Environmental Aspects of Offshore Wind...
Transcript of Environmental Aspects of Offshore Wind...
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Environmental Aspects ofOffshore Wind Energy
05.07.2017
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Claus Böttcher © NOAA
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Who is speaking
• State Gov. ofSchleswig-Holstein(Ministry for Energy,Agriculture, the Environment,Nature and Digitisation)
• co-author and co-developer of thegrowing projectwww.underwatermunitions.de
• managing director ofBLANO Expert groupon underwatermunitions, Germany
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Claus Böttcher
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Do you remember?
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Artillery shells on seabed
Windfarm Riffgat:grand opening - without powerline
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Did you notice?
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• Moored sea mine floated off Windfarm „Godewind“ onJanuary, 10th
• Detonated on purposenext day, close to port ofWilhelmshaven
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Examples from German Media (Year 2012)
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Kalifornien (D)The boy with yellow hands
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End Juli 2012 – tourist beach close to Kalifornien,Municipality Schönberg, Kreis Plön, Schleswig-Holstein
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What about?
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Warfar material
pay load
Chemicalwarfare agent
Explosive orIgnition agent
Fuse
Chemicalwarfare agent
contained or louse
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Pathways & fate of sea dumpedwarfare material
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MVG = former munitions dumping area
Aging &corrosion
Point source ofcontamination
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Offshore Wind & minecountermeasures during WW II
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Offshore power- and pipe lines &likelyhood to encounter large WW II UXO
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10 large munition items
26 large munition items
20 large munition itemsEncounters2016: 92015: 362014: + 162013: 30 t www.underw
atermunitions.de
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> 30 t
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Dumping of chemical weapons
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Chemical Munitions and barrels with S-Lost on Board of “Marcy” atNordenham (Bremerhaven) – dumped under supervision ofU.S. Military Administration in Germany in the Skagerrak.
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KC 250 TabunChemical bombdumped: 28.04-03.05.1945remediated: 1960
Moored mines Baltic Sea
15 cm Tabun Shelldumped: 28.04.1945
remediated: 1960
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Environmental impact
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Problem areas
CorrosionRelease of chemicalcompounds into sea waterand sediment
Noise of blastset. al. Risk fordivers and seamammals.
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Sea dumped chemical weapons –Northeast Atlantic
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© Google Earth + http://cns.miis.edu
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NATIONAL PROGRAM ONUNDERWATER MUNITIONS
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Milestones
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1969/71
Report „Chemical munitions in southern andwestern Baltic“ (Fed. Maritime Agency, 1993)
„Jäckel-Report“ on offshore dumping ofchemical munitions (Min. of Defense)
1993
Update und expansion ofthe study of FMA from 1993
geographically on German territorial waters
thematically on conventional munitions
2009
WG
1940er
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BLMP-Report (Effective 2011)
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BLMP-Bericht„Munitions in German Marine Waters -
Stocktaking and Recommendations(Effective 2011)”
December 5th, 2011
app. 1,100 pages
Cross-administrativeworking group offederal and coastalstates representatives
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Overall assessment (Effective 2011)
Currently, it is not discernible that a large-scale threat to the marine environment
exists beyond the local area ofmunitions contaminated areas,
nor is any foreseeable in the future.
Hazards exists for people involved inactivities bringing them into direct contactwith the sea floor of the North and Baltic
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Simplified Chart onmunitions-contaminated areas (2011)
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German part of North Seard. 1.300.000 t
rd. 90 t
German part of Baltic Seard. 300.000 t
rd. 5.000 t
Munitionsconventional
chemical
Number and density of symbols do notreflect the magnitude of
potential munitions contamination.(t = metric tons)!
munitions dumpsitesmunitions-contaminated areasuspected munitions-contaminated area
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AIMS OF THEGERMAN PROGRAM ON…
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Notification and reporting system
• Incidents with– UXO, DMM or
munitionsconstituents offshore:
– Explosives, ChemicalWarfare Agents(CWA) or whitePhosphorus
• Unified vocal pointfounded recently
• Operational 2013
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Reports of incidents
148 117 218 2640
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2013 2014 2015 2016
ReportsMun. Items
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Research in German undInternational Military archives
• German Federal Archives– Department Military Archive (Freiburg)– German Military History Office
• Municipal and local archives– Sea port records– Village and town chronicles
• International archives– Imperial War Museum (London)– The National Archive, Washington DC.– Archive of Allied Forces Council (WW II)
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Are these mines anywhere?
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The traffic system of constraint routes:
4 Halifax and43 StirlingAircrafts
deployed groundmines -
9 mines havefallen on land
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British ground mine Mark VI
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20
40
20
35
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Re-located
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The munitions cadastre
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https://www.amucad.org
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Transparency & awareness
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„Living document“
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• Annualupdates
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Experiments with Bundeswehr TechnicalCenter for Ships and Naval Weapons
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Abb. Nützel(WTD 71)
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„Bionicles“ for UXO recovery
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w w w . u n d e r w a t e r m u n i t i o n s . d eProf. Staubach, Nadal – Weißensee Kunsthochschule, Berlin 2013
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Explosives & marine ecosystem
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Source: https://www.boell.de/en/oceanatlas
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Homepages of projects
• CHEMSEA – chemical munitions– www.chemsea.eu
• DAIMON – decision support– www.daimonproject.com
• UDEMM – explosives in marine environment– https://udemm.geomar.de
• RoBEMM – robotic remediation– www.munitionsraeumung-meer.de
• MUNITECT – efficient sensors– www.munitect.de
• USA – projects of DoD– https://www.serdp-estcp.org
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