Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 · This report provides information on enrollment in...

Enrollment in Texas Public Schools

2017-18

Division of Research and Analysis Office of Academics

Texas Education Agency August 2018

Enrollment in Texas Public Schools

2017-18

Project Staff Brittany Wright

Spring Lee Holly Ryon

Editorial Staff Shannon Nagy

Christine Whalen Richard Kallus

Division of Research and Analysis Office of Academics

Texas Education Agency August 2018

ii Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

Texas Education Agency Mike Morath, Commissioner of Education

Office of Academics Penny Schwinn, Chief Deputy Commissioner

Division of Research and Analysis Linda Roska, Executive Director

Accountability Research Unit Jennifer Broussard, Director

Citation. Texas Education Agency. (2018). Enrollment in Texas public schools, 2017-18. (Document No. GE18 601 06). Austin TX: Author.

Abstract. This report provides information on enrollment in the Texas public school system from the 2007-08 through 2017-18 school years, based on data collected through the Texas Student Data System. Enrollment data are provided by grade, race/ethnicity, gender, and economically disadvantaged status, and for special populations and instructional programs. Data also are reported by education service center region and for open-enrollment charter schools.

Additional copies of this document may be purchased using the order form in the back of this publication. Also, the report is available in PDF format on the agency website at http://www.tea.texas.gov/acctres/ enroll_index.html. Additional information about this report may be obtained by contacting the Texas Education Agency Division of Research and Analysis by phone at (512) 475-3523 or by e-mail at [email protected]. Copyright © Notice. The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: (1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts' and schools' educa-tional use without obtaining permission from TEA; (2) residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only without obtaining written permission of TEA; (3) any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way; and (4) no monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty. For information contact: Copyrights Office, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512-463-9041; email: [email protected].

http://www.tea.texas.gov/acctres/enroll_index.html

http://www.tea.texas.gov/acctres/enroll_index.html

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 iii

Contents Overview .................................................................................................................................................... vii

Highlights ..................................................................................................................................................... ix

Enrollment in Texas ...................................................................................................................................... 1

Statewide Enrollment .................................................................................................................................... 5

Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity ................................................................................................................. 7

Enrollment by Economically Disadvantaged Status ............................................................................. 10

Enrollment by Economically Disadvantaged Status and Race/Ethnicity ............................................. 11

Enrollment by Gender ........................................................................................................................... 13

Enrollment by Grade ................................................................................................................................... 14

Enrollment by Grade and Age .............................................................................................................. 16

Enrollment by Grade and Race/Ethnicity ............................................................................................. 17

Enrollment by Grade and Economically Disadvantaged Status ........................................................... 20

Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations ................................................................. 22

Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Race/Ethnicity ............................ 28

Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Economically Disadvantaged Status ..................................................................................................................................................... 31

Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Gender ........................................ 33

Enrollment by Education Service Center .................................................................................................... 35

Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity .............................................................. 39

Enrollment by Education Service Center and Economically Disadvantaged Status ............................ 44

Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools ....................................................................................... 46

Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools by Race/Ethnicity ................................................... 48

Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools by Economically Disadvantaged Status ................. 50

Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools by Grade ................................................................. 51

Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools for Instructional Programs and Special Populations ............................................................................................................................................ 52

National Enrollment Trends ........................................................................................................................ 55

References ................................................................................................................................................... 61

List of Tables Table 1. Enrollment Summary, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 .......................................... 4

Table 2. Statewide Enrollment, Texas Public Schools, 1987-88 Through 2017-18 .................................. 6

Table 3. Change in Statewide Enrollment, Texas Public Schools ............................................................. 6

iv Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

Table 4. Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ..................... 8

Table 5. Hispanic Students by Race, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18.................................. 9

Table 6. Non-Hispanic Multiracial Students by Most Common Racial Combinations, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 .................................................................................................... 9

Table 7. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ....................................................................................................................... 10

Table 8. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Racial/Ethnic Groups, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 .................................................................... 12

Table 9. Enrollment by Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ............................... 13

Table 10. Enrollment by Grade, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 ......................................... 15

Table 11. Enrollment of Students in Grades 9-12 by Age, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 ..................... 16

Table 12. Enrollment by Grade and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 ......... 18

Table 13. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Grades, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 .................................................................................................. 21

Table 14. Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ......................................................................................................... 25

Table 15. Enrollment of Twice-Exceptional Students, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ...................................................................................................................................... 27

Table 16. Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 ....................................................................................... 29

Table 17. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Instructional Programs and Special Populations, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 and 2017-18 ........................................... 32

Table 18. Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 and 2017-18 .................................................................................................. 34

Table 19. Enrollment by Education Service Center, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ...................................................................................................................................... 37

Table 20. Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 ................................................................................................................. 40

Table 21. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Education Service Centers, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 and 2017-18 ............................................................................ 45

Table 22. Statewide Enrollment, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 1996-97 Through 2017-18 ...................................................................................................................................... 47

Table 23. Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ....................................................................................................................... 49

Table 24. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 .......................................................................................... 50

Table 25. Enrollment by Grade, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 .......... 51

Table 26. Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ............................................................................. 53

Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 v

Table 27. Public School Enrollment, Four Most Populous States and the United States, Fall 2004 and Fall 2014 ............................................................................................................................. 56

Table 28. Public School Enrollment (%) by Race/Ethnicity, Four Most Populous States and the United States, Fall 2004 and Fall 2014 .................................................................................... 57

Table 29. Public School Enrollment (%) of Students Eligible for the National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Program, Four Most Populous States and the United States, 2005-06 and 2014-15 ............................................................................................................................... 58

Table 30. Public School Enrollment (%) of Students Participating in Special Education Programs, Four Most Populous States and the United States, 2006-07 and 2015-16 ................................. 58

Table 31. Public School Enrollment (%) of Students Participating in Programs for Students Identified as English Language Learners, Four Most Populous States and the United States, Fall 2005 and Fall 2015 ................................................................................................. 59

List of Figures Figure 1. Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ..................... 7

Figure 2. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ....................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 3. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Racial/Ethnic Groups, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 .................................................................... 11

Figure 4. Enrollment by Grade, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 ......................................... 15

Figure 5. Enrollment of Students in Grades 9-12 by Age, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 ..................... 16

Figure 6. Enrollment by Grade and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 .............................. 17

Figure 7. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Grades, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 ....................................................................................................................... 20

Figure 8. Enrollment in Instructional Programs, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ...................................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 9. Enrollment for Instructional Programs by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 ...................................................................................................................................... 28

Figure 10. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Instructional Programs, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 ................................................................................................. 31

Figure 11. Enrollment for Instructional Programs by Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 ................. 33

Figure 12. Change in Enrollment Within Education Service Centers, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 to 2017-18 ................................................................................................................... 36

Figure 13. Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 ...................................................................................................................................... 39

Figure 14. Change in Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Education Service Centers, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 to 2017-18 .................................................... 44

Figure 15. Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ....................................................................................................................... 48

vi Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

Figure 16. Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 .......................................................................................... 50

Figure 17. Enrollment by Grade, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 .......... 51

Figure 18. Enrollment in Instructional Programs, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 ....................................................................................................................... 52

Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 vii

Overview

This report provides enrollment data for students attending Texas public schools in the 2017-18 school year and updates 10-year trends in state enrollment. Enrollment data are provided by the following student characteristics: race/ethnicity, economic status, gender, and grade level. Data are also provided by student participation in the following special instructional programs: bilingual or English as a second language (ESL), career and technical education, gifted and talented, special education, and Title I. In ad-dition, data are provided for the following special populations: students identified as at risk of dropping out of school, as English language learners, as in foster care, as homeless, as immigrants, as migrants, and as military-connected. Data are also provided for students identified as twice-exceptional; that is, stu-dents who are identified as gifted and talented as defined under Texas Education Code §29.121 and who are also identified as having a disability based on federal or state eligibility criteria (Texas Education Agency, n.d.).

Enrollment data for the 20 regional education service centers (ESCs) throughout the state are pre-sented, as are data for open-enrollment charter schools. In addition, national enrollment trends are exam-ined, and enrollment data for the four most populous states in the United States (California, Florida, New York, and Texas) are compared.

viii Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 ix

Highlights

• In the 2007-08 school year, 4,671,493 students were enrolled in Texas public schools. By 2017-18, enrollment had risen to 5,399,682 students. Over the 10-year period, total enrollment increased by 728,189 students, or by 15.6 percent.

• In 2017-18, statewide enrollment increased from the previous year by 0.8 percent.

• Across the five largest racial/ethnic groups in 2017-18, enrollment increased from the previous year for African American, Asian, Hispanic, and multiracial students and decreased slightly for White students.

• Across the same groups, Hispanic students accounted for the largest percentage of total enrollment in Texas public schools in 2017-18 (52.4%), followed by White (27.9%), African American (12.6%), Asian (4.4%), and multiracial (2.3%) students.

• The percentage of students identified as economically disadvantaged in 2017-18 (58.7%) was higher than the percentage identified in 2007-08 (55.2%).

• Between 2007-08 and 2017-18, the percentage increase in the number of students identified as eco-nomically disadvantaged (23.0%) was greater than the percentage increase in the student population overall (15.6%).

• In 2017-18, Grade 9 had the highest enrollment, at 432,951 students, followed by Grade 5, at 414,386 students.

• The percentage of students identified as English language learners grew from 16.6 percent in 2007-08 to 18.8 percent in 2017-18.

• The number of students identified as homeless increased by 61.7 percent between 2016-17 and 2017-18. Of the 111,931 students identified as homeless in 2017-18, over 46,000 were reported as being affected by hurricanes that year.

• The number of students in Grades 9-12 participating in career and technical education programs in-creased by 86.6 percent between 2007-08 and 2017-18.

• In 2017-18, the largest group of students identified as twice-exceptional were those who were partici-pating in gifted and talented programs who were also identified as economically disadvantaged.

• Across regional education service centers in 2007-08, Region 4 (Houston) served the largest student population, accounting for 22.1 percent of total state public school enrollment. In 2017-18, Region 4 continued to serve the largest proportion of total enrollment (22.5%).

• In the 2017-18 school year, there were 707 open-enrollment charter school campuses that served 296,323 students. Students enrolled in open-enrollment charter schools accounted for 5.5 percent of the total Texas public school population.

• Across the five largest racial/ethnic groups in 2017-18, Hispanic students accounted for the largest percentage of total enrollment in open-enrollment charter schools (59.7%), followed by African American (17.8%), White (15.8%), Asian (4.5%), and multiracial (1.9%) students.

• In the 2017-18 school year, 67.5 percent of Texas open-enrollment charter school students were iden-tified as economically disadvantaged.

x Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

• According to national figures, public school enrollment in Texas increased by 18.8 percent between 2004 and 2014, more than six times the increase in the United States (3.1%) over the same time pe-riod. This was the second-highest percentage increase in statewide public school enrollment in the nation, behind Utah (26.2%).

• According to national figures, from 2004 to 2014, the proportion of public school enrollment ac-counted for by Hispanic students increased from 44.7 percent to 52.0 percent in Texas and from 19.1 percent to 25.4 percent nationwide. During the same period, the proportion of enrollment ac-counted for by White students decreased from 37.7 percent to 29.0 percent in Texas and from 58.0 percent to 49.5 percent nationwide.

• National figures indicate the majority of students in Texas (58.8%) were eligible for free or reduced-price meals in the 2014-15 school year, 7.0 percentage points higher than the national average (51.8%). Between 2005-06 and 2014-15, the percentage of eligible students increased by 10.6 percentage points in Texas and by 9.8 percentage points nationwide.

Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 1

Enrollment in Texas

Reporting of Enrollment Data Enrollment is typically defined as the number of students registered in a school at a designated time

in the school year. In this report, enrollment refers to the number of students enrolled in early education through Grade 12 in the Texas public school system as of the last Friday in October. This designated day is called the "snapshot date" in the Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS). Enroll-ment counts are available for all campuses, school districts, charter schools, counties, education service center regions, and the state.

Enrollment data in Texas include student demographic information, such as race/ethnicity, gender, and economically disadvantaged status, and information on student participation in special programs. Data on student characteristics and program participation are essential for monitoring educational pro-gress and planning educational programs at all levels of the education system.

Financial planners and civic leaders use enrollment data to monitor the educational needs of a com-munity. For example, a growing community will consider current enrollment data when making decisions to add teachers or adjust school programs in the short term. For long-term planning purposes, districts use enrollment trend data to predict and respond to changing needs in areas such as school facilities.

Texas public school enrollment data are used at the regional and state levels for education policy planning, administration, and research. Because enrollment trends reflect changes in society as a whole, the Texas Education Agency (TEA), state legislature, and research organizations use enrollment data to prepare for the future educational needs of Texas. Enrollment data allow the computation of many vital statistics about the Texas public education system, such as student/teacher ratios.

Since 1994, accountability ratings for Texas public schools and districts have been based on legisla-tively mandated indicators that draw from enrollment data collected by TEA. Texas law provides that "Performance on the achievement indicators adopted ... must be based on information that is disaggre-gated by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status ..." (Texas Education Code [TEC] §39.053, 2018). As a result, performance is reported by total student population and by student group categories, such as race/ethnicity and economically disadvantaged status.

Enrollment data also are required by federal education legislation. For example, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015) obliges states to submit data for all students by the following categories: eco-nomically disadvantaged students; students from major racial and ethnic groups; students with disabili-ties; and students identified as English language learners. Likewise, ESSA requires state report cards to be submitted annually with information on student achievement disaggregated by race, ethnicity, gender, dis-ability status, migrant status, English language proficiency, status as economically disadvantaged, home-less status, foster care status, and status as a student with a parent who is a member of the U.S. armed forces on active duty.

In the 2017-18 school year, a broad range of information was collected through the Texas Student Data System (TSDS) on more than 1,200 school districts and open-enrollment charters; more than 8,900 schools; more than 356,000 teachers; and over 5.3 million students. Texas public school students are served in markedly diverse school settings. Districts ranged in size from less than one square mile to nearly five thousand square miles. The district with the smallest enrollment in the state, San Vicente Inde-pendent School District (ISD), had a total enrollment of 12 students. In contrast, more than 214,000 stu-dents received instruction at 285 school sites in Houston ISD.

2 Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

Data for state-administered school districts are not included in this report. State-administered districts are created by legislative act and funded and administered by state government agencies, such as the Texas Juvenile Justice Department and the Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services.

This report provides an overview of Texas enrollment trends, including diversity of the student popu-lation by grade, by education service center region, and within open-enrollment charter schools (Table 1 on page 4). Historical data on Texas public school enrollment are included with discussion of changes over time.

Reporting of Race/Ethnicity Data submissions prior to 2009-10. School districts submit PEIMS student demographic infor-mation to TEA through TSDS. Prior to the 2009-10 school year, TEA required that districts submit one of five racial/ethnic categories for each student: American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian or Pacific Is-lander; Black or African American (not of Hispanic origin); Hispanic/Latino; or White (not of Hispanic origin).

