Enviroment I
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Transcript of Enviroment I
Sherbu
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ence187 Fa
lmou
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ham
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Sherbu
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ence187 Fa
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Table of Contents
Site Analysis A Site Plan A.1 Water and Climate A.2, A.3 Summer Sun and Wind A.4 Winter Sun and Wind A.5 Perspective Renderings A.6House Redesign B Programming Table B.1 Redesign: Basement B.2 Redesign: First Floor B.3 Redesign: Second Floor B.4 Redesign: Exterior B.5 Summer Wind Redesign B.6 Winter Wind Redesign B.6 Perspective Redesign B.6 Solar WIndow B.6Heating Calculations C Heated Spaces C.1 Detailed Sections C.2, C.3 Healoss Calculations C.4
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Table of Contents (cont.)
Energy Calculations D Energy Usages D.1, D.2, D.3 Total Usage D.4 Price Comparisons D.5 Family Energy Use D.6 Sample Bills D.7, D.8 Retorfi t Measures D.9Retrofi t Measures E Retrofi t Suggestions E.1, E.2, E.3, E.4, E.5, E.6, E.7, E.8, E.9 Revised Energy Tables with Retrofi ts E.10, E.11, E.12, E.13, E.14, E.15, E.16Solar Design F Sun Tempering F.1 South Facade with Tempering Suggestions F.2 Passive Solar Heating and Solar Mass Calculations F.3 Window Night Insulation F.4
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A
Section A
This house is located in Windham, ME. The fi rst part of this report details the exisitng con-ditions of the site
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LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
N
Site Pla
n1” = 17’
Deciduous Trees:Sugar Maple and White OakHeights from 60’ to 90’ tall
Coniferous Trees:Eastern White PineHeights from 70’ to 100’
A.1
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LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
N
Wa
ter and
Clim
ate
1” = 17’
Climate Design Priorities
1. Orient roof to protect from winter winds.
2. Rearrange interior spaces to block harsh external conditions.
3. Create openings on the southern facade to collect winter light and
summer wind.
4. Create shading systems to block high summer sun and allow low
winter sun.
5. Move outdoor space to the south and west sides of the building and
provide a shading system.
6. Create more openings on the second level to collect winter sun.
A.2
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LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
N
Wa
ter and
Clim
ate
(cont.)1” = 17’
Advantages-Primary indoor and outdoor spaces recieve sun late in the day throughout the year-Site very open to summer sun throughout most of the day-Vegetation helps to block a lot of the winter wind-Vegetation helps to shade the outdoor space during the summer afternoon
Disadvantages-Roof orientation not in the optimum direction to block winter winds-Not enough windows on the southern facade to recieve adequate passive solar heating and cross ventialtion-Southern vegetation blocks almost all winter sun.
A.3
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LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
N
Sum
mer Su
n and
Wind
1” = 17’
During the summer the primary indoor and outdoor spaces recieve a lot of passive solar heating after noon. The summer winds make the outdoor space more comfortable, but the lack of windows on the south facade make the interior spaces too hot due to the lack of cross-ventilation. The kitchen recieves almost no light except for the very early morning and the very late afternoon. The bedrooms are all on the east side of the house, but all but one have no eastern windows to recieve the morning light.
A.4
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LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
N
Winter Su
n and
Wind
1” = 17’
During the winter the site is always atleast partially in shade. The low sun angles make it so that many windows on the lower levels are use-less when it comes to passive solar heating. The positioning of the in-ternal spaces makes it so that many of the primary spaces are exposed to the cold winter winds, while recieving minimal passive solar heating from the winter sun. The form of the house, a saltbox, is not oriented in the optimum direction in order protect the internal spaces from the wind.
A.5
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Persp
ective Dra
wing
North a
nd W
est Faca
des
Strengths
-Good late day sun exposure through windows
-Bedroom recieves good early morning sun
Weaknesses
-Overhang shades the kitchen from all but low-angle sun.
-Northern deck recieves minimal sun all year long.
-Deck blocks all sun from basement level windows
LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
A.6
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B
Section B
This section analyzes the previous information and determines major design changes needed to increase sustainability.
