Entry Task
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Transcript of Entry Task
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Entry Task
• What is communism?
• When did the U.S.A. have troops fighting against the Russians on Russian soil?
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Enduring Understanding
• The Russian Revolution changed the political and economic landscape of the international community by eventually adopting a Totalitarian Communist system.
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Econ 2.2.1
• Understands and analyzes how planned and market economies shape the production, distribution, and consumption of goods, services, and resources
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Essential Questions
• What role did Lenin play in the Russian Revolution?
• How do planned/command economies function compared to market economies?
• In what way was the Soviet New Economic Plan (NEP) similar to capitalism?
• In what ways can a totalitarian state control all social aspects of ones life?
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Learning Targets
• I can name the 3 main people involved in the Russian Revolution.
• I can accurately analyze examples of propaganda for and against Russian reforms.
• I can correctly describe the similarities and differences between capitalism and communism.
• I can analyze the consequences of war.
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World HistoryMr. Noble
Mr. Voorhees
Russia – From Tsar to Totalitarianism
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Power of the Tsars• The Tsars gained power from nobles by:
– taking it and challenging their opposition (Ivan the Terrible was very good at this)
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Serfs– Compensated the nobles for decreased
power in government by giving them greater power over their land and its occupants • Serfs were peasants who were tied to the land • (virtual slaves)
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Serfs
• 1861 - Serfdom abolished, but life did not change for most peasants
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• 1891 - 1905 - Trans-Siberian R.R. started to connect growing empire (Vladivostok founded 1860)
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Demographics
• 40% were literate• 51% of people worked in agriculture• 32% work in industries (worked 11 hours a
day, only 10 on Saturday)
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World Population - 1900
1. British Empire 367,000,0002. China 300,000,0003. Russia 132,000,0004. French Empire 81,500,0005. United States 76,212,1686. Germany 56,000,000
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Industrial Output (1900)
Country Coal Pig Iron Steel
USA 212 13.8 10.2
Great Britain 228 9 5
Germany 149 7.5 6.7
Russia 16.2 2.9 1.5
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1905 - Russo-Japanese war–Russia defeated (a humiliation for the
country who defeated Napoleon)!
–Jan. 22, 1905 – “Bloody Sunday”• Demonstrators shot by Nicholas II’s soldiers• Fearing revolution, he listens to their demands
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Nicolas II forced to begin reforms
1. Constitution and parliament (Duma) created
2. Oil workers form political councils (soviets)
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World War I • Unprepared militarily
or industrially, Russia suffered demoralizing defeats, severe food shortages, and economic collapse
• 1917 - riots broke out • Nicolas forced to
abdicate
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Revolutionary Period • Provisional government tried moderate policies
to maintain order (workers rights) – Battled two groups for power
• Bolsheviks "Majority" - radical, led by Lenin • Mensheviks "Minority" - more moderate
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Lenin• United States and
other powers invade Russia to stop the Bolsheviks
• Bolsheviks triumphed in 1920
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What Lenin Believed
• Capitalism – economic system where people control the factors of production– Good idea = $$
• Socialism – Political and economic system where government owns the key factors of production– Lenin based his ideas on Karl Marx’s
teachings
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Karl Marx
• 1848 – wrote Communist Manifesto– Human history is about the struggle for
survival (strong versus weak)• Bourgeoisie – middle class who own factories• Proletariat – working class
– Revolution will favor the Proletariat, who will create a society of equality• “dictatorship of the proletariat”
– Eventually people would accept socialism and government would disappear
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Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) - seizure of power
• Bolshevik membership soared during the summer
• Nov. 6, 1917 Soviets took over the gov’t
• Provided answer to anarchy, had good leadership and appealed to soldiers and workers alike
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Dictatorship and Civil War • Approved of peasant
land seizure• Ended war – Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk• Dissolved the
Constituent Assembly
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USSR
• After Lenin gained control of Russia, it is renamed– Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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Civil War 1918 - 1921• Whites vs. Reds• Fighting was brutal• Reds were victorious
by 1921*victory was due to:– well-defined political
program– better army– effective secret police force (the Cheka) Ukrainian family - suffering from typhus
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Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP)
• By 1921, the country was devastated– NEP was to get
economy viable– Peasants bought and
sold goods on the free market
*looked like Capitalism!
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• Economic recovery and Lenin's death in 1924 brought a struggle for power between Stalin and Trotsky
Stalin won
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• Read Page 824 in Holt• Stalin’s Soviet Union
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Stalin's Soviet Union • Modern totalitarian
dictatorship • Five-Year Plans
– Economic– Social
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Five-year Plans • 1928 – destroy the NEP and catch up
with the West
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Questions to Stalin
• How did killing his own people help Stalin?• Why didn’t people revolt against Stalin?
– 5000 Ukrainian leaders executed in 1929 for planning a revolt
• Why did people continue to “love” him?– Propaganda
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Collectivization • “Massive famine in
1932-1933 in Ukraine
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• Five-year plans brought spectacular growth in heavy industry– Steel production grew 500% between 1928-1937
“Five Year Plan in Four Years!”
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Terror and the Great Purges • In the mid-1930s, a
system of terror and purging was instituted
Stalin & Kirov
Stalin & Nadezhda
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Show Trials 1936-1938• 16 Party leaders
confessed to plots against Stalin– Why did they give
false confessions?• Ritual confession of
short-comings of Party– Dedication
• Tortured and families threatened
• Lower level members were executed privately
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Total Control• New party members
had only ever been loyal to Stalin
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Russia Review
• Organize your Russia information: Holt pp. 455-460; 519-521; 557-561;
• PowerPoint lecture
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Foundations of Political Values
Democracy versus CommunismMr. Noble & Mr. Voorhees
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Declaration of Independence• Written in 1776• Justified freedom for
13 British Colonies• Thomas Jefferson
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Communist Manifesto• Published 1848• Overthrow of Capitalism and
creation of a classless society
• Karl Marx
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Can you tell the difference between each?
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Your Assignment…
• How are these documents similar? How are they different?
• Look at the list of quotes from each document and write a “D” for Declaration of Independence or a “M” for the Communist Manifesto.
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Economic SystemsCapitalism CommunismSimilarities
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Democracy Totalitarianism Similarities
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Essential Questions
• What role did Lenin play in the Russian Revolution?
• How do planned/command economies function compared to market economies?
• In what way was the Soviet New Economic Plan (NEP) similar to capitalism?
• In what ways can a totalitarian state control all social aspects of ones life?
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Nicholas II
Joseph Stalin
Vladimir Lenin
Alexander II
Leaders ofRussia/USSR
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Terms to Know for Quiz• Abdicate, • Assassinate, • Bolsheviks, • Bourgeoisie, • Communist
Manifesto, • Duma, • Emancipation
Edict,
• Five-Year Plan, • Genocide, Karl • Marx, • New Economic
Policy, • Proletariat, • Provisional
Government, • Purge,
• Russo-Japanese War,
• Serfs, • Socialism, • Totalitarianism, • Trans-Siberian
Railroad, • World War I