages/year due to flood protection works are in USD $753,882, $462,271, $124,720 and $1,340,873 for infrastructure, livestock production, crop production, respectively.
Construction of flood water diversion structure will play a pivotal role in increasing the income of households at farm level. This will help in increasing the area under cultivation along with cultivation of improved varieties.
Flood water diversion schemes in the province will help in improving the family nutrition through availability of better and nutritious food and thus contribute to better health of households.
MEC PMU
D.4
Opportunities
for Women
Loss of opportunities
for women and social
uplift
• Project will enhance opportunities for women to participate in profitable agriculture, by tailoring interventions to their specific needs and by promoting gender equity in rural communities.
MEC PMU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 18
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
• It is expected that 352,789 women will benefit directly from implementation of Irrigation Schemes, Potable Water, Flood Protection and Watershed and Rangeland Management.
D.5 Water
Supply to
Communities
Water supply and
waterborne disease in
the Project area.
Potable water supply sub-projects are expected to directly benefit 29,220 people (3, 653 households).
Lifestyle in surrounding areas will be improved by ensuring sustained supply of potable water.
Sanitation and water borne diseases in the area will be improved.
Sustained water supply will contribute significantly on reduction to households spending on water borne diseases.
Improvement in livestock quantity and composition due to consistent availability of water will improve economic income and food security of people.
MEC PMU
D.6 Social
Implications due
to improved
watershed and
rangeland
management:
Poor Watershed and
Rangeland
Management.
Watershed management activities will be undertaken in both Project river basins, including soil and water conservation measures, rainwater harvesting and plantations.
About 280,161 people (32,960 households) are expected to benefit from the implementation of the improved Watershed and Rangeland Management practices.
MEC PMU
Biomass productivity
for sustenance.
Production of fuel wood for use by low income households. MEC PMU
Social forestry jobs Will create local jobs for harvesting timber and non-timber products. MEC PMU
Grazing area and food
stock for livestock. Improvement in livestock (quantity and composition) due to more consistent
food stock availability for grazing animals.
Develop livestock potential of the area through management of pasture lands
MEC PMU
Negative Impacts
D.7
Management
and
Maintenance of
Project
Social disturbance due
to poor expectation
management of the
project.
Make formal arrangement for continued communication and engagement with local stakeholders, in the form of a community engagement cell.
Hire an independent monitoring consultant, for regular monitoring of the project.
Ensure consistent communication with local communities, even if there are hurdles in project implementation
MEC PMU
Low system efficiency
due to poor
maintenance.
Development and implementation of a proactive maintenance plan for the proposed project/site with predefined periodicity.
Monitoring on regular basis at each project /site location and reporting maintenance status.
MEC PMU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 19
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
D.8 Restriction
on Open-
access Grazing
Restriction on open-
access grazing may
affect livelihoods of
farmers.
Development of comprehensive and fair rotational grazing plan.
All users of grazing land will be given equal rights and access.
MEC PMU
D.9
Downstream
and Protected
Areas
Alteration of Ecological
flows of the Porali
River may have an
effect on the fish and
shrimp in Miani Hor
and thus impact
livelihoods’ of people
which depend on these
resources.
Environmental flow assessments are determined to maintain the hydrological regimes and provide protection of river flows and ecosystem characteristics.
Assessments show that the minimum environmental flow required for Porali River is 0.111 BCM and after diversion and consumption 0.582 BCM water will be released downstream, which is more than 5 times minimum requirements. Thus, there should be no negative impact.
MEC PMU
More cultivated land
will lead to increased
usage of pesticides
and fertilizers, which
have negative effect on
downstream areas,
especially the Miani
Hor and eventually
impact the livelihoods
of people.
Disseminate information regarding sustainable use of fertilizers and insecticides to keep the use at an optimal level.
A comprehensive education and awareness programme for farmers; development of a biodiversity database; community-based sustainable use programmes.
The ESMP included an Integrated Pest Management plan.
MEC PMU
E. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING OPERATION & MAINTENANCE STAGE
Positive Impacts
E.1 Protection
and
Conservation
Groundwater recharge Improved recharge of ground water tables in the project area by water storing techniques and plantation.
Improved watershed and rangeland management technologies to improve soil moisture retention, reducing erosion and improving groundwater recharge.
MEC PMU/BID
River morphology and
flood protection.
The regulated hydrology regime will be more beneficial for the overall ecosystem health, even with reduced total quantity of water, than the current erratic regime.
Flood water diversion schemes will bring very positive impact on the environment through increased fodder and agriculture crop production, which
MEC PMU/BID
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 20
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
would take off pressure from the rangelands of the area in terms of provision of fodder and fuelwood.
