ENGR 3126-Occupational Health Eng-Lecture 01c-Introduction
description
Transcript of ENGR 3126-Occupational Health Eng-Lecture 01c-Introduction
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(Adapted from: Philip Dirige, LU, 2015)
Eugene Ben-Awuah, PhDBharti School of Engineering
Laurentian University
Office: F211Tel: 705-675-1151 ext. 2195
Email: [email protected]
Occupational Health EngineeringENGR 3126
Lecture 01c Introduction
Occupational Health Engineering
Cross-Disciplinary Area Concerned with Protecting the Health and Welfare of People Engaged in Work
International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1950 and Subsequently in 1995:
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Occupational Health (OH)
Thestateofcompletephysical,mentalandsocialwellbeingandnotmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseandinfirmity(1946WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)).Thepromotionandmaintenanceofthehighestdegreeofphysical,mentalandsocialwellbeingofworkersinalloccupationsbypreventingdeparturesfromhealth,controllingrisksandtheadaptationofworktopeople,andpeopletotheirjobs(1950InternationalLabour Organization(ILO)/WHO). healthandsafetyisrelatedonlytophysicalconditionsand
risksintheworkplaceandsocouldnotbeconcernedwiththelengthofaworkingday.
Occupational Health (OH)In1998,theOccupationalHealthAdvisoryCommittee(OHAC),whichispartoftheHealthandSafetyExecutive(HSE)producedareportthatdescribedOHas: Theworkeffectonhealth,whetherthroughsuddeninjuryor
longtermexposuretoagentswithlatenteffectsonhealth,andthepreventionofoccupationaldiseasethroughtechniqueswhichincludehealthsurveillance,ergonomicsandeffectivehumanresourcemanagementsystems.
Goodoccupationalhealthpracticeshouldaddressthefitnessofthetaskfortheworker,notthefitnessoftheworkerforthetaskalone. Rehabilitationandrecoveryprograms. Helpingthedisabledtosecureandretainwork. Managingworkrelatedaspectsofillnessandhelpingworkers
tomakeinformedchoicesregardinglifestyleissues.
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Occupational Health Engineering
OccupationalHealthshouldaimat: Thepromotionandmaintenanceofthehighestdegreeof
physical,mental,andsocialwellbeingofworkersinalloccupations;
Thepreventionamongstworkersfromdeparturesfromhealthcausedbytheirworkingconditions;
Theprotectionofworkersintheiremploymentfromrisksresultingfromfactorsadversetohealth;
Theplacementandmaintenanceoftheworkerinanoccupationalenvironmentadaptedtohisphysiologicalandpsychologicalcapabilities;and,
Summarizingtheadaptationofworktomanandeachmantohisjob.
In Canada
Workers Covered by Federal or Provincial LabourCodesFederal Legislation (Canada Labour Code)
Mining, Transportation, and Federal Workers
All Others Are Covered by Provincial LegislationIn 1978, the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (www.ccohs.ca) was Created by Parliament
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Ontario Mining Industry
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31
19 18
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42
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6
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1 00
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10
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20
25
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SlipsandFallsofPerson
Unconsciousness/MedicalCondition
PowerHaulage/Transp.offsite
FallsofGround Falling,RollingorSlidingRockor
Material
Machinery HandlingMaterialManually
Num
bero
fRep
ortedIn
jurie
sFatal and Critical Injuries 2006 - July 2011
CriticalinjuriesFatalinjuries
Sources: Ontario Ministry of Labour, MIS, 2006- July 31, 2011.Workplace Safety North, Mining Group Fatality Database, as of July 31, 2011.
Top 7 incident categories
Traumatic Fatal Injury Rates per 100,000 FTE Workers by Industrial Sector
Industrial Sector 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 to 2010
Construction 11.4 6.8 4.6 8.6 8.3 7.9Education 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1Electrical 2.5 9.4 5.7 3.4 3.2 4.8Farm Safety 12.3 12.2 5.9 7.9 5.8 8.8Forestry 17.7 0.0 25.2 0.0 21.8 12.9Health Care 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4Industrial 1.0 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.9Mining 17.9 20.5 9.3 5.7 0.0 10.6Municipal 3.0 5.7 5.5 0.0 2.5 3.3Pulp & Paper 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.9Services 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5Transportation 8.0 9.6 9.3 7.9 7.0 8.4Total 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8
Source: WSIB EIW, as of August 31, 2011.