Data submissions beginning in 2009-10. In 2009-10, TEA began collecting data on race and ethnicity in compliance with a new federal standard (TEA, 2009). For that year only, as a transitional measure, the data also were collected using the old standard. The new standard requires that race and ethnicity be collected separately using a specific two-part question, presented in a specific order, and that both parts of the question be answered (TEA, 2017).

Part 1. Ethnicity: Is the person Hispanic/Latino? Choose only one.

• Hispanic/Latino

• Not Hispanic/Latino

Part 2. Race: What is the person's race? Choose one or more, regardless of ethnicity.

• American Indian or Alaska Native

• Asian

• Black or African American

• Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

• White

The racial/ethnic categories are defined as follows. Hispanic/Latino includes students of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. American Indian or Alaska Native includes students having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintain a tribal affiliation or community at-tachment. Asian includes students having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent. Black or African American includes students having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander includes students having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. White includes students having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.

The new standard results in several important changes: (a) the combined racial category Asian/ Pacific Islander is now separated into two categories; (b) students once identified exclusively as "Hispanic/Latino" must now report their race; (c) students may report more than one race; and (d) the definition for one of the racial categories—American Indian or Alaska Native—differs from that used in years past. Prior to 2009-10, American Indian or Alaska Native included students having origins in any of the original peoples of North America only.


Throughout the rest of this report, students classified in PEIMS as Hispanic/Latino are referred to as Hispanic; students classified as American Indian or Alaska Native are referred to as American Indian; stu-dents classified as Black or African American are referred to as African American; students classified as Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander are referred to as Pacific Islander; and students classified as hav-ing two or more races are referred to as multiracial.

For purposes of reporting Texas public school enrollment data, TEA combines the answers to the two-part question to create seven mutually exclusive racial/ethnic categories. A student identified as Hispanic is included only in the count for Hispanics. A student not identified as Hispanic is included in the count for only one of the following six racial categories: African American, American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, White, or multiracial. A student identified as having two or more races is included only in the count for multiracial students, not in the count for any single racial category.

In this report, national and Texas public school enrollment data for 2009-10 and later years are based on the new racial/ethnic categories. National and Texas public school enrollment data for 2008-09 and earlier years are based on the old racial/ethnic categories. When reporting data by race/ethnicity for school years prior to 2009-10, TEA used the term Native American in place of the term American Indian. In this report, the term American Indian is used to present both current and historical data.

Because rates for smaller groups can be less stable over time, comparisons of rates across racial/ ethnic groups can be misleading when one group is small compared to other groups. The non-Hispanic American Indian and Pacific Islander student populations are small in number, compared to other racial/ ethnic populations. Similarly, within the overall Hispanic student population, the Asian and Pacific Is-lander populations are small in number, compared to other racial populations. Therefore, discussions of results in this report, including comparisons across racial/ethnic groups, do not include these populations.

Reporting of Enrollment in Instructional Programs Calculations used in preparing this report account for students enrolled in early education through

Grade 12, with one exception: participation in instructional programs. Data for special education, gifted and talented, and Title I exclude students in early education. Data for career and technical educa-tion (CTE) include students in Grades 9-12 programs only. Students taking CTE courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded.

Reporting of Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools Throughout this report, enrollment data for Texas public schools overall include students attending

open-enrollment charter schools. Enrollment data for Texas open-enrollment charter schools only are pre-sented in the section of the report titled Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools.


Table 1 Enrollment Summary, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 Enrollment Enrollment Group 2016-17 2017-18 Group 2016-17 2017-18 All students 5,359,127 5,399,682 Instructional program or special populationa At-risk 2,689,018 2,739,303 Race/Ethnicity Bilingual or English as a second language 1,005,765 1,015,972 African American 674,718 680,777 Career and technicalb 705,628 778,385 American Indian 20,767 20,586 English language learner 1,010,756 1,015,372 Asian 225,294 235,491 Foster care 14,685 16,233 Hispanic 2,809,386 2,827,847 Gifted and talented 415,699 427,021 Pacific Islander 7,700 8,026 Homeless 69,213 111,931 White 1,505,355 1,504,515 Immigrant 106,714 108,055 Multiracial 115,907 122,440 Migrant 22,407 20,577 Military-connected 89,060 87,776 Economic status Special education 477,281 498,320 Economically disadvantaged 3,159,327 3,168,294 Title I 3,483,124 3,507,107 Gender Education service center Female 2,610,531 2,630,684 Region 1 – Edinburg 431,028 433,171 Male 2,748,596 2,768,998 Region 2 – Corpus Christi 101,291 103,940 Region 3 – Victoria 54,111 53,676 Grade Region 4 – Houston 1,207,773 1,212,397 Early education 23,248 23,998 Region 5 – Beaumont 82,466 83,754 Prekindergarten 224,810 232,177 Region 6 – Huntsville 193,699 198,781 Kindergarten 372,011 371,618 Region 7 – Kilgore 169,882 169,729 Grade 1 395,805 388,637 Region 8 – Mt. Pleasant 61,585 56,159 Grade 2 408,817 394,362 Region 9 – Wichita Falls 37,791 37,569 Grade 3 412,759 409,974 Region 10 – Richardson 844,896 867,294 Grade 4 411,095 413,819 Region 11 – Fort Worth 587,488 591,086 Grade 5 400,165 414,386 Region 12 – Waco 173,029 174,566 Grade 6 398,155 402,596 Region 13 – Austin 387,891 393,317 Grade 7 396,117 402,472 Region 14 – Abilene 60,206 58,843 Grade 8 392,366 398,598 Region 15 – San Angelo 50,296 50,407 Grade 9 431,745 432,951 Region 16 – Amarillo 86,393 85,462 Grade 10 395,334 397,209 Region 17 – Lubbock 84,706 84,362 Grade 11 363,933 371,871 Region 18 – Midland 88,400 91,057 Grade 12 332,767 345,014 Region 19 – El Paso 179,010 178,185 Region 20 – San Antonio 477,186 475,927 Charter school attendance Open-enrollment charter school students 272,835 296,323

aStudents may be counted in more than one category. bData reflect the numbers of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participating in career and technical education programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded.


Statewide Enrollment

Public school enrollment has increased in recent years, particularly in the southern and western United States, and more growth is expected in the future. In 2013, nationwide public school enrollment reached 50 million for the first time (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2018a). For the 12-year period from 2014 to 2026, NCES projects an increase of 2.8 percent nationwide in public elemen-tary and secondary school enrollment. The method used by NCES to project school enrollments "... as-sumes that future trends in factors affecting enrollments will be consistent with past patterns. It implicitly includes the net effect of factors such as dropouts, deaths, nonpromotion, transfers to and from public schools, and state level migration" (NCES, 2017; p. 3). Nationwide, Texas experienced the second-largest increase (after Utah) in public school enrollment between 2004 to 2014, at 18.8 percent, and is expected to experience the fifth-largest increase (after the District of Columbia, North Dakota, Utah, and Nevada) from 2014 to 2026, at 13.7 percent (NCES, 2018a).

Between 1987-88 and 2017-18, year-to-year change in statewide enrollment ranged from a low of 0.8 percent to a high of 3.7 percent (Table 2 on page 6). The most common year-to-year change was 1.7 percent. In 2017-18, statewide enrollment increased from the previous year by 0.8 percent. Total en-rollment in Texas public schools surpassed 5 million for the first time in 2012-13 and surpassed 5.3 mil-lion in 2016-17.

Between 1987-88 and 2017-18, the racial/ethnic composition of the student population served by Texas public schools changed. In the 2001-02 school year, the number of Hispanic students surpassed the number of White students for the first time (Texas Education Agency [TEA], 2003). Between 2001-02 and 2017-18, the number of Hispanic students continued to rise, and the number of White students de-clined (Figure 1 on page 7 and Table 4 on page 8) (see also TEA, 2005). In addition, the percentages of total enrollment represented by Asian and multiracial students steadily increased by 0.1 to 0.2 percentage points each year between the 2009-10 and 2017-18 school years (Table 4 on page 8).

Each year between 2007-08 and 2017-18, the majority of students met the state criteria for economic disadvantage (Figure 2 and Table 7 on page 10). In the 2017-18 school year, 58.7 percent of students were identified as economically disadvantaged. Under TEA guidelines, students were identified as eco-nomically disadvantaged if they were eligible for free or reduced-price meals under the National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Program (TEA, 2017).


• In the 2007-08 school year, 4,671,493 students were enrolled in Texas public schools (Table 2). By 2017-18, enrollment had risen to 5,399,682 students. Over the 10-year period, total enrollment in-creased by 728,189 students, or by 15.6 percent (Table 3).

• In the 1987-88 school year, 3,224,916 students were enrolled in Texas public schools (Table 2). Over the 30-year period between 1987-88 and 2017-18, total enrollment increased by 2,174,766 students, or 67.4 percent (Table 3).

Table 2 Statewide Enrollment, Texas Public Schools, 1987-88 Through 2017-18 Year Number Annual change (%) 1987-88 3,224,916 – 1988-89 3,271,509 1.4 1989-90 3,316,785 1.4 1990-91 3,378,318 1.9 1991-92 3,460,378 2.4 1992-93 3,541,771 2.4 1993-94 3,672,198 3.7 1994-95 3,730,544 1.6 1995-96 3,799,032 1.8 1996-97 3,837,096 1.0 1997-98 3,900,488 1.7 1998-99 3,954,434 1.4 1999-00 4,002,227 1.2 2000-01 4,071,433 1.7 2001-02 4,160,968 2.2 2002-03 4,255,821 2.3 2003-04 4,328,028 1.7 2004-05 4,400,644 1.7 2005-06 4,521,043 2.7 2006-07 4,594,942 1.6 2007-08 4,671,493 1.7 2008-09 4,749,571 1.7 2009-10 4,847,844 2.1 2010-11 4,933,617 1.8 2011-12 4,998,579 1.3 2012-13 5,075,840 1.5 2013-14 5,151,925 1.5 2014-15 5,232,065 1.6 2015-16 5,299,728 1.3 2016-17 5,359,127 1.1 2017-18 5,399,682 0.8

Table 3 Change in Statewide Enrollment, Texas Public Schools Period Number Percent 10-year change, 2007-08 to 2017-18 728,189 15.6 30-year change, 1987-88 to 2017-18 2,174,766 67.4


Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity • Because rates for smaller groups can be less stable over time, discussions of results in this section are

restricted to the five largest racial/ethnic groups: African American, Asian, Hispanic, White, and mul-tiracial. See the section "Reporting of Race/Ethnicity" on page 2 for additional information.

• African American, Asian, Hispanic, and multiracial enrollment increased between the 2016-17 and 2017-18 school years, whereas White enrollment decreased slightly (Figure 1 on this page and Table 4 on page 8).

• The percentages of Texas public school enrollment accounted for by Asian and multiracial students increased between 2016-17 and 2017-18 (Table 4 on page 8). During the same period, the percentage of enrollment accounted for by White students decreased, and the percentage accounted for by Afri-can American and Hispanic students remained the same.

• In 2017-18, Hispanic students accounted for the largest percentage of total enrollment (52.4%), fol-lowed by White (27.9%), African American (12.6%), Asian (4.4%), and multiracial (2.3%) students.

• Between 2007-08 and 2017-18, Hispanic enrollment increased by 624,507 students (28.3%). White students, whose enrollment fell by 122,123 students, or 7.5 percent, over the same period, had the only decrease in enrollment.

Figure 1 Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18

Note. Data for Asian enrollment prior to the 2009-10 school year are not available.

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Table 4 Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 African American American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 666,009 14.3 16,285 0.3 n/aa n/a 2,203,340 47.2 n/a n/a 2008-09 671,871 14.1 16,713 0.4 n/a n/a 2,275,098 47.9 n/a n/a 2009-10 632,401 13.0 26,467 0.5 162,032 3.3 2,398,684 49.5 6,201 0.1 2010-11 637,722 12.9 23,602 0.5 169,338 3.4 2,480,000 50.3 6,127 0.1 2011-12 640,171 12.8 22,383 0.4 177,185 3.5 2,541,223 50.8 6,257 0.1 2012-13 646,182 12.7 21,795 0.4 183,789 3.6 2,606,126 51.3 6,644 0.1 2013-14 652,719 12.7 20,225 0.4 189,906 3.7 2,668,315 51.8 6,801 0.1 2014-15 660,952 12.6 21,480 0.4 202,229 3.9 2,722,272 52.0 7,112 0.1 2015-16 668,338 12.6 20,917 0.4 213,394 4.0 2,767,747 52.2 7,406 0.1 2016-17 674,718 12.6 20,767 0.4 225,294 4.2 2,809,386 52.4 7,700 0.1 2017-18 680,777 12.6 20,586 0.4 235,491 4.4 2,827,847 52.4 8,026 0.1 10-year change 14,768 2.2 4,301 26.4 n/a n/a 624,507 28.3 n/a n/a

White Multiracial Year Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 1,626,638 34.8 n/a n/a 2008-09 1,616,115 34.0 n/a n/a 2009-10 1,547,693 31.9 74,366 1.5 2010-11 1,538,409 31.2 78,419 1.6 2011-12 1,527,203 30.6 84,157 1.7 2012-13 1,521,551 30.0 89,753 1.8 2013-14 1,517,293 29.5 96,666 1.9 2014-15 1,515,553 29.0 102,467 2.0 2015-16 1,513,027 28.5 108,899 2.1 2016-17 1,505,355 28.1 115,907 2.2 2017-18 1,504,515 27.9 122,440 2.3 10-year change -122,123 -7.5 n/a n/a

Note. Parts may not add to 100 percent because of rounding. aNot available.


Table 5 Hispanic Students by Race, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 2016-17 2017-18 Group Number Percent Number Percent African American 58,448 2.1 62,729 2.2 American Indian 509,759 18.1 475,735 16.8 Asian 11,560 0.4 12,123 0.4 Pacific Islander 8,499 0.3 8,774 0.3 White 2,154,373 76.7 2,201,150 77.8 Multiracial 66,747 2.4 67,336 2.4 All Hispanic 2,809,386 100 2,827,847 100

Note. Parts may not add to 100 percent because of rounding.

Table 6 Non-Hispanic Multiracial Students by Most Common Racial Combinations, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 2016-17 2017-18 Group Number Percent Number Percent White and African American 56,276 48.6 59,356 48.5 White and Asian 26,643 23.0 28,315 23.1 White and American Indian 12,964 11.2 13,264 10.8 All multiracial 115,907 100 122,440 100

Note. Numbers for race do not sum to the "All multiracial" total because all possible racial combinations are not presented.


Enrollment by Economically Disadvantaged Status • The percentage of students identified as economically disadvantaged in 2017-18 (58.7%) was higher

than the percentage identified in 2007-08 (55.2%) (Figure 2 and Table 7).