Flood water diversion scheme will also help in increasing the productivity of ecosystems and will therefore attract more faunal species in the area. This will help in maintaining and increasing the biodiversity in the project/scheme area.
E.2 Watershed
and Rangeland
Management:
Environmental
Implications
Highland pastures and
biomass Prevent grazing on degraded land, protect areas with good natural
regeneration potential, reseeding/sowing rangelands with palatable species,
Establish grazing management plans based on carrying capacities, and construction of watering ponds for livestock.
Planting of palatable shrubs and trees and reseeding of grass as well as introduction of stall feeding based on fodder production
Rangeland management will introduce rotational grazing and stocking rate limits.
At the irrigation scheme level, watershed management will include drainage improvement, soil and water conservation measures and rehabilitation/protection of irrigable land degraded/endangered by erosion gullies.
MEC PMU/BID
Soil erosion River basin level activities will include soil and water conservation measures (e.g., hillside drains, contour trenches, rainwater harvesting in micro-catchments and plantations).
Construction of water conservation and erosion control works (e.g., loose and pack stone check structures, groundwater recharge ponds, gabions, Kareze rehabilitation, streambed ponds, ditches etc.).
Improved watershed and rangeland management technologies to improve soil moisture retention, reducing erosion and improving groundwater recharge.
By 2021, it is expected that 70,000 ha of land area with high erosion risk will be treated.
MEC PMU/BID
Destruction of
ecosystem and
deforestation.
Conservation of two important ecosystems in Balochistan, namely the Juniper forest in the catchment areas of Nari river basin and the Mangroves forest in the delta of Porali river basins.
The Project will supplement existing environmental protection and conservation of protected juniper and mangrove forests.
Reforestation efforts will also help in the recovery of the critically endangered Balochistan Black Bear.
MEC PMU/BID
Negative Impacts
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 21
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
E.3 Fertilizers
and Pesticides
Enhanced/ induced
use of fertilizers and
pesticides due to
increased cultivation.
An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plan (Annex B) is being prepared as part of the EMP and will be implemented during project operation stage.
Disseminate information regarding sustainable use of fertilizers and insecticides to keep the use at an optimal level.
A comprehensive education and awareness program on sustainable fertilizer use is planned under On Farm Water Management component.
Development of a biodiversity database; community-based sustainable use programmes; developing and strengthening the protected areas system; developing a policy for ex-situ conservation of biodiversity; developing an effective policy framework and enabling legislation; and developing institutional capacity to manage biodiversity.
MEC PMU/BID
E.4 River Water
use for
Agriculture
High Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)
levels in river water
can cause crusting of
seed beds, temporary
saturation of the
surface soil, high pH
and the increased
potential for diseases,
weeds, soil erosion,
lack of oxygen and
inadequate nutrient
availability.
Farmers will be educated on best practices to solve the RSC problem, which will include some of the following:
Injection of sulfuric acid to dissociate the bicarbonate ions (PH around 6.2) giving off carbon dioxide. It allows the calcium and magnesium to stay in solution in relation with the sodium content.
Add gypsum when soils have low free calcium plus leaching.
Add sulfur to soils with high lime content plus leaching
MEC PMU/BID
E.5
Downstream,
Mangrove
Forest and
Wetlands
Diversion will alter the
natural flow rates and
hydro period, degrade
bankline and riparian
habitats, and alter
aquatic community
structure and diversity
in downstream areas.
At the feasibility level, Porali and Nari flows are not assessed to be negatively impacted by the project in terms of their vitality for Miani Hor.
Assessments show that the minimum environmental flow required for Nari and Porali Rivers are 0.082 BCM and 0.111 BCM1 and that after diversion and consumption, 1.005 BCM and 0.582 BCM water will be released downstream, which is 12 times and 5 times more than the minimum requirements of these rivers.
MEC PMU/BID
1 ADB TA 4560-PAK (2008); Supporting Implementation of IWRM Policy in Balochistan, Asian Development Bank, the Philippines.
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 22
Project
Activities
Environmental
Impacts
Mitigation/Compensation/ Enhancement Measures Institutional Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
This may have a
negative effect on the
ecosystems in the
Miani Hor.
Pesticide residue in
water bodies
Based on secondary information organochlorine pesticide residue in water is low but high in sediments in Miani Hor.
Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residue is recommended to establish the baseline during the early stage of project implementation and follow-up monitoring to compare with the baseline.
The concentrations of DDT, HCH, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin and Heptachlor in marine biota of Miani Hor are lower than the limit of carcinogenicity from fish consumption as set by United States Environmental Protection Agency.
