Environment dependent organization perspective
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Perspective of organizational change
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Environment dependent organization perspective
The organizational environment is the set of forces surrounding an organization that have the potential to affect the way it operates and its access to sThe environment consists of specific and general forces. Specific forces directly affect an organization’s ability to obtain resources. General forces shape the specific environment and affect the ability of all organizations in a particular environment to obtain scarce resources.
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6 - 3
The Organizational Environment
Organization
Specific Forces
Demographic / Cultural Forces
General Forces
Environmental Forces
Economic Forces
Technological Forces
International Forces
Political Forces
Customers
Government
Suppliers Unions
Distributors
Competitors
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Contingency perspective
Contingency theory states that in order to manage its environment effectively, an organization should design its structure to fit with its environment.
A poor fit between structure and environment leads to failure, a close fit leads to success
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Managing in a Changing Global Environment
Sources of Environmental Uncertainty: complexity, dynamism, and richness
As the environment becomes more complex, less stable, and poorer, the level of uncertainty increases.
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Managing in a Changing Global Environment
The Effect of Uncertainty on Differentiation and Integration in Three Industries
Degree of uncertainty
Plastics Food-processing ContainerVariable industry industry industry
Environmental variable
Uncertainty (complexity,dynamism, richness)
Structural variables
Departmental differentiation
Cross-functional integration
High Moderate Low
High Moderate Low
High Moderate Low
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Resource dependence perspective
Resource dependence theory argues thatthe goal of an organization is to:
Minimize its dependence on other organizations for the supply of scarce resources AND To find ways of influencing these organizations to make resources availableOrganizations develop various strategies to manage their resource dependencies and control their access to scarce resources
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Population-ecology perspective
Population perspective advocate studying a population of multitude of an organisation rather than focusing on only one organisation population refer to organisations in a particularSector that occupy an ecological niche in the environment which in turn provide resources for the organization
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Institutional perspective
Institutional theory focuses on the deeper and more resilient aspects of social structure. It considers the processes by which structures, including schemas, rules, norms, and routines, become established as authoritative guidelines for social behavior.
Scott (1995) indicates that, in order to survive, organizations must conform to the rules and belief systems prevailing in the environment
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Evolutionary perspective
This theory says that organisational evolution occur through the interaction of internal convergent forces for stability and external change for change as mediated by executive leadership and one must recognise these forces to understand organisational evolution,
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Adaptation perspective
This perspective emphasises voluntarism and views the phenomenon of organisational as occuring in the following way. organisation scan for the relevent organizational environment, formulate strategic response to environmental change and attempt to adapt to changing environmental contexts in order to ensure organisational survival
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Process oriented perspective
Process oriented change perspective address organization’s changing cultural and human system using technology.
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Pattern in the change process
Lewin model of change process is one of the most powerful models on human systems in this model, lewin has provided three stages to bring about change in any system-unfreezing, changing and refreezing
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Alternative perspective
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Spiritual perspective
According to this perspective individual, organizationAs well as the society as a whole looks forward to non material, spiritual quality while seeking transformation
Core, non- economic beliefs , values and an empowering culture
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Vedic science perspective
Given by maharshi mahesh yogiCombination of top down approach(planned) and bottom up approach(learning)It focus on the objective aspects of an
organisation
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Rajesh Kumar,MBA,pondicherry
university