Envi-Sci Quiz Prep 10.4
description
Transcript of Envi-Sci Quiz Prep 10.4
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Envi-Sci Quiz Prep 10.4
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From
•Energy Flow in Ecosystems Reading Notes
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•What is the source of energy plants use to grow?
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•THE SUN
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• What is the process called whereby the plants convert the sun’s energy into food?
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•PHOTOSYNTHISIS
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•Where do animals get their energy to grow, move and reproduce?
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• They eat the plants or other animals that ate
plants
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•SO, originally, where did the all the energy come from that the animals use?
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•THE SUN
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•What is a producer?
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•PLANTS
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•What is a consumer?
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•ANIMALS
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•What chemical source do some deep ocean producers use for energy?
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•Thermal Vents
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•What are decomposers?
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•Fungus and bacteria that eat dead plants and animals.
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•Producers are what tropic level?
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•The bottom
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•Herbivores are what tropic level?
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•First level consumers
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•Carnivores are what tropic level?
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•Second (+)level consumers
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•How does your body get the energy out of food?
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• CELULAR RESPIRATION
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•What is cellular respiration?
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•The process cells use to oxidize food to extract it’s energy
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•For what do you use most of the energy you obtained through cellular respiration?
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• Most of the energy is used just to keep you alive and growing.
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•What happens to the excess energy that you don’t use?
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•It is stored as fat until you need it.
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•How can we trace the transfer of energy through an ecosystem?
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•Energy Pyramid
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•What is a “food chain”?
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•A simplified model of who eats what.
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•How is energy lost at each trophic level?
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•About 90% of the energy taken in is lost to the processes of cellular respiration and just keeping the organism alive
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•How does energy loss affect the types of organisms at each increasing tropic level?
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•Fewer individuals can be supported at each increasing level
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Drill
• How do decomposers fit into the ecosystem’s energy flow?
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• Decomposers can put some energy back into the system when they are eaten
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Drill
•How do decomposers help the environment?
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•They return nutrients to the soil, and clean up debris that could cause disease or fuel fires
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•Why do large hunting animals have super large territories?
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•They are at the top of the food and energy pyramid where the energy density is the lowest
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Food/Energy Pyramid
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REAL Food/Energy Pyramid90% energy loss each level
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Population Sampling Lab
• How would the number of samples affect the results?
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More Samples
=
Better accuracy
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Population Sampling Lab
•How would sample size and population size affect these results?
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Bigger samples
=
Better Accuracy
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Population Sampling Lab
•What would cause your results to be off from the actual population?
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• Random Chance
• Tags cause increased predation
• Tags cause disease
• Hunters don’t report
• Animal habits not considered
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•What concerns should biologists have about a species’ habits before they use this method to approximate population size?
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• If we are looking in the wrong place at the wrong time, our results will be invalid
• Example: If we are sampling Canadian Geese in the summer in Maryland, while the geese are in Canada
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Drill
•Why is a food web more realistic than a food chain?
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•Most species eat and are eaten by many different organisms, as depicted in a food web
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Drill
•If a food chain were broken, how could that affect the top level consumers?
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•All of the consumers above the break would die off.
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Keystone Species PPT
•What does a keystone species do?
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A keystone species holds the community together. Without it, everything else falls apart
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Keystone Species PPT
• When the California sea otter was killed off, what happened to the Sea urchin population?
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•It grew out of control because the otter wasn’t there to eat it.
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Keystone Species PPT
•What do sea urchins eat in that area?
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•The base of the giant kelp plants
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Keystone Species PPT
•What happened to the kelp plants?
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•They were all killed by the high sea urchin population.
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Keystone Species PPT
•What happened to the young and small fish?
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•They were eaten or left because there was no kelp forest to hide in.
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Keystone Species PPT
•What regulates the number of sea otters that can live in an area?
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•The amount of sea urchins it has for food
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Keystone Species PPT
•What are interdependent species?
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•Species that depend on each other to survive
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Keystone Species PPT
•What kills the Monterey Pine Forests, and what carries it to the trees?
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•Pine pitch canker, carried by the pine bark beetle
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Keystone Species PPT
•What regulates the growth of the beetles?
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•The Woodpeckers eat them so they do not become too numerous and kill all the trees.
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Keystone Species PPT
•What regulates the number of wood peckers?
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•The number of dead trees for them to nest in.
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Keystone Species PPT
•What fertilizes the milkweed flowers?
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•Monarch butterflies
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Keystone Species PPT
•What feeds on the sap of the milkweed plant?
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•Monarch butterfly larva
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Keystone Species PPT
•Why don’t birds eat the larva?
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•They are poisonous from eating the milkweed sap
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Drill
•What is natural selection?
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• The process where a species attributes are selected for or against by the natural pressures of the environment.
• - - Food supply, competition, weather, etc
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•In general, what sort of species reproduces the most quickly?
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•Small organisms that are low on the food web and have many predators
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•What is a territory?
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•An area defended by one or more individuals against other individuals
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•What is the primary limiting factor to an area’s carrying capacity?
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•The most limited resource
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•. What is a population?
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• All members of a species in the same area at the same time
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•What is a population’s density?
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•# of individuals per unit of space or volume
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•What is a population’s dispersion?
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•How they are spread out in that area
•Clumped
•Random
•Even
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•What is a population’s growth rate?
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•Births minus deaths
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•What is a population’s reproductive potential?
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•The fastest rate at which the population can grow under perfect conditions
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•What 3 things affect a population’s reproductive potential?
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•# of offspring in a liter•# of liters per year•How young they reproduce
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•Why do physically larger species reproduce so slowly?
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• They have long generation times.
• (length of time before reproducing the first time)
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•What is exponential growth?
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•Population increases faster and faster
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•What is necessary for exponential growth to occur?
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•Lots of food and space
•Few predators
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•What is an ecosystem’s carrying capacity?
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•Maximum population the ecosystem can support
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•What happens if the carrying capacity is exceeded?
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• Population crashes –
• may recover at lower level
• May die off completely
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•What is a “limiting resource”?
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•Resource that limits how many individuals it can support
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•What is the resource that determines the ecosystem’s carrying capacity?
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•The resource in lowest supply
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•Why is there competition within a population?
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•Limited food,
•Limited shelter
•Limited mates
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•What 4 things does a territory provide?
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•Space
•Shelter
•Food
•Breeding sites
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•How is competition within a population part of natural selection?
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•Only those with the competitive traits to survive and reproduce get to pass on their genes to the next generation