Enterprise
description
Transcript of Enterprise
Arctic Forum 2006
Information InfrastructurePrinciples, Components and Thoughts Regarding II for
the Support of Scientific Research
1. Information Infrastructure – Background and Principles
2. Components3. Special Needs, Issues and Challenges for II in
Scientific Communities4. Thoughts About the Road Ahead
Local/Regional/NationalSpatial Data
Infrastructures
Local/Regional/NationalSpatial Data
Infrastructures
Department GISDepartment GIS
Enterprise GISEnterprise GIS
Project GISProject GIS
GIS EvolutionGIS Evolution
Region YRegion Y
Organization
X
Organization
X
Institution
Z
Institution
Z
Person APerson A
Department
M
Department
M
Etc.Etc.
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
DataData
DataData
Data Is The Single Most Significant Investment
Data Is The Single Most Significant Investment
Dat
aD
ata
Har
dw
are
Har
dw
are
Sof
twar
eS
oftw
are
Tra
inin
gT
rain
ing
85%85%
DataData
Data Value Can Be Leveraged Among Many Applications
Data Value Can Be Leveraged Among Many Applications
Utility Management
Utility Management
Disaster PlanningDisaster Planning
Urban PlanningUrban
Planning
Land RecordsLand
Records
Public HealthPublic Health
Etc.Etc.
A geographic information revolution is occurring…A geographic information revolution is occurring…
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI)
SDI as a principle recognizes GIS data as a fundamental infrastructure component for national physical, cultural and economic development, akin to highways, telecommunications networks and educational facilities.
Transportation
Electricity
Telecommunications
Education
SDI
What is an SDI?What is an SDI?
National Spatial Data
Initiative (U.S.)
Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for
Asia and the Pacific
European Union INSPIRE
Australian Spatial Data
Infrastructure
Growing Number of Regional Initiatives
Qatar National GIS
Oman National GIS
Global Spatial Data
Initiative
Libya Spatial Data Infrastructure
Kuwait SDI
19901980 2000
100 Countries Are Now Developing SDI At Some Level
50 Countries Have Signed To Participate in Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
The Community Is Growing Every Year
100 Countries Are Now Developing SDI At Some Level
50 Countries Have Signed To Participate in Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
The Community Is Growing Every Year
What is an SDI?
SDI is a Framework……….
Standards
Policies
Organization
Technology
….for sharing geospatial data
MetadataFGDS
Technology
PortalServicesNetwork
LegalFinancialTechnical
ExecutiveTechnical
FGDS CustodianAgency Enterprise
International SDI experience very valuable, and many “targets” are the same……………….
Standards
Policies
Organization
Technology
MetadataFGDS
Technology
PortalServicesNetwork
LegalFinancialTechnical
ExecutiveTechnical
FGDS CustodianAgency Enterprise
……but approach has to be tailored to the special needs of every “community”.
Standards
Policies
Organization
Technology
MetadataFGDS
Technology
PortalServicesNetwork
LegalFinancialTechnical
ExecutiveTechnical
FGDS CustodianAgency Enterprise
Metadata
…a catalog that contains data about data……
SDI Network Enables …
Search, Discovery, and Brokering of
access to geospatial resources
DataApplications
Web sitesDocuments
Metadata Plays an Integrating RoleMetadata Plays an Integrating Role
MetadataDiscovery metadata - What data sets hold the sort of data I am interested in? This enable organisations to know and publicise what data holdings they have.
Exploration metadata - Do the identified data sets contain sufficient information to enable a sensible analysis to be made for my purposes? This is documentation to be provided with the data to ensure that others use the data correctly and wisely. Exploitation metadata - What is the process of obtaining and using the data that are required? This helps end users and provider organisations to effectively store, reuse, maintain and archive their data holdings.
MetadataSeveral Geospatial Metadata “Standards”
• FGDC• OGC• ISO
Other Related Metadata “Standards”
• MARC• Dublin Core
MetadataEmerging Extensions in Various “Communities of Practice”
• Natural Resource Science• Engineering• Many others and growing………..
Standards
Policies
Organization
Technology
MetadataFGDS
Technology
PortalServicesNetwork
LegalFinancialTechnical
ExecutiveTechnical
FGDS CustodianAgency Enterprise
FGDS
…Fundamental Geospatial Data Sets (FGDS) data topics that are needed in common by many stakeholders……
Standards
Policies
Organization
Technology
MetadataFGDS
Technology
PortalServicesNetwork
LegalFinancialTechnical
ExecutiveTechnical
FGDS CustodianAgency Enterprise
FGDS
• Topics• Scale• Content• Format
National Information Infrastructure
Spatial Data Infrastructure
National Statistics and
Indicators
ITC National Computing
and Network Infrastructure
Other
Growing recognition that SDI is part of a larger societal issue
What Are the Common Components of NII??