• Between 2007-08 and 2017-18, the percentage increase in the number of students identified as eco-nomically disadvantaged was greater than the percentage increase in the student population overall.The number of students identified as economically disadvantaged rose by 591,673, or 23.0 percent,whereas the total public school population rose by 728,189, or 15.6 percent (Table 7 on this page andTable 3 on page 6).

Figure 2 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18

Table 7 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 Year Number Percent Year Number Percent 2007-08 2,576,621 55.2 2014-15 3,073,300 58.7 2008-09 2,686,259 56.6 2015-16 3,122,903 58.9 2009-10 2,853,177 58.9 2016-17 3,159,327 59.0 2010-11 2,914,916 59.1 2017-18 3,168,294 58.7 2011-12 3,013,442 60.3 2012-13 3,058,894 60.3 10-year change 591,673 23.0 2013-14 3,096,050 60.1

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Enrollment by Economically Disadvantaged Status and Race/Ethnicity • Because rates for smaller groups can be less stable over time, discussions of results in this section are


• In 2017-18, the percentages of students identified as economically disadvantaged decreased from the previous year among Asian and Hispanic students, and increased among African American, White, and multiracial students (Figure 3 on this page and Table 8 on page 12).

• The percentages of individual group enrollment accounted for by students identified as economically disadvantaged were larger for Hispanic (74.6%) and African American (71.7%) students than for multiracial (43.3%), White (29.1%), and Asian (26.9%) students in 2017-18 (Table 8 on page 12).

• In 2017-18, Hispanic students accounted for the largest percentage of all students in Texas public schools and of all students identified as economically disadvantaged (Table 8 on page 12 and Table 4 on page 8). Between 2007-08 and 2017-18, the percentage increase in enrollment of Hispanic stu-dents identified as economically disadvantaged (24.9%) was lower than the percentage increase in enrollment of Hispanic students overall (28.3%).

Figure 3 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Racial/Ethnic Groups, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18


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Table 8 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Racial/Ethnic Groups, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 African American American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 447,199 67.1 7,028 43.2 n/aa n/a 1,689,779 76.7 n/a n/a 2008-09 460,703 68.6 7,297 43.7 n/a n/a 1,765,647 77.6 n/a n/a 2009-10 447,368 70.7 14,866 56.2 51,123 31.6 1,876,684 78.2 3,315 53.5 2010-11 456,452 71.6 12,999 55.1 53,233 31.4 1,920,422 77.4 3,304 53.9 2011-12 465,820 72.8 12,658 56.6 56,945 32.1 1,996,760 78.6 3,488 55.7 2012-13 473,675 73.3 12,376 56.8 58,268 31.7 2,034,063 78.0 3,753 56.5 2013-14 477,414 73.1 11,459 56.7 57,678 30.4 2,073,605 77.7 3,828 56.3 2014-15 472,327 71.5 12,145 56.5 59,135 29.2 2,062,173 75.8 4,013 56.4 2015-16 477,285 71.4 12,049 57.6 60,833 28.5 2,099,075 75.8 4,207 56.8 2016-17 481,352 71.3 11,962 57.6 62,632 27.8 2,124,915 75.6 4,371 56.8 2017-18 488,173 71.7 11,713 56.9 63,261 26.9 2,110,156 74.6 4,587 57.2 10-year change 40,974 9.2 4,685 66.7 n/a n/a 420,377 24.9 n/a n/a

White Multiracial Year Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 386,396 23.8 n/a n/a 2008-09 402,057 24.9 n/a n/a 2009-10 429,010 27.7 30,811 41.4 2010-11 435,238 28.3 33,268 42.4 2011-12 441,002 28.9 36,769 43.7 2012-13 437,598 28.8 39,161 43.6 2013-14 429,647 28.3 42,419 43.9 2014-15 419,497 27.7 44,010 43.0 2015-16 422,620 27.9 46,834 43.0 2016-17 424,417 28.2 49,678 42.9 2017-18 437,376 29.1 53,028 43.3 10-year change 50,980 13.2 n/a n/a

aNot available.


Enrollment by Gender • In the 2017-18 school year, 51.3 percent of all students were male, and 48.7 percent of students were

female (Table 9). Although male and female enrollment increased over the 10-year period (by 15.5% and 15.6%, respectively), the proportions of males and females in Texas public schools remained sta-ble between 2007-08 and 2017-18.

Table 9 Enrollment by Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 Female Male Year Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 2,274,819 48.7 2,396,674 51.3 2008-09 2,311,378 48.7 2,438,193 51.3 2009-10 2,358,516 48.7 2,489,328 51.3 2010-11 2,400,043 48.6 2,533,574 51.4 2011-12 2,432,216 48.7 2,566,363 51.3 2012-13 2,469,727 48.7 2,606,113 51.3 2013-14 2,507,338 48.7 2,644,587 51.3 2014-15 2,547,902 48.7 2,684,163 51.3 2015-16 2,580,992 48.7 2,718,736 51.3 2016-17 2,610,531 48.7 2,748,596 51.3 2017-18 2,630,684 48.7 2,768,998 51.3 10-year change 355,865 15.6 372,324 15.5


Enrollment by Grade

In Texas, children are required to attend school beginning at age six (Texas Education Code [TEC] §25.085, 2018). A child younger than six years of age must attend school if he or she has previously been enrolled in first grade. All children who are five years old on or before September 1 are eligible, but not required, to attend kindergarten (TEC §29.151, 2018). With few exceptions, children must attend school until they reach the age of 19 (TEC §25.085, 2018). Students through age 25 may be admitted by school districts to complete the requirements for a high school diploma (TEC §25.001, 2018). In 2014, the com-missioner of education authorized a charter school to administer a pilot program that allows students between the ages of 19 and 50 to complete: (a) a high school program that can lead to a diploma and (b) career and technology education courses that can lead to industry certification (TEC §29.259, 2018).

Student learning during the early education and prekindergarten years is linked to future academic accomplishments particularly for children identified as English language learners, disabled, or economi-cally disadvantaged (National Research Council, 2001). In early education and prekindergarten programs, children develop skills necessary for success in the regular public school curriculum in the areas of lan-guage, mathematics, and social skills. Early education in Texas is a diverse set of programs designed for children who meet certain eligibility criteria. For example, Early Childhood Intervention is a coordinated system of services for children, from birth to age three, with disabilities or developmental delays (Texas Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services, n.d.). A child is eligible for free half-day prekinder-garten if the child is at least three years of age and is unable to speak and comprehend English, is educa-tionally disadvantaged, is homeless, or has ever been in the conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services (TEC §29.153, 2018). A child of an active duty member of the U.S. armed forces or a child of a member of the U.S. armed forces who was injured or killed while serving on active duty is also eligible for free prekindergarten.

A variety of factors affect enrollment trends at all grade levels, including grade-level retention, migra-tion into the state, and decisions about private and home schooling. Funding for early childhood and kin-dergarten programs affects enrollment trends in the elementary grades, whereas student decisions to graduate early, transfer into high school equivalency programs, or drop out of school affect enrollment trends in the secondary grades.


• In 2017-18, Grade 9 had the highest enrollment, at 432,951 students, followed by Grade 5, at 414,386 students (Figure 4 and Table 10).

• Across Grades K-12, Grade 12 had the greatest increase in enrollment between 2016-17 and 2017-18, at 3.7 percent, followed by Grade 5, at 3.6 percent.

• Across Grades K-12 in 2017-18, the percentages of total enrollment accounted for by grade ranged from a low of 6.4 percent in Grade 12 to a high of 8.0 percent in Grade 9.

• Between 2016-17 and 2017-18, four grades—kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3—had de-creases in enrollment. Grade 2 had the largest decrease (3.5%), followed by Grade 1 (1.8%).

Figure 4 Enrollment by Grade, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18

Note. EE=Early education. PK=Prekindergarten.

Table 10 Enrollment by Grade, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 2016-17 2017-18 2016-17 2017-18 Grade Number Percent Number Percent Grade Number Percent Number Percent Early education 23,248 0.4 23,998 0.4 6 398,155 7.4 402,596 7.5 Prekindergarten 224,810 4.2 232,177 4.3 7 396,117 7.4 402,472 7.5 Kindergarten 372,011 6.9 371,618 6.9 8 392,366 7.3 398,598 7.4 1 395,805 7.4 388,637 7.2 9 431,745 8.1 432,951 8.0 2 408,817 7.6 394,362 7.3 10 395,334 7.4 397,209 7.4 3 412,759 7.7 409,974 7.6 11 363,933 6.8 371,871 6.9 4 411,095 7.7 413,819 7.7 12 332,767 6.2 345,014 6.4 5 400,165 7.5 414,386 7.7 All grades 5,359,127 100 5,399,682 100


050,000

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EE PK K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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Enrollment by Grade and Age • In 2017-18, the majority of students in Grades 9-12 were within the expected age ranges for their

grades (Figure 5 and Table 11).

• A total of 658 students in Grades 9-12 were between 22 and 25 years old. Of these, 59.9 percent were in Grade 12.

Figure 5 Enrollment of Students in Grades 9-12 by Age, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

Table 11 Enrollment of Students in Grades 9-12 by Age, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18 Age in Years Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 12 to 13 6,845 72 7 0 14 317,587a 6,973 77 16 15 84,372 295,130 6,945 182 16 17,810 75,389 282,345 7,810 17 4,827 15,574 69,701 267,767 18 970 3,170 10,480 56,623 19 to 21 311 820 2,188 12,120 22 to 25 101 51 112 394

Note. Some students enrolled in Grades 9-12 were outside the age ranges shown. As a result, grade-level enroll-ment totals are slightly lower than those in Table 10 on page 15. aEnrollment counts for students within the expected age range for each grade are shown in bold.

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Enrollment by Grade and Race/Ethnicity • Because rates for smaller groups can be less stable over time, discussions of results in this section are


• In each of Grades K-12, Hispanic students accounted for the largest proportion of enrollment, fol-lowed by White, African American, Asian, and multiracial students (Figure 6 on this page and Table 12 on page 18).

• As outlined on page 14, prekindergarten classes are designed to serve children three years of age and older who have specified educational disadvantages, including limited English proficiency. Hispanic students, who made up 52.4 percent of total enrollment in the 2017-18 school year, made up 64.3 per-cent of prekindergarten students (Table 4 on page 8, Figure 6 on this page, and Table 12 on page 18). In contrast, White students, who made up 27.9 percent of total enrollment, made up 14.8 percent of prekindergarten students.

Figure 6 Enrollment by Grade and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18


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Table 12 Enrollment by Grade and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 African American American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

Grade Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2016-17

Early education 2,544 10.9 110 0.5 1,181 5.1 10,560 45.4 26 0.1 Prekindergarten 33,429 14.9 832 0.4 8,054 3.6 144,570 64.3 310 0.1 Kindergarten 44,993 12.1 1,350 0.4 16,281 4.4 192,572 51.8 560 0.2 1 48,959 12.4 2,104 0.5 16,919 4.3 206,223 52.1 605 0.2 2 50,856 12.4 1,801 0.4 17,036 4.2 216,190 52.9 586 0.1 3 51,123 12.4 1,594 0.4 17,696 4.3 218,233 52.9 565 0.1 4 51,537 12.5 1,504 0.4 16,999 4.1 216,785 52.7 598 0.1 5 50,369 12.6 1,491 0.4 16,775 4.2 210,288 52.6 572 0.1 6 49,651 12.5 1,439 0.4 16,865 4.2 208,603 52.4 535 0.1 7 49,384 12.5 1,355 0.3 16,912 4.3 206,617 52.2 527 0.1 8 48,787 12.4 1,453 0.4 16,765 4.3 203,332 51.8 550 0.1 9 56,025 13.0 1,625 0.4 16,994 3.9 227,208 52.6 604 0.1 10 49,657 12.6 1,515 0.4 16,710 4.2 203,515 51.5 580 0.1 11 45,993 12.6 1,342 0.4 15,817 4.3 181,279 49.8 534 0.1 12 41,411 12.4 1,252 0.4 14,290 4.3 163,411 49.1 548 0.2 All grades 674,718 12.6 20,767 0.4 225,294 4.2 2,809,386 52.4 7,700 0.1

2017-18 Early education 2,665 11.1 96 0.4 1,212 5.1 10,936 45.6 31 0.1 Prekindergarten 34,424 14.8 707 0.3 8,411 3.6 149,311 64.3 291 0.1 Kindergarten 44,565 12.0 1,374 0.4 17,262 4.6 189,909 51.1 650 0.2 1 48,178 12.4 1,381 0.4 17,517 4.5 201,536 51.9 610 0.2 2 49,195 12.5 2,076 0.5 17,718 4.5 204,247 51.8 626 0.2 3 51,536 12.6 1,782 0.4 17,736 4.3 215,655 52.6 575 0.1 4 51,654 12.5 1,550 0.4 18,286 4.4 217,723 52.6 583 0.1 5 52,294 12.6 1,536 0.4 17,568 4.2 217,963 52.6 604 0.1 6 50,861 12.6 1,480 0.4 17,233 4.3 210,399 52.3 608 0.2 7 50,438 12.5 1,443 0.4 17,380 4.3 210,547 52.3 564 0.1 8 49,769 12.5 1,355 0.3 17,449 4.4 207,525 52.1 530 0.1 9 55,975 12.9 1,646 0.4 17,923 4.1 227,319 52.5 656 0.2 10 50,148 12.6 1,460 0.4 17,163 4.3 204,935 51.6 608 0.2 11 46,329 12.5 1,444 0.4 16,791 4.5 188,795 50.8 571 0.2 12 42,746 12.4 1,256 0.4 15,842 4.6 171,047 49.6 519 0.2 All grades 680,777 12.6 20,586 0.4 235,491 4.4 2,827,847 52.4 8,026 0.1


continues


Table 12 (continued) Enrollment by Grade and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18

White Multiracial Grade Number Percent Number Percent

2016-17 Early education 8,170 35.1 657 2.8 Prekindergarten 33,306 14.8 4,309 1.9 Kindergarten 106,365 28.6 9,890 2.7 1 111,005 28.0 9,990 2.5 2 112,428 27.5 9,920 2.4 3 113,710 27.5 9,838 2.4 4 114,230 27.8 9,442 2.3 5 111,769 27.9 8,901 2.2 6 112,612 28.3 8,450 2.1 7 112,988 28.5 8,334 2.1 8 113,673 29.0 7,806 2.0 9 121,294 28.1 7,995 1.9 10 115,985 29.3 7,372 1.9 11 112,222 30.8 6,746 1.9 12 105,598 31.7 6,257 1.9 All grades 1,505,355 28.1 115,907 2.2

2017-18 Early education 8,377 34.9 681 2.8 Prekindergarten 34,424 14.8 4,609 2.0 Kindergarten 107,695 29.0 10,163 2.7 1 108,995 28.0 10,420 2.7 2 110,331 28.0 10,169 2.6 3 112,510 27.4 10,180 2.5 4 113,924 27.5 10,099 2.4 5 114,736 27.7 9,685 2.3 6 112,907 28.0 9,108 2.3 7 113,405 28.2 8,695 2.2 8 113,430 28.5 8,540 2.1 9 120,753 27.9 8,679 2.0 10 115,234 29.0 7,661 1.9 11 110,795 29.8 7,146 1.9 12 106,999 31.0 6,605 1.9 All grades 1,504,515 27.9 122,440 2.3



Enrollment by Grade and Economically Disadvantaged Status • In the 2017-18 school year, the percentages of students identified as economically disadvantaged in

Grades K-12 ranged from 47.6 percent of students in Grade 12 to 61.5 percent of students in Grade 3 (Figure 7 and Table 13).