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Persp
ective Dra
wing
South a
nd Ea
st Faca
des
Strengths
- Southern windows let light into all the fl oors
- Windows on second fl oor allow for good ventialtion
Weaknesses
- Lower level has poor ventilation
- East facade does not have many windows into primary spaces
LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
B.1
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Space Title Sq. Foot Range Type of Space Time of Use MET CLO Internal Gains Environmental Interests Preferred Orientation(s) Space Priority
Basement 775 ft² Support 6pm-10pm 2 1 WasherDryer
Westward views to woods SW, W, NW 9
Kitchen 91 ft² Support 7am-9am4pm-6pm
2 1 KitchenAppliances
Northern view over hillsideSome northern light
NE, E, SE, SW, W 6
Dining Room 92 ft² Living 7am-9pm4pm-6pm
2 1 NoneWestward views to woodsLate day lightSkylight during midday
NE, E, SE, SW, W 2
Living Room 128 ft² Living 4pm-12pm 1 1 NoneWestward views to woodsLate day lightSkylight during midday
SE, S, SW, W, NW 1
Bedroom 105 ft² Living 10pm-10-am .9 .75 NoneEarly morning lightEast and south views NE, E, SE 5
Bathroom 50.5 ft² Support All day 1 1 Shower Early morning lightView to eastern woods
NE, NW 7
First FloorCirculation 48 ft² Circulation All day 2 1 None None W, NW, N 10
Second FloorCirculation 48 ft² Circulation All day 2 1 None None W, NW, N 11
Bedroom 167 ft² Living 10pm-10am .9 .75 NoneMidday south lightSouthern views into woods NE, E, SE 4
MasterBedroom
218.5 ft² Living 10pm-10am .9 .75 NoneNorthern morning and evening lightNorth views into woods
NE, E, SE 3
Half Bathroom 78.5 ft² Support 8pm-10pm 1 1 Shower None W, NW, N 8
12
3
4
56
1
2
Environmenta
l Priorities
Individ
ua
l Spa
ces
B.2
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Ba
sement R
edesign
1” = 17’
Strengths- Good winter afternoon lightWeaknesses-Poor light with high sun elevations due to outdoor deck-Poor cross ventilationChanges-More windows added to create better passive solar heating and cross ventilation-Deck moved to open up solar exposure to windows-Stairs moved to block cold winds
B.3
Basement/Laundry Room
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First Floor Red
esign1” = 17’
Strengths- Good afternoon sun exposure- Good outdoor winds during the summerWeaknesses-Poor lighting in most spaces most of the time-Spaces poorly arranged to block unfavorable winter conditionsChanges- Communal spaces given more windows, especially southern, to re-cieve more late day light-Structure rotated to optimize saltbox roof structure-Deck rotated to capitalize on sun and wind patterns-Interior spaces rearranged to block harsh winter wind.
B.4
X Solar Window
LivingRoom
DiningRoom
LivingRoom
BedroomBathroom
Kitchen
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Second Floor R
edesign
1” = 17’
Strengths-Afternoon light exposure fairly well capturedWeaknesses-Roof pointing the wrong way to block winter winds-Master bedroom recieves full brunt of winter wind-No eastern windows in bedroomsChanges-Interior spaces reaaranged to block winter wind-Structure rotated to block winter wind-Eastern windows placed in both bedrooms to capture morning light-More windows placed to capture the low angle winter light
B.5
Bedroom
MasterBedroom
Half Bathroom
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LivingRoom
DiningRoom
LivingRoom
BedroomBathroom
Kitchen
Sum
mer W
ind R
edesign
1” = 17’
B.6
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LivingRoom
DiningRoom
LivingRoom
BedroomBathroom
Kitchen
Winter W
ind R
edesign
North a
nd W
est Faca
des
B.7
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Persp
ective Red
esignSou
th and
East Fa
cad
es
LivingRoom
DiningRoom
LivingRoom
BedroomBathroom
Kitchen
Changes-Deck moved to south and eastern sides to recieve more summer sun and wind.-Overhangs added to windows to block high summer sun, but allow low winter sun-More openings on the second story to recieve more winter sun-Rotating of the house to optimizes the saltbox roof structure-Creation of eastern windows in bedrooms to capture morning light.
B.8
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Solar W
indow
43° North
B.9
Solar WindowThis solar window is taken from the deck of the redesign plan. As one can see, the majority of the sun path is blocked by trees. These trees are deciduous, so during the summer, they would provide much wanted shade, and during the winter they would allow for sun to reach the building.
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C
Section C
This section analyzes the house through section it cuts of the wall. It examines their R-Value. The fi nal table analyzes the heat loss due to ineffi ciencies.
