English Tips UnEncrypted

Tip English

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02 /36

I) VERB RULES, STRUCTURES AND EXPRESSIONS

a) Verb usage

i) Simple PresentRule Example Explanation

When it is true all the timeuse

The Sun rises in the East It is true always

When it is permanent I live in London "live" is true all the timeWhen it is routine I go by bus to work everyday you go to work by

busWhen it is of geographicallocation

Delhi lies on the RiverYamuna

When it is emotions, senses It tastes goodI love this movie

It is tasting good-is wrongI am loving this movie-iswrong

ii) Present continuousRule Example Explanation

When the action is Temporary I am going by bus only till my car getsfixed

When it is for changes or current trends

iii) Simple PastWhen it was long term in the past I lived in the countryside when I was a child -

this is a long-term situation in the past.

If you are explaining something that is always continuing or true even it was told in thepast

use simple present to that part.

Example The professor told us that Jupiter was the largestplanet–incorrectThe professor told us that Jupiter is the largestplanet-correct

iii) Past Continuous -ing formRule Example Explanation

When it was Temporary orcontinuing

When I was living in London,I often went to thetheatreWhen I lived in London,I worked with them

TemporaryLongtime

When past simple & pastcontinuousAre combined

When he got home, the children were playing inthe garden

To give description The girl was wearing a yellow dressShe was eating ice-cream and was watchingtelevision

To make polite requests I was wondering if you had time to see meI was hoping we could discuss a pay rise

iv) Present Perfect or Simple PastDepends on whether the event is still connected with the past, or it is completed.

When you use past, you mean the event as finished in the past, mostly used along with timeeg., in 1997, this morning, last night, etc.,

With Present Perfect, you mean the event started in past, but still connected with presenteg., I have lived here for 2 years. (you started living before 2 years and still continue

living there)

Announcing news: I have passed the examExperience: I have been to Singapore

Have you ever been to Singapore?Recent past: I have just finished the report

I have not finished yet.We often use, yet, still, just, recently with this type of sentences

If you are reporting something told by somebody in past tense.

Tip English


Jack said, "My wife went with me yesterday" ! Jack said his wife had gone with him theweek before.

Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?" ! Dave asked me where I had gone theprevious weekend

He said, "I have visted London twice." ! He said he had visited London twice.He said, "I had already eaten." ! He said he had already eaten.He said, "I must give Ken a call." ! He said he had to give Ken a call.Jack said, "He must be guilty!" ! Jack said he must have been guilty.

vi) Present Perfect Continuous : Similar to Present Continuous; Temporary situations, Unfinished situations, Repeated & continuous actions

viii) Future

For predictions - will, going toeg., I think the Labour party will lose the next election I think the Labour party are going to lose the next election.

If the prediction is based on current event use going toeg., I think you are going to hit a car, if you drive like this.

For plans and arrangements - going to with the verb (or) present continuouseg., I am going to take my exams next month. He is visiting a client on Thursday

Unplanned future - If the decision is based on current speakingeg., The phone is ringing, I will answer it

Schedules - Present Simple tenseeg., The plane leaves at 7.00 'o clockeg., I leave to India next week.

This time in future - use will be doingeg., Next week this time, I will be in London

finished events in future - will have doneeg., Tomorrow evening I will have done with this document

viii) Connecting different times

Past perfect Use to express an activity that happened before another past activitypast perfect past tense

eg., The movie had begun when we arrived I had already left when he calledHe had studied law before he met her

he studied law before he met her, but we don't know when.

Present Perfect present perfecteg., I have lived here for two years

I started to live here two years ago and I still live here.

Future perfect eg., I will have finished the report before next week some time before next week, but I don't know when.

b) Verbs that will take infinitive form(to …) in complement

Agree Ask decide expecthesitate

learn need prepare refusethreaten

Appear Claim demand fail hope manage offer pretend seem waitArrange Consent

deserve

forget intend mean plan promise tend want

Example : Subject Verb Complement Object

Tip English


I agree to what you sayI decided to go tomorrowHe was expected to be here yesterday

c) Verbs that will take --ing form in complement

AdmitComplete

deny finish miss Recall suggest tolerate

Appreciate

Consider

discuss

keeppostpone

Riskrecommend

understand

Avoid Delay enjoy mention quit Stop regret forbid can take -ing orinfinitive

Example :- Subject Verb Complement ObjectHe admits steeling the carHe considered not goingHe enjoys drinking coffee.

d) Verb phrases that will take --ing form in complement

Approve of Be betteroff

can'thelp

think of Insist on objectto

keepon

do notmind

forgetabout

Get through count on thinkabout

Look forwardto

e) Advise : had better

Had better is an idiomatic phrase meaning “ought to, must”.

Correct forms You had better take Chemistry 600 this semesterYou had better not take less than 600 in Chemistrythis semester

Though had is a past form, it refers to future time in this pattern.

Incorrect forms You had better to take Chemistry 600 this semesterYou had better not took less than 600 in Chemistry this

semesterYou had better not taken less than 600 in Chemistry this

semesterYou had better do not take less than 600 in Chemistry this

semester

avoid using, infinitive, or a past form of verb instead of verb. avoid using, don't instead of not

f) Invitation and Customs : would and Do

For invitation use WOULD, + infintive Would you like to watch television now?For customs use Do Do you watch television at home every day?

g) Preferences: would rather

Tip English


1st form: would rather + verbI would rather drive.

avoid using an infintive or an -ing instead of verb drive.

2nd form: would rather + that + past I would rather that you drove

avoid using present verb instead of past.avoid using should and a verb word

3rd form : would rather + that + did not + verbI would rather that you did not drive. avoid using don't or does not instead of did not.

h) Unfulfilled desires of the past: had hoped

1st Form : had hoped + that + subject + would + verbWe had hoped that she would change her mind

avoid omitting would

We had hoped her changing her mind incorrect

2nd form : Subject WISH THAT Subject had/could have/would have participleI wish that you had called yesterdayI wish that you could have called

yesterdayI wish that you would have called

yesterdayThough WISH is present, this pattern refers to desires in the past

3rd form : WISH custom/futureSubject WISH THAT Subject past verb/could + verb/would verbI wish that you called every dayI wish that you could call tomorrowI wish that you would call tomorrow

avoid using will instead of would

i) Contrary to fact statements & Wishes Wish & were

1st form: Present wishes are expressed in the past tenseWISH that perfect

Ralph wishes that he had $1000 (but he does not)I wish that I joined (but I did not)

2ndt form: Use were in present wishes for to be.Subject WISH that Subject wereI wish that the party was on Friday incorrectI wish that the party were on Friday correct

avoid changing were to agree with the subjectHe has often wished that he were older

3rd form : Past wishes are expressed in the past perfectSubject WISH that Subject past perfectSita wishes that she had studied more English before arriving

in the US.Kathy and Bob wish that they had gotten married before she went to Europe.