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Ontario Mining, Steel, Other Smelting & Refining Industries
WSIB Allowed Lost-time Injuries 2006 to 2010
CSA Incident Type # claims %Contact with objects and equipment 640 25.2%Falls 329 12.9%Bodily reaction and exertion 1,128 44.4%Exposures to harmful substances or environments 229 9.0%Transportation incidents 127 5.0%Fires and explosions 23 0.9%Other events or exposures/NA 67 2.6%Total 2,543 100.0%Source: WSIB EIW, as of August 31, 2011.
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International Mining and Quarrying Industry
2007 Fatal Injury Rates
26.8
4.7
27.0
11.0
5.1
14.4 12.8
70.6
25.0
7.8
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Argentia Australia Canada India Italy Norway Poland Sweden Turkey USA
Fatalin
jurie
sper
100,00
0workers
Source: International Labour Organization Statistics, 2011
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Mining and Mining and Occupational Occupational HealthHealth::The Beginnings The Beginnings Ancient TimesAncient Times
The history of occupational healthcan be traced into antiquity. Observations of increased rates of illnesses and mortality among miners date back to Greek and Roman times. In the 4th century BC, Hippocrates noted lead toxicity in the mining industry. In the second century AD, the Greek physician, Galen, recognized the hazardous exposures of copper miners to acid mists.
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Occupational Occupational HealthHealth::George George BauerBauer
15561556Georg Bauer (Agricola) publishes De re metallica (On the Nature of Metals), a discussion of the methods of mining, and the dangers and diseases of miners. The book included suggestions for mine ventilation and worker protection, discussed mining accidents, and described diseases associated with mining occupations such as silicosis.
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HISTORYOFWORKPLACEHEALTH&SAFETYLEGISLATIONANDINITIATIVESINONTARIO
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Occupational Health:Ramazzini and Ellenborg
1700Bernardini Ramazzini publishes
first edition of Diseases of Workers
1743Ulrich Ellenborg publishes a
pamphlet on occupational diseases and injuries among
gold miners
Top10ReasonsWhyYouNeedtoKnowHowtoManageOccupationalHealthandSafety
1. Itismandatedbylaw2. IgnoranceofOH&Sregulationsandmanagementcanbothhurtyou
andkillyou3. ItmakesgoodbusinesssensetomanageworkersinOH&S
effectively4. Asamanageryoumustmaintaincertainrightsandresponsibilities5. Itisajobrequirementformanagers6. Avoidanceoflitigation/lawsuits7. Itisconnectedtoallhumanresourcesaspectsoftheworkplace
(recruitment/retention/internalresponsibility/productivity/employeeengagement)
8. Toprotectacompanysreputation9. Tohelpavoidindustrialrelationsdisputes/grievances/work
stoppages10. Youaremorallyobligatedtoprotectyourworkers
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WhyOccupationalHealthandSafetyisnecessary:
Canada 1100workrelatedfatalities 1millionworkplaceinjuries $6.7billionindirectcosts $40billionestimatedtotalcosts(directandindirect)
Ontario 230workrelatedfatalities 355,000workplaceinjuries $2.9billionindirectcosts $17billionestimatedtotalcosts(directandindirect)
Source: 2007HumanResourcesandSocialDevelopmentCanadaReport(HistoricalSummaryofOccupationalAccidents&TheirCostsinCanada19962005)
GeneralOverviewofOccupationalHealthandSafetyManagementinCanada
FEDERAL(CanadaLabour Code)
InterprovincialTrucking
Railways
Airports&Airlines
BankingInstitutions
RadioandTelevision
Telecommunications
FederalPublicService(10%oftotal workplaces)
PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL(OHSA)
Construction
Industrial
Mining
Allothernonfederalsectors(90%oftotalworkplaces)
14TotalJurisdictionsforOH&SinCanada:
10Provinces3Territories1Federal
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3ComponentsofWorkplaceSafetyManagement
Systems
RegulatorySystems
TechnicalSystems
TheinternalresponsibilitysystemoutlinedintheOccupationalHealthandSafetyActestablishesclearrolesandaccountabilityforworkplacepartieswithdirectandcontributoryresponsibilityforhealthandsafety.