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Basement/Laundry Room
LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
Basement/Laundry Room
LivingRoom
DiningRoom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
1R
2W
1W
2W
1W
1F
Hea
ted Sp
aces
1”=17’
C.1
Bedroom
MasterBedroom
Half Bathroom
Bedroom
MasterBedroom
Half Bathroom
1W
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1/2” Plywood R = .77
6” Rigid Fiberglass Insulation R = 17.5
1/2” Sheetrock R = .45
Interior Air Film R = .68
Exterior Air Film R = .17
Asphalt Shingles R = .44
Roofing Felt R = .20
Total R = 20.21
U Value = .049
1R
1F
Roof Section
1”=8”
Floor Section1”=8”
C.2
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1” Channel Rustic Siding (Hollow Backed) R = .61
1/2” Plywood R = .77
6” Rigid Fiberglass Insulation R = 17.5
1/2” Sheetrock R = .45
Interior Air Film R = .68
Exterior Air Film R = .17
8” Concrete R = 1.11
Interior Air Film R = .68
Exterior Earth (Depth from 0’ - 8’
Total R = 20.18
U Value = .050
Total R = 1.96
U Value = .510
1W
2W
Wa
ll Section1”=8”
Wa
ll Section1”=8”
C.3
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T A B L E A : P E A K A ND A NNUA L L OA DS
S IMP LIF IE D C ALC ULAT ION OF B UILDING HE AT LOS S C OE F F IC IE NTS detail # U-value tota l area Heat los s C oefficient
B tu/hrft2°F ft2 UA=B tu/hr°F
WALLS
WINDOW S
DOOR S
R OOF S
F LOOR S (above grade, over vented crawl s paces U, over unheated s paces 1/2U)
F LOOR s lab on grade F -value perimeter ft.
B E LOW G R ADE F LO OR S modified U ft2
B E LOW G R ADE W ALLS tota l F perimeter ft.
INF ILT R AT ION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 B tu ft3°F
#A.C . x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat los s coefficient _____ x ___ x __________ = _________________
T OT A L HE A T L O S S C O E F F IC IE NT (tota l UA ) B tu/hr°F 100%
HE AT L OS S S O UR C E HE AT L OS S B tu/hr/°F %
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
P E A K HE A T L O S S = tota l U A x T (des ign indoor°F - des ign outdoor°F )
____________ = ______ x ___________________________
A NNUA L HE A T L O S S = tota l U A x 24hrs x annual degree days
______________ = ______ x _____ x _____________
A NNUA L B U IL DING E NE R G Y P E R F OR MA NC E B T U/s q.ft/y ear __________________________
1W
2W
Entry
Double Glazed Glass Door
Single Glazed Windows
1R
1F
1F
2W
.05
.51
.51
.05
.33
.27
1.00
.81
.0260
430
58
189
778
17.5
98
1156
58
38.9
219.3
189
5.775
27.44
57.8
46.98
10.861416
29.58
19,136.018
1038.9736
1.2 413.3376
287.78 27.69
189
33.215
57.8
57.841
413.338
18.19
3.19
5.56
5.56
39.78
1038.9736
1038.9736 24 7059176018751.4176
65-23.443,221.3018
39.78
5.56
27.69
18.19
3.195.56
Walls
Windows
Doors
Ceilings
Floors
InfiltrationLoses
70520.3331
Hea
t Loss Ca
lcula
tionH
eated
Spa
ces
C.4
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D
Section D
This section details the energy usage of each of the various parts of the house, and sums it up with a series of charts showing energy comparisons.
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D.1
Heating-WoodBuilding Load
Coefficient
Month Bldg. Load Coeff
Jan
Feb
Month Bldg. LoadCoeff
Feb
Mar
AprApr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Jun
Aug
Oct
Nov
DecDec
Total House UA (BTU/HR F)
HDD/MO
HTG LOAD(MMBTU)
SYSEFF (%)
24 hours24935
System Demand(MMBTU/EFF %)
$/ MMBTU
Total Heating Cost($)
1038.9736 24
24935
24935
24935
24935
24935
24935
24935
24935
24935
24935
24935
24935
21
21
78
319
560
756
765
605
536
400
243
96
19.07
15.08
13.36
9.97
6.06
2.39
.52
.52
1.94
7.95
13.96
18.85
26.49
20.94
18.55
13.85
8.42
3.32
.72
.72
2.69
11.04
19.38
26.18
254.83
201.44
178.45
133.23
81.00
31.93
6.93
6.93
25.88
106.20
186.43
251.85
72%
72%
72%
72%
72%
72%
72%
72%
72%
72%
72%
72%
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
Energy Usa
geH
eating - W
ood
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Dom. Hot WaterMonth DHW
Load (MMBTU)
Jan
Feb
Jan
Mar
Apr
Mar
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Dec
Nov
$/ MMBTU
Total DHW ($)
DEM FACTOR (KwH/CDD)
Cooling- NoneCDD/ MO
Cooling SystemDemand (KwH)
$/ KwH
Total Cooling Cost ($)
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
114
71
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Energy Usa
geD
HW
- Ga
s/Cooling - N
one
D.2
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LightingLights Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo KWH/Mo Total
Incandescent 21Flourescent 7
6080
140 176.415 8.4
2217.6 KWH/YR
Appliances-GasAppliance Quantity Avg. Btu/Hr Avg. Hrs/Mo MMBTU/Mo Total