Figure 7 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Grades, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18


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Table 13 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Grades, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 2016-17 2017-18 Grade Number Percent Number Percent Early education 8,748 37.6 9,117 38.0 Prekindergarten 191,605 85.2 198,817 85.6 Kindergarten 224,818 60.4 222,917 60.0 1 243,479 61.5 236,811 60.9 2 253,839 62.1 240,776 61.1 3 255,273 61.8 252,253 61.5 4 252,135 61.3 253,018 61.1 5 242,857 60.7 250,783 60.5 6 236,658 59.4 238,332 59.2 7 230,792 58.3 233,652 58.1 8 223,246 56.9 226,019 56.7 9 245,342 56.8 243,347 56.2 10 210,930 53.4 211,219 53.2 11 181,674 49.9 186,854 50.2 12 157,931 47.5 164,379 47.6 All grades 3,159,327 59.0 3,168,294 58.7


Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations

Texas public schools offer instructional programs designed to meet students' needs. Not all students are enrolled in one of these programs, and some students are enrolled in more than one. Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS) data on program participation and student characteristics were submitted by districts through the Texas Student Data System (Texas Education Agency [TEA], 2017). Gifted and talented programs offer eligible students a continuum of learning experiences that leads to advanced accomplishments. Special education offers instructional and related services for eligible stu-dents with cognitive, physical, and/or emotional disabilities. Students identified as English language learners (ELLs), who do not speak English as their primary language and have a limited ability to read, speak, write, or understand English, may participate in bilingual or English as a second language (ESL) programs.

Students in Grades 6-12 can participate in career and technical education (CTE) courses. In addition, students in Grades 9-12 can participate in CTE programs or courses of study that include coherent se-quences of CTE courses. These courses offer training and instruction designed to help students gain employment in high-skill, high-wage jobs and advance to postsecondary education. In 2013, the Texas Legislature established the Foundation High School Program (FHSP) as the new high school graduation program for all students who entered Grade 9 in the 2014-15 school year or later (Texas Education Code [TEC] §28.025, 2013). The FHSP allows students to earn special recognition, known as an endorse-ment, in one or more fields of study, such as business and industry or arts and humanities (Title 19 of the Texas Administrative Code §74.13, 2018, amended to be effective August 28, 2017; TEC §28.025, 2018). Of the five endorsements available, three have requirements that include taking a coherent sequence of CTE courses.

Title I is the largest federal aid program for elementary and secondary schools. The goal of Title I is to improve teaching and learning for students attending schools with high percentages of economically disadvantaged students, particularly those students most at risk of not meeting the state's academic achievement standards. Students counted as participating in Title I programs may be participating in Title I-funded programs, or they may be enrolled in campuses that receive school-wide Title I assistance.

Students identified as at risk of dropping out of school are under age 26 and meet one or more speci-fied criteria, including not advancing from one grade level to the next for one or more school years, being pregnant or a parent, or being a student of limited English proficiency. Students identified as in foster care are currently under the conservatorship of the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. Students identified as homeless are those who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. Students identified as immigrants are between 3 and 21 years old, have not been attending school in the United States for more than three full academic years, and were not born in any state in the United States, Puerto Rico, or the District of Columbia. U.S. citizenship is not a factor when identifying students as im-migrants for the purpose of public school enrollment data collection. A student identified as a migrant is one who: (a) is aged 3 through 21; (b) is (or whose parent, spouse, or guardian is) a migratory agricultural worker; and (c) in the preceding 36 months, to obtain temporary employment in agriculture or fishing, or to accompany a parent, spouse, or guardian to obtain such employment: (1) has moved from one school district to another; or (2) resides in a school district of more than 15,000 square miles and migrates a dis-tance of 20 miles or more to a temporary residence to engage in a fishing activity. A student identified as military-connected is enrolled in a school district or open-enrollment charter school and is a dependent of a member of the U.S. military service in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard on active duty; the Texas National Guard; or a reserve force in the U.S. military.


Students identified as twice-exceptional students, or students with multiple exceptionalities, are those who are identified as gifted and talented as defined under TEC §29.121 and who are also identified as having a disability based on federal or state eligibility criteria (TEA, n.d.). In this report, twice-exceptional data are presented for students who meet this definition as well as for gifted and talented students who are also counted in other student groups.


• In 2017-18, 50.7 percent of students were identified as at risk of dropping out of school (Table 14).

• The number of students in Grades 9-12 participating in CTE programs increased by 86.6 percent be-tween 2007-08 and 2017-18. Between 2014-15, when the FHSP was implemented, and 2017-18, the percentage of students participating in CTE increased from 37.0 percent to 50.3 percent.

• The number of students identified as ELLs increased by 239,940, or 30.9 percent, between 2007-08 and 2017-18. In the 2017-18 school year, 18.8 percent of students were identified as ELLs, compared to 16.6 percent in 2007-08.


• The percentage of students served in special education programs increased from 8.9 percent in 2016-17 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18 (Figure 8 and Table 14).

• Twice-exceptional students make up a small proportion of the Texas public school population. In the 2017-18 school year, 5,557 students, or 0.1 percent of the total student population, were identified as participating in both gifted and talented and special education programs (Table 15 on page 27).

Figure 8 Enrollment in Instructional Programs, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18

Note. Students may be counted in more than one category. Career and technical data reflect the percentages of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participat-ing in career and technical education programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded. ESL=English as a second language

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Enro

llmen

t (%)

School Year

Bilingual/ESL Career and technical Gifted and talented Special education Title I


Table 14 Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18

At-risk

Bilingual/ESLa Career

and technicalb

ELLc

Foster care Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 2,256,606 48.3 721,750 15.5 417,225 32.2 775,432 16.6 n/ad n/a 2008-09 2,292,574 48.3 757,824 16.0 429,709 33.0 800,554 16.9 n/a n/a 2009-10 2,283,490 47.1 779,771 16.1 444,402 33.5 817,074 16.9 n/a n/a 2010-11 2,281,864 46.3 797,683 16.2 469,086 34.8 831,812 16.9 n/a n/a 2011-12 2,267,995 45.4 809,854 16.2 483,122 35.5 838,418 16.8 n/a n/a 2012-13 2,264,815 44.6 840,724 16.6 488,253 35.2 864,682 17.0 n/a n/a 2013-14 2,566,623 49.8 879,226 17.1 498,132 35.3 900,476 17.5 11,494 0.2 2014-15 2,673,039 51.1 931,376 17.8 536,551 37.0 949,074 18.1 13,695 0.3 2015-16 2,649,069 50.0 969,135 18.3 629,689 42.2 980,487 18.5 14,319 0.3 2016-17 2,689,018 50.2 1,005,765 18.8 705,628 46.3 1,010,756 18.9 14,685 0.3 2017-18 2,739,303 50.7 1,015,972 18.8 778,385 50.3 1,015,372 18.8 16,233 0.3 10-year change 482,697 21.4 294,222 40.8 361,160 86.6 239,940 30.9 n/a n/a

Gifted and talented

Homeless

Immigrant

Migrant

Military- connected

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 348,854 7.5 n/a n/a 94,263 2.0 37,548 0.8 n/a n/a 2008-09 355,847 7.5 n/a n/a 86,864 1.8 37,251 0.8 n/a n/a 2009-10 367,924 7.6 n/a n/a 80,432 1.7 37,871 0.8 n/a n/a 2010-11 379,831 7.7 n/a n/a 79,536 1.6 37,746 0.8 n/a n/a 2011-12 381,744 7.6 n/a n/a 71,754 1.4 35,866 0.7 n/a n/a 2012-13 387,623 7.6 58,074 1.1 70,320 1.4 35,106 0.7 n/a n/a 2013-14 391,982 7.6 62,814 1.2 72,085 1.4 33,313 0.6 72,607 1.4 2014-15 397,209 7.6 66,318 1.3 85,108 1.6 31,250 0.6 83,284 1.6 2015-16 404,646 7.6 68,757 1.3 92,700 1.7 28,632 0.5 87,034 1.6 2016-17 415,699 7.8 69,213 1.3 106,714 2.0 22,407 0.4 89,060 1.7 2017-18 427,021 7.9 111,931 2.1 108,055 2.0 20,577 0.4 87,776 1.6 10-year change 78,167 22.4 n/a n/a 13,792 14.6 -16,971 -45.2 n/a n/a

Note. Students may be counted in more than one category. aEnglish as a second language. bData reflect the numbers and percentages of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participating in career and technical educa-tion programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded. cEnglish language learner. dNot available.

continues


Table 14 (continued) Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 Special

education

Title I

State

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 474,681 10.2 2,858,482 61.2 4,671,493 100 2008-09 454,517 9.6 2,908,465 61.2 4,749,571 100 2009-10 445,327 9.2 3,126,319 64.5 4,847,844 100 2010-11 442,971 9.0 3,268,054 66.2 4,933,617 100 2011-12 440,744 8.8 3,298,934 66.0 4,998,579 100 2012-13 440,570 8.7 3,311,160 65.2 5,075,840 100 2013-14 443,834 8.6 3,326,678 64.6 5,151,925 100 2014-15 451,606 8.6 3,402,309 65.0 5,232,065 100 2015-16 463,185 8.7 3,435,157 64.8 5,299,728 100 2016-17 477,281 8.9 3,483,124 65.0 5,359,127 100 2017-18 498,320 9.2 3,507,107 65.0 5,399,682 100 10-year change 23,639 5.0 648,625 22.7 728,189 15.6

Note. Students may be counted in more than one category. aEnglish as a second language. bData reflect the numbers and percentages of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participating in career and technical education programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded. cEnglish language learner. dNot available.


Table 15 Enrollment of Twice-Exceptional Students, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 Gifted and talented

At-risk

Bilingual/ESLa

Dyslexic Economically

disadvantaged Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 47,568 1.0 15,169 0.3 n/ab n/a 114,326 2.4 2008-09 50,921 1.1 18,439 0.4 n/a n/a 121,744 2.6 2009-10 52,092 1.1 21,865 0.5 n/a n/a 133,073 2.7 2010-11 53,647 1.1 25,062 0.5 n/a n/a 140,414 2.8 2011-12 51,766 1.0 27,034 0.5 n/a n/a 144,337 2.9 2012-13 54,499 1.1 28,441 0.6 n/a n/a 147,670 2.9 2013-14 61,517 1.2 29,902 0.6 1,851 <0.1 149,373 2.9 2014-15 67,248 1.3 32,582 0.6 2,182 <0.1 148,008 2.8 2015-16 63,817 1.2 34,138 0.6 2,539 <0.1 150,747 2.8 2016-17 67,555 1.3 36,011 0.7 2,894 0.1 153,784 2.9 2017-18 75,516 1.4 37,226 0.7 3,286 0.1 159,728 3.0 10-year change 27,948 58.8 22,057 145.4 n/a n/a 45,402 39.7

Gifted and talented English

language learner

Homeless

Migrant Special

education Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 16,543 0.4 n/a n/a 1,285 <0.1 4,130 0.1 2008-09 19,062 0.4 n/a n/a 1,235 <0.1 3,971 0.1 2009-10 21,806 0.4 n/a n/a 1,248 <0.1 3,837 0.1 2010-11 24,769 0.5 n/a n/a 1,254 <0.1 3,930 0.1 2011-12 26,029 0.5 n/a n/a 1,295 <0.1 3,947 0.1 2012-13 26,694 0.5 1,319 <0.1 1,366 <0.1 3,966 0.1 2013-14 27,365 0.5 1,367 <0.1 1,234 <0.1 4,062 0.1 2014-15 29,603 0.6 1,336 <0.1 1,129 <0.1 4,201 0.1 2015-16 29,640 0.6 1,429 <0.1 1,059 <0.1 4,519 0.1 2016-17 30,661 0.6 1,669 <0.1 845 <0.1 4,910 0.1 2017-18 30,998 0.6 4,257 0.1 828 <0.1 5,557 0.1 10-year change 14,455 87.4 n/a n/a -457 -35.6 1,427 34.6

Note. Students may be counted in more than one category. aEnglish as a second language. bNot available.


Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Race/Ethnicity • Because rates for smaller groups can be less stable over time, discussions of results in this section are


• Analysis of program participation reveals that the racial/ethnic compositions of some instructional programs tend to differ from that of the student population as a whole (Figure 9 and Table 16).

• In 2017-18, Hispanic students accounted for 52.4 percent of the total student population but 65.0 per-cent of students identified as at-risk (Table 16).

• In 2017-18, Hispanic and White students accounted for a slightly larger proportion of enrollment in CTE programs than of overall student enrollment (52.9% vs. 52.4% and 29.8% vs. 27.9%), and Afri-can American, Asian, and multiracial students accounted for slightly smaller proportions (11.8% vs. 12.6%, 3.3% vs. 4.4%, and 1.7% vs. 2.3%, respectively).

• African American and Hispanic representation was smaller in gifted and talented programs (6.4% and 41.6%, respectively) and larger in Title I programs (13.5% and 62.6%, respectively) than in the over-all student population (12.6% and 52.4%, respectively) in 2017-18. Conversely, Asian, White, and multiracial representation was larger in gifted and talented programs (10.6%, 38.1%, and 2.8%, re-spectively) and smaller in Title I programs (2.2%, 19.4%, and 1.7%, respectively) than in the overall student population (4.4%, 27.9%, and 2.3%, respectively).