InternalResponsibilitySystem
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CONTRIBUTORYRESPONSIBILITY
INTERNAL
DIRECTRESPONSIBILITY
CONTRIBUTORYRESPONSIBILITY
EXTERNAL
JOINTHEALTH&SAFETYCOMMITTEES
SAFETYDEPARTMENTS
ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENTS
PURCHASINGDEPARTMENTS WORKER
SUPERVISOR
MANAGER
PRESIDENT UNIONS
SAFETYASSOCIATIONS
SUPPLIERS
WSIB
MinistryofLabour
InternalResponsibilitySystem
EMPLOYER SUPERVISOR WORKER
CreateandpostaworkplaceHealthandSafetyPolicy
Makesurethatworkersobey alllawsandregulations
Obeythelaw
Providenecessarytrainingforworkers/supervisors
Provideinstructionandensurethatworkersfollowallrules
Worksafelyanddontfoolaround.Followinstructionsgivenduringtraining
Providesafeequipmentandprotectivedevices
EnsurethatworkerswearandusePPEeffectively
Useandwearanyrequiredsafetyequipment
Providecompetentsupervision
Makesurethatworkersworksafelyatalltimes
Usemachinesandequipmentsafely
Informworkersandsupervisorsaboutworkplace hazards
Informworkersaboutallhazardsassociatedwiththeirjobs
Reportworkhazardstothesupervisor
ResponsibilitiesUndertheOccupationalHealthandSafetyAct(WorkSmart Campus,Module#2(SafetyRules)(p.22)) (www.worksmartcampus.ca)
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WORKERSRIGHTSUNDEROCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYLEGISLATION
Therighttoknow(jobtraining,safetytraining)Therighttoparticipate(WorkerHealthandSafetyRepresentatives,)Therighttorefusetopartakeindangerouswork
Therighttorefusetopartakeindangerousworkrequiresknowledgeofprimaryhealthandsafetyissuesforvariousworksectors:
1. Forestry2. HealthCare..3. Police/Fire/Security.4. PublicInstitutions5. Automotive..6. Education.7. Service/Retail..8. Manufacturing9. Construction10. Mining11. Petrochemical.
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Weneedtounderstandbasichumansystems
andhowsomehazardoussubstancespresentinworkingenvironmentsmayaffectthem.
Depression of System Brain Poisoning
Oxygen Depravation to
Brain
Nerve Function Disorders
Acetates Carbon Disulphide Asphyxiating Gases (CO2)
Organo-Phosphate Pesticides
Alcohols Hydrogen Cyanide CO Heavy Metals
Bromated Chemicals Hydrogen Sulphide Aresenic
Chlorinated Chemicals
Stibine Hg
Ethers Pb
Ketones Mn
TheBrainisPartoftheCentralNervousSystem
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Thehazardsaremanyandvaried
andknowledgeofprovenwaysinwhichengineeringcanmitigatetherisksneedstobegained
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Theacceptableexposurelevelstosuchhazardsmustbeunderstood
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
TLV-TWA, TLV-STEL, TLV-CUpdated Annually by the ACGIH and Should Only be
Considered RecommendationsIncludes Chemical and Physical AgentsChemical Agents
Dust or GasPhysical Agents
Heat, Noise, and Radiation
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs):
theconceptsandterminologyofriskmanagementmustbecomprehended
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andhazardandriskmanagementsystemsshouldbevalued,toreduceriskofaccidentsandchronichealthissuesforworkers.
ENGR 3126EL Occupational Health Engineering