Oven 1Grill 1
1432535000
140 2.0010 .35
28.2 MMBTU/YR
Appliances-ElectricAppliance Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo KWH/Mo Total
Refrig./Frzr.Microwave 1
10501300
185 194.258 10.4
3723.96 KWH/YR
Toaster 1Coffeemaker 1
90001200
3 2710 12
Television 1DVD Player 1
16035
110 17.625 .88
1
Iron 1Blender 1
1000300
10 102 .6
Radio 1Computer 1
60220
15 .930 6.6
Portable Fan 2Vacuum 1
230700
45 10.359 6.3
Washer 1Dryer 1
625720
10 6.2510 7.2
$ Lighting10.55.50
Energy Usa
geLighting - Electric/A
pp
liances - G
as,Electric
D.3
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Month $ GasAppliances
Jan
FebFeb
Mar
AprApr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Jun
Aug
Oct
Nov
DecDec
$DHW
$ Electric Appliances
$ Lighting
Est. Total $ Elec
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
40.66
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
16.19
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
11.14
Total Usages Est. Total
$ Gas
254.83
201.44
178.45
133.23
81.00
31.93
6.93
6.93
25.88
106.20
186.43
251.85
$Heating
254.83
201.44
178.45
133.23
81.00
31.93
6.93
6.93
25.88
106.20
186.43
251.85
Est. Total$ Wood
Total Energy U
sages
Wood
, Ga
s, Electric
D.4
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Month Ests. Gas Total
Jan
FebFeb
Mar
AprApr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Jun
Aug
Oct
Nov
DecDec
Actual Gas Total
Est. ElectricTotal
Actual Electric Total
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
115.34
120.78
84.55
99.12
110.78
129.34
115.85
116.32
110.45
109.66
112.34
98.53
254.83
201.44
178.45
133.23
81.00
31.93
6.93
6.93
25.88
106.20
186.43
251.85
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
27.33
31.58
30.59
31.58
31.36
27.44
34.12
29.97
29.96
29.15
26.95
31.36
Price ComparisonsEst. Wood
Total
-
-
-
-
-
655.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
Actual Wood Total
Total 1237.44 1465.10 655.00 327.96
26.74
360.801323.06
Energy Cost C
omp
arison
Estima
ted vs. A
ctua
l
Reason For Price Discrepancy Wood- Wood is only partially bought, some is collected manually by home owner. Wood is also used more sparingly and not as frequently
Gas- Gas is used less frequently than calculated (shorter showers, only using a few burners on grills, etc.)
Electric- Some appliances are left plugged, drawing energy when not in use (Computer, TV, Stereo etc.)
D.5
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Source Heating Load
Water
App.
Percent
31.68 MMBTU 53.1%
46.9%
Total Usages - Gas Source Electric
Load
App.
Light
Percent
2724.96 KWH
2217.60 KWH
55.13%
44.86%
Total Usages - Electric
28.20 MMBTU
Source LoadMMBTU
Walls
Window
Percent
287.78 MMBTU
189 MmBTU
27.69%
18.19%
Heating Load Dist.
Doors
Ceiling
33.22 MMBTU
57.8 MMBTU
3.19%
5.56%
Floor
Infil.
57.84 MMBTU
413.34 MMBTU
5.56%
39.78%
Source LoadMMBTu
Heating
DHW
Percent
109.67 MMBTU
31.68 MMBTU
40.41%
11.67%
Total Energy Dist.
Lighting
App.
7.57 MMBTU
37.5 MMBTU
2.79%
13.82%
Cars 84.96 MMBTU 31.31%
Fam
ily Energy Use
Energy Distrib
ution
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Note:Tables refl ect an av-erage of cost values, over a period of 5 years.
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1. Caulking and Weather Stripping To lower infi ltration heating cost
2. Purchase Power Strips to Lower Standby Power To lower electric costs of objects not in use
3. Replace Current Lightbulbs with CFLS To raise lifespan and effi ciency of lighting
4. Cellular Shading Reduce heat loss through windows
5. Purchase a Higher Effi ciency Water Heater To lower gas costs
6. Better Insulation on Walls To lower heat loss through walls
7. Purchase a Higher Effi ciency Stove Allows for less wood use
8. Purchase a Higher Effi ciency Refridgerator To lower electric costs
D.9R
etrofi t Mea
sures
To Lower Energy C
osts
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E
Section E
This section gives eight retrofi t options to imporve the house’s energy use. These include a variety of strategies from appliance updates to home improvement
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Liquid Nails All-Purpose Caulk, 6oz
3.99 per tube, One tube per two windows
8 inoperable windows, 4 tubes of caulk
$15.96
Caulking is an effi cient method to allow a homeowner to reduce infi ltration. In combination with weatherstripping, air ex-change can be reduced by 20%. One tube of caulking can seal two windows, which means a total of four tubes for the inoperable windows within the house. The product can be installed by the homeowner, because of previous home renovation experience.
