Entering My Haul Road Profile

©2009 Dr. B. C. PaulNote- This presentation draws on previous notes developed as early as 2000 and contains numerous screen shots from the program FPC

developed by Caterpillar Equipment Company

Our Next Task

When working with FPC software the next info that must be input to go forward is the haulage route• We know that we have a 17,000 foot trip

each way to each of two destinations• We will have two routes – each composed of

a loaded haul and an empty return Of course conditions will vary along the

route and so we break the route into segments that have similar conditions

Dividing Haulage Profile

Road Segments Divide When• There is a major change in grade

(slope)• There is a major change in underfoot

conditions• There is a major change in vehicle

operating considerations• Starting• Stopping• Major Turns

What is Major?

Depends in part on what you are doing• Computer Methods favor greater

detail• Hand methods favor more moderation

Good intuitive Check is whether sustained enough to change vehicle speed

Roads Produce Forces that Influence Vehicle Movement

Roads slope up hill and down• This will cause gravity to work for or against

the forward movement of the truck• It is called grade resistance

The common unit of Grade Resistance is %• Example – if a road goes up 1 foot for every

10 feet of distance it is called 10% grade (note that 1 is 10% of 10)

Note that we are not using slope angles

Other Forces

Trucks are subject to wind or air resistance• Air resistance increases dramatically with

speed• For a car going 70 mph wind resistance is one of

the largest opposing forces

• Haul trucks lumber along at slow paces and wind resistance is usually considered 0 for an engineering approximation.

Rolling Resistance

Tires Sink into Ground - softer ground sink more

Tires Flatten Driving uphill out of a rut on a flat

tire spot Need to Know Underfoot conditions

and Type of Tire (Radial or Bias Ply)

Data Comes From an All Knowing Table

Reading the Table

Note that Table Gives either lbs/ton or % Grade

One way to treat rolling resistance is as a equivalent grade• Puts in the same units as grade resistance

so they are additive We will ignore the lbs/ton system for

now, but it will become an issue later

Inputting Our Route

Click on the HaulRoad Tab

Name the Course and the Amount of Material

I’m going to consider the routeTo the regular oil shaleRefinery

I know 66,500,000 tons of the70,000,000 tons of productionAre going here.

Type in My Info

I also need to supply my materialWeight characteristics. Since IKnow it is 2107 lbs/cubic yardLoose I could type it in.

Or I can click on select materialAnd a whole table of CaterpillarMaterial weight data will appear

It Turns Out I Can Pick Shale from the List and Click OK

The Data Appears

Now I Need to Describe My Haulage Route

I will need to identify the length of the segment, the grade resistance,A rolling resistance, a speed limit (if needed), and a description (whichComes in very handy during later review)

My Haulage Profile

My loading bench is level and I will go 550 feet to the ramp to get out of the pit.

Issue #1 – part of that distance will be in a congested loading area• I will probably want a speed limit on

that area different than for the bench as a whole

When I Entered 150 ft and 0 % Grade

Another line appeared for more of the route. I entered 0% gradeBecause the bench itself is level.

Now I need a speed limit

Congested Area Guidelines

(From Surface Mining - First Edition)

I’m going to consider my conditions average.

Enter the Data and a Description

Now I need a rolling resistance. This is packed earth and most CatTrucks now have radial tires.

Hard Smooth Stabilized Surface

I like 1.7 for our established haul road withRadial tires

Enter the Information

Next 4500 feet out of the pit and then 7200 feet down a canyon

Enter the Data

Now what about the grade resistance – what is positive and what isNegative?

Sign Conventions and Resistance

Standard Convention• A positive resistance resists motion• A negative resistance favors motion

Note that rolling resistance will always be positive because it always resists motion no matter what the direction

That 10% grade out of the pit is +10 That 5% grade down the canyon is -5

Enter the Rest of the Route

I did put a 30Mph limit on theTrucks goingDown theCanyon due toRoad winding

Now for the Return Trip

If you will use theSame road on theReturn – just goingThe other wayJust click MirrorHaul Road

Return Route Automatically Appears

Of course IStill need toPut in theDescriptionsSince they doNot reverseInMathematicallyPredictableways

Enter the Descriptions

A problem for the

789.It will useDrive by loadingSo the routeAcross the benchCannot beMirrored.

That is where theInsert and deleteSegment buttonsAllow for minorModifications.(Also works

goodFor I forgots)

Now We Need to Add the Secret Course

Click add course to add theNext course.

(Some mines may have separateOre and waste routes andSeparate fleets. You can enterAny number of routes and thenSelect which trucks will useThem. Not every truck set mustUse every route)

Input the Second Course

Uranium diversiontonnage

The Secret Route

Note high rolling resistance for the loose sand and low resistance for thePaved tunnel