Figure 9 Enrollment for Instructional Programs by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

Note. Students may be counted in more than one category. Career and technical data reflect the percentages of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participat-ing in career and technical education programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded. ESL=English as a second language.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Bilingual/ESL Career and technical Gifted and talented Special education Title I State

Enro

llmen

t (%)

Instructional Program



Table 16 Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18

At-risk

Bilingual/ESLa

Career and technicalb

ELLc

Race/Ethnicity Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2016-17

African American 346,545 12.9 18,524 1.8 83,144 11.8 15,745 1.6 American Indian 11,161 0.4 4,947 0.5 2,558 0.4 5,025 0.5 Asian 80,360 3.0 56,553 5.6 21,648 3.1 58,246 5.8 Hispanic 1,762,934 65.6 888,307 88.3 370,115 52.5 901,315 89.2 Pacific Islander 3,406 0.1 1,033 0.1 911 0.1 1,054 0.1 White 446,516 16.6 33,728 3.4 215,518 30.5 27,280 2.7 Multiracial 38,096 1.4 2,673 0.3 11,734 1.7 2,091 0.2

2017-18 African American 350,396 12.8 21,148 2.1 91,829 11.8 17,788 1.8 American Indian 11,172 0.4 4,842 0.5 2,774 0.4 4,892 0.5 Asian 85,356 3.1 58,265 5.7 25,462 3.3 59,843 5.9 Hispanic 1,780,313 65.0 890,255 87.6 412,131 52.9 899,046 88.5 Pacific Islander 3,621 0.1 1,071 0.1 1,049 0.1 1,074 0.1 White 466,161 17.0 37,353 3.7 231,593 29.8 30,414 3.0 Multiracial 42,284 1.5 3,038 0.3 13,547 1.7 2,315 0.2

Foster care

Gifted and talented

Homeless

Immigrant


African American 3,177 21.6 26,622 6.4 16,353 23.6 8,119 7.6 American Indian 82 0.6 1,135 0.3 300 0.4 600 0.6 Asian 71 0.5 42,970 10.3 526 0.8 20,887 19.6 Hispanic 5,946 40.5 171,942 41.4 35,605 51.4 65,137 61.0 Pacific Islander 19 0.1 456 0.1 140 0.2 254 0.2 White 4,898 33.4 161,279 38.8 14,287 20.6 10,851 10.2 Multiracial 492 3.4 11,295 2.7 2,002 2.9 866 0.8

2017-18 African American 3,419 21.1 27,433 6.4 24,084 21.5 9,902 9.2 American Indian 79 0.5 1,187 0.3 512 0.5 561 0.5 Asian 106 0.7 45,440 10.6 2,233 2.0 21,635 20.0 Hispanic 6,774 41.7 177,779 41.6 53,295 47.6 63,440 58.7 Pacific Islander 19 0.1 470 0.1 164 0.1 278 0.3 White 5,328 32.8 162,710 38.1 28,652 25.6 11,365 10.5 Multiracial 508 3.1 12,002 2.8 2,991 2.7 874 0.8

Note. Parts may not add to 100 percent because of rounding. Students may be counted in more than one category. aEnglish as a second language. bData reflect the numbers and percentages of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participating in career and technical educa-tion programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded. cEnglish language learner.

continues


Table 16 (continued) Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18

Migrant

Military- connected

Special education

Title I


African American 35 0.2 15,327 17.2 74,085 15.5 470,660 13.5 American Indian 34 0.2 453 0.5 2,074 0.4 13,105 0.4 Asian 82 0.4 2,029 2.3 10,166 2.1 75,231 2.2 Hispanic 21,933 97.9 30,923 34.7 242,668 50.8 2,192,052 62.9 Pacific Islander 2 <0.1 860 1.0 559 0.1 4,322 0.1 White 301 1.3 33,615 37.7 137,374 28.8 670,297 19.2 Multiracial 20 0.1 5,853 6.6 10,355 2.2 57,457 1.6

2017-18 African American 40 0.2 14,821 16.9 76,314 15.3 475,049 13.5 American Indian 13 0.1 453 0.5 2,097 0.4 13,133 0.4 Asian 75 0.4 2,026 2.3 11,294 2.3 77,174 2.2 Hispanic 20,126 97.8 30,827 35.1 254,444 51.1 2,196,919 62.6 Pacific Islander 1 <0.1 926 1.1 601 0.1 4,506 0.1 White 306 1.5 32,706 37.3 142,269 28.5 679,035 19.4 Multiracial 16 0.1 6,017 6.9 11,301 2.3 61,291 1.7

State Race/Ethnicity Number Percent

2016-17 African American 674,718 12.6 American Indian 20,767 0.4 Asian 225,294 4.2 Hispanic 2,809,386 52.4 Pacific Islander 7,700 0.1 White 1,505,355 28.1 Multiracial 115,907 2.2

2017-18 African American 680,777 12.6 American Indian 20,586 0.4 Asian 235,491 4.4 Hispanic 2,827,847 52.4 Pacific Islander 8,026 0.1 White 1,504,515 27.9 Multiracial 122,440 2.3

Note. Parts may not add to 100 percent because of rounding. Students may be counted in more than one category. aEnglish as a second language. bData reflect the numbers and percentages of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participating in career and technical education programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded. cEnglish language learner.


Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Economically Disadvantaged Status • The percentage of students identified as economically disadvantaged in 2017-18 was higher than the

percentage identified in 2007-08 for every instructional program and special population for which data were available, except bilingual/ESL, students identified as ELLs, and students identified as im-migrants (Table 17 on page 32).

• In 2017-18, representation of students identified as economically disadvantaged was lowest among students identified as military-connected (36.0%) and highest among students identified as migrants (97.5%).

• Compared to their representation in overall student enrollment in 2017-18, students identified as economically disadvantaged made up a larger percentage of every special population except military-connected. Similarly, economically disadvantaged students made up a larger percentage of students within every instructional program, except gifted and talented and CTE (Figure 10 on this page and Table 17 on page 32). Whereas economically disadvantaged students made up 58.7 percent of stu-dents overall, they made up 97.5 percent of students identified as migrants, 94.0 percent of students identified as homeless, 88.0 percent of students identified as in foster care, 83.5 percent of students identified as ELLs, 82.5 percent of students participating in bilingual/ESL programs, 73.7 percent of students identified as at-risk, 73.1 percent of students participating in Title I programs, 65.0 percent of students identified as immigrants, and 64.7 percent of students served in special education programs.

Figure 10 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Instructional Programs, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

Note. Students may be counted in more than one category. Career and technical data reflect the percentage of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participat-ing in career and technical education programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded. ESL=English as a second language.

0

20

40

60

80

100


Econ

omica

lly D

isadv

anta

ged

Enro

llmen

t (%)



Table 17 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Instructional Programs and Special Populations, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 and 2017-18

At-risk


and technicalb

ELLc

Foster care Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 1,603,381 71.1 627,473 86.9 186,981 44.8 670,187 86.4 n/ad n/a 2017-18 2,018,804 73.7 838,094 82.5 423,278 54.4 847,945 83.5 14,278 88.0 10-year change 415,423 25.9 210,621 33.6 236,297 126.4 177,758 26.5 n/a n/a

Gifted and talented

Homeless

Immigrant

Migrant

Military- connected

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 114,326 32.8 n/a n/a 72,050 76.4 36,166 96.3 n/a n/a 2017-18 159,728 37.4 105,197 94.0 70,265 65.0 20,056 97.5 31,641 36.0 10-year change 45,402 39.7 n/a n/a -1,785 -2.5 -16,110 -44.5 n/a n/a.

Special education

Title I

State

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 289,839 61.1 2,051,602 71.8 2,576,621 55.2 2017-18 322,206 64.7 2,562,197 73.1 3,168,294 58.7 10-year change 32,367 11.2 510,595 24.9 591,673 23.0



Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Gender • Within each instructional program and among each special population for which data were available,

the percentages of enrollment accounted for by female and male students were similar in 2007-08 and 2017-18, with the exception of gifted and talented (Table 18 on page 34).

• Males and females, who made up 51.3 percent and 48.7 percent, respectively, of total public school enrollment in 2017-18, accounted for similar proportions of each special population and of each in-structional program except special education.

• In special education programs in 2017-18, males made up 66.9 percent of enrollment, whereas fe-males made up 33.1 percent (Figure 11).

Figure 11 Enrollment for Instructional Programs by Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


Enro

llmen

t (%)


Female Male


Table 18 Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations by Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 and 2017-18

At-risk


and technicalb

ELLc

Foster care Gender Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

2007-08 Female 1,059,197 46.9 344,112 47.7 204,640 49.0 367,531 47.4 n/ad n/a Male 1,197,409 53.1 377,638 52.3 212,585 51.0 407,901 52.6 n/a n/a

2017-18 Female 1,266,129 46.2 482,819 47.5 376,482 48.4 477,890 47.1 7,954 49.0 Male 1,473,174 53.8 533,153 52.5 401,903 51.6 537,482 52.9 8,279 51.0

10-year change Female 206,932 19.5 138,707 40.3 171,842 84.0 110,359 30.0 n/a n/a Male 275,765 23.0 155,515 41.2 189,318 89.1 129,581 31.8 n/a n/a

Gifted and talented

Homeless

Immigrant

Migrant

Military- connected

Gender Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08

Female 178,669 51.2 n/a n/a 45,649 48.4 18,252 48.6 n/a n/a Male 170,185 48.8 n/a n/a 48,614 51.6 19,296 51.4 n/a n/a

2017-18 Female 212,610 49.8 55,086 49.2 52,096 48.2 9,952 48.4 43,251 49.3 Male 214,411 50.2 56,845 50.8 55,959 51.8 10,625 51.6 44,525 50.7

10-year change Female 33,941 19.0 n/a n/a 6,447 14.1 -8,300 -45.5 n/a n/a Male 44,226 26.0 n/a n/a 7,345 15.1 -8,671 -44.9 n/a n/a

Special education

Title I

State

Gender Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08

Female 156,392 32.9 1,391,750 48.7 2,274,819 48.7 Male 318,289 67.1 1,466,732 51.3 2,396,674 51.3

2017-18 Female 164,850 33.1 1,707,854 48.7 2,630,684 48.7 Male 333,470 66.9 1,799,253 51.3 2,768,998 51.3

10-year change Female 8,458 5.4 316,104 22.7 355,865 15.6 Male 15,181 4.8 332,521 22.7 372,324 15.5



Enrollment by Education Service Center

Regional education service centers (ESCs) are nonregulatory, public institutions created and author-ized by the Texas Legislature. Their associations with school districts are collaborative and supportive. Texas is divided into 20 service center regions, and each region has its own ESC. An ESC serves districts within the geographic boundaries of its service center region. A district may choose to work with an ESC outside of its service center region. This report presents regional results based on the districts served by each ESC, including any districts the ESC serves that are located outside its geographic boundaries.

Some of the primary goals of ESCs are to work with the Texas Education Agency and districts to im-prove student achievement, to help districts become more cost-effective and efficient, and to assist in the implementation of laws passed by the Texas Legislature and regulations adopted by the commissioner of education and State Board of Education.

Seventeen of the twenty ESC regions in Texas had gains in enrollment between the 2007-08 and 2017-18 school years, and three had losses (Figure 12 on page 36 and Table 19 on page 37). Of the five regions experiencing increases of 20 percent or more, two—Region 10 (Richardson) and Region 20 (San Antonio)—include a major urban district. Region 14 (Abilene) and Region 18 (Midland), located in the western part of the state, experienced increases in enrollment of 24.7 percent and 21.1 percent, respec-tively. Region 6 (Huntsville), which includes some of the rapidly expanding districts north of Houston, grew by 23.4 percent during the same period. Of the three ESC regions that had decreases in enrollment, Region 2 (Corpus Christi) is along the Gulf Coast, Region 8 (Mount Pleasant) is in Northeast Texas, and Region 9 (Wichita Falls) is in North Texas.

Texas Regional Education Service Centers


• Across ESCs in 2007-08, Region 4 (Houston) served the largest student population, with 22.1 percent of the total state public school enrollment (Table 19). In 2017-18, Region 4 continued to serve the largest proportion of total state enrollment (22.5%).

• Region 9 (Wichita Falls), with 0.7 percent of total state enrollment, served the smallest student popu-lation in 2017-18, as it did in each of the preceding 10 years.

• Region 20 (San Antonio) had the greatest percentage gain in enrollment between 2007-08 and 2017-18, increasing by 25.3 percent (Figure 12 and Table 19). Region 9 (Wichita Falls) had the greatest percentage loss, decreasing by 3.4 percent during the same period.

• Across ESCs between 2016-17 and 2017-18, Region 8 (Mt. Pleasant) had the largest percentage de-crease in enrollment, at 8.8 percent (5,426 students), and Region 18 (Midland) had the largest per-centage increase in enrollment, at 3.0 percent (2,657 students) (Table 19).

Figure 12 Change in Enrollment Within Education Service Centers, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 to 2017-18

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

20 - San Antonio19 - El Paso18 - Midland

17 - Lubbock16 - Amaril lo

15 - San Angelo14 - Abilene

13 - Austin12 - Waco

11 - Fort Worth10 - Richardson9 - Wichita Falls8 - Mt. Pleasant

7 - Kilgore6 - Huntsville5 - Beaumont

4 - Houston3 - Victoria

2 - Corpus Christi1 - Edinburg

Change in Enrollment (%)

Regi

on


Table 19 Enrollment by Education Service Center, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 1 - Edinburg 2 - Corpus Christi 3 - Victoria 4 - Houston 5 - Beaumont Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 383,460 8.2 105,512 2.3 52,496 1.1 1,031,462 22.1 80,712 1.7 2008-09 390,701 8.2 104,457 2.2 52,743 1.1 1,050,722 22.1 80,269 1.7 2009-10 399,837 8.2 104,284 2.2 52,598 1.1 1,076,115 22.2 80,625 1.7 2010-11 409,469 8.3 104,863 2.1 52,765 1.1 1,092,548 22.1 80,438 1.6 2011-12 412,862 8.3 105,357 2.1 53,305 1.1 1,105,601 22.1 80,331 1.6 2012-13 417,490 8.2 105,796 2.1 53,528 1.1 1,123,557 22.1 81,986 1.6 2013-14 422,509 8.2 106,080 2.1 53,971 1.0 1,147,038 22.3 81,726 1.6 2014-15 423,921 8.1 105,597 2.0 54,371 1.0 1,174,942 22.5 81,806 1.6 2015-16 427,671 8.1 101,758 1.9 54,489 1.0 1,194,099 22.5 82,025 1.5 2016-17 431,028 8.0 101,291 1.9 54,111 1.0 1,207,773 22.5 82,466 1.5 2017-18 433,171 8.0 103,940 1.9 53,676 1.0 1,212,397 22.5 83,754 1.6 10-year change 49,711 13.0 -1,572 -1.5 1,180 2.2 180,935 17.5 3,042 3.8

