(ENT203) Iterating Your Way To 95% Reserved Instance Usage | AWS re:Invent 2014
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Transcript of (ENT203) Iterating Your Way To 95% Reserved Instance Usage | AWS re:Invent 2014
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© 2014 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified, or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
November 12, 2014 | Las Vegas
ENT203
Iterating Your Way to 95% Reserved
Instance UsageToban Zolman, Cloudability
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Today’s topics
• Introduce a Reserved Instance purchasing
methodology
• Understand how RIs are applied
• Learn the best metrics to measure RI
effectiveness
• How to adjust reservations and infrastructure to
achieve 95% coverage Toban Zolman
VP, Product Development
Cloudability
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@cloudabilit
y
Cloud cost analytics
Cloudability
1 2 3
4 5
Spend
management
Spending visibility via
monthly forecasts, dash-
board, budget alerts, and
daily email digests.
Cost
analytics
Dig into your operating
costs with detailed
costs by tag, service,
and usage type.
EC2 usage
analytics
Spot underutilized
resources w/ instance
level usage metrics.
RI purchase
analytics
Understand the exact
combination of reserved
instances that will
maximize your savings.
Enterprise
enablement
Organizational group
views/filtering/rollups,
multi-user access.
$1B+ of cloud spending under management • 13,000 users
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RI buying methodology
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Why RIs? And why 95% coverage?
• RIs can be the easiest way to control costsAs a Product & Engineering head, I’d much rather use RIs to reduce cost than work
on other efficiencies
• Every dollar spent on on-demand could be 50% cheaper with an RIWith the exception of unplanned or short-lived usage you should be running almost
everything under a reservation
• With scalable architecture its not practical to have full 100% coverageA monthly buying and modification cycle can net you at about 95% coverage over
the course of a year
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What drives infrastructure changes?
• Application needsApps change, scale, and become more sophisticated needing more compute,
memory, or storage
• Price changesAs Amazon drives down prices, it changes the cost profile of existing infrastructure
• New optimized instance typesLeverage optimized instances to be more efficient
The goal is to anticipate these items and constantly tweak
reservations to maximize coverage (and thus savings)
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Bet the house on reactionary purchases
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too little too late
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BURNING MONEY
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How is your company structuring RI buys?
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Reservation management
methodology
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Reservations Infrastructure
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Buy
MeasureLearn
PurchaseAlign
ROI
Minimize time
through loop
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Buy
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Topics
• Understanding reservations
• Purchasing strategies
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Understanding reservations
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Cost savings Capacity reservation
Reservations have two parts
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Reservations are applied each hour
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What makes up a reservation?
InstanceRI term RI type
Instance family Size OS Location (AZ)
m1 large Linux us-east-1a 1 year Light
r3 8xlarge RHEL us-west-2b 3 years Medium
m3 medium Windows ap-northeast-1b 1 year Heavy
Source: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/reserved-instances-fundamentals.html
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Each combination has a different price
There are 2,000+ different reservation configurations
• Each with their own up-front fee
• Each with their own hourly usage price
• Each with their own “break-even” points
Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/
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Purchasing strategies
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Buy early and often
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Fear, uncertainty, doubt stalls decisions
• Should I wait until prices drop?
• What if our usage changes?
• What if I don’t want to be in a contract for three years?
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Actual AWS price history
$0.00
$0.25
$0.50
$0.75
$1.00
3/1/09 12/1/09 9/1/10 6/1/11 3/1/12 12/1/12 9/1/13 6/1/14
1 Year RI 3 Year RI On Demand
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Actual AWS price history (effective rate)
$0.00
$0.25
$0.50
$0.75
$1.00
3/1/09 12/1/09 9/1/10 6/1/11 3/1/12 12/1/12 9/1/13 6/1/14
1 Year RI 3 Year RI On Demand
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Total price 3 years of use
• Prices drop, but not fast enough to erode saving
• If usage is greater than 50% 3 year RIs saved money
Source: http://blog.cloudability.com/cloud-cost-war-shouldnt-stop-buying-reserved-instances/
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Analyze worst case scenarioWhat if we bought an RI the day before a price change?
