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College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

De La Salle University – Dasmariñas

Engineering Department – Electrical Engineering

CEET313k: Environmental Engineering

 Assignment no !:

Date"

Decem#er $, %&!$

Francis Felix T. Encarnacion

  EEE'!

Engr. Maryjoie A. Armero - Lituaas

  (rofessor 

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1. Defne Sustainable Development by Brundtland Commission.

•  The term sustainable development was coined in the

paper Our Common Future, released by the Brundtland

Commission. Sustainable development is the ind o! 

development that meets the needs o! the present without

compromisin" the ability o! !uture "enerations to meet

their own needs. The two ey concepts o! sustainable

development are namely, the concept o! #needs# in

particular the essential needs o! the world$s poorest

people, to which they should be "iven overridin" priority%

and the idea o! limitations which is imposed by the state

o! technolo"y and social or"ani&ation on the

environment$s ability to meet both present and !uture

needs.

'. Bio"eochemical Cycles

•

(ater Cycle ) The water cycle describes the continuous

movement o! water on, above and below the sur!ace o! 

the *arth. The mass o! water on *arth remains !airly

constant over time but the partitionin" o! the water into

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the ma+or reservoirs o! ice, !resh water, saline water and

atmospheric water is variable dependin" on a wide ran"e

o! climatic variables. The water moves !rom one reservoir

to another by the physical processes o! evaporation,

condensation, precipitation, infltration, runo, and

subsur!ace -ow. n so doin", the water "oes throu"h

dierent phases/ li0uid, solid ice2, and "as vapor2.

• Carbon Dio3ide to O3y"en Cycle ) 4lants and other

producers use carbon dio3ide in photosynthesis. They

produce o3y"en as a waste product. Carbon dio3ide

moves !rom the air into the leaves o! plants. O3y"en

moves !rom the plant into the air throu"h the leaves.

5lmost all livin" thin"s, includin" plants, "et ener"y !rom

cellular respiration. This process releases ener"y !rom the

su"ar molecules in !ood. O3y"en is used in cellular

respiration. Carbon dio3ide is produced as a waste

product.

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• 6itro"en Cycle ) the process by which nitro"en is

converted between its various chemical !orms. This

trans!ormation can be carried out throu"h both biolo"ical

and physical processes. mportant processes in the

nitro"en cycle include f3ation, ammonifcation,

nitrifcation, and denitrifcation. 7uman activities such as

!ossil !uel combustion, use o! artifcial nitro"e !ertili&ers,

and release o! nitro"en in wastewater have dramatically

altered the "lobal nitro"en cycle.

• 4hosphorus Cycle ) the bio"eochemical cycle that

describes the movement o! phosphorus throu"h the

lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. 8nlie many

other bio"eochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not

play a si"nifcant role in the movement o! phosphorus,

because phosphorus and phosphorus)based compounds

are usually solids at the typical ran"es o! temperature and

pressure !ound on *arth. The production o! phosphine "as

occurs only in speciali&ed, local conditions.

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• Sul!ur Cycle ) the collection o! processes by which sul!ur

moves to and !rom minerals includin" the waterways2

and livin" systems. Such bio"eochemical cycles are

important in "eolo"y because they aect many minerals.

Bio"eochemical cycles are also important !or li!e because

sul!ur is an essential element, bein" a constituent o! many

proteins and co!actors. The steps o! the sul!ur cycle are/

a. 9inerali&ation o! or"anic sul!ur into inor"anic

!orms, such as hydro"en sulfde, elemental sul!ur, as

well as sulfde minerals.

b. O3idation o! hydro"en sulfde, sulfde, and

elemental sul!ur to sul!ate.

c. :eduction o! sul!ate to sulfde.

d. ncorporation o! sulfde into or"anic compounds.

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 The Carbon Dio3ide)O3y"en Cycle

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 The 6itro"en Cycle

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