6 - Huntsville 7 - Kilgore 8 - Mt. Pleasant 9 - Wichita Falls 10 - Richardson Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 161,061 3.4 164,246 3.5 56,778 1.2 38,889 0.8 710,590 15.2 2008-09 164,218 3.5 165,199 3.5 56,604 1.2 38,728 0.8 723,432 15.2 2009-10 168,725 3.5 166,948 3.4 56,966 1.2 38,813 0.8 737,043 15.2 2010-11 171,733 3.5 169,455 3.4 56,866 1.2 38,485 0.8 749,836 15.2 2011-12 174,707 3.5 170,146 3.4 56,803 1.1 38,272 0.8 763,593 15.3 2012-13 177,412 3.5 170,293 3.4 56,824 1.1 38,498 0.8 776,920 15.3 2013-14 181,083 3.5 170,969 3.3 56,681 1.1 38,420 0.7 796,020 15.5 2014-15 185,402 3.5 171,512 3.3 56,442 1.1 37,910 0.7 812,655 15.5 2015-16 190,157 3.6 172,644 3.3 61,357 1.2 37,662 0.7 823,914 15.5 2016-17 193,699 3.6 169,882 3.2 61,585 1.1 37,791 0.7 844,896 15.8 2017-18 198,781 3.7 169,729 3.1 56,159 1.0 37,569 0.7 867,294 16.1 10-year change 37,720 23.4 5,483 3.3 -619 -1.1 -1,320 -3.4 156,704 22.1


continues


Table 19 (continued) Enrollment by Education Service Center, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 11 - Fort Worth 12 - Waco 13 - Austin 14 - Abilene 15 - San Angelo Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 510,207 10.9 148,516 3.2 345,154 7.4 47,206 1.0 47,692 1.0 2008-09 521,135 11.0 149,721 3.2 355,700 7.5 48,223 1.0 47,592 1.0 2009-10 531,304 11.0 152,497 3.1 367,273 7.6 50,103 1.0 47,846 1.0 2010-11 541,969 11.0 156,571 3.2 377,724 7.7 52,376 1.1 48,163 1.0 2011-12 553,205 11.1 158,500 3.2 372,861 7.5 52,288 1.0 47,810 1.0 2012-13 562,831 11.1 161,025 3.2 380,872 7.5 55,738 1.1 48,145 0.9 2013-14 568,506 11.0 162,033 3.1 388,461 7.5 58,075 1.1 48,919 0.9 2014-15 571,114 10.9 170,011 3.2 396,228 7.6 59,997 1.1 49,969 1.0 2015-16 578,910 10.9 171,136 3.2 403,846 7.6 58,704 1.1 50,315 0.9 2016-17 587,488 11.0 173,029 3.2 387,891 7.2 60,206 1.1 50,296 0.9 2017-18 591,086 10.9 174,566 3.2 393,317 7.3 58,843 1.1 50,407 0.9 10-year change 80,879 15.9 26,050 17.5 48,163 14.0 11,637 24.7 2,715 5.7

16 - Amarillo 17 - Lubbock 18 - Midland 19 - El Paso 20 - San Antonio Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 80,040 1.7 78,636 1.7 75,222 1.6 173,735 3.7 379,879 8.1 2008-09 81,365 1.7 79,530 1.7 76,998 1.6 175,116 3.7 387,118 8.2 2009-10 83,157 1.7 80,257 1.7 76,925 1.6 179,384 3.7 397,144 8.2 2010-11 84,670 1.7 81,354 1.6 78,038 1.6 182,133 3.7 404,161 8.2 2011-12 85,832 1.7 81,848 1.6 80,177 1.6 183,430 3.7 421,651 8.4 2012-13 86,440 1.7 83,330 1.6 83,305 1.6 182,814 3.6 429,036 8.5 2013-14 86,600 1.7 84,136 1.6 85,515 1.7 180,305 3.5 434,878 8.4 2014-15 86,346 1.7 84,299 1.6 87,906 1.7 179,755 3.4 441,882 8.4 2015-16 86,481 1.6 85,004 1.6 88,319 1.7 179,451 3.4 451,786 8.5 2016-17 86,393 1.6 84,706 1.6 88,400 1.6 179,010 3.3 477,186 8.9 2017-18 85,462 1.6 84,362 1.6 91,057 1.7 178,185 3.3 475,927 8.8 10-year change 5,422 6.8 5,726 7.3 15,835 21.1 4,450 2.6 96,048 25.3



Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity • Because rates for smaller groups can be less stable over time, discussions of results in this section are


• In the 2017-18 school year, Hispanic students accounted for more than 65 percent of enrollment in five ESC regions: Region 1 (Edinburg), Region 2 (Corpus Christi), Region 18 (Midland), Region 19 (El Paso), and Region 20 (San Antonio) (Figure 13 on this page and Table 20 on page 40).

• From 2016-17 to 2017-18, White enrollment, as a percentage of regional enrollment, decreased in 14 ESC regions (Table 20 on page 40).

• In the 2017-18 school year, African American students ranged from 0.4 percent of enrollment in Region 1 (Edinburg) to 25.2 percent in Region 5 (Beaumont).

Figure 13 Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2017-18

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100









Enrollment (%)

Regi

on

African-American Hispanic White


Table 20 Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 1 - Edinburg 2 - Corpus Christi 3 - Victoria 4 - Houston 5 - Beaumont

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent African American

2016-17 1,558 0.4 2,577 2.5 4,646 8.6 224,331 18.6 21,614 26.2 2017-18 1,938 0.4 2,500 2.4 4,417 8.2 225,293 18.6 21,147 25.2

American Indian 2016-17 216 0.1 178 0.2 85 0.2 5,548 0.5 509 0.6 2017-18 197 <0.1 178 0.2 78 0.1 5,488 0.5 501 0.6

Asian 2016-17 1,842 0.4 1,244 1.2 615 1.1 83,480 6.9 1,899 2.3 2017-18 1,859 0.4 1,277 1.2 623 1.2 85,315 7.0 1,909 2.3

Hispanic 2016-17 419,684 97.4 75,640 74.7 30,928 57.2 611,044 50.6 16,807 20.4 2017-18 421,181 97.2 78,127 75.2 30,771 57.3 613,926 50.6 18,241 21.8

Pacific Islander 2016-17 62 <0.1 71 0.1 20 <0.1 1,416 0.1 61 0.1 2017-18 67 <0.1 74 0.1 23 <0.1 1,496 0.1 44 0.1

White 2016-17 7,243 1.7 20,438 20.2 17,014 31.4 259,444 21.5 39,687 48.1 2017-18 7,398 1.7 20,649 19.9 16,931 31.5 257,190 21.2 39,968 47.7

Multiracial 2016-17 423 0.1 1,143 1.1 803 1.5 22,510 1.9 1,889 2.3 2017-18 531 0.1 1,135 1.1 833 1.6 23,689 2.0 1,944 2.3

All students 2016-17 431,028 100 101,291 100 54,111 100 1,207,773 100 82,466 100 2017-18 433,171 100 103,940 100 53,676 100 1,212,397 100 83,754 100


continues


Table 20 (continued) Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 6 - Huntsville 7 - Kilgore 8 - Mt. Pleasant 9 - Wichita Falls 10 - Richardson


2016-17 20,418 10.5 28,960 17.0 12,070 19.6 2,683 7.1 155,694 18.4 2017-18 21,075 10.6 28,478 16.8 11,048 19.7 2,694 7.2 160,577 18.5

American Indian 2016-17 845 0.4 684 0.4 365 0.6 254 0.7 5,171 0.6 2017-18 874 0.4 641 0.4 318 0.6 243 0.6 5,252 0.6

Asian 2016-17 4,527 2.3 1,609 0.9 468 0.8 557 1.5 61,162 7.2 2017-18 4,947 2.5 1,592 0.9 431 0.8 556 1.5 65,921 7.6

Hispanic 2016-17 69,490 35.9 47,315 27.9 14,011 22.8 10,479 27.7 364,796 43.2 2017-18 71,602 36.0 47,884 28.2 11,881 21.2 10,451 27.8 373,425 43.1

Pacific Islander 2016-17 191 0.1 119 0.1 58 0.1 45 0.1 915 0.1 2017-18 224 0.1 108 0.1 45 0.1 41 0.1 925 0.1

White 2016-17 93,340 48.2 86,154 50.7 32,192 52.3 22,238 58.8 237,117 28.1 2017-18 94,965 47.8 85,507 50.4 30,061 53.5 21,911 58.3 239,023 27.6

Multiracial 2016-17 4,888 2.5 5,041 3.0 2,421 3.9 1,535 4.1 20,041 2.4 2017-18 5,094 2.6 5,519 3.3 2,375 4.2 1,673 4.5 22,171 2.6

All students 2016-17 193,699 100 169,882 100 61,585 100 37,791 100 844,896 100 2017-18 198,781 100 169,729 100 56,159 100 37,569 100 867,294 100


continues


Table 20 (continued) Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 11 - Fort Worth 12 - Waco 13 - Austin 14 - Abilene 15 - San Angelo


2016-17 86,044 14.6 34,226 19.8 26,776 6.9 5,434 9.0 1,421 2.8 2017-18 87,894 14.9 34,250 19.6 26,667 6.8 5,177 8.8 1,399 2.8

American Indian 2016-17 2,622 0.4 715 0.4 953 0.2 232 0.4 112 0.2 2017-18 2,560 0.4 678 0.4 964 0.2 236 0.4 123 0.2

Asian 2016-17 28,283 4.8 3,635 2.1 19,449 5.0 1,185 2.0 369 0.7 2017-18 29,469 5.0 3,495 2.0 20,953 5.3 1,217 2.1 381 0.8

Hispanic 2016-17 212,049 36.1 58,782 34.0 184,746 47.6 21,906 36.4 28,988 57.6 2017-18 213,972 36.2 59,507 34.1 186,586 47.4 21,440 36.4 29,194 57.9

Pacific Islander 2016-17 1,685 0.3 1,257 0.7 427 0.1 54 0.1 18 <0.1 2017-18 1,743 0.3 1,417 0.8 422 0.1 60 0.1 23 <0.1

White 2016-17 239,091 40.7 67,044 38.7 143,786 37.1 29,482 49.0 18,584 36.9 2017-18 237,406 40.2 67,549 38.7 145,282 36.9 28,769 48.9 18,424 36.6

Multiracial 2016-17 17,714 3.0 7,370 4.3 11,754 3.0 1,913 3.2 804 1.6 2017-18 18,042 3.1 7,670 4.4 12,443 3.2 1,944 3.3 863 1.7

All students 2016-17 587,488 100 173,029 100 387,891 100 60,206 100 50,296 100 2017-18 591,086 100 174,566 100 393,317 100 58,843 100 50,407 100


continues


Table 20 (continued) Enrollment by Education Service Center and Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 16 - Amarillo 17 - Lubbock 18 - Midland 19 - El Paso 20 - San Antonio


2016-17 4,450 5.2 5,589 6.6 3,732 4.2 4,076 2.3 28,419 6.0 2017-18 4,560 5.3 5,532 6.6 3,877 4.3 3,924 2.2 28,330 6.0

American Indian 2016-17 393 0.5 241 0.3 251 0.3 338 0.2 1,055 0.2 2017-18 400 0.5 216 0.3 250 0.3 336 0.2 1,053 0.2

Asian 2016-17 2,562 3.0 998 1.2 1,060 1.2 1,170 0.7 9,180 1.9 2017-18 2,501 2.9 1,048 1.2 1,098 1.2 1,179 0.7 9,720 2.0

Hispanic 2016-17 40,636 47.0 49,339 58.2 60,496 68.4 161,471 90.2 330,779 69.3 2017-18 40,283 47.1 49,196 58.3 62,416 68.5 160,347 90.0 327,417 68.8

Pacific Islander 2016-17 69 0.1 43 0.1 98 0.1 337 0.2 754 0.2 2017-18 75 0.1 41 <0.1 117 0.1 353 0.2 728 0.2

White 2016-17 36,453 42.2 27,098 32.0 21,725 24.6 10,078 5.6 97,147 20.4 2017-18 35,778 41.9 26,917 31.9 22,154 24.3 10,423 5.8 98,210 20.6

Multiracial 2016-17 1,830 2.1 1,398 1.7 1,038 1.2 1,540 0.9 9,852 2.1 2017-18 1,865 2.2 1,412 1.7 1,145 1.3 1,623 0.9 10,469 2.2

All students 2016-17 86,393 100 84,706 100 88,400 100 179,010 100 477,186 100 2017-18 85,462 100 84,362 100 91,057 100 178,185 100 475,927 100



Enrollment by Education Service Center and Economically Disadvantaged Status • From 2007-08 to 2017-18, the percentages of students identified as economically disadvantaged in-

creased in 17 ESC regions and decreased in 3 regions: Region 18 (Midland), Region 19 (El Paso), and Region 20 (San Antonio) (Table 21).

• In the 2017-18 school year, 18 regions served populations in which at least 50 percent of students were identified as economically disadvantaged. Region 11 (Fort Worth) and Region 13 (Austin) had fewer than 50 percent of students identified as economically disadvantaged.

• Across ESC regions in 2017-18, the percentages of students identified as economically disadvantaged ranged from 44.6 percent in Region 13 (Austin) to 85.5 percent in Region 1 (Edinburg).

• Every region had an increase in the number of students identified as economically disadvantaged be-tween 2007-08 and 2017-18 (Figure 14 and Table 21).

Figure 14 Change in Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Education Service Centers, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 to 2017-18

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100









Change in Enrollment (%)

Regi

on


Table 21 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students Within Education Service Centers, Texas Public Schools, 2007-08 and 2017-18 1 - Edinburg 2 - Corpus Christi 3 - Victoria 4 - Houston 5 - Beaumont Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 326,600 85.2 64,828 61.4 29,226 55.7 556,941 54.0 42,424 52.6 2017-18 370,235 85.5 75,192 72.3 35,412 66.0 701,531 57.9 54,089 64.6 10-year change 43,635 13.4 10,364 16.0 6,186 21.2 144,590 26.0 11,665 27.5

6 - Huntsville 7 - Kilgore 8 - Mt. Pleasant 9 - Wichita Falls 10 - Richardson Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 73,986 45.9 89,350 54.4 32,044 56.4 19,116 49.2 361,551 50.9 2017-18 99,550 50.1 104,693 61.7 35,790 63.7 21,928 58.4 480,212 55.4 10-year change 25,564 34.6 15,343 17.2 3,746 11.7 2,812 14.7 118,661 32.8

11 - Fort Worth 12 -Waco 13 - Austin 14 - Abilene 15 - San Angelo Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 209,525 41.1 78,534 52.9 149,293 43.3 25,513 54.0 26,884 56.4 2017-18 290,571 49.2 101,775 58.3 175,613 44.6 33,010 56.1 30,045 59.6 10-year Change 81,046 38.7 23,241 29.6 26,320 17.6 7,497 29.4 3,161 11.8

16 - Amarillo 17 - Lubbock 18 - Midland 19 - El Paso 20 - San Antonio Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 43,576 54.4 45,359 57.7 38,374 51.0 130,483 75.1 233,014 61.3 2017-18 50,571 59.2 50,638 60.0 46,260 50.8 131,623 73.9 279,556 58.7 10-year change 6,995 16.1 5,279 11.6 7,886 20.6 1,140 0.9 46,542 20.0


Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools

In 1995, the 74th Texas Legislature authorized establishment of open-enrollment charter schools in the state (Texas Education Code [TEC], Chapter 12, Subchapter D, 1996). Open-enrollment charter schools are intended to promote local initiative and capitalize on creative approaches to meeting the edu-cational needs of students. Although considered public schools, they are exempt from many state regula-tions that apply to traditional public schools. Generally, open-enrollment charter schools are subject to laws and rules that ensure fiscal and academic accountability but do not unduly regulate instructional methods or pedagogical innovation (TEC §12.001, 2018). Some open-enrollment charter schools target students at risk of dropping out or those who have already dropped out and use the latitude afforded under statute to accommodate the needs of students who have had limited success in traditional public schools.

