ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN INTERACTION

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What is ENVIRONMENT??

Physical + Biological factors + Chemical interactions Organism

Every thing around us .

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Components of EnvironmentAmerican literature

British literature Others

Hydrosphere Biotic1.Producers 2.Consumers

3.Decomposers

Air

Lithosphere Abiotic1.Climatic 2.Edaphic

Water

Atmosphere Soil

Biosphere

Anthroposphere

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Components of Environment

American

Hydrosphere Lithosphere

Atmosphere Biosphere

Anthroposphere

British

Biotic

• Producers

• Consumers

• Decomposers

Abiotic

• Climatic

• Edaphic

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What is Industry??

Economic Activity

Raw Materials

Goods

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Major Industries

• Petroleum

• Coal

• Metallurgy

• Cement

• Leather

• Food

• Sugar

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Pollution caused by Industries

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Soil Pollution

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Total Industrial Ecological CycleVirgin materials

Extraction

Concentrated Materials

Separation, Refining

Processed Materials

Physical, Chemical Preparation

Controlled

By

Raw

Material

Suppliers

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Total Industrial Ecological CycleFinished Materials

Forming

Finished components +Additional components

Fabrication

Controlled

By

Manufacturer

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Total Industrial Ecological Cycle

Finished Products

Use

Obsolete Products

Controlled

By

Customer

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How Industry affects Air?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Industry Petroleum Coal

Green house warming Regional oxidants Precipitation acidity

Visibility Corrosion Oxidation efficiency

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Typical Air Pollutants and Sources

Pollutants

Particulate matter

Industrial processes

Industrial fugitive

processes

FluorocarbonsCarbon

compoundsSulphur

compoundsMetals

Mercury

Zinc

Cadmium

Toxicants

Arsenic

PAH’s

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Industrial effects on Water

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Industry

Specefic Diversity Groundwater Quality

Landfill Exhaustion Material Extraction

Toxicity Loss of soil Productivity

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Water Pollutants and Sources

Pollutants

Organic Pollutants

Oxygen demanding

wastes

Disease causing wastes

Synthetic organic

compoundsOil

Inorganic Pollutants

Suspended Solids

Radioactive Materials

MiningUse of

isotopes

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Soil Pollution by Industry

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Industrial Effluents

Fly ASH

Disposal of Industrial waste

Industrial Sludges

Industries with their Pollutants in water and soil

Industry Estimated Annual Production

Volume of Waste Water in m3

CODmg/L

Suspended Solidsmg/L

Other Pollutantsmg/L

Paper 1500000ton 480000000 725 415 Chloride800-1500

Pesticides 6500000ton _ 3000 _ Organic N 500

Sugar 7500000ton 230000000 600 200 N 10-40

Steel 1500000ton _ _ _ Cyanide 10-60

Coke Nil 9000000 1000 100 Cyanide 1-4

Fertilizers 6400000ton 52000000 2000 300 Phosphate 70

Power and Distilleries

6000000ton 22000000 3000 4500 Potassium 300

Refinery 8500000ton 15000000 300 350 Chromium 0.5

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Is there Any Solution???

Choosing Raw Materials

Minimizing and Specifying Air emissions

Minimizing and Specifying Liquid waste

Minimizing and Specifying

Solid waste

Designing for energy

efficiency

Recycling during

manufacture

Recycling after use

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