Enhanced Mobility Support for Roaming Users: Extending the IEEE 802.21 Information Service
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Enhanced Mobility Support for Roaming Users:Extending the IEEE 802.21 Information Service
WWIC 2010Luleå, June 1-3, 2010
Karl Andersson*, Andrea G. Forte**, and Henning Schulzrinne**
* Luleå University of Technology, Sweden** Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Outline
Background
Motivation
The IEEE 802.21 Standard
Location-to-Service Translation Protocol (LoST)
Our Proposal
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
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BackgroundThe Internet
WiMAX
GPRS/UMTS
WLAN
WLAN
WLANWLAN
Bluetooth
Networks:New radio access networks being deployedHeterogeneous networking environment with multiple radio access networks involvedThe vision is ”Always best connected”
Devices:End-user devices with multiple radio access technologiesCommercial software radios soon to come
All IP networksEverything over IPIP over everything
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Motivation for the work
Information of interest toroaming users– List of available networks– Link Layer Information– Higher Layer Services
Goal: To automate the user’s decision process– using static information, such as cost– using information from other users on the network in that
particular geographic area
802.21 Information
Server
3GPPnetwork
WLANWiMAX
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The IEEE 802.21 Standard for Media-independent Handover Services
Media-independent handover (MIH) frameworkCovers handover initiation andpreparation, but not executionof handoversHost-controlled and network-controlled handoversMain services:– Event services (MIES)– Command services (MICS)– Information services (MIIS)
Interfaces defined by Service Access Points (SAPs)– MIH_SAP– MIH_LINK_SAP (linked to technology-specific primitives)– MIH_NET_SAP
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Media-independent Information services (MIIS)
Defines a set of information elements (IEs)– Structure– Representation
Defines a query-response-based mechanism for information retrievalInformation exchange handled through binary type-length-value (TLV) coded messagesComplex queries supported through the Resource Description Framework (RDF) query language SPARQL
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Information Elements (IEs) Types
General type, indicating– network type,– operator identifier, or– service-provider identifier
Access-network specific, providing specific information on
– Quality of Service (QoS),– security characteristics,– revisions of current
technology standards in use,
– cost, and– roaming partners
Point-of-Attachment (PoA)-specific information
– MAC address of the PoA,– PoA’s geographical
location,– data rates offered, and– channel information
Vendor-specific
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Location-to-Service-Translation Protocol (LoST)
Original purpose: Map location information into Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) representing Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) for emergency callingOffers great flexibilityA generalized Location-to-URL Mapping Architecture and Framework developedMethods for finding LoST servers describedOngoing work defines:– LoST extensions,– labels for common location-based services, and– a policy for defining new service-identifying labels
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Location-to-Service-Translation Protocol (LoST)
Distributed architectureRelies heavily on cachingXML-based protocol, messages carried in HTTP messagesLoST architecture consists of– Seekers– Resolvers– Forest guides– Authoritative Mapping Servers
<findService> the core query type
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Proposed Architecture
Combine– Location-to-Service Translation (LoST)– IEEE 802.21 Information Service
in a three-layer model offering– a regional scope,– a service provider scope, and– an evaluator scope
Collect information from users submitting reports containing information– coverage– quality of service parameters
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Typical Scenario
Client sends LoST <findService>request to the LoST resolverLoST server respondsClient queries chosen 802.21 IS server(s)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><findService xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:lost1" xmlns:p2="http://www.opengis.net/gml" serviceBoundary="value" recursive="true"> <location id="6020688f1ce1896d" profile="geodetic-
2d"> <p2:Circle srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326"> <p2:pos>37.775 -122.422</p2:pos> <p2:radius uom="urn:ogc:def:uom:EPSG::9001"> 200 </p2:radius> </p2:Circle> </location><service>urn:service:communication.internet.80221</
service></findService>
End node LoST resolverService provider 802.21 IS server
Evaluator802.21 IS server
findService query
findService response
MIH_Get_Information request
MIH_Get_Information response
MIH_Get_Information request
MIH_Get_Information response
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Contributing Information to the 802.21 IS Server
Selected users may submit reports at three levels– Reports on PoA– Reports containing QoS-related information– Error reports
Include the location of the user. Allow the server to estimate the location of the access points or base stations
<?xml version="1.0" ?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:m="http://script.tt.ltu.se/~karand/2010/01/draft-ohba802dot21-basic-schema-07.rdf#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#">
<m:NETWORK> <m:NETWORK_TYPE m:link_type="1" m:subtype="4" m:type_ext="7"
m:country_code="US" /> <m:OPERATOR_ID m:op_name="Verizon Wireless" m:op_name_space="1" /> <m:COST m:cost_unit="8" m:cost_value="25" m:cost_currency="USD" /> <m:QOS_LIST> <m:COS m:cos_id="1" m:cos_value="4" m:min_pk_tx_delay="100"
m:avg_pk_tx_delay="150" m:max_pk_tx_delay="200" m:pk_delay_jitter="15" m:pk_loss_rate="200"
/> </m:QOS_LIST> <m:IP_CONFIG m:ip_cfg_mthds="1" /></m:NETWORK><m:POA m:LINK_ADDR="c8:ed:0f:fe:43:78" m:LOCATION_CELL_ID="5432" /></rdf:RDF>
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Experiments and Results
Prototype– Implementation of IEEE 802.21 IS functionality in Python
3.0– Columbia University LoST reference implementation
Experiments– User traversing a few blocks on Manhattan
Results– 22 ms for multiple-location queries to 802.21 IS server
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Conclusions and Future Work
A generic solution– Allows for competition at all levels– Scales well
Improved quality and lower costs for end-usersNeed for scanning minimizedFuture work– Integration with software defined radio (SDR) -> “cellular
on demand”