ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Environment Management

Optimal utilization of the finite resources btw different possible uses.

Environmental criteria and economic considerations demand that such an allocation be efficient. (protection from degradation & protection for scarce and diminishing resources)

ResourcesTangible: Airflows, water, minerals, fuels, food,

materials

Intangible: Nutrient cycling, climate regulation and removal. Degradation of residuals or wastes

Aesthetic: Scenic, Recreational and other pleasing features

Renewable vs Non- renewable

Environmental ManagementBroadens the concept in scope to include development

and enhancement of environmental quality.

Extend the concept of time to include sustainable long term feasibility

Assesses the costs to the society and the environment in achieving the desired balance between dimensions between the above mentioned .

Comprehensive planning that takes into account the side effects of man's activities and thereby protects and improves the human environment for

Present and future generations.

Impact of EM DecisionsThe enterprise and the community are part of one

system:therefore, decisions must be taken by the community.

Potential consequences of actions before their implementations to assess their impact on the total system.(Balanced solution for the enterprise as well as the community)

Sound environmental management, which is cost effective since it achieves higher productivity through a more efficient use of energy and raw materials, increases workforce motivation, achieve enterprise goals of survival , growth and profitability, with limited community conflict.

Series of compromises using limited resources to achieve multiple goals.

EnvironmentConglomerate of all basic and applied sciences,

engineering ,socio economic aspects, management & law.

Factors responsible for Diversity: Ethnic, geological, Geographical, Climatic, Social consideration, Economic and cultural Circumstances

Human Environment: Matrix of elements derived by evolution through nature and contained by culture/ sum total of identified and identifiable natural resources existing in finite qualities on earth and of the quality of renewable resources.

Sustainable DevelopmentRate of consumption or use of natural resources

should approximate the rate at which these resources can be substituted or replaced.

Principle of justice and equity

System Analysis: hoe economic, social and environmental system interact at various scales of operation for optimal balance among three variables.

Sustainable developmentBruntland commission (1972)Development initiatives be initiated in such

a way that future generations can enjoy the benefits of nature without any compromise.

Important elements in achieving sustainability (Regulation, consumer awareness, companies solution of end of pipe problems, company’s green product development).

Stockholm Summit, 1972Rio:earth Summit 1992

Fundamentals concerning: SD

Population & its implicationI=P*A*T ( I=impact on environment,

P=population , A= Affluence(consumption)T= Technology Co-efficient)

1804 1927 1960 1974 1987 2000 2013 2028

Details of world population

Limit to growthEconomyPovertyHuman Settlement issueLand ResourcesForestsMountainsAgricultureBiodiversityProtection on oceansBusiness and IndustryEcological DeficitVillage and community Involvement

Energy IssueFossil Fuels: Oil, Coal, natural GasSolar Energy: wind energy, water energy, Bio

massNuclear Energy

Non- conventional Renewable Energy resources

Solar, wind, Bio-mass, Hydro-power(15%of its potential is being used in developing world).

Greenpeace international estimates that wind energy could supply 10%of world electricity deman by 2020.

Solar energy- Photovoltaic Cells(production from 0.1 megawatt to 200 megawatt in 1999)

Energy policy: 19.7% in 1st Five year plan to 27% in 8th Five year plan.

India:Energy scenarioEnergy Reserves : NO. 3 in world

ranking;15% of the coal produced domestically.

Thorium: 363 thousand tonnesUranium: 34,000 tonnes(44% is

economically exploitable)Nuclear Option: safety and economics of

radio active waste disposal and decommissioning)

S P O T AnalysisSECONDARY PRIMARY OPPORTUNITY THREAT.Nature of strategic information provided by a

SPOT analysis depends on situation of the company whereas stakeholder is already identified

Environmental issues: area of human activity that have potential adverse and direct impact on public health / environment.

Climate : Facing Up to a Red Line

Red Line: It is the limit beyond which large scale, irreversible and possible catastrophic effects can take place in the world due to climate Change.