If Subject wereIf the party were on Friday, we could go

avoid changing were to agree with the subject

j) Past custom: used to/am used to

I used to live in this town - correct

Tip English


I + BE + VERB + -ing

I am used to live in this town - incorrect ! I am used to living in this town -correct

k) Verb subject pattern

negative auxiliary Subject VerbNever have I seen so much snow

avoid using I before auxiliaryl) Conditions: if

1ST form: If + present form + present formIf you heat ice , it melts - here heat and melts are present tense

In this type of sentence WHEN can replace if

2nd form: If + present form + will, can or mayIf it rains, it will be slippery.

3rd form: If + past form + would, could, or mightIf I got a pay rise, I would buy a new car.

4th form: If + past perfect + would/might/could have + participleIf I had revised, I would have passed my exams

first part - did not happen

m) Impersonal expressions: it is

1st form: It is adjective infinitiveIt is important to verif the data

essential/imperative/necessary

2nd form: It is adjective that Subject verb wordIt is important that the data be verified

avoid using a present verb of a verb word

n) Subjunctives Verbs: ask/advise/demand/prefer/recommend/require/suggest/insist/urgebe necessary/be required/ be essential/be important

1st form: Subject Verb that Subject verb wordI prefer that I speak to him pesonally.

avoid using past or present form of verbwordThe doctor recommended that she have surgery I suggested that he be ready on timeShe asked that that all employees attend the meetingThe doctor advised that I go on a dietThe restaurant suggested that We arrive on time for our

reservationIt is important that money be collected for the event.

2nd form: noun that Subject verb wordThe recommendation that we be evaluated was approved.

requirement avoid using a present or past verb suggestion

o) Affirmative agreement : and/so

1st form: Subject BE/VERB , AND SO BE/DO SUBJECT

Tip English


They were surprised, and so were weMy wife talked to them, and so did I

avoid also

2nd form: Subject BE/VERB , AND Subject BE/DO SOThey were surprised, and we were soMy wife talked to them, and I did so

avoid be instead of do

p) Causatives get/let/help/make/had

1st form: Subject HAVE someone verb wordMy English teacher had us give oral reports

avoid infintive or -ing

2nd form: Subject MAKE someone verb wordMy English teacher made us take his assignment.

avoid infinitive or -ing3rd form: Subject HAVE something participle

I want to have this book renewed, pleaseavoid infinitive or ing

4th form: LET someone verb wordPlease Let me explore this

avoid infinitive or -ing

Verb Verb -ing to + verb ParticipleGET Y N N YLET Y N N NHELP Y Y Y NMake/made Y N N NHave/had

Followed by

Y N N Y

q) Negative agreement

1st form: Subject have/ participle/ and neither have/ Subjectdo/be -ing form do/bewill not will

My roommate won't go, and neither will Iavoid I will

2nd form: Subject have/ participle/ and Subject have/ eitherdo/be -ing form do/bewill not will not

My roommate won't go, and I will not either

Please don't tell anyone. avoid using infinitiveWould you please not tell anyone, avoid using infinitive; avoid using don't insteadof not

r) Adjectives & Adverbs Remember(f,l,s,s,t)

Other than the below 5 senses, when something modifies a verb use adverb else use adjective

I run well. here run is verb well is adverbI am good. here am is not verb so use good.

Senses like feel; look, seem, smell, taste take Adjective not Adverb

eg., I feel badly is wrong - ly adverb

Tip English


I feel bad

If it is health related good with feel is ok.s) Logical Conclusions: must

a) Must be + -ingb) Events that repeat ! Must + verb (no -ing)c) Events in the past ! must have + participle

t) Pronouns

Possessivepronouns

Subject pronouns Object pronouns Relativepronoun

My -ourYour -yourher, his, its -their

I - weyou - youshe, he, it - they

me - usyou - youher, him, it - them

This/It is heavoid using objectpronoun after the verbBE

Preposition with object pronoun

among, of, between, to , for,with, fromAvoid using subject pronounafter preposition

u) Usage of article The

THE will not come before God’s names, Sport’s names, Subject Names, Holiday names,

People’s names, Titles, Planet Names, Countries with one word Names

Names of small bodies water like Lake and Pond, single mountain names,

the following words(Abstract noun)Patience, Knowledge, self-confidence, Humility

Cardinal Numbers like One, Two, Three

Specific names of institutions Smith college

THE will come beforeONE and ONLY in the world like The world, The sun, The moon, The

Himalayas, The Bible, The Gita

Names of large bodies of water The Indian Ocean, The PacificNames of Mountain ranges The Himalayas

Ordinal Numbers like the first, the second, the third

Plural family names like, The Smiths

Plural Nationality like The Chinese, The French,

Famous Documents or books The Constitution

Government/Political units The University of Nebraska

Superlatives The best, The quickest

Tip English


v) Comparatives

" Don’t compare Apples and oranges. Compare a person to person; person’s talent with anotherperson’s talent; a group with a group; a place to a place; one quality to another quality.

" When comparing 2 things/persons use Comparative degree, instead of Superlative degree.eg., Ramu is the most intelligent than Ravi. – incorrect

Ramu is more intelligent than Ravi - correct

1st form: Verb the same asI believe that this coat is the same as that oneavoid using to, that, or like instead of as

2nd form: multiple nos as much/many asFresh fruit costs twice as much as canned fruitWe have half as many as we need

avoid using more instead of as much as

3rd form: different from thatFootball in the US is different from that of other countries

avoid using than instead of from

4rd form: distingush between X and YDistinguish between rice and wheat

avoid using from instead of and

5th form: Compare A to B - for similaritiesCompare A with B - for differences

6th form: not … but rather

Note: little, less, the least

Tip English


w) Count and Non count Nouns

i) Singular countable nouns WILL HAVE DETERMINERS (a, an, the, some, Murali's, 1, 2, 3) before it

Plural countable nouns are usually NOT preceded by DETERMINERS in general statements like! Musicians must practice a great deal! Newspapers contain a lot of information

Plural countable nouns are followed by The, when referring! to something that has been referred before! to something that is very obvious

like; The stars are shining brightlyThe children are put to bed.