Old price New price Change
On demand $0.26 $0.208 20%
1 year ri $0.064 $0.056 12.5%
February 2013 price change (m1.large medium RI 80% usage):
Total cost
1 Year RI before
change$1,201
On demand after
change$1,458
New on-demand price still
higher than old RI price
Total cost before and after
Source: http://blog.cloudability.com/cloud-cost-war-shouldnt-stop-buying-reserved-instances/
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Cost of waiting for a change
Extra cost for 4 months of OD Savings from locking in new price Amount over paid
$387 $154 $233
Source: http://blog.cloudability.com/cloud-cost-war-shouldnt-stop-buying-reserved-instances/
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It doesn’t pay to waitCONCLUSION
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Scenario 2: Purchase frequency
0
13
25
38
50
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
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On-demand Annual Quarterly Monthly
Total cost $309,053 $205,209 $134,900 $95,854
Discounted hours 0% 48% 90% 95%
Savings 0% 34% 63% 69%
$40k savings
Scenario 2: Purchase frequency
Source: http://blog.cloudability.com/why-you-need-to-buy-aws-reservations-more-than-once-year/
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Purchase RIs as frequently as possibleCONCLUSION
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Buy
MeasureLearn
Minimize time
through loop
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How to structure monthly purchases
1. Cover as many hours as you can as quickly as you can
The faster you can get coverage the more you will save over time
2. Focus your budget on high confidence purchases
Buy reservations for instances that are (almost) always running
3. Focus on the highest savings first
Buy reservations for instances that have a rapid ROI
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Identify instances with high
savings and heavy utilization
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How to structure monthly purchases
1. Cover as many hours as you can as quickly as you can
The faster you can get coverage the more you will save over time
2. Focus your budget on high confidence purchases
Buy reservations for instances that are (almost) always running
3. Focus on the highest savings first
Buy reservations for instances that have a rapid ROI
4. Spread purchases horizontally across infrastructure
Purchase tactically across all instance families to avoid cliffs and
lock-in
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Measure
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Instance coverage
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Focus measurement on two factors:
Instance coverage & reducing hourly cost
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Learn
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Migrate, modify, or mature
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Migrate
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Migration is about building an
RI friendly architecture:
Increase flexibility & maximize cost savings
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1. Consolidate instance families
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Why instance families matter
• RI modifications can only happen within a family
Reservations can be changed at any time from one size to another
within a family
• RIs can apply across consolidated billing accounts
Reservations can apply across linked accounts if the original account
is not using it. Fewer families means more spots an RI can be
applied.
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2. Migrate to modern instances
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Cost savings
m1.medium m3.medium
On demand $0.087 $0.07
Heavy RI upfront $247 $222
Heavy RI hourly $0.02 $0.018
Annual cost (100% util) $762 $613
Save $150 yr20% savings
Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/
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Instance type migration pathsLegacy instance type Modern instance type
T1T2
M1
M1 M3
C1 C3
H1 I2
M2R3
CR1
Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/previous-generation/
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Migration strategy
• Proactively plan instance type migrations
Finance and Ops have to talk on this one to understand when
upgrades should happen and what impact it has on reservations
• Tactically renew reservations on legacy instances
If you’re going to run a legacy instance for a while, you might as well
cover it with an RI but only renew what you have to
High frequency reservation purchases make this transition easier
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M1 reservations can still be a good deal
Buy RIs on legacy instance types if you are still going to be using
them in 6 months (or shop in the marketplace for shorter term RIs)
savings
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Modify
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Modifying Reserved Instances
• Instances with Linux OSInstance type (within family)
Availability Zone (within region)
Network (VPC or Classic)
• Instances with a licensed OS or without a familyAvailability Zone (within region)
Network (VPC or Classic)
• Reservations cannot be moved between accounts
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We are family
M1* M2* M3 C1* C3 R3 i2 t2
small
medium
large
xlarge
xlarge
2xlarge
4xlarge
medium
large
xlarge
2xlarge
medium
xlarge
large
xlarge
2xlarge
4xlarge
8xlarge
large
xlarge
2xlarge
4xlarge
8xlarge
xlarge
2xlarge
4xlarge
8xlarge
micro
small
medium
* LEGACY FAMILY
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Instance types without a family
• t1.micro*
• cr1.8xlarge*
• cc2.8xlarge*
• cg1.4xlarge*
• cr1.8xlarge*
• hi1.4xlarge*
• hs1.8xlarge
• g2.2xlarge
* LEGACY FAMILY
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Modifying instance type
Instance size Normalization factor
micro 0.5
small 1
medium 2
large 4
xlarge 8
2xlarge 16
4xlarge 32
8xlarge 64
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2xlarge
Modifying instance type
=16PTS
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2xlarge
xlarge xlarge
Modifying instance type
168 8+ =
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2xlarge
xlarge xlarge
large large large large
Modifying instance type
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medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium
2xlarge
xlarge xlarge
large large large large
Modifying instance type
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small small small small small small small small small small small small small small small small
medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium
2xlarge
xlarge xlarge
large large large large
Modifying instance type
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small small small small small small small small small small small small small small small small
medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium
2xlarge
xlarge xlarge
large large large large
Modifying instance type
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Reservations represent sunk costModifications let you move those reservations to
maximize savings as your infrastructure changes
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Amazon EC2 Reserved Instance Marketplace
If you simply can’t use existing reservations then selling them
on the marketplace is a viable option
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Mature
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Coverage is king
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Conclusion
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Buy
MeasureLearn
PurchaseAlign
ROI
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Take aways
• Buy RIs early and often
• Focus budget on “high confidence” purchases
• Measure RI coverage and cost-per-hour metrics
• Migrate, modify, and mature reservations to achieve 95%
coverage