In 2013, the 83rd Texas Legislature amended statute to: (a) transfer authority to grant charters from the State Board of Education (SBOE) to the commissioner of education; (b) give the SBOE authority to veto charters the commissioner proposes to grant; and (c) provide for a graduated increase in the cap on the number of open-enrollment charters available for award, from 225 beginning September 1, 2014, to 305 beginning September 1, 2019 (TEC §12.101, 2013). Previously, the cap on the number of active, open-enrollment charters was 215, and that number was reached for the first time in November 2008. Charter holders may operate more than one campus under a charter, and the cap does not limit the number of open-enrollment charter school campuses that can be operated by a charter holder.

In the 2017-18 school year, there were 707 open-enrollment charter school campuses that served 296,323 students. Open-enrollment charter school enrollment increased every year between 1996-97 and 2017-18 (Table 22). During that period, year-to-year change in statewide enrollment in open-enrollment charter campuses ranged from a low of 7.2 percent in 2005-06 to a high of 217.0 percent in 1998-99. In 2017-18, statewide enrollment in open-enrollment charter campuses increased from the previous year by 8.6 percent.

Each year between 2007-08 and 2017-18, open-enrollment charter school enrollment increased for African American, Hispanic, and White students (Figure 15 on page 48 and Table 23 on page 49). Simi-larly, enrollment for multiracial students increased each year between 2009-10 and 2017-18 (Table 23 on page 49). During that same period, with the exception of 2012-13 to 2013-14, enrollment for Asian stu-dents also increased each year. Across the five largest racial/ethnic groups in 2017-18, Hispanic students accounted for the largest percentage of total enrollment in open-enrollment charter schools, followed by African American, White, Asian, and multiracial students.

Each year between 2007-08 and 2017-18, the majority of open-enrollment charter school students met the state criteria for economic disadvantage (Figure 16 and Table 24 on page 50). In the 2017-18 school year, 67.5 percent of students were identified as economically disadvantaged.

Across Grades K-12 in 2017-18, the percentages of total enrollment in open-enrollment charter schools accounted for by grade ranged from a low of 4.5 percent in Grade 12 to a high of 8.9 percent in Grade 6 (Table 25 on page 51). It is important to note that grade-level enrollment in open-enrollment charter schools is affected by the grade levels available to serve students in charter schools. Unlike traditional school districts, open-enrollment charter holders do not consistently serve traditional grade spans. For example, a charter holder may only have campuses that serve select elementary grades (e.g., Grades K-4), or a charter holder may open a new campus that initially serves only one grade and, over time, expand the number of grades that campus serves.


• In the 2007-08 school year, 90,485 students were enrolled in Texas open-enrollment charter schools (Table 22). By 2017-18, enrollment had risen to 296,323 students.

• In 2017-18, students enrolled in open-enrollment charter schools accounted for 5.5 percent of the total Texas public school population.

Table 22 Statewide Enrollment, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 1996-97 Through 2017-18 Year

Number

Annual

change (%)

Representation in public school

enrollment (%) 1996-97 2,426 – 0.1 1997-98 3,861 59.2 0.1 1998-99 12,240 217.0 0.3 1999-00 25,708 110.0 0.6 2000-01 38,044 48.0 0.9 2001-02 47,050 23.7 1.1 2002-03 53,988 14.7 1.3 2003-04 60,833 12.7 1.4 2004-05 66,160 8.8 1.5 2005-06 70,904 7.2 1.6 2006-07 81,107 14.4 1.8 2007-08 90,485 11.6 1.9 2008-09 102,903 13.7 2.2 2009-10 119,642 16.3 2.5 2010-11 134,076 12.1 2.7 2011-12 154,584 15.3 3.1 2012-13 179,120 15.9 3.5 2013-14 203,290 13.5 3.9 2014-15 228,153 12.2 4.4 2015-16 247,389 8.4 4.7 2016-17 272,835 10.3 5.1 2017-18 296,323 8.6 5.5


Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools by Race/Ethnicity • Because rates for smaller groups can be less stable over time, discussions of results in this section are


• Enrollment increased for each of the five largest racial/ethnic groups in open-enrollment charter schools between the 2016-17 and 2017-18 school years (Figure 15 and Table 23).

• Between 2016-17 and 2017-18, the percentages of total enrollment in open-enrollment charter schools accounted for by White and multiracial students increased by 1.2 and 0.2 percentage points, respec-tively (Table 23). During the same period, the percentages accounted for by African American, Asian, and Hispanic students decreased by 1.0, 0.1, and 0.2 percentage points, respectively.

• In 2017-18, Hispanic students accounted for the largest percentage of total enrollment in open- enrollment charter schools (59.7%), followed by African American (17.8%), White (15.8%), Asian (4.5%), and multiracial (1.9%) students.

Figure 15 Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18


0

20

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60

80

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2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Enro

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t (in

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Table 23 Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 African American American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 27,138 30.0 273 0.3 n/aa n/a 44,919 49.6 n/a n/a 2008-09 28,488 27.7 300 0.3 n/a n/a 52,713 51.2 n/a n/a 2009-10 29,058 24.3 895 0.7 4,539 3.8 61,229 51.2 656 0.5 2010-11 31,739 23.7 634 0.5 5,442 4.1 71,730 53.5 136 0.1 2011-12 35,304 22.8 690 0.4 6,981 4.5 84,261 54.5 122 0.1 2012-13 38,963 21.8 694 0.4 8,242 4.6 99,708 55.7 134 0.1 2013-14 42,545 20.9 582 0.3 7,034 3.5 115,497 56.8 140 0.1 2014-15 45,914 20.1 694 0.3 10,301 4.5 131,851 57.8 163 0.1 2015-16 47,977 19.4 668 0.3 11,269 4.6 145,760 58.9 192 0.1 2016-17 51,270 18.8 757 0.3 12,637 4.6 163,560 59.9 191 0.1 2017-18 52,674 17.8 926 0.3 13,249 4.5 176,905 59.7 206 0.1 10-year change 25,536 94.1 653 239.2 n/a n/a 131,986 293.8 n/a n/a

White Multiracial Year Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 15,687 17.3 n/a n/a 2008-09 17,970 17.5 n/a n/a 2009-10 22,200 18.6 1,065 0.9 2010-11 22,923 17.1 1,472 1.1 2011-12 25,246 16.3 1,980 1.3 2012-13 28,907 16.1 2,472 1.4 2013-14 34,493 17.0 2,999 1.5 2014-15 35,635 15.6 3,595 1.6 2015-16 37,505 15.2 4,018 1.6 2016-17 39,726 14.6 4,694 1.7 2017-18 46,726 15.8 5,637 1.9 10-year change 31,039 197.9 n/a n/a

Note. Parts may not add to 100 percent because of rounding. aNot available.


Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools by Economically Disadvantaged Status • Although the number of students identified as economically disadvantaged in open-enrollment charter

schools increased by 12,930 students between the 2016-17 and 2017-18 school years, the percentage identified decreased by 1.1 percentage points to 67.5 percent (Figure 16 and Table 24).

Figure 16 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18

Table 24 Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged Students, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 Year Number Percent Year Number Percent 2007-08 63,278 69.9 2014-15 157,642 69.1 2008-09 71,479 69.5 2015-16 170,855 69.1 2009-10 84,311 70.5 2016-17 187,086 68.6 2010-11 94,723 70.6 2017-18 200,016 67.5 2011-12 110,259 71.3 2012-13 125,384 70.0 10-year change 136,738 216.1 2013-14 142,680 70.2

50

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2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Enro

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t (%)

School Year


Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools by Grade • In 2017-18, Grade 6 had the highest enrollment in open-enrollment charter schools, at 26,496 stu-

dents, followed by Grade 7, at 24,723 students (Figure 17 and Table 25).

• Across Grades K-12 in 2017-18, the percentages of total enrollment in open-enrollment charter schools accounted for by grade ranged from a low of 4.5 percent in Grade 12 to a high of 8.9 percent in Grade 6 (Table 25).

• Between 2016-17 and 2017-18, enrollment in open-enrollment charter schools increased at every grade level except early education.

Figure 17 Enrollment by Grade, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18


Table 25 Enrollment by Grade, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2016-17 and 2017-18 2016-17 2017-18 2016-17 2017-18 Grade Number Percent Number Percent Grade Number Percent Number Percent Early education 16 <0.1 10 <0.1 6 24,663 9.0 26,496 8.9 Prekindergarten 14,217 5.2 15,848 5.3 7 23,006 8.4 24,723 8.3 Kindergarten 21,614 7.9 23,748 8.0 8 20,489 7.5 22,754 7.7 1 21,827 8.0 23,712 8.0 9 20,462 7.5 21,536 7.3 2 22,041 8.1 23,075 7.8 10 17,511 6.4 18,527 6.3 3 20,912 7.7 22,965 7.7 11 14,876 5.5 16,390 5.5 4 19,914 7.3 21,594 7.3 12 11,606 4.3 13,349 4.5 5 19,681 7.2 21,596 7.3 All grades 272,835 100 296,323 100


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

EE PK K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Enro

llmen

t

Grade

2016-17 2017-18


Enrollment in Open-Enrollment Charter Schools for Instructional Programs and Special Populations • In the 2017-18 school year, 51.1 percent of students in open-enrollment charter schools were identi-

fied as at risk of dropping out of school, a decrease of 1.3 percentage points from the previous year (Table 26).


• The percentage of open-enrollment charter school students in Grades 9-12 participating in career and technical education programs increased by 5.9 percentage points, to 28.2 percent, between 2016-17 and 2017-18 (Figure 18 and Table 26).

• Between 2016-17 and 2017-18, the number of open-enrollment charter school students identified as English language learners (ELLs) increased by 7,451, or 11.3 percent (Table 26). In the 2017-18 school year, 24.8 percent of students were identified as ELLs, compared to 24.2 percent in 2016-17.

• The number of open-enrollment charter school students participating in Title I programs increased by 17,547 students, or by 7.8 percent, between 2016-17 and 2017-18.

Figure 18 Enrollment in Instructional Programs, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Enro

llmen

t (%)

School Year



Table 26 Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18

At-risk


and technicalb

ELLc

Foster care Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 52,160 57.6 11,497 12.7 3,263 11.4 12,588 13.9 n/ad n/a 2008-09 54,120 52.6 14,557 14.1 1,681 5.6 15,054 14.6 n/a n/a 2009-10 59,468 49.7 18,048 15.1 1,657 5.0 18,681 15.6 n/a n/a 2010-11 68,708 51.2 21,018 15.7 1,528 4.3 21,884 16.3 n/a n/a 2011-12 71,848 46.5 25,761 16.7 3,295 8.5 26,666 17.3 n/a n/a 2012-13 80,209 44.8 32,268 18.0 4,619 10.7 33,365 18.6 n/a n/a 2013-14 100,593 49.5 40,096 19.7 5,679 11.8 41,299 20.3 903 0.4 2014-15 115,823 50.8 48,197 21.1 7,189 13.5 49,388 21.6 991 0.4 2015-16 124,546 50.3 56,116 22.7 8,855 15.2 57,018 23.0 1,139 0.5 2016-17 142,904 52.4 65,155 23.9 14,387 22.3 66,152 24.2 1,228 0.5 2017-18 151,370 51.1 72,646 24.5 19,656 28.2 73,603 24.8 1,391 0.5 10-year change 99,210 190.2 61,149 531.9 16,393 502.4 61,015 484.7 n/a n/a

Gifted and talented

Homeless

Immigrant

Migrant

Military- connected

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 2,202 2.4 n/a n/a 509 0.6 178 0.2 n/a n/a 2008-09 1,943 1.9 n/a n/a 510 0.5 158 0.2 n/a n/a 2009-10 2,198 1.8 n/a n/a 782 0.7 150 0.1 n/a n/a 2010-11 2,178 1.6 n/a n/a 719 0.5 138 0.1 n/a n/a 2011-12 2,399 1.6 n/a n/a 677 0.4 134 0.1 n/a n/a 2012-13 2,750 1.5 n/a n/a 994 0.6 143 0.1 n/a n/a 2013-14 3,335 1.6 1,276 0.6 1,152 0.6 171 0.1 945 0.5 2014-15 4,342 1.9 1,439 0.6 1,033 0.5 212 0.1 1,199 0.5 2015-16 4,931 2.0 1,633 0.7 1,140 0.5 171 0.1 1,373 0.6 2016-17 6,678 2.4 2,218 0.8 1,507 0.6 175 0.1 1,791 0.7 2017-18 7,522 2.5 4,060 1.4 2,070 0.7 177 0.1 2,065 0.7 10-year change 5,320 241.6 n/a n/a 1,561 306.7 -1 -0.6 n/a n/a

Note. Students may be counted in more than one category. aEnglish as a second language. bData reflect the numbers and percentages of students in Grades 9-12 only who are participating in career and technical educa-tion programs. Students taking career and technical education courses in Grades 6-8 or as electives are excluded. cEnglish language learner. dNot available.

continues


Table 26 (continued) Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special Populations, Texas Open-Enrollment Charter Schools, 2007-08 Through 2017-18 Special

education

Title I

State

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2007-08 8,111 9.0 72,476 80.1 90,485 100 2008-09 8,590 8.3 83,281 80.9 102,903 100 2009-10 9,270 7.7 96,876 81.0 119,642 100 2010-11 9,694 7.2 110,600 82.5 134,076 100 2011-12 10,718 6.9 129,551 83.8 154,584 100 2012-13 11,767 6.6 148,826 83.1 179,120 100 2013-14 13,671 6.7 168,112 82.7 203,290 100 2014-15 14,799 6.5 192,330 84.3 228,153 100 2015-16 16,179 6.5 199,458 80.6 247,389 100 2016-17 18,255 6.7 224,279 82.2 272,835 100 2017-18 20,304 6.9 241,826 81.6 296,323 100 10-year change 12,193 150.3 169,350 233.7 205,838 227.5



National Enrollment Trends

Reporting of National Enrollment Trends Using enrollment data drawn from the Digest of Education Statistics, published by the National Cen-

ter for Education Statistics (NCES), this section of the report compares population and enrollment num-bers for Texas, other states, and the nation as a whole. Reporting the most current national data available, the section highlights population characteristics and program participation, as well as changes in these populations over many years.

