Environment and market
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Transcript of Environment and market
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Chapter 3Analyzing Marketing Opportunity
Today you have to run faster to stay in the same place.
Philip Kotler
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Learning Objectives
1. Gathering information and Measuring Market Demand.
2. Scanning the marketing environment.3. Analyzing consumer markets and buyer
behavior.
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1. Gathering information and Measuring Market Demand.
MIS Marketing Research Process
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MIS
People ,equipment,and procedures to gather,sort,analyze,evaluate, and distribute needed,timely,and accurate information to marketing decision makers.
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MIS’s STRUCTURE
Internal databasesMarketing intelligenceMarketing researchInformation analysis
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Marketing Research Process
Defining the problem and research objective Developing the research plan for collecting
information Implementing the research plan-collecting and
analyzing the data Interpreting and reporting the findings
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Relative terms
Exploratory research Descriptive research Causal research Secondary data Primary data Online databases
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Relative terms
observational research Survey research Single-source data system Experimental research Focus group interviewing Online marketing research
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2.Marketing Environment
Tracking & Identifying Opportunities in the Macroenvironment
Demographic, Economic, Natural, Technological, Political, & Cultural Developments
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Macroenvironmental Forces
World trade enablers Asian economic power Rise of trade blocs International monetary crises Use of barter & countertrade Move towards market economies “Global” lifestyles
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Macroenvironmental Forces
Opening of “new” markets Emerging transnational firms Cross-border strategic alliances Regional ethnic & religious conflict Global branding
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Demographic EnvironmentWorldwide Population Growth
Population Age Mix
Ethnic Markets
Household Patterns
Educational Groups
Geographical Shifts in Population
Shift from Mass Market to Micromarkets
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Economic Environment
Income DistributionSubsistence economies
Raw-material-exporting economies
Industrializing economies
Industrial economies
Savings, Debt, & Credit Availability
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NaturalEnvironment
Higher PollutionLevels
Increased Costsof Energy
Shortage of Raw Materials
Changing Roleof Government
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Accelerating Paceof Change
Unlimited Opportunitiesfor Innovation
IncreasedRegulation
Issues in the TechnologicalEnvironment
VaryingR & D Budgets
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Political-Legal
Environment
IncreasedLegislation
Special-InterestGroups
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Social/Cultural Environment
OfOfOrganizationsOrganizations
OfOfNatureNature
OfOfOneselfOneself
OfOfSocietySociety
OfOfthe Universethe Universe
OfOfOthersOthersViews
That ExpressValues
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Social/Cultural Environment
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Review
Tracking & Identifying Opportunities in the Macroenvironment
Demographic, Economic, Natural, Technological, Political, & Cultural Developments
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Microenvironment
Company Suppliers Marketing intermediaries Customers Competitors public
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3.Consumer Behavior
1. Major factors influencing buyer behavior2. The buying decision process3. The stages of the buying decision process4. Reference concepts
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Simple Response Model
StimulusStimulus OrganismOrganism ResponseResponse
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Model of Buying Behavior
Buyer’s decisionprocessProblem recognitionInformation searchEvaluationDecisionPostpurchase behavior
OtherstimuliEconomicTechnologicalPoliticalCultural
Buyer’scharacteristicsCulturalSocialPersonalPsychological
Buyer’s decisionsProduct choiceBrand choiceDealer choicePurchase timingPurchase amount
MarketingstimuliProductPricePlacePromotion
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Culture
Cultural Factors
SubcultureSocial Class
Buyer
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Social Factors
ReferenceGroups
Roles &StatusesFamily
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Influences on Consumer Behavior
Personal Influences
Age and Family Life Cycle Stage
Lifestyle
Occupation &Economic Circumstances
Personality & Self-Concept
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Psychological Factors
Perception Learning
Beliefs &Attitudes
Motivation
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Maslow’s Hierarchyof Needs
Psychological needs(food, water, shelter)1
Safety needs(security, protection)2
Social needs(sense of belonging, love)3
Esteem needs(self-esteem, recognition)
4
Self-actualization
(self-developmentand realization)
5
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Four Types of Buying Behavior
ComplexBuying
Behavior
Dissonance-Reducing Buying
Behavior
Variety-SeekingBehavior
HabitualBuying
Behavior
Significantdifferences
betweenbrands
Fewdifferences
betweenbrands
HighInvolvement
LowInvolvement
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Consumer BuyingProcessProblemProblem
recognitionrecognition
Informationsearch
Evaluation ofalternatives
Purchasedecision
Postpurchasebehavior
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TotalSet
Decision Making Sets
Aware-nessSet
Consid-eration
SetChoice
Set Decision
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Steps Between Evaluation of Alternatives and a Purchase Decision
EvaluationEvaluationofof
alternativesalternatives
Purchasedecision
Unanticipatedsituational
factors
Attitudeof others
Purchaseintention
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How Customers Use orDispose of Products
Product
Get rid of ittemporarily
Get rid of itpermanently
Keep it
Loan it
Rent it
Store it
Convertto new
purpose
Use fororiginalpurpose
Give itaway
Trade it
Sell it
Throw itaway
Direct toconsumer
Tointermediary
Throughmiddleman
To beused
To be(re)sold
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Reference concepts
Customer value and satisfaction Customer value Relationship marketing
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(1)The major factors influencing buying behavior
Cultural factors Social factors Personal factors Psychological factors
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Cultural factors
Culture Subculture Social class
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Social class
Social classes are relatively homogeneous and enduring divisions in a society,which are hierarchically ordered and whose members share similar values ,interests, and behavior.