The principle responsibility for keeping within the redline lies with the largest per capita emitters, while developing countries must do all possible to improve their GDP to emission ratios.

The limit is accepted is 2 degree Centigrade rose in average global temperature which translates into a level of atmospheric GHG level pf 450 ppmv (parts per million by volume)

Total emission must be within 1000 GT ( Giga Tonnes ) of Carbon Di Oxide during 2000-2050.

During 2000-2006 already 234 GT were emitted.Emission pattern: carbon di Oxide : 72 %; Methane : 18

%, Nitrous Oxide = 9% , CFC

RED- LINEPresent Carbon Di Oxide level is 384 ppmv which is

increasing @ 2 ppmv per year.Global temperature have already increased by about

1 to 1.5 Degree Celcius over the last 60 yrsQuickest natural process by which carbon Di oxide is

absorbed by dissolution (about 80% of injected atmospheric carbon Di oxide in the sea`water of earth’s oceans with a time cycle of the order of 300 yrs.

Global carbon Di oxide – 28 GT Per Year ( China –6.1,US- 5.75, EU-3.91, Russia-1.56,India-1.51, japan- 10.1)

Per capita Consumption( US- 19 Tonnes per year,Canada: 16.7, Russia- 10.9, Japan: 10.1, South Korea- 9.9, EU- 7.8, China- 4.2, India-1.4)

One human Being : 0.3 tonnes per year

BRIEF INTRODUCTIONThe Indian Automobile industry includes

two-wheelers, trucks, cars, buses and three-wheelers which play a crucial role in growth of the Indian economy.

India has emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of automobiles.

The country is expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the nation's roads by 2050

INDIAN AUTOMOBILE SECTOR AS ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUSHydrocarbons - are emissions caused by partially

burnt fuel molecules and they react in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight to from ground level ozone.

Nitrogen Oxides are the gases of precursors to the formation of ozone and also contribute in the formation of acid rain. Ironically the catalytic converters are designed to break down nitrogen gases are generally forming nitrous oxide which is more potent as pollutant than carbon dioxide as greenhouse gas.

Carbon monoxide emissions great share comes from the commercial vehicles especially the heavier ones.

Carbon Dioxide in greater quantities traps the earth's heat and contributes to global warming.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FACED BY THE INDUSTRYCars use Petrol and Diesel which are a

mixture of Hydrocarbons and compounds usually contain Hydrogen and carbon items.

The government is taking and has taken steps to introduce catalytic converters in the country a few years back to reduce air pollution.

Companies like Tata Motors and Mahindra are fine tuning their Diesel engines for optimum performance and reduced emission. In the two-wheelers category the companies like Hero Honda is providing pollution free vehicles.

CondtGovernment has to take a proactive role to

reduce the pollution levels in the country and should try phasing out old vehicles and impose heavy fines on cars and heavy vehicles th

It should provide tax benefits to electric cas like Reva as they don't pollute the environment and take very little space on the already congested Indian roads at pollute the environment.

Today in India several new trends are emerging to tackle the problem of pollution like people are opting for car pools while a small number are cycling their way to work.

GREE RATING PROGRAMThe Green Rating of Indian Industry project

was started by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) in 1996 to address an array of environmental issues facing all segments of Indian industries.

Green Rating of automobile sector was a great challenge owing to diversity between companies in their production processes as well as the products manufactured.

TOYOTA

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

TOYOTA INTRODUCTION

Toyota was founded by Sakichi Toyoda. It traces the company's development

through 1937 from when Toyota Motor Corporation was established to when the 2 millionth Prius hybrid was sold.

Toyota is the seventh largest company in the world and the second largest manufacturer of automobiles, with production facilities in 28 nations around the world.

TOYOTA HISTORYAs it looks ahead to 2020, Toyota believes

that re-examining the relationship between nature and industry and pursuing harmony between manufacturing, people, society in general, and nature is extremely important.

Toyota has worked continuosly to the contribution to the sustainable development of society through manufacturing & provision of innovative & quality products & service that lead times

VISION & MISSION

VISIONDelight the customers through innovative

products,by utilizing advanced technologies & services.