MEC PMU/BID
Limited sediment
discharge in Maini Hor Porali is a seasonal river that drains only when there is rain in its catchment
area so very seldom it makes any impact on the water quality of Miani Hor.2
Sediment will be evenly distributed both in project schemes and downstream stretches.
MEC PMU/BID
2 Syed, N. A. et. Al (2014); A Study of the Dynamics of Miani Hor Coastal Lagoon, Pakistan and Failure of Damb Fish Harbour, International Journal of Science and Technology Volume 3 No. 8.
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 23
1.7 Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring plan along with the frequency and responsible organization is
presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Environmental Monitoring Plan
Parameter Location Means of
Monitoring Frequency
Responsible Agency
Implementation Supervision
Surface water
flow and
quality
10 locations (8
at the scheme
level and two
in the
downstream
discharge
points (one
before Hamal
lake and one
before Miani
Hor discharge
points)
Sampling and
analysis of river
water quality and
waste water
discharges for the
parameters given
in NEQS 2000
and
Organochlorine
Pesticides
Monthly
during
monsoon
Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Quarterly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Annually External Monitor
(PMU through a
nationally
recognized
laboratory)
PSIAC, PMU
Spot
measurements of
pH, conductivity,
turbidity; visual
inspection of
presence of
petroleum
products
Monthly PSIAC PSIAC, PMU
Sediment
quality
2 samples
from
downstream
locations at
Hamal Lake
and Miani Hor
Laboratory
measurements of
organochlorine
pesticide residue
Quarterly External Monitor
(PMU through a
nationally
recognized
laboratory)
PSIAC, PMU
Annually MEC, PMU
Marine biota Miani Hor DDT, HCH,
Aldrin, Dieldrin,
Endrin and
Heptachlor in
marine biota of
Miani Hor
Quarterly External Monitor
(PMU through a
nationally
recognized
laboratory)
PSIAC, PMU
Annually MEC, PMU
Groundwater
quality
16 samples,
one from each
water supply
schemes
Sampling and
analysis of
groundwater
quality for
drinking water
Quarterly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Annually External Monitor
(PMU through a
nationally
recognized
laboratory)
PSIAC, PMU
Air Quality
(dust, smoke)
Along the
access and
haul road
Visual inspection
to ensure good
standard
equipment is in
use and dust
Daily Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 24
Parameter Location Means of
Monitoring Frequency
Responsible Agency
Implementation Supervision
suppression
measures
(sprinkling) are in
place
Along the
access and
haul road
Visual inspection
to ensure dust
suppression work
plan is being
implemented
Daily Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Air Quality
(PM10, NO2,
SO2, CO2, CO)
Along the
access and
haul road
Air quality
monitoring for 24
hours for the
parameters
specified in
NEQS 2000
Quarterly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Annually External Monitor
(PMU through a
nationally
recognized
laboratory)
PSIAC, PMU
Emissions
from plant and
equipment
Close to
construction
area
Visual inspection Monthly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Noise and
vibration
Close to noise
generating
equipment and
road
24 hour noise
monitoring
Quarterly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
24 hour noise
monitoring
Annually External Monitor
(through a
nationally
recognized
laboratory)
PSIAC, PMU
Spot
measurements
Monthly PSIAC PSIAC, PMU
Waste
Management
Storage and
camp area
Visual inspection
that solid waste is
disposed of at
designated sites
Monthly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Spills from
hydrocarbon
and chemical
storage
Storage area Visual inspection
for leaks and
spills
Monthly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Operation of
borrow sites
Borrow and
quarry areas
Visual inspection
of quarry sites
Monthly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Biodiversity
monitoring
Miani Hor Collection of
information on
presence,
seasonal
behavior and
biotope
characteristics of
aquatic species
and flora in
selected locations
Half yearly PMU through
Study Consultant
PSIAC, PMU
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 25
Parameter Location Means of
Monitoring Frequency
Responsible Agency
Implementation Supervision
Traffic safety Visual inspection
to ensure Traffic
Management
Plan is
implemented
Monthly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Local roads Visual inspection
to ensure local
roads are not
damaged
Monthly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Drinking water
and sanitation
Ensuring
construction
workers are
provided with safe
water and
sanitation
facilities on site
Weekly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Safety of
workers
Usage of
personal
protective
equipment
Monthly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Erosion Visual inspection
in all areas where
run-off leaves
bare and at
important
drainage features
(ditches, gullies,
etc.) after major
rainfall events
Weekly Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Reinstatement
of work sites
Visual Inspection After
completion
of all works
Contractor PSIAC, PMU
Plantation Visual inspection
to ensure
plantations are
growing well
Monthly Contractor PSIAC,
PMU,
External
Monitor
1.8 Capacity Building and Training
A budget of USD 0.25 million has been earmarked for capacity building. The training plan shall
include a program for the delivery of intermittent training, to cover the subjects included in Table
3.