! before nationality(that ends with ch, sh, z); The French! refer a group of people as a class. The blind; The rich! Plural names and plural place names

The Smiths are living in this house.I know the Harrsions for yearsThe United States, The British Isles, The Himalayas

ii) Non countable noun will not have determiners in general Statements like ! Butter is flattening! Courage and honesty are admirable qualities

Non countable nouns are followed by The, when referring

! to something that has been referred beforeeg., We were served bread and cheese. The bread was

tasty.! to something that is very obvious

like; The weather , which means the local weatherThe butter is hard, which means the butter inside

referigeratorThe music means, the music that is playing

! The + non count noun + of ……………… (qualifying phrase)! The + non count nound + which

vi) ALL + non count noun is followed by singular verbALL + ART + is + good

vii) SOME OF THE + count noun is followed by singular/plural verb accordinglySOME OF THE + non count noun is followed by singular verb

viii) Much will be used for non countable nouns and it is singular

viii) See this link http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch15.html and also http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners_printout.htm

http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch15.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners_printout.htm

Tip English


II TO REMEMBER

English Prepositions

i) IN

spaces : in a room / in a building / in a garden / in a park

bodies of water : in the water / in the sea / in a river

lines : in a row / in a line / in a queue

Time/Season : in a century There have been many inventions in the twentieth centuryin a year She left school in 1987in a month He's leaving in Januaryin a season We usually go on holiday in summerin a part of the day I'm leaving in the morning, not in the evening,

BUT at nightin the twenties future period in a few weeks/ in a couple of days

Country / state / city : in India, in TN, in Madras

during or in is used to say when something happensMuslims fast during / in RamadanIt rained during / in the night

for is used to say how long something takesShe played tennis for an hour

mood : in doubt; in a hurry; in secret; in anger

member of : in that club; in the orchestra; in the navey; in that class

ii) ON

surfaces: : on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor / on the table

small islands: : I stayed on Maui.

directions: : on the left /on the right / straight on

time : on a day The appointment is on Monday.on a date I'm leaving on 12 December.on a streetspecific calendar days on Christmas day/ on October 22ndon the weekend (American)

iii) AT

Tip English


specific places at the bus-stop /at the door /at the cinema /at the end of the street /atwork/ at homeexact addresses at 3711 Faulkner dr

places on a page at the top of the page /at the bottom of the page

groups of people at the back of the class /at the front of the class

for Christmas/Easter Christians celebrate at Christmas and at Easter.

Time at the weekend I play tennis at the weekend. (British)at night I go to sleep at night.at a time The appointment is at four o'clock in the afternoon."

phone no at 555-7234

condition at piece, at war; at rest

activity at play; at work

toward look at someone; wave at some one

ii) Place

Above (higher than) Look at the clock above the mantelpieceUnder or underneath he keys are under the mat.Beneath old fashioned word to mean under)Below (lower than) he chart below shows the annual figures.

It was below freezing last night.Next to A is next to B in the alphabet.between B is between A and C in the alphabet.opposite The bank is opposite the supermarket. If you walk outside the bank,you can see the supermarket in front of you, on the other side of the road.across Walk across the road, to the other side.round / around It's round the corner - you can't see it from here.

Note : We say 'in the corner of a room',but 'at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street'

We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car but We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups of

people but We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper

Don’tsDon’t use ON before exact address; like ON 511 SURFSIDE DR, #121 - Use at

insteadDon’t use AT before addresses that don’t have numbers - Use ON

instead

iv) Transport

on a train, a bus, a plane, a bicycleget on / off a train / a bus / a plane / a bikein a carget in / out of a cargo by car / train / plane / busgo on foot

Very useful site: http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch26.html

Tip English


II) Sentence Rules

Rule 1 : words like can, could, may, might, will, would

are not followed by to ! they are followed by - ing formI will go to shopping - incorrect ! I will go shopping - correct

Rule 2 : a lot of / lots ofThere are lot of people - incorrect ! There are a lot of people - correctThere are a lots of people - incorrect ! There are lots of people - correct

Rule 3 : Convince and persuade convince is followed by that ! persuade is followed by to

Rule 4 :

prevented him from going - correctprevented his going - correct

Rule 5 : prohibit &forbid

prohibited from doing ! forbidden to

Rule 6 : THAT + ………….+ presentThat she will win is almost certain

Rule 7 : between/amongBetween - between two ! Among - three or more

Rule 8 : Despite/In spite of/AlthoughDespite - is followed by noun/pronoun/gerund. Despite is not followed by “of” In spite of - is followed by noun/pronoun/gerund. Although - is followed by verb.

Rule 9 : historic & historicalIf something has a place in history, it is historicIf something has to do with the subject of history it is historical

Rule 10 : ought/ought to

ought - negativeought to - positive

Rule 11 : each other/oneanother

Tip English


Use each …other when two people or things are involvedUse one… another when more than two people or things are involved.

each another and one other are bad and incorrect forms of this phrase

Rule 12 : blame

blame in verb form (like blamed) should be followed by for not ONIf you use blame as noun ON is ok

Rule 13 :

Ramu has proposed both to Sita and Ramya - incorrectRamu has proposed both to Sita and to Ramya - correct

Rule 14 : haveto/had to

had to is past form of have to / must

Rule 15 : tell & saytell Complement

He tells us how to do it

sayHe says that how to do it

Rule 16 : few/little/many/much

few and many will come before count nouns (books, friends, classes, dollars,programs, seats)

little and much will come before non-count nouns (advice, information, hair, money,homework, news)

Only a few dollars - correct ! Only few dollars -incorrect

Avoid using few instead of a few

Only a little homework - correct ! Only little home work -incorrect

Avoid using little instead of a little

When the question is How many ? use few ! When the question is How much ? use little

Rule 17 : Some andAny

Any is used in questions for both count and uncountable - Do you have any milk in the refrigerator?Any is used in negative sentences - He does not have any friends.

Some is used in answers - Yes there is some milk left.Some is used in positive sentences - He has some friends.

Some is used in offering/request kind of questions - Would you like to have somecoffee?

Rule 18 : Rise &Raisea) Rise can not take an object rise rose risenb) Raise must have an object raise raised raised

Complement/ObjectHe rises when the sun is upThe raised the water level

Tip English


Rule 19 : lie& laya) lie won’t take an object lie lay lainb) lay must have an object lay laid laid

Rule 20 : to/for

a) for + nounb) to + verb

He moved to Newyork for getting a better job - incorrectHe moved to Newyork for a better job - correctorHe moved to Newyork to get a better job - correct

Rule 21 : singular/plural

Following are singular

anyone anything each either everyone everything neitherno one nothing what whatever whoever her his its

Collective nouns are singular like;

audience class majority series faculty committee orchestrastaff band family grouop chorus public varietypoliceprose

For these words use its. Don’t use theirs

Phrases separated by and are plural, phrases separated by or are singular

NONE can be singular or pluraleg., If it means, none of it - singulareg., If it means, none of them - plural

One of theIf that or who follows this, it is pluraleg., One of Authors says it is best - singulareg., He is one of the authors who say it is best - plural

Neither/Either are singular when they appear with out their kick backs (nor, or)eg., Either of the students is goodeg., Neither of the students passed

When Neither/Either is used with correlative conjunctions (NOR, OR), the subject that is closerto the verb determines the number(singular are plural)

eg., Either the students or the teacher is telling the truth.eg., Either the teacher or the students are telling the truth.

eg., Has either the president or his aides in touch with you Have either the aides or the president in touch with you

Singular subjects separated by comma are singular like accompanied by, in addition to

eg., Ram, accompanied by his student, was at the conference.eg., Ram, as well as Kumar , is good boy

A pair of is singularJeans are fashionable - pluralA pair of jeans is expensive. - singular

ii) These words are plural ! few, people, the rest, the staff, cattle

Tip English


Rule 22 : ratherthan/instead of

These two are not replaceable with each other.

