ENHANCING THE DYNAMIC

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF

CONCRETE WITH FIBER

REINFORCEMENT

Nemy Banthia

University of British Columbia

Vancouver, Canada

2013 UBC‐Tongji‐CSRN Symposium, Modern Solutions to Seismic Risk Mitigation: August 19-20, 2013, Vancouver, Canada

Outline:Fiber Reinforced Concrete

(FRC)

Eco-Friendly Ductile Cementitious Composites (EDCC)

Infrastructure Deterioration and Interest in Durable Cementitious Composites

FRC for Sensing and Smart Structures

Closure

Fibers for Concrete Use

Carbon

Spectra HDPE fiber

Basalt fiberCellulose fiber Carbon Fiber

Polyester FiberDeformed Steel

Production of

Fiber Reinforced

Concrete

Fiber Reinforcement and Crack

Bridging

Fibers

Applications

Fiber Matrix Interaction, Mechanisms of

Reinforcement and Bond Optimization

(a) untreated PP plate surfaces.

(b) plasma treated PP plate surfaces.

Contact angle: 80o

Contact angle: 7o

dzdzppwfd

Vw

fL

zf

f

tension )()(),(4/

)(0

cos)2/(

02

Bending Response: Hardening and Softening

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Be

nd

ing

Str

es

s (

psi)

Deflection (in)

Deflection (mm)

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Be

nd

ing

Str

es

s (

MP

a)

Vf = 0.23%

ASTM C-1018 Test

Torex Fiber

d = 0.5 mm, L = 32 mm

Concrete mix

f'c = 36 MPa

Vf = 0.8%

MOR

LOP, BOP

Deflection-

Hardening

Deflection-Softening

Tension: Ecofriendly Ductile Cementitious Composites

(EDCC)

)(1

1)(

21321

f

f

mu

fucriticalff

d

lVV

42

f

fu

mu

f

md

V

Vx

x

dzdzppwfd

Vw

fL

zf

f

tension )()(),(4/

)(0

cos)2/(

02

ART in

EDCC

Strain-Rate Effects

Event Strain Rate

Quasi-Static Testing

Testing at High Strain Rates incl. Impact

Split Hopkinsons

Pressure Bar

Drop Weight Impact

FIB Formulation (in tension)

(in compression)

EDCC: 𝜀 Associated with Earthquakes

𝜀 = 10−3/𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝜀 = 10−6/𝑠𝑒𝑐

d/dtSize and Rate Effects

Rate Effects

Producing Durable Infrastructure

Structures built today

last an average of 37

years ONLY!!

Influence of Climate Change on Concrete

Structures

Increase in atmospheric CO2 levels from 370 ppm to 1000 ppm

Increased Corrosion Rates

Increased Carbonation

Increase in temperature by over 50C Increased Shrinkage

Porous Microstructure and High Permeability

Increased Corrosion Rates

Increased Water Levels Increased Saturation

Greater Scour

FRC for Durability : Time to Corrosion Onset

(weeks)

No Loading

15-kN Loading

30-kN Loading

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Tim

e to

Co

rro

sio

n O

nse

t (w

eek

)

FRC for Sensing and Smart Structures

Structural Health Monitoring

Sensing Data AcquisitionData processingCommunication Damage detectionModeling and Interpretation

Sensor Location and Transmitter

Crossbow Tri-Axial

Accelerometer Corrosion Sensor

Tilt-Beam Sensor

Fibre optic sensor

Thermocouple

Wind Monitor

Sensors for Structures

FRC Sensor Development with Carbon Nano Tubes

Resistivity

Rapid Cyclic Tests and Fractional Change

in Resistance (FRC)

Load

Piezo-Resistive

Cement-Based

Sensor

[FCR]

Combining Fibers with Nanotubes

Traditional Gauge

Traditional Gauge

PFRC 15% CF

+ 1% MWCNT

PFRC 15%

CF

Gauge Factors

290 for 0.0007

145 for 0.0007

Gauge Factors

410 for 0.0004

110 for 0.0004

Provencher Bridge, Winnipeg, Manitoba

Data Acquisition / Control Room

Thank You!