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Social factors Reference groups Family Roles and statuses
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Reference groups Reference groups consists of all the
groups that have a direct (face-to-face) or indirect influence on the person’s attitudes or behavior.
Groups having a direct influence on a person are called membership groups.(direct groups)
Indirect reference groups
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Reference groups
Aspirational groups are those the person hopes to join.
Dissociative groups are those whose values or behavior an individual rejects.
Opinion leader is the person in informal product-related communications who offer advice or information about a specific product or product category.
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Family
Family procreation----one’s spouse and children
Types of Family
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Types of Family
Skippies(student-kids with income and purchasing power)
Mobys(mother old and baby young) Dinks(double income,no kids) Dewks(double income with kids) Puppies( 贫穷的城市职员) Woofs( 富裕的老人)
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Roles and status
A person participates in many groups----family, club, organization.
The person’s position in each group can be defined in terms of role and status.
A role consists of the activities that a person is expected to perform.
Each person carried a status.
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Personal factors Age and stage in the life cycle Occupation and economic
circumstances Lifestyle Personality and self-concept
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Lifestyle A lifestyle is the person’s pattern of living in
the world as expressed in activities, interests, and opinion.
Lifestyle portrays the “whole person “ interacting with his or her environment.
Markerters search for relationships between their products and lifestyle groups.
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VAL2 (value and lifestyles)
Actualizers Fulfilled Achievers Experiences Believers Strivers Makers Stuggles
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Personality and self-concept
By personality, we mean distinguishing psychological characteristics that lead to relatively consistent and enduring responses to environment.
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Psychological factors
Motivation Perception Learning Beliefs and attitude
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The Cinema Two Week CycleThe Cinema Two Week CycleGoing to the movies is not a two hour event for Identity Builders it is Going to the movies is not a two hour event for Identity Builders it is
a complex planning and evaluating process that offers many oppa complex planning and evaluating process that offers many opportunities to marketer. ortunities to marketer.
Note in S.E. Asia markets cinema attendance by teens is among highest in theworld with an average of around one film a month.
The Day(6-7 hours)The Day(6-7 hours)
The Week before- picking the film, who to go with, where to see, when - PLANNING
Gettingto
the Venue
TheMovie
Eating, Malling, Getting home
The Week After -talking about the Day, assessing the film, the school yard discussion. -REVIEWING
2 hoursHanging Out all day with friend
AND THEN IT STARTS AGAINAND THEN IT STARTS AGAIN
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The buying decision process
Buying roles Buying behavior Complex buying behavior Dissonance-reducing buyer behavior Habitual buying behavior Variety-seeking buying behavior
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the stage of the buying decision process
Problem recognition Information search Evaluation of alternatives Purchase decision Postpurchase behavior
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4.Business buyer behavior
Business Market Model of Business Buyer Behavior
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Business market
Characteristics of Business Derived demand
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Derived demand
Business demand that ultimately comes from the demand for consumer goods.
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Business buying behavior
Straight rebuy Modified rebuy New task Systems buying
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Participants in the business buying process
Buying centrer User Influencers Deciders gatekeepers
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Major influences on business buyer behavior
Environmental Organizational Interpersonal Individual buyers