Rather than is followed by base form the verb. It is not followed by infinitive or gerunde.g., I decided to skip lunch rather than eat in the cafeteria again - correct

I decided to skip lunch rather than to eat in the cafeteria again - incorrectI decided to skip lunch rather than eating in the cafeteria again - incorrect

If you need to use –ing use Instead of. If the purpose is to select between two thingsuse instead of.

“Sooner than” is equivalent of “rather than”

Rule 23 : which/that

" That is used with out comma. Which is preceded by comma.

" Which is removed won’t alter the sentence much.

That is essential in the sentence.E.g., The clause which is hard to follow does not indicate which text is being

complained about.Removing which will still convey the meaning that the phrase the textbookrefers to the text in Chemistry 101.

" That is used when it identifies a person or thing it refers about, like,The house that Ram built has been torn down - that identifies the

house.

" Which is used when something is already identified and it gives some additional informationon itThe students in Chemistry 101 have been complaining about the textbook, which is

hard to follow.

" If the essential clause starts with that, those, this, these, use which to connectThose ideas, which were discussed on Tuesday, will be put in the minutes-of-meeting.

Rule 25 : meet/see

Meet is used when it is FIRST timeSee is used from there onwards

Rule 24 : hyphenate

Numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine are hyphenatedCompound color adjectives are hyphentated a red-gold sunset, a cherry-red sweaterWhen the element following a prefix is capitalized (anti-American) or when the elementpreceding a suffix is a proper noun( America-like)

Rule 25 : command over/command ofHe has good command over people who work under him - correct

He has good command over English language - incorrectHe has good command of English language - correct

Rule 25 : Idioms

Avoid these errors Prefer these idioms Avoid these errors Prefer these idiomsAccede on, by Accede to Hope something Hope for something

Hope to dosomething

Tip English


According According to Identical to Identical withAfter now on From now on In Contrast of In Contrast withAnxious of Anxious about In opinion Of the opinionApprove for Approve of In the habit to In the habit ofAshamed with Ashamed of Incapable to Incapable ofAt the near future In the near future Independent from Independent ofBored of Bored with Inferior with Inferior toCapable to Capable of Knowledge on Knowledge ofCompete together Compete with Near to Near ; next toComposed from Composed of On conflict In conflictConcerned of Concerned with Opposite over OppositeConform with Conform to Prohibits sb to do Prohibits sb from

doingCongratulate for Congratulate on Related with Related toConscious for Conscious of Respect of Respect forConsidered to be Considered Similar as Similar toDiscourage sb to do Discourage sb from

doingSo …that to So as to

Effects in Effects on Substitute… to Substitute … forEqual as Equal to Such …like Such… asEver since Since Surprised at Surprised byExcepting for Except for up until UntilExchange with Exchange for With regard of With regard toFrown to Frown onGlance Glance at/through

Rule 26 : Prepositionwith Verbs

Verb Example Verb ExampleAccuse sb ofsth

He accused her of stealing Listen to sb The students listened to theirteacher

Agree withsb/sthAgree to dosth Agree on sth

I agree with you.She agreed to wait for himWe have agreed on all the majorpoints.

Look at sthLook for sth/sb

Look after sb

Look at that view - it'swonderfulI can’t find my book – will youlook for it?I need to take a day off to lookafter my mother?

Apply for I'm going to apply for a newjob.

Pay sb for sth Can you pay me for the shoppinglater?

Apologize forsth

She apologized for being late. Prefer sth to sth I prefer coffee to tea

Ask sb to dosthAsk sb for sth

She asked him to do theshopping for herShe asked her boss for a dayoff

Protect sb fromsth

A scarf will protect you fromthe cold

Believe in I believe in hard work Provide sb withsth

The state provides low-incomefamilies with affordable housing

Belong to This pen belongs to me Regard sb as She regarded her sister as herbest friend

Blame sb fordoing sth

He blamed her for driving toofast

Rely on sb/sth Can I rely on you to get theshopping?

Blame sth onsb

He blamed the accident on her Search sb/sth for The police searched the buildingfor bombs

Borrow sthfrom sb

He borrowed some money from thebank

Spend money/timeon

I spent all my money on books asa student

Care about sth

Care for sb

I don't care about the money -it's the principle that mattersShe really cares for her

Think aboutsb/sth

I think about you all the timeThey thought about the problemand found a solution

Tip English


grandmother.Take care ofsb/sth

Please take care of yourself onholiday

Think about/ofdoing sth

I'm thinking about / of buying anew car

Complain to sbabout sth

He complained to the managerabout the bad customer service

Think of sth I've just thought of a new idea.

Concentrate onsth

The student concentrated on herhomework

Translate fromsth into sth else

Don't translate from Englishinto your own language all thetime

Congratulatesb on doingsth

Her father congratulated her onpassing her exam

Wait for sb I waited an hour for him, thenwent home

Consist of sth The department consists of fivepeople

Warn sb about The doctor warned her about thedangers of smoking

explain sth tosb

The manager explained the newsystem to the staff

Depend on sb She depended on her friends.

Rule 27 : Incorrects forms and correctforms

Incorrect CorrectA good person does not boast for his victory A good person does not boast of his

victoryA group of people were standing on the road A group of people was standing on the roadA pen is mightier than a sword The pen is mightier than a swordA rolling stone gather no mass A rolling stone gather no mossAll of my brothers live in India All My brothers live in IndiaAlmighty is merciful The Almighty is merciflAntony declared his love for Cleopatra Antony declared his love to CleopatraAnxious to go Anxious about goingAnyways, Basicaly Anyway, BasicallyAs far as As far as … is concernedAs of yet As yetAs soon as I will find an apartment As soon as I find an apartmentCharles was crowned as King of France Charles was crowned King of FranceCitizens obey to the law Citizens obey the lawCows feed with grass Cows feed on grassDon’t get panic Don’t panicEach and everyone EveryoneEarly rising is good for health Early rising is good to healthEveryone should show their tickets Everyone should show his ticketsFive Kilometers are a great distance to walk Five kilometers is a great distance to

walkFrom tomorrow onwards, we shall do homework From tomorrow, we shall do homeworkGive attention to your work Pay attention to your workgood in heart Good at heart