Table 3: Training Subjects for Inclusion in Contractors Training Plan
Training Subject Target Audience
Environmental Code of Practices All staff
Handling, use & disposal of hazardous material Construction workers with authorised access
to hazardous material storage areas and
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 26
Training Subject Target Audience
required to use hazardous material during
their works
Waste Management All staff (construction and camp staff)
Efficient& safe driving practices, including road
& vehicle restrictions
Drivers & mobile plant operators
Actions to be taken in the event of major or
minor pollution event on land
All construction staff
Use of flexible booms and surface skimmers in
event of pollution event in water
All construction staff working on diversion
weir, headwork structure and canals
Pollution prevention: Best practice All staff
Health & Safety: Safe way to work & hazard
awareness
All construction staff and O&M Staff
Health & Safety: Safe use of plant & equipment Operators of plant & equipment
Health & Safety: Working at height Staff colony and regulator construction staff
Health & Safety: Working near/on water All construction staff working on diversion
weir, headwork structure and canals
Health & Safety: Working near/on water All construction staff working on barges
Health & Safety: Use of PPE All construction staff
Occupational Health and Safety To all persons entering the construction site
Emergency procedures and evacuation All staff
Diver training All divers
Spill clean-up training Contractor’s spill management staff
Fire fighting All staff
Site inductions, including requirements under
the Environmental Management Plan & details
of environmentally sensitive areas of the site
All staff
Culturally sensitive awareness rising on
HIV/AIDS and the spread of sexually
transmitted diseases. Awareness raising on
risks, prevention and available treatment of
vector-borne diseases
All staff
Cultural sensitivities of the local population On induction of all non-local staff
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 27
1.9 Cost of EMP
The cost of implementing the EMP is USD 29.14 million. Details of EMP costs are given in Table
4.
Table 4: EMP Implementation Cost Estimates
Description Estimated Cost
(million USD)
1 Watershed and Rangeland Management (also
included with project cost) 19.64
2 OFWM Demonstration (also included with project
cost) 2.24
3 Implementation of EMP by Contractor (also
included with project cost) 1.00
4 Environmental staff in PSIAC 0.75
5 ESSU staff in PMU 0.50
6 Internal auditing 0.25
7 Capacity building, institutional strengthening 0.25
8 Monitoring of air, noise, sediment, biota, and
water quality 0.40
10 Tree plantation and landscaping 0.25
11 Biodiversity Conservation and Fisheries Studies 1.33
12 Physical and Cultural Heritage Management
Plan 0.10
13 Communication Strategy 0.25
14 Monitoring and Evaluation Consultant 1.93
15 Contingencies 0.25
Total 29.14
1.10 Stakeholder Consultation
Consultations on environmental aspects of the project were held potentially affected groups and
held with various stakeholders during the preparation of the Environmental Assessment. These
consultations were initially held after environmental screening and then once the first draft EA
report was prepared. . They included group dialogues, individual household dialogue and focused
discussions with women. A conscious attempt was made to include all the tribes in the project
area to ensure that all opinions were considered.
The consultation revealed that project-affected people are either unaware or are ambivalent
towards proposed development schemes. This general lack of awareness was evident through
slight disapproval at some instances, possibly due to the fear of relocation. The concerns voiced
by potentially affected communities informed the mitigation measures to avoid or reduce and
manage negative impacts, including the formulation of a cross-agency project steering committee,
and independent expert review of all infrastructure designs. Public awareness raising activities
and regular engagement with affected communities will be emphasized in the communication plan
as a way to regularly consult with potentially affected groups throughout project implementation.
Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project 28
1.11 Disclosure
This Environmental Assessment will be submitted to Balochistan EPA and the World Bank for
disclosure in country and at the InfoShop. This Executive Summary will be translated into Urdu
and the English and Urdu versions will be disclosed to the public on the BEPA website.
1.12 Overall Conclusion
The findings of this EA have provided information on the nature and extent of environmental
impacts arising from the construction and operation of the Project. The EA has, where
appropriate, identified mitigation measures to ensure compliance with environmental legislation
and standards. The EA Report for the development of BIWRDP predicts that the Project will
generally comply with national and provincial environmental legislation and standards and the
WBG Policies, Procedures and Guidelines provided the proposed construction and operation
stage mitigation measures are implemented. It also demonstrates the general acceptability of the
residual impacts from the Project and the protection of the population and environmentally
sensitive areas.