Original: 1.2 x .018 x 19,136 = 413.3376 BTU/hr FNew: .96 x .018 x 19,136 = 330.6701 BTU/hr FDifference: 413.3376 - 330.6701 = 82.6675 BTU/hr F82.6675 BTU/hr F x 24 hr x 7059 HDD= 14.01 MMBTUEnergy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 14.01 MMBTU= $134.77 per yearPayback: 15.96/134.77= .12 year payback
Retrofi ts
Ca
ulking’
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M-D Products 63628 17’ White Ex-treme Temperature D-Profi le Weath-er Strip
$5 per unit. 1 door per unit, 2 windows per unit
4 doors, 6 windows, 7 units required
Weatherstripping is an effi cient method to allow a home-owner to reduce infi ltration. In combination with caulking, air exchange can be reduced by 20%. One unit of weatherstripping can seal two windows or one door, which means a total of seven units for the operable windows and doors within the house. The product can be installed by the homeowner, because of previous home renovation experience.
Original: 1.2 x .018 x 19,136 = 413.3376 BTU/hr FNew: .96 x .018 x 19,136 = 330.6701 BTU/hr FDifference: 413.3376 - 330.6701 = 82.6675 BTU/hr F82.6675 BTU/hr F x 24 hr x 7059 HDD= 14.01 MMBTUEnergy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 14.01 MMBTU= $134.77 per yearPayback: 15.96/134.77= .12 year payback
Retrofi ts
Wea
therstripp
ing
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13W T2 Twister Soft White
13W Bulbs
21 bulbs to replace, $6 per bulb$126 total
Self-Installed
CFLs use about 75 percent less energy than regular light-bulbs. They also typically last about 6 months longer. Typically they save about 6 dollars a year, and 40 dollars over thier life time. They also produce signifi cantly less heat, making them safer to operate, and reducing cooling costs.
Original: 2116 kWh per yearNew: 458.64 kWh per yearDifference: 2116 kWh - 458.64 kWh = 1657.36 kWh per yearEnergy Cost Savings: 1657.36 kWh x .059819 $/kWh = $99.14 Payback: 126/99.14 = 1.27 year payback
Retrofi ts
CFLs
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Kensington 50688 6 Outlets Power Strip
$14.88 per unit3 required to control majority of ap-pliances
$44.64
Self-installed
Controlling electricty usage with a power strip will help reduce passive energy use within a household by approximately 100 dollars per year. With the concentration of electronics within the house, three powerstrips would be all that would be needed to control all toggled appliances.
Original: $194.28New: $94.28 Energy Cost Savings: $194.28 - $94.28 = $100Payback: 44.64/100 = .4464 year payback
Retrofi ts
Pow
erstrips’
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Comfortex 3/8’ Double Cell Light Fil-tering Cellular Shades
$89.76 per window, 10 windows$897.60 total
Self-installed
Approximate R value of 5
Night insulation of speciifc windows is a terrifi c way to reduce heating costs. Some of the large windows in the main spaces such as the lving and dining room allows a lot of heat to escape the house, and adding an R 5 barrier will drastically improve the quality of the spaces. Compared to the cost of installing high-quality windows and considering their ease of installment, they are clearly the superior option for reduicng heat loss through the windows.
Original: 216.44 UA Total x 24 = 5194.56New: 42.76 UA Total x 24 = 1026.24Difference: (old) (5194.56 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $489.93 (new) (1026.24 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $96.79Energy Cost Savings: $489.93 - $96.79 = $393.14 per yearPayback: 897.60/393.14 = 2.28 year payback
Retrofi ts
Night Insu
lation
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AquaStar AquaStar 2400ES-NG Natural Gas Tankless Water Heater
ENERGY STAR-qualifi ed
$1056.99
A tankless water heater reduces the cost of hot water heating by al-most 50% automatically. By removing the need to have a standing supply of hot water, the cost to keep unused water warm is drasti-cally reduced. This specifi c model has the ability ot heat enough water to keep two showers running simultaneously, which is more than enough for the household.
Original: 31.68 MMBTUNew: 14.26 MMBTUDifference: 31.68 MMBTU - 14.26 MMBTU = 17.42 MMBTUEnergy Cost Savings: 17.42 MMBTU x 15.40 $/MMBTU = $268.27 per yearPayback: 1056.99/268.27 = 3.94 year payback
Retrofi ts
Wa
ter Hea
ter
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FOAMULAR® 250 Rigid Foam Insula-tion
R-5 Per Inch at 6”
$1.87 per square foot, 1208 sq. ft.