The NCES has different data processing and reporting requirements than the Texas Education Agency (TEA). As a result, the data reported using NCES figures do not match TEA results in prior sections of this report. In addition, TEA releases some data sooner than NCES; consequently, school years reported in this section do not correspond to school years reported in prior sections. Finally, states may have different criteria for determining student eligibility for certain programs, which can influence enrollment numbers. These factors should be taken into consideration when making direct comparisons across states.

Population Trends According to national figures, Texas ranked second, behind California, in overall population as

well as school-age population (children ages 5-17) in 2016 (NCES, n.d.-a). Between 2000 and 2016, the rate of growth in the overall population in Texas was more than twice the rate in the United States as a whole. Over the same period, the rate of growth in the school-age population in Texas was more than 20 times the rate in the United States. The estimated overall population rose to 27.9 million in Texas and to 323.1 million in the United States, increases of 33.0 percent and 14.5 percent, respectively. The estimated school-age population increased to 5.3 million in Texas and to 53.7 million in the United States, increases of 23.3 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively.

Enrollment Trends National figures indicate that Texas, with more than 5.2 million students, ranked second, behind Cali-

fornia, with 6.3 million students, in public school enrollment in 2014 (NCES, 2018a). Of the four most populous states in the country, Texas had the largest percentage increase in public school enrollment be-tween 2004 and 2014 (18.8%) followed by Florida (4.5%) (Table 27 on page 56). Public school enroll-ment in New York and California decreased by 3.4 and 2.0 percent, respectively. Across all 50 states and the District of Columbia, Texas had the second-highest percentage increase in public school enrollment over the 10-year period, behind Utah (26.2%) (NCES, 2018a). Nationwide, public school enrollment in-creased at a rate of 3.1 percent, about one-sixth the rate in Texas.

Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity In fall of 2014, according to national figures, Texas public school enrollment was 12.6 percent Afri-

can American, 52.0 percent Hispanic, and 29.0 percent White (Table 28 on page 57). By comparison, overall U.S. public school enrollment was 15.5 percent African American, 25.4 percent Hispanic, and 49.5 percent White.


Table 27 Public School Enrollment, Four Most Populous States and the United States, Fall 2004 and Fall 2014 Year

California

Florida

New York

Texas

United States

Fall 2004 6,441,557 2,639,336 2,836,337 4,405,215 48,795,465 Fall 2014 6,312,161 2,756,944 2,741,185 5,233,765 50,312,581 10-year change:

Number -129,396 117,608 -95,152 828,550 1,517,116 Percent -2.0 4.5 -3.4 18.8 3.1

Source. National Center for Education Statistics (2018a).

Between 2004 and 2014, the percentage of public school enrollment accounted for by Hispanic stu-dents increased in every state in the United States and in the District of Columbia, except for Nevada, where 2004 data were not available (NCES, 2018b). In the four most populous states, the percentage-point increases in enrollment of Hispanic students were the largest for any racial/ethnic group (Table 28). The proportion of public school enrollment accounted for by Hispanic students rose from 44.7 percent to 52.0 percent (7.3 percentage points) in Texas and from 19.1 percent to 25.4 percent (6.3 percentage points) nationwide. Across all 50 states and the District of Columbia, New Mexico had the highest pro-portion of Hispanic student enrollment (61.1%) in 2014, followed by California (53.6%) and Texas (52.0%) (NCES, 2018b).

The percentage of public school enrollment accounted for by African American and White students decreased in each of the four most populous states, as well as in the United States as a whole, between 2004 and 2014 (Table 28). The proportion of enrollment accounted for by African American students decreased from 14.2 percent to 12.6 percent (1.6 percentage points) in Texas and from 17.2 percent to 15.5 percent (1.7 percentage points) nationwide. The proportion of enrollment accounted for by White students decreased from 37.7 percent to 29.0 percent (8.7 percentage points) in Texas and from 58.0 per-cent to 49.5 percent (8.5 percentage points) nationwide.

Enrollment of Students Identified as Economically Disadvantaged Eligibility for the National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Program, which provides free and

reduced-price meals to students from low-income families, is used as an indicator of student economic status. In 2005-06, across all 50 states and the District of Columbia, the percentages of students identified as eligible ranged from a low of 17.2 percent in New Hampshire to a high of 69.6 percent in Mississippi (NCES, 2010). National figures indicate that 48.2 percent of students in Texas were identified as eligible in 2005-06 (Table 29 on page 58).

In 2014-15, the percentages of students identified as eligible for free or reduced-price meals ranged from a low of 29.0 percent in New Hampshire to a high of 92.4 percent in the District of Columbia (NCES, 2018c). Three of the four most populous states—California, Florida, and Texas—had higher per-centages of eligible students than the country as a whole (Table 29 on page 58). National figures indicate that 58.8 percent of students in Texas were eligible for the program, 7.0 percentage points higher than the national average of 51.8 percent. From 2005-06 to 2014-15, the percentages of students identified as eligi-ble for free or reduced-price meals increased in California, Florida, New York, and Texas. Nationwide, only Arizona, North Dakota, and West Virginia had decreases in the percentages of eligible students be-tween 2005-06 and 2014-15. (NCES, 2010, 2018c).


Table 28 Public School Enrollment (%) by Race/Ethnicity, Four Most Populous States and the United States, Fall 2004 and Fall 2014

Year

African American

American Indian

Hispanic

White

California Fall 2004 8.1 0.8 47.7 31.9 Fall 2014 6.0 0.6 53.6 24.6 10-year change (percentage-point) -2.1 -0.2 5.9 -7.3

Florida Fall 2004 24.1 0.3 23.0 50.5 Fall 2014 22.7 0.3 30.7 40.2 10-year change (percentage-point) -1.4 0.0 7.7 -10.3

New York Fall 2004 19.9 0.5 19.8 53.1 Fall 2014 18.0 0.6 25.3 45.4 10-year change (percentage-point) -1.9 0.1 5.5 -7.7

Texas Fall 2004 14.2 0.3 44.7 37.7 Fall 2014 12.6 0.4 52.0 29.0 10-year change (percentage-point) -1.6 0.1 7.3 -8.7

United States Fall 2004 17.2 1.2 19.1 58.0 Fall 2014 15.5 1.0 25.4 49.5 10-year change (percentage-point) -1.7 -0.2 6.3 -8.5

Source. National Center for Education Statistics (2018b). Note. Parts do not add to 100 percent because of rounding and because all racial/ethnic groups are not presented.


Table 29 Public School Enrollment (%) of Students Eligible for the National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Program, Four Most Populous States and the United States, 2005-06 and 2014-15 Year

California

Florida

New York

Texas

United States

2005-06 48.5 45.8 44.8 48.2 42.0 2014-15 58.7 58.4 50.9 58.8 51.8 9-year change (percentage-point) 10.2 12.6 6.1 10.6 9.8

Source. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 2010, 2018c).

Enrollment of Students Participating in Special Education Programs According to national figures, a higher percentage of public school students participated in special

education programs in the United States as a whole (13.6%) than in Texas (10.7%) during the 2006-07 school year (Table 30). By 2015-16, participation in special education had decreased to 13.2 percent in the United States overall and to 8.7 percent in Texas. Of the four most populous states in the country, two, New York and California, had percentage-point increases in special education participation between 2006-07 and 2015-16 (2.3 and 1.0 percentage points, respectively). Nationwide in 2015-16, New York had the highest percentage of public school students participating in special education (18.4%), followed by Maine and Pennsylvania (17.9% and 17.7%, respectively), and Texas had the lowest percentage (8.7%) (NCES, n.d.-c).

Table 30 Public School Enrollment (%) of Students Participating in Special Education Programs, Four Most Populous States and the United States, 2006-07 and 2015-16 Year

California

Florida

New York

Texas

United States

2006-07 10.5 14.9 16.1 10.7 13.6 2015-16 11.5 13.3 18.4 8.7 13.2 9-year change (percentage-point) 1.0 -1.6 2.3 -2.0 -0.4

Source. National Center for Education Statistics (2009, n.d.-c).

Enrollment of Students Identified as English Language Learners Students identified as English language learners (ELLs) are eligible to participate in bilingual or Eng-

lish as a second language programs. National figures indicate that the percentage of public school students who participated in programs for students identified as ELLs in 2005 was higher in Texas (16.7%) than in the United States overall (9.2%) (Table 31). In 2015, the percentage of students participating in programs


Table 31 Public School Enrollment (%) of Students Participating in Programs for Students Identified as English Language Learners, Four Most Populous States and the United States Fall 2005 and Fall 2015 Year

California

Florida

New York

Texas

United States

Fall 2005 25.2 8.7 6.7 16.7 9.2a Fall 2015 21.0 9.6 8.0 16.8 9.5 10-year change (percentage-point) -4.2 0.9 1.3 0.1 0.3

Source. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, n.d.-b). aData were imputed by NCES for non-reporting states.

for students identified as ELLs in Texas (16.8%) remained higher than the national percentage (9.5%). Across the four most populous states in the country, California had the highest percentages of public school students participating in programs for students identified as ELLs in both 2005 (25.2%) and 2015 (21.0%), and New York had the smallest percentages in both 2005 (6.7%) and 2015 (8.0%). Nationwide in 2015, Nevada and Texas had the second-highest rates of participation in ELL programs, at 16.8 percent each (NCES, n.d.-b).


References Every Student Succeeds Act, Pub. L. No. 114-95 §1111, 129 Stat. 1801, 1820-1852 (2015).

National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.-a). Digest of education statistics 2017, Table 101.40. Re-trieved March 27, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d17/tables/dt17_101.40.asp

National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.-b). Digest of education statistics 2017, Table 204.20. Re-trieved March 27, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d17/tables/dt17_204.20.asp

National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.-c). Digest of education statistics 2017, Table 204.70. Re-trieved March 27, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d17/tables/dt17_204.70.asp

National Center for Education Statistics. (2009). Digest of education statistics 2008, Table 52. Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d08/tables/dt08_052.asp

National Center for Education Statistics. (2010). Digest of education statistics 2009, Table 42. Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d09/tables/dt09_042.asp

National Center for Education Statistics. (2017). Projections of education statistics to 2025 (NCES 2017-019). Retrieved March 27, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2017/2017019.pdf

National Center for Education Statistics. (2018a). Digest of education statistics 2016, Table 203.20. Re-trieved March 27, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_203.20.asp

National Center for Education Statistics. (2018b). Digest of education statistics 2016, Table 203.70. Re-trieved March 27, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_203.70.asp

National Center for Education Statistics. (2018c). Digest of education statistics 2016, Table 204.10. Re-trieved March 27, 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_204.10.asp

National Research Council. (2001). Eager to learn: Educating our preschoolers (B.T. Bowman, M.S. Donovan, & M.S. Burns, Eds.). Committee on Early Childhood Pedagogy, Commission on Behav-ioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Texas Administrative Code, Title 19, Education. (2018). Retrieved March 27, 2018, from http://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public/tacctx$.startup

Texas Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services. (n.d.). Early childhood intervention services. Retrieved March 27, 2018, from http://www.dars.state.tx.us/ecis/index.shtml#eci

Texas Education Agency. (n.d.) Equity in Gifted/Talented (G/T) Education. Retrieved March 27, 2018, from http://www.gtequity.org/twice.php

Texas Education Agency. (2003). Enrollment in Texas public schools, 2001-02 (Document No. GE04 601 02). Austin, TX: Author.

Texas Education Agency. (2005). Enrollment in Texas public schools, 2003-04 (Document No. GE05 601 06). Austin, TX: Author.

Texas Education Agency. (2009). 2009-2010 Public Education Information Management System adden-dum version data standards, Appendix F: New federal requirements for ethnicity and race data col-lection and reporting. Retrieved May 11, 2018, from http://www.tea.state.tx.us/WorkArea/ linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=2147493801&libID=2147493798

Texas Education Agency. (2017). 2017-2018 TEDS – ESCs & LEAs using TSDS PEIMS only. Retrieved April 4, 2018, from https://www.texasstudentdatasystem.org/TSDS/TEDS/1718A/ PEIMS_Data_Standards/

Texas Education Code. (1996). Texas school law bulletin. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.

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https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d08/tables/dt08_052.asp

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https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2017/2017019.pdf




http://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public/tacctx$.startup

http://www.dars.state.tx.us/ecis/index.shtml#23eci

http://www.gtequity.org/twice.php

http://www.tea.state.tx.us/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=2147493801&libID=2147493798

http://www.tea.state.tx.us/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=2147493801&libID=2147493798

https://www.texasstudentdatasystem.org/TSDS/TEDS/1718A/PEIMS_Data_Standards/

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Texas Education Code. (2013). Texas school law bulletin. Charlottesville, VA: Matthew Bender.

Texas Education Code. (2018). Texas school law bulletin. Charlottesville, VA: Matthew Bender.

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Compliance Statement

Title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Modified Court Order, Civil Action 5281, Federal District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division.

Reviews of local education agencies pertaining to compliance with Title VI Civil Rights Act of 1964 and with specific requirements of the Modified Court Order, Civil Action No. 5281, Federal District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division are conducted periodically by staff representatives of the Texas Education Agency. These reviews cover at least the following policies and practices:

1. acceptance policies on student transfers from other school districts; 2. operation of school bus routes or runs on a nonsegregated basis; 3. nondiscrimination in extracurricular activities and the use of school facilities; 4. nondiscriminatory practices in the hiring, assigning, promoting, paying, demoting, reassigning, or

dismissing of faculty and staff members who work with children; 5. enrollment and assignment of students without discrimination on the basis of race, color, or na-

tional origin; 6. nondiscriminatory practices relating to the use of a student's first language; and 7. evidence of published procedures for hearing complaints and grievances.

In addition to conducting reviews, the Texas Education Agency staff representatives check com-plaints of discrimination made by a citizen or citizens residing in a school district where it is alleged dis-criminatory practices have occurred or are occurring.

Where a violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act is found, the findings are reported to the Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education.

If there is a direct violation of the Court Order in Civil Action No. 5281 that cannot be cleared through negotiation, the sanctions required by the Court Order are applied.

Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964 as Amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972; Executive Orders 11246 and 11375; Equal Pay Act of 1964; Title IX, Education Amend-ments; Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as Amended; 1974 Amendments to the Wage-Hour Law Expand-ing the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967; Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act of 1972 as Amended; Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986; Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990; and the Civil Rights Act of 1991.

The Texas Education Agency shall comply fully with the nondiscrimination provisions of all federal and state laws, rules, and regulations by assuring that no person shall be excluded from consideration for recruitment, selection, appointment, training, promotion, retention, or any other personnel action, or be denied any benefits or participation in any educational programs or activities which it operates on the grounds of race, religion, color, national origin, sex, disability, age, or veteran status (except where age, sex, or disability constitutes a bona fide occupational qualification necessary to proper and efficient ad-ministration). The Texas Education Agency is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer.

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