What Are the Common Components of NII??
Standards
Policies
Organization
Technology
Many Commonalities and Dependencies
Information sharing “federations” are
happening all over the world in many different ways,
shapes, forms, and levels of organization
Many Geographic and Topical
“Communities of Interest and Practice”
There has already been huge international investment in the development of
general purpose “framework” data, methods and tools
There has already been huge international investment in the development of
general purpose “framework” data, methods and tools
Large numbers of environmental management organizations are developing
new and innovative methods, tools and data standards on top of this infrastructure
Large numbers of environmental management organizations are developing
new and innovative methods, tools and data standards on top of this infrastructure
Use of IS/GIS, and the formation of data sharing
networks by scientific research communities is still
highly variable
Use of IS/GIS, and the formation of data sharing
networks by scientific research communities is still
highly variable
2001 Arctic GIS Workshop and White Paperhttp://www.arcus.org/gis/2001_Workshop.html
Benefits to ScienceBenefits to Science
2001 Arctic GIS Workshop and White Paperhttp://www.arcus.org/gis/2001_Workshop.html
Some Special NeedsSome Special NeedsSoftware tools need to be extended to fit research needs
Data model ontologies need re-thinking
Dynamic modeling and simulation tools require more integrative capabilities
Better integration with monitoring and measurement technologies needed
Recognition of data collection and publishing as a valid scientific pursuit
Need stronger partnerships and collaboration with the GIScience, SDI and Information Science communities (among others)
US National Academy of Science’s Polar Research Board Arctic Observing
System (AOS) PanelCircumarctic
Environmental Observatories Network
(CEON) Study of Environmental
Arctic Change (SEARCH)
International Study of Arctic Change (ISAC),
Arctic Ocean Observing System (AOOS)
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA)
Various IPY Initiatives
Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II)
Environmental Agencies Have Environmental Agencies Have Broad NeedsBroad Needs
Baseline reconnaissanceIssue identification and characterizationKnowledge and data gap discoveryField data collection program designField data collectionRemotely sensed data collectionRaw data processing and verificationData synthesis and analysisData derivation and extrapolation
Environmental Agencies Have Environmental Agencies Have Broad NeedsBroad Needs
Resource inventory and mappingMonitoring and assessmentEcosystem behavior simulation Indicator measurement and trend analysisPermit issuance and trackingViolation tracking and enforcementPollution tracking and assessmentCatastrophic pollution contingency planning and responseEcosystem science knowledge managementPolicy/management decision support
Supporting a Science-Based Environmental Agency With GIS
and Related Information Technologies Is A Special
Challenge That Requires Bridging Among Several Disciplines
Supporting a Science-Based Environmental Agency With GIS
and Related Information Technologies Is A Special
Challenge That Requires Bridging Among Several Disciplines
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
POLICYPOLICY SCIENCESCIENCE
DATADATA
METHODSMETHODS TOOLSTOOLS
SCIENCESCIENCE
Most scientists are highly trained and intelligent individualists
Trained to question almost everything
Disdain political considerations and anything “unscientific”
Don’t like to be told what to do,especially by non-scientists
Most are not trained in information science and don’t knowwhat you mean if you tell them that
Are highly protective of their databecause no one else can possibly understandit and will likely use it for inappropriate uses
POLICYPOLICY
Most policy makers are highly trained and intelligent individualists
Trained to force everything into rational structures that avoid
pesky questions
Believe policy making is the primary reason for science to exist
Like to tell people what to do,especially scientists
Love scientists and information technology when they support the decisions the policy makers
have already made
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
Most resource managers are highly trained and intelligent individualists
Don’t like to be told what to do, especially by scientists and policy makers
Feel that anything that isn’t “on the ground” is “blue sky”
DATADATA
METHODSMETHODS TOOLSTOOLS
Most information technology Professionals are highly trained and intelligent individualists
Disdain “non-technical” policy makers and scientists. Don’t know enough about resource managers to hate them much
Derive comfort from knowing that no one knows enough to really tell them what to do and know whether
it’s been done or not
Feel that people that don’t have a clearly defined“business case” need to get better organized
Road AheadRoad Ahead
• Continued awareness at many levels among the involved stakeholder communities;• Support of existing and planned research information “federations”;• Build common foundation infrastructure (portals, metadata catalogs, fieldwork infrastructure and catalogs, etc.)• Link to existing geospatial data clearinghouses and networks• Build and strengthen interlinkages among the Arctic research community
In the Internet Age, Information Infrastructure is more about people and
institutions……
…..than it is about technology
MINE!!!MINE!!!…..we constrain its distribution and use
As long as we treat information as a zero-sum game……
We Need A New Paradigm For How We Work Together
Ours!Ours!
CommunicateCoordinateCooperateCollaborate
Are we up to the challenge??
Are we up to the challenge??