$2,258.96 material cost$500 installation cost$2758.96 total
Adding insulation helps to keep the home warm in the win-ter and cool in the summer. Adding insulation reduces energy bills during the coldest and hottest times of the year. Rigid foam board is one of the most effective types of insulation for its thickness. Installa-tion will be focused primarily by the roof, and the basement, which is partially unfi nished, so the addition of insulatino will not be diffi -cult or instrusive.
Original: 1038.97 UA Total x 24 = 24935.28New: 818.34 UA Total x 24 = 19640.26Difference: (old) (24935.28 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $2351.80 (new) (19640.26 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $1852.39Energy Cost Savings: $2351.80 - $1852.39 = $499.41 per yearPayback: $2758.96/$499.41 = 5.52 year payback
Retrofi ts
Insula
tion
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Hearthstone Homestead Wood Stove
83.5% Heating Effi ciency
$2645 per unit, one unit required.
Installation Cost: $0
A higher effi ciency wood stove would allow for usage of less wood in order to heat the home. This will ease both the fi nancial stress of purchasing wood and also the physicsal stress of collecting wood. There are higher effi ciency wood stoves available on the market, but many of the higher effi ciency stoves come with a much larger pricetag. Installation performed by homeowner.
Original: 138.45 MMBTUNew: 138.45x(.72)/.835=119.38 MMBTUDifference: 138.45-119.38=19.07 MMBTUEnergy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 19.07 MMBTU= 183.45 per yearPayback: 2645/183.45= 14.42 year payback
Retrofi ts
Wood
stove
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Kenmore Elite 25.0 cu. ft. French-Door Bottom-Freezer Refrigerator 1 door per unit, 2 windows per unit
ENERGY STAR-qualifi ed
551 kWh per year estimated use
1764.29
ENERGY STAR qualifi ed refrigerators use 20% less energy than modern normal refrigerators. Replacing the current refrigerator, which is from the 1980s, will save the client over 100 dollars per year.
Original: 2331 kWh per yearNew: 551 kWh per yearDifference: 2331 kWh - 551 kWh = 1780 kWh per yearEnergy Cost Savings: 1780 kWh x .059819 $/kWh = $106.48 per yearPayback: 1764.29/106.48 = 16.57 year payback
Retrofi ts
Refrigera
tor
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T A B L E A : P E A K A ND A NNUA L L OA DS
S IMP LIF IE D C ALC ULAT ION OF B UILDING HE AT LOS S C OE F F IC IE NTS detail # U-value tota l area Heat los s C oefficient
B tu/hrft2°F ft2 UA=B tu/hr°F
WALLS
WINDOW S
DOOR S
R OOF S
F LOOR S (above grade, over vented crawl s paces U, over unheated s paces 1/2U)
F LOOR s lab on grade F -value perimeter ft.
B E LOW G R ADE F LO OR S modified U ft2
B E LOW G R ADE W ALLS tota l F perimeter ft.
INF ILT R AT ION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 B tu ft3°F
#A.C . x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat los s coefficient _____ x ___ x __________ = _________________
T OT A L HE A T L O S S C O E F F IC IE NT (tota l UA ) B tu/hr°F 100%
HE AT L OS S S O UR C E HE AT L OS S B tu/hr/°F %
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .
P E A K HE A T L O S S = tota l U A x T (des ign indoor°F - des ign outdoor°F )
____________ = ______ x ___________________________
A NNUA L HE A T L O S S = tota l U A x 24hrs x annual degree days
___________ __ = ______ x _____ x _____________
A NNUA L B U IL DING E NE R G Y P E R F OR MA NC E B T U/s q.ft/y ear __________________________
1W
2W
Entry
Double Glazed Glass Door
Single Glazed Windows
1R
1F
1F
2W
.030
.031
.51
.05
.33
.115
.167
.81
.0260
430
58
189
778
17.5
98
1156
_____________ == _______ x ____________________________
58
23.37
13.33
31.5
5.775
11.26
57.8
46.98
10.861416
29.58
19,136.018
561.127
.96 330.671
66.28 11.48
31.5
33.215
57.8
57.841
330.671
5.46
5.75
10.01
10.02
57.28
____________ __ == _______ x ______ x ______________
561.127
561.127 24 705995,063,891.832
65-23.423,342.8832
11.48%
5.46%
5.75%
10.01%
10.02%
57.28%
Walls
Windows
Doors
Ceilings
Floors
InfiltrationLoss
Hea
t Loss Ca
lcula
tionH
eated
Spa
ces (After R
etrofi ts)
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Heating-WoodBuilding Load
Coefficient
Month Bldg. Load Coeff
Jan
Feb
Month Bldg. LoadCoeff
Feb
Mar
AprApr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Jun
Aug
Oct
Nov
DecDec
Total House UA (BTU/HR F)
HDD/MO
HTG LOAD(MMBTU)
SYSEFF (%)
24 hours13467
System Demand(MMBTU/EFF %)
$/ MMBTU
Total Heating Cost($)
561.127 24
13467
13467
13467
13467
13467
13467
13467
13467
13467
13467
13467
13467
21
21
78
319
560
756
765
605
536
400
243
96
10.3
8.1
7.2
5.4
3.3
1.3
.3
.3
1.1
4.3
7.5
10.2
12.34
9.70
8.62
6.47
3.95
1.56
.36
.36
1.32
5.15
8.98
12.22
118.71
93.31
82.92
62.24
38.00
15.01
3.46
3.46
12.70
49.54
86.39
117.56
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
83.5%
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.62
Energy Usa
geH
eating - W
ood (A
fter Retrofi ts)
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Dom. Hot WaterMonth DHW
Load (MMBTU)
Jan
Feb
Jan
Mar
Apr
Mar
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Dec
Nov
$/ MMBTU
Total DHW ($)
DEM FACTOR (KwH/CDD)
Cooling- NoneCDD/ MO
Cooling SystemDemand (KwH)
$/ KwH
Total Cooling Cost ($)
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
114
71
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Energy Usa
geD
HW
- Ga
s/Cooling - N
one (After R
etrofi ts)
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LightingLights Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo KWH/Mo Total
Incandescent 21Flourescent 7
1380
140 38.2215 8.4
559.44 KWH/YR
Appliances-GasAppliance Quantity Avg. Btu/Hr Avg. Hrs/Mo MMBTU/Mo Total
Oven 1Grill 1
1432535000
140 2.0010 .35
28.2 MMBTU/YR
Appliances-ElectricAppliance Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo KWH/Mo Total
Refrig./Frzr.Microwave 1
248.201300
185 45.928 10.4
1944 KWH/YR
Toaster 1Coffeemaker 1
90001200
3 2710 12
Television 1DVD Player 1
16035
110 17.625 .88
1
Iron 1Blender 1
1000300
10 102 .6
Radio 1Computer 1
60220
15 .930 6.6
Portable Fan 2Vacuum 1
230700
45 10.359 6.3
Washer 1Dryer 1
625720
10 6.2510 7.2
$ Lighting2.29.50
Energy Usa
geLighting - Elec/A
pp
. - Ga
s,Elec. (After R
etrofi ts)
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Month $ GasAppliances
Jan
FebFeb
Mar
AprApr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Jun
Aug
Oct
Nov
DecDec
$DHW
$ Electric Appliances
$ Lighting
Est. Total $ Elec
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
62.46
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
103.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
12.12
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
2.79
Total Usages Est. Total
$ Gas
118.71
93.31
82.92
62.24
38.00
15.01
3.46
3.46
12.70
49.54
86.39
117.56
$Heating
Est. Total$ Wood
118.71
93.31
82.92
62.24
38.00
15.01
3.46
3.46
12.70
49.54
86.39
117.56
Total Energy U
sages
Wood
, Ga
s, Electric (After R
etrofi ts)
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Month Ests. Gas Total
Jan
FebFeb
Mar
AprApr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Jun
Aug
Oct
Nov
DecDec
Actual Gas Total
Est. ElectricTotal
Actual Electric Total
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
80.79
115.34
120.78
84.55
99.12
110.78
129.34
115.85
116.32
110.45
109.66
112.34
98.53
118.71
93.31
82.92
62.24
38.00
15.01
3.46
3.46
12.70
49.54
86.39
117.56
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
14.91
31.58
30.59
31.58
31.36
27.44
34.12
29.97
29.96
29.15
26.95
31.36
Price ComparisonsEst. Wood
Total
-
-
-
-
-
655.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
Actual Wood Total
Total 969.48 683.3 655.00 148.92
26.74
360.801323.06
Energy Cost C
omp
arison
Estima
ted vs. A
ctua
l (After R
etrofi ts)
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Source Heating Load
Water
App.
Percent
14.28 MMBTU 33.62%
66.38%
Total Usages - Gas Source Electric
Load
App.
Light
Percent
1944.00 KWH
559.44 KWH
77.65%
22.34%
Total Usages - Electric
28.20 MMBTU
Source LoadMMBTU
Walls
Window
Percent
66.28 MMBTU
31.5 MmBTU
11.48%
5.46%
Heating Load Dist.
Doors
Ceiling
33.22 MMBTU
57.8 MMBTU
5.75%
10.01%
Floor
Infil.