Tip English


He acted with my suggestion He acted upon my suggestionHe arrived early so that to get a seat He arrived early so as to get a seatHe called in me yesterday He called on me yesterdayHe has been appointed as a peon He has been appointed a peonHe is a coward boy He is a cowardly boyHe is authority for Indian philosophy He is authority on Indian philosophyHe is elder to me He is elder than meHe is in night duty He is on night dutyHe is relation to me He is relation of meHe is taller than me He is taller than IHe observed a fast He fastedHe wants to take photograph with me He wants to photographed with meHe was operated for ulcers He was operated upon ulcersHis grand father is died His grand father has died.How long can you walk in 3 hours How far can you walk in 3 hoursHow long was the statement true How far was the statement trueI know to drive I know drivingI am disgusted of city life I am disgusted with city lifeI am pleased in accepting your offer I am pleased to accept your offerI am quickly cured from cold I am quickly cured of coldI arrived Madras on July 27th I arrived Madras on July the twenty-

seventhI believe in you I believe youI bought this table in an auction I bought this table at an auctionI congratulate for your achievement I congratulate on your achievementI consider him as a fool I consider him a foolI got a prize in lottery I got a prize in a lotteryI have an urgent business I have some urgent businessI have applied for the post of a typist I have applied for the post of typistI have been awaithng for you I have been awaiting youI have done many goods to the people I have done many good deeds to the peopleI have no issues I have no issueI have no liking to cards I have no liking for cardsI have no prejudice regardingyou I have no prejudice against youI have ordered for a Dosa I have ordered a DosaI have used all my leaves. I have used all my leaveI heard this news from a friend I heard this news through a friendI hope you will succeed at your task I hope you will succeed in your taskI invested on share marked I invested in share marketI left smoking I gave up smokingI must send reply for your letter I must spend reply to your letterI prayed to God I prayed to the GodI prefer a serous play than humorous one I prefer a serious play to a humorous oneI request you to kindly grant me leave for I request you kidly grant me leave forI shall attend the function without failure I shall attend the function without failI want to drink a tender coconut I want to drink some tender coconutI was surprised by your behaviour I was surprised at your behaviourI will join with you I will join youI will speak with my son about this. I will speak to my son about thisI will think on the matter I will think about the matterI wish that my desire will fulfill I wish that my desire will be fulfilledI work 5 hours in a day I work 5 hours a dayI would appreciate if I would appreciate it ifI write with Indian ink I write in Indian inkIn the two subjects I am studying, I findEconomics the easiest

In the two subjects I am studying, I findEconomics the easier

Is your going to Madras depend upon money Does your going to madrasIt is easy to find fault in others It is easy to find fault with othersIt is of no use doing this It is no use doing thisIt is years since I seen him It is years since I saw himKindly bear on me for the delay Kindly bear with me for the delayLeela promised to come on today Leela promised to come todayLet us go to office Let us go to the officeMagics magicMary is the tallest of the two girls Mary is the taller of the two girlsMoney should go to the needful Money should go to the needyMy brother has cut the finger My brother has cut his car

Tip English


My brother returned quick My brother returned quicklyMy classmate accused me for cheating him. My classmate accused me of cheating himMy daughter is fond to play My daughter is fond of playingMy father gave me good advices My father gave me good adviceMy father has been discussing about the matter My father has been discussing the matterMy father was angry against me My father was angry with meMy friend is a man of helpful nature My friend is a man of helping natureMy mother spoke loudly in the house My mother spoke aloud in the houseMy teach gave me many good advices My teacher gave me much good adviceOil is good to burns Oil is good for burnsOur team won over the Kerala team Our team defeated the Kerala teamOur travel to Delhi was tedious Our journey to Delhi was tediouOut of seven questions, I attended two Out of seven questions, I attempted twoRahim is a cheater Rahim is a cheatSceneries ScenerySeveral of my clothing has been damaged Some of my clothing has been damagedShe is a virtuous woman She is a woman of virtuesShe is a voluminous writer She is a prolific writerShe is accomplished with music She is accomplished in musicShe is afflicted by cancer She is afflicted with cancerShe is allergic for sweets She is allergic to sweetsShe pretends as a rich woman She pretends to be a rich womanShe stick to nothing She stick at nothingShe told him to leave at 10 pm She told him that he should leave at 10pmShe was impressed by my speech She was impressed with my speechSita married to my brother Sita married my brotherSmoke spreaded Smoke spreadStaffs StaffThe car was going with high speed The car was going at high speedThe cattle is grazing in the field The cattle are grazing in the fieldThe charity begins at home Charity begins at homeThe cost of this pen is $1 The price of this pen is $1The dog barked on the thief The dog barked at the thiefThe Earthquake caused many damages The earthquake caused much damageThe Everst is a tall peak The Eversest is a high peakThe factory bought some new machineries The factory bought some new machinesThe fruit tastes bitterly The fruit tastes bitterThe lawyer did not come yet The lawyer has not come yetThe man is a social animal Man is a social animalThe man should love the nature Man should love natureThe nation admired at his courage The nation admired his courageThe news spreaded throught the world The news spread through out the wourldThe officer has sent words to me The officer has sent word to meThe owood cutter felled the tree by a sharp axe The wood cutter flled the tree with a

sharp axeThe patient was operated in for cancer The patient was operated on for cancerThe police were searching the missing thief The police were searching for the missing

thiefThe population of Banalore is more than Mysore The population of Bangalaore is more than

of MhsoreThe price depends upon the quality The price depends on the qualityThe reason why I hate him because he is a rogue The reason why I hate him is that he is a

rogueThe river flows below the bridge The fiver flows under the brdigeThe scissor belong to me The scissors belong to meThe sun ripened the fruit The sun has ripened the fruitThe tabel’s leg is broken The leg of the table is brokenThe tea is very strongly The tea is very strongThe trouser is new The trousers are newTher is a large number of students here The are a large number of studnts hereTher is no place in this compartment There is no room in this comparmentThere is no solution for this problem There is no solution to this problemThere is no use to cry over spoilt milk There is no use crying over spoilt milkThese candidates have appeared in the exam These candidated have appeared for the

examThese things are belong to me These things belong to meThey acclaimed him as king They acclaimed him kingThis book is key for This book is key to

Tip English


This is a convenient house to live This is a convenient house to live inThis is an extract taken from This is an extract fromThis is one of best Hotel This is one of the best hotels.This is the most ideal hotel This is an ideal hotelThree kilos of sugar cost 30 rs Three kilos of sugar costs 30 rsTwo and Two makes four Two and Two make fourTwo boys are absent in the class Two boys are absent from the classWe accompanied him till the station We accomponied him upto the stationWe climbed the peak inch by inch We climbed the peak by inchesWe listened his lecture We listened to his lectureWe made him as our captain We made him our captainWe repeat what he has taught to us We repeat what he taught usWe should all aim for the first rank We should all aim at the first rankWe should not enroach the rights of other We should not encroach upon the rights of

othersWe will discuss about politics to day We will discuss politics to dayWhat are you heading for What are you heading toWhat is he looking What is he looking for?Whom do you wish to speak? Whom do you wish to speak to ?Would you please don't tell Would you please not tellYou must attend on your duties Your must attend to your duties