MISSIONTouch the heart of the customers by providing

products & services of superior quality at competitive prices.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEReduction in power usagePreduction in water consumptionCoverage of dealership complaint with ISO

14001Coverage of suppliers complaint with ISO

14001

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

Alternative fuels, advancing battery power and lowering emissions ? discover Toyota's plans for tomorrow's eco friendly vehicles.

First to market and most driven in the world, Toyota Hybrids are already synonymous with fun and fuel-efficiency

CONTINUE…………….Compact and spacious, Toyota's electric cars

are a great eco-conscious vehicle for day-to-day driving around town.

Mixing the proven engineering of current Hybrids with home recharging, the next step for eco-cars is the Plug-in Hybrid.

CONTINUE……..Using hydrogen for energy, Toyota's original

fuel cell hybrid is better for the Earth and the next stage in vehicle evolution.

From specifications to in-depth technical descriptions, gain insight into the past, present and future of Toyota's eco-technology.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In 1992 Toyota established its Guiding Principles in direct response to the international initiatives agreed to at the ‘Earth Summit’ in Rio.

Toyota is at the forefront of environmental developments in business

There plants are ISO 14001 certified, but also request the same environmental awareness and certification from our suppliers.

GREEN ADVANTAGE (ZERO EMISSIONS)

Developed advanced environmental technology & save costs through lower fuel consumption and make a clear statement towards environmental protection.

Our aim is not only to reduce emissions from our vehicles, but we want to make the entire life-cycle of a car more environmentally friendly.

GREEN TECHNOLOGIESToyota is investing heavily in green

technologies such as cleaner diesel engines, hybrid powertrains and alternative fuels.

Clean Diesel Engines.Common rail diesel technology.ISO14001 - environment, OHSAS18001- health

& safety, ISO9001 – quality.

ALTERNATIVE FUELSIn 2002, Toyota was the world’s first

automobile manufacturer to commercialise Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles (FCHVs) in Japan and the U.S.

Launch of the Toyota Eco-Project in 1997

REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE Toyota designs and manufactures cars with reduced

waste and easier material recovery. Reducing waste is central to any environmental

concept. For Toyota that means manufacturing vehicles in ways that ensure maximum energy efficiency and minimum waste.

Reusing materials starts with a simple dismantling process.

Recycling batteries, tyres, and oil filters requires an efficient collection system.

BASIC STANCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Toyota Environment Committee has been established for the purpose of examining and crafting responses to the issues facing product development and design, production and logistics & environment management.

GLOBAL WARMING PREVENTION INITIATIVES Reducing CO2 EmissionsHelping prevent global warming is a top priority

management issue at Toyota, which is implementing measures to reduce CO2 emissions by restricting energy consumption in all areas of business activities, in all stages of vehicle development and in design, production, logistics and sales.

Eco Driving"Eco driving" is an environmentally-considerate way of

driving that reduces the amount of CO2emissions. If every person made an effort to drive in a more environmentally considerate fashion, it would be a significant help in the battle against global warming. Presented here are some of the fundamentals of "eco-driving."

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMToyota Product System relies on two basic

concepts: 1.Just-in-time In this each process produces only what is needed

by the next process in a continuous flow. 2.Jidoka It means that when a problem occurs, the

equipment stops immediately, preventing defective products from being produced.

By manufacturing products only as they are needed, and by keeping a tight control of quality, the Toyota Production System prevents waste and therefore reduces the amount of energy, raw materials and other resources used, making it a powerful asset in Toyota’s approach towards sustainability.

ENVIRONMENT AWARDS2001: Automotive Engineering International "Best

Engineered Car of 2001 Award“2000: International Engine of the Year Award "Best

Eco-Friendly Engine“1999: International Engine of the Year Award "Best

Eco-Friendly Engine

TOYOTA BIODIVERSITY MEASURES

Main Examples of Toyota's Biodiversity Conservation Activities

CONCLUSION