57.84 MMBTU
330.671
10.02%
57.28%
Source LoadMMBTu
Heating
DHW
Percent
71.03 MMBTU
14.28 MMBTU
34.31%
6.90%
Total Energy Dist.
Lighting
App.
1.91 MMBTU
34.83 MMBTU
.92%
16.83%
Cars 84.96 MMBTU 41.04%
Fam
ily Energy Use
Energy Distrib
ution (A
fter Retrofi ts)
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F
Section F
This section details how solar energy might be used to improve the effi ciency of the house, and remove soem of the heating load from mechanical systems.
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Sun Tempering
[UAh + U
gA
g + U
sw(A
tw - A
g )] ( t
i - t
o) = I
s (A
g)
UAh= Total UA of house (after energy retro fi t) not including south facade
Walls UA: 24.459 Windows: 23.714 Total: 48.174
Ug = U Value of South Glass
.167
Ag = Area of South Glazing
Variable
USw
= U value of South Wall .030
Atw
= Area of Total South Wall and Winow Area 666 ft2
ti = Average desired interior temperature
65˚F
to = twelve noon outdoor January temperature
21.7˚F
Is = Average Hourly solar radiation at 12 noon in January recieved by a vertical surface
146 BTU/sq. ft
Calculations[48.174 + .167(A
g) + .3(666 - A
g)] (65 - 21.7) = 146 A
g
[48.174 + .167(Ag) + .3(666 - A
g)] 43.3 =
2085.93 + 7.23(Ag) + 12.99 (666-A
g) =
2085.93 + 7.23Ag + 8651.34 -12.99 A
g=
10737.27 - 5.76Ag = 146 A
g
10737.27 = 151.76 Ag
Area of South Glass Needed for Sun Tempering70.752 = A
g
666/70.752 = 9.4%
The above calculation shows that the house requires 9.4% of the house be covered in glass in order to collect the optimal amount of solar energy, without losing too much energy due to the high U value of the windows. This would require an additional 22.578 square feet of glazing be added to the southern facade. A 6 by 3.5 window added to the second story would fufi ll this need.
Sun Tem
pering
Ca
lcula
tions
F.1
Sherbu
rne Resid
ence187 Fa
lmou
th Roa
d · Wind
ham
· Ma
ine
NSolar RedesignAdditional window is placed on the second level to allow light to enter the main living spaces.The already existing windows on the southern facade penetrate into the bedroom and laun-dry/basement spaces, so the addtion of a window into the living space was the msot logical. It is placed high up due to the confi guration of the furniture within the space, and so as to not provide direct glare into the inhabitants of the spaces.
Sun Tem
pering
South Fa
cad
e Red
esign
F.2
Sherbu
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ence187 Fa
lmou
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ine
N
Passive Solar Heating Calculations
UAh= Total UA of house (after energy retro fi t) not including south facade
Walls UA: 24.459 Windows: 23.714 Total: 48.174
LCR = Load to Collect Ratio With a 25% SSF using TWB3 18SSF = Solar Savings Fraction 25%
LCR = 24 UAh/ A
g
18 = 24(48.174)/ Ag
Area of South Glass Needed for Passive Solar HeatingA
g = 64.232
Storage Mass Calculations
Goal of 30 BTU/ft3/F per ft2 of glassWhite Oak: Typical Heat Capacity = 26.8 BTU/ft3/F
64.232 (30) = 1926.96 BTU/ft3/F mass storage required1926.96 / 26.8 = 71.90 ft3 brick required71.90 / 1.33 = 54.06 ft2 area of 14” white oak required
The addition of a 6’ by 9’ wall between the dining room would create both a dividing spatial barrier between these tow very functionally different spaces, and create a sotrage wall for the main living space
LivingRoom
DiningRoom
LivingRoom
BedroomBathroom
Kitchen
Proposed Solar Mass Storage Wall
Pa
ssive Solar H
eating
Storage M
ass
F.3
Sherbu
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ence187 Fa
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N
Comfortex 3/8’ Double Cell Light Fil-tering Cellular Shades
Window Night Insulation Strategy
Summer:Durnig the summer, the window shading would actually be used primarily during the day to block out the suprisingly hot Maine summer sun. This will allow the house to maintain the cool night temperatures for as long as possible. During the night, the shades would be raised to allow the windows to opened for ventialtion.
Winter:During the winter the window shading would be opened during the day on the southern and western facades to allow as much solar gain as possible within the house. The northern and east-ern shades would remain permanently closed during the winter. The southern and western shades would be pulled down during the night to insulate the house as much as possible against the cold winter temperatures.
Wind
ow Insu
lation
Seasona
l Strategies
F.4