Rule 28 : phrases andmeaning

Phrases Meaning Phrases Meaning Phrases MeaningRack up Score

Acting up Behave badly,misbehavior

Fed up Bored Raise up Boost

Add up Count Feel up Check for weapons Ring up Make a callBack up Make stronger Follow-

upContinuation (eg :-follow-up to my previousnote)

Roll up Accumulate

Bang-up Superior Give up Allow admit vittukoduthal

Round up Bringtogether

Beat up Abuse Grown up Mature Screw up Make amistake

Beef up Strengthen Hold up Strength Send up Find guiltyBlow up Explode Hang up Cutting the telephone

conversationShoot up Give a shot

Break up Dissect Join up Enroll recruit Shape up Follow therules

Break itup

Stop the fightdisperse

Keep up Carry on Show up

Build up Establish Knockdown

Defeat destroy demolish Soak up Digest

Bugged up Irritated Knock up Make pregnant Speak upBuck himup

Cheer him, give himencouragement

Spit up Vomit

Button up Be quiet Lick up Drink noisily Stand up EndureCalls up Attracts Lift up Stick up Look down atClear up Acquire more light Light up This is a

stick upRobbery

Come up Line up Assemble arrange Stuck up ProudConjure up Imagine Look up See, talk Sum up CalculateCook up Prepare; fabricate Made up Fabulous Take up AdoptCry up Praise Make up Style Tear up Cut to piecesCut up Chop Mess up Disorder Turn up OccurChin up Have courage Mix up Mistake Use it up Consume all

of itClammed up Became silent Pick up Used up Used

completelyCough itup

Give it to us Pull off Work up Produce

Tip English


Crop up Happen Pullover

Write up Promote

Dig up Expose, not covered Pull up Stop Workout TryoutDo up Bend back Push up Work out ResolveDry up Quiet Put up Accommodate Working

onEat up Whipped

upAgitated

Rule 29 : Tips

i) for the reason, should not be used to mean because/since.on account of should not be used to mean because/sinceBeing that is incorrect to mean because/since

ii) Due to should not be used to mean since/becauseDue to should go along with noun not verbExample The concert was canceled due to the rain - incorrect

The cancellation of the concert was due to the rain - correctvi) Since can be used to mean “because”. Make sure the meaning is not confused.vii) Lighted and lit can be used

viii) Gerund (-ing) if preceded by a noun or pronoun, that pronoun must be possessive forme.g:- I appreciate you coming to dinner - in correct

I appreciate your coming to dinner - correct

than, as if followed by a pronoun, it must be subject form like I, she, he, they

ix) onward, downward, forward, backward, upward, Toward - are not suffixed with “s”

x) “all right” is correct form alright is informal form – don’t use it in exams.

xi) therefore, however, thus, also, in addition, otherwise, instead, as a result , meanwhile, on theother hand, consequently will take semicolon before it and a comma after it, if they joine twoclausesExample: ; therefore,

xii) Even though can not be used with unreal conditions like, Even though… wereEven if can be used

Tip English


xiii) Hopefully does not mean, it is hoped. So don’t use that to mean it is hoped. Use it is hoped instead.Hopefully CAN NOT modify a sentence, it can modify only a word.

xiv) Doubt whether is non standard

xv) Irregardless is incorrect

xvi) Speak to is to tell themSpeak with is to discuss something with them

xvii) Looked like can not be used to mean appeared

xviii) It is difficult to say, but I would guessI am not really sure, but I think

Above two should be considered as two phrases

xix) Such… as means “for example”

xx) WITH should not be used to mean “along with “ or “ by means of “ Eg., With the intricacy of the Tale of Genji's depiction - in correct

Given the intricacy of the depiction in the Tale of Genji are - correct

xxi) When you mean to refer "the bark of a tree" use "THE BARK""a bark " will mean "a bark of a dog"

IV MISCELLANEOUSa) what they say and what they mean

What they say What they mean What they say What they meanHe is set about Get started It is a piece of cake It is easyIt did not add up Did not make sense He had a brain storm A brilliant ideaI am going great guns Progress is

excellentHe is on a toot He is drunk

He is green He is jealous What could top this Be better than thisStick around Stay here or near Don't smooth talk me Don't fool meEvery now and then Occassionally He is a snake in the

grassTreacherous person

His number is up He will die It is a snap It is easyHe has butterflies inhis stomach

Anxious and fearful(Troubled feeling)

His hands are full He is busy

Much obliged Thank you Hang on WaitThat is old hat Out of date Hang around Stay hereHe is her old flame Former lover That their hangout Gathering placeHe is on the beam He is right Hang loose Be patientHow did it wind up How did it end Let us hang it up QuitThis wraps it up This ends it Hang up DelayHe is a cut up He is silly So long FarewellWe'll back him up Support him I smell a rat Situation is

suspiciousIt is balled up Confused He is a real shoe He is a gentle manHe goofed up Made serious errors Shak a leg HurryHe is up beat He is confident Roll out Start movingHe went belly up He went bankrupt,

failedHe is chasing rainbows Pursuing vague schemes

They had a blow up Bad disagreement Stay put Remain where you areBottoms up Empty your glass We are in a pickle We are in troubleLet us figure it up Total it Blue ribbon group PrestigiousIt will fold up Fail, quit It is on the qt It is secretGear up Prepare yourself I'll pop the question Propose marriageHeads up Alert, be careful Quick and dirty Rushed , improvised

Tip English


This is a hold up Robbery I pass I won't participate ,NO

He is hopped up Very excited HE IS A YES MAN He always agreesHe is laid up Ill Zilch NotchingLighten up, Relax He zonked out Went into deep sleepLive it up Enjoy yourself He is a live wire A very active personJack up Increase the prices We got whipped DefeatedMix up Mess, confuse Say when Tell me when to stop

filling your glassPipe up Say what you have to

sayHe went bonkers He went crazy

Pull up Stop, wait It is off the top of myhead

I'm just guessing

Up beat EnthusiasticOFF phrase Meaning He is two faced DisloyalI am off I am leaving Break it up DispenseBack off Move away They had a blow up Bad disagrremntHe is off base He is wrong They snuck up on us Approached secretlyHe is off beat Unusual Worm's eye view Low level perspectiveHe bit my head off Severly criticised

meBird's eye view High level perspective

Bug off Go away It is a toss up UncertainCall it off Cancel it He on his toes Alert, activeHe will carry it off Succeed He is square Not current, very

formalCast off Get move We are on the spot We are under trouble, It was off color Improper He is sppofing us He is fooling usIt did not come offas expected

Disappointement Let get spliced Married

Things dropped off Became quiet Somehow or another In some wayFinisht it off Eat , use it all So far so good Right until nowkill it off I am afraid so That is the situationget off it Stop that nonsense,

don't act that wayTake the plunge Get started

I work my butt of I work hard We are on his tail We are followign himfinish him off Kill him All of a sudden With out warningget off your butt Start moving He needs as square meal Good mealhead them off Intercept, divert

themHe eats 3 squares a day He eats well

get off my back Stop bothering me Snap to Pay attentionhe will get off Charges will be

dropped, he willescape punishment

I put the monkey on hisback

I gave theresponsibility

it will never get offthe ground

It will never start It is a real Mccoy It is genuine

he is goof off Good for nothingperson

Meat head Fool

let us goof off Stop work and havefun

It is a lulu Extraordinary

my hat is off to you Congratulate you It will give it a go Try itHold off Wait, keep your

distanceHe flunked He failed

set off Start a journey Have at it Try it, do itWe'll hold tHem off Delay their arrival By and large GenerallyWe're off the hook No longer

responsibleIt is jerry built Poorly constructed

When is the kick off When is the start,when is thebeginning

Queerfish Strange person

When did he kick off When did he die Stonge broke With out moneyKnock it off Stop it, quit doing

itPull out all the stops Make a full effort

Lay off Terminated He is a funk Male with fine figureHe is off his noodle He is crazy Take a hand Join usIt is a pay off Payment fully He is over his head Beyond his capacities

or experimentWe'll pay them off Bribe them Get back at him Have revengeThey pull it off Succeed Keep back Stay where you are

Tip English


He was put off Delayed He is in our backpocket

We control him

It is a rip off Very bad bargain,unethical profit

He is a bean pole Very tall fellow

We will run him off We will chase himaway

Le me BE Leave me as I am

We'll see him off Seay farewell to him It's off beat UncommonHe is a show off He likes to disply

his abilitiesHe is a dead beat Does not pay his bills

I will sign off End my session orbroadcast

Stop beefing Stop complaining

Take off Leave, go He is a bone head Ignorant, stupidThey will stand themoff

Resist them He is a knuckle head Stupid

I told him off I gave him my viewsin strong term

He laid an egg He failed

He will toss off hisillness

Recover quickly We have crossed thebrdige

We have mdade thedecision

He is off the wagon He is drinking again The jury is still out No decision yetHe is well off Wealthy He is stewed He is drunkHe has got Has them possession He was snockered He is drunkHe has gotten Acquired or obtained

themHe has a snoot full He is drunk

Drop He is knocked He is drunkIt is a drop in thebucket

Very small amount Stick to your guns Maintain your position

I will drop by Come to see you Level with us Tell the truthHe has the drop on us He has the advantage

over usOn the level Is that true

He dropped the ball He lost theopportunity

Died in harness Died while working

Things dropped off Became quiet Run that by me repeat what you saidas…as turn my stomach makes me sickas neat as a pin very neat, clean and

orderlybakers dozen 13 numbers

as plain as the noseon your face

quite obvious a) testing the waters;b) trial baloonc) feelers

knowing the opinion ofpeople before you goand do it for real

as clear as mud not clear ; not easyto understand

working yourself into alather

working very hard

as tight as the barkof the tree

very stingy fuddy-duddy individual with oldfashioned idesas andattitude

as tough as nails strong and hardy walking papers laying offhe is frosty he is unfriendly high off the hog

rides the gravy trainindividual who leads aluxurious life

b) Expressions to say

Friendly HELLO Friendly GoodBye YES "GOD" ToiletHow have youHi partnerWhat is cookingWhat is happeningWhat is upHow is it goingLook who is hereLong time no seeWhat givesWhat is good wordPut her hereHow is it tricks

I am checking outFarewellMust runHave a good onI am out of hereI am offSee you in the funnypapersYou all come back

Your bet; You betcha, I’ll buy thatCheck, I check on thatI concurDarn; You got itGrantedRogerIt works for meYup; yeahYou can say that againstwellWay to go; Why not

Great gunsIn heaven’snameHoly catsHoly mosesHoly smokesHow cowHeavens aboveSo help meIn his name

HeadCanCommodeThefacilitiesJiffyJohnOuthousePowerroomWater closetBiffy

UnFriendlyGoodbye

Amazement&frustration Unfriendly Hello HELL NO

Drop deadHit the RoadHit the trailGet going

Ah come onFor the love of mikeGood heavensHoly hell

Look what the catdragged in

BlastSon of a gunWhat the devilOh heck

Not in mybookI passDrop dead

Tip English


Get lostBlowBeatOn your horseShove offTake a hikeTake a powder

Holy mosesOh sucksMy footMerry meWhat in the Sam hillYou are kiddingWhat on earthOh boy

To heck withyouTarnationI’ll swear

Get lostNopeNo dealNixNot on yourlifeNothingdoingNo way! NoNutsThumbs down

Other language words used in English

British American British American British AmericanMaize Corn Apart from Aside from Pitch FieldJam Jelly At school In school Very RealAeroplane Airplane Have got Have Bath TubAluminium Aluminum Have not got Do not have Biscuit CookieMaths Math In hospital In the

hospitalAdrenalin Epinephrine

Railway Railroad In thestreet

On the street Bring up Raise

Windscreen Windshield Village Small town Curtains DrapesSport Sports A bit A little Draught CheckersFortnightly Couple of

weeksNearly Almost Dressing

gownBathrobe

Waistcoat Vest Ought Should Dustbin TrashcanPacket Pack of cards Certainly Sure Lift ElevatorA quarter to5

a quarter of5

Match Game Pavement Sidewalk

A qtr after5

a quarterpast 5

Side Team Rise in pay Increase inpay

An appetizer A starter Holiday Vacation

Spanish Barbecue, plaza, stampede, enchilada, alligator, marijuana,stevedoreDutch waffle, cookie, sleigh, boss, sppokAfrica zombie, okraGerman loafer, semester, hamburgerNative American caucus

e) Groups and Collections

Groups a pride of lionsa school of fishes/whales/dolphinsa flock of sheepa pack of wolvesa gaggle of geese

Collection of coins and medals - numismatics of books - bibliophily

of teddy bears - arctophilyof key rings - copoclephily

f) Characters of a person

She is arrogantargumentativeassertive - being confident about oneselfbashful - shybig-headed, - thinking clever and important

Tip English


conceited - - do-bossy - telling the people what to do alwayscanny - clever and knowing how to do thingscapricious - changing mind suddenlycatty - saying nasty or spitful things about others

cheeky - being rudeIt was a bit cheeky of him to ask for money after he told me he earned a lot himself.

conscientious - doing things with care and attentioncoy about - pretending to be shy

docile - quiet and submissivedogmatic - never questioning and wanting to accept your

ideasdomineering - trying to control other people

extroverted - outgoing and lively

fickle - changing your mind and unpredicatablefull of himself - being proudfussy about - only liking certain things

grumpy - in bad mood

picky about - only liking certain things or peoplequick-tempered - getting angry quickly

scatter-brained - someone who forgets things easily

g) Crime and justice

acquit - not guiltyhearsay - hear from someone, but don't know whether it is true or notOld Bailey - famous law courts in London where serious crimes are triedplaintiff - somone who takes a person to court and brings a legal action against themdiminished responsibility - when someone cannot be held responsible because they are mentally illunsafe conviction - found guilty because the evidence was wrong or the witness did not tellthe truth

h) IdiomsColor idiomsFeeling blue feeling unhappyout of the blue Completely unexpectedto see red to become extremely angry:

When people are cruel to animals, it really makes me see red."a red letterday

a day of great importance.It's a red letter day tomorrow in the company. It's our fiftieth birthday!

Paint the townred

to celebrate: They went out last night and really painted the town red-they didn't come homeuntil 5 a.m.

in the red Overdrawn:It's the end of the month and we're in the red again. We have to control ourspending better

Green fingers to be a good gardenerGreen politics Environmental politics: "He's in green politics and often campaigns to fight

pollution.in black &white

to be extremely clear:This contract is in black and white: we aren't allowed to keep any pets in thishouse.

Black spot a dangerous spot: "This roundabout is a black spot for traffic accidents.Black and blue to be badly bruised: "When she fell off her bicycle, she was black and blue for

days.White Christmas when it snows at ChristmasWhitewash to cover up the truth white wash.a Grey area something which is not definite or black and white:

Tip English


Grey matter brain

Animal idioms

Cat's whiskers

to think you are the best: "He thinks he's the cat's whiskers!"

Let the cat outof the bag

tell a secret: "He shouldn't have told her about the party - he's let the cat outof the bag now.

to have kittens

to panic: "The way he was driving, I was having kittens."

The bee's knees think you're the best (like the cat's whiskers): "He behaves as if he's the bee'sknees."

From thehorse's mouth

to get information from the original source: "Who told you they were gettingmarried?" "I got it from the horse's mouth."

a memory likean elephant

to have an excellent memory

Pigs might fly! something is as unlikely as pigs being able to fly

Havebutterflies inyour stomach

to be very nervous about something: "Don't worry about her - she's got butterfliesin her stomach - it's her driving test today."

Till the cowscome home

to do something for ever: "I can tell him til the cows come home not to take ashort cut over the fence, but he never listens."

Take the bullby the horns

to face a problem and take action: "Well, I'm going to take the bull by the hornsand tell him that I've changed my mind."

Get someone'sgoat

to annoy someone: "It really gets my goat when she criticises him - it's not as ifshe's perfect herself."

a loan-shark someone who lends money at high interest rates: "Don't borrow money from him -he's a complete loan-shark."

Like a fish outof water

to feel very uncomfortable in a particular situation: "He feels like a fish out ofwater in a suit - he much prefers wearing jeans."

With your tailbetween yourlegs

to feel guilty or ashamed: "He told us all that he was leaving, then he came backten minutes later with his tail between his legs."

in the dog-house

When you know that someone is angry with you: "I'm in the dog-house, I'm afraid. Iforgot to do the shopping, and now we don't have any milk."

The lion'sshare

Most of something: "She did the lion's share of the housework."

in the lion'sden

in a dangerous place: "Having an interview with them was like going into thelion's den. There were ten of them and they asked me some very difficultquestions."

GMAT idiomsBased on Fascinated by Range from X to Y

A debate over Both X and Y Forbid X to do Y Regards asA lot Believe X to be Y contrast to RegardlessA responsibility to Centers on Independent from Responsible for

A result of Concerned with Indifferent toward Resulting inA sequence of Conform to Modeled after Retroactive toAccede to Created with No more than/no less

thanSo(adjective) that

Advised of Defined as More than ever Subscribe toAgree with Depends on whether Neither nor Such ..asAgreement on Depicted as Not only..but also The same to X as to

YAs an instance of Different from/differ from Not so much .. as To contrast X with YAs good as/or betterthan

Distinguishes between Xand Y

Obsessed withObsessed by

To mistake X for Y

As great as Distinguish from Prohibits X fromdoing Y

To result in

As much as Doubt that Potential to To sacrifice X for YAttend to(some one) Either or So X as in Y X as to be YAttribute X to Y/X is attributed to Y

Enable to

Tip English


j) Vocabulary

Word's Meaning Word's Meaninga priori Based on theory Inordinate immoderateAbaft On or toward the rear of a ship Inquisitor One who inquiresAbase To humble; disgrace; to lower in

rankInsatiable That can not be satisfied

Abash To embarrass Inscrutable MysteriousAbatement A reduction or decrease Insomnia Sleepless disorderAbbess Mother superior Instigate ProvokeAbdicate Relinquish; give up; abandon;

retireInstill Pour drop by drop; implant;

introduce graduallyAberrant A typical not normal; not

following the regular patternInterlard Intermixture

Aberration Deviation; from what is expected Intermittent Not continuousAbet Help somebody to commit a crime Intimidate make somebody to do by threateningAbeyance Temporary suspension Intricate Complicate; difficultAbhor Feel hatred and disgust;

repugnanceIntrospection Self examination

Abide Tolerate; endure; wait patientlyfor

Intrusive act of intruding

Abide by Accept ; obey; stick to Inundated floodedAbject Miserable; pitiful; existing in a

low conditionInvariably Always the same, constant

Abjure Promise or swear to give a belief;give up formally

Invidious Likely to cause resentment oranimosity

Ablution Act of washing or cleaning thebody

Invigorate Strengthen

Abnegate Denial; reject, surrender; Kennels a shelter for a dog or catAbolish End of existance Knave mad or mischievous

Abolitionist

Person who tried to eliminateslavery

Labyrinth complicated network of passage

Abominable Unpleasant; disgusting; hateful Lambaste hit hardlyAbominate To hate completely Lament Grieve, mournAbortive FruitlessAboveboard Honest; open; not deceitful Latent HiddenAbreast Side by side Lateral Side to sideAbrogate Eliminate by authority League AssociateAbsolve Take the blame away from a person Lectern Furniture used to place notes and

people talk standing behind thatAbstemious Not indulging to things that are

pleasurable; moderate habitsLethargic weak, dull, not active

Abut Common boundary; touching side byside

Leverage power, effective

Accede Show approval at; take in-charge Litigate Law suite, legalAccentuate Intensify; emphasize; make very

noticeableLivid Being angry

Acclaim Praise Logistics Game planAcclaim Welcome with approval; hail or

salute as something; acknowledgethe greatness

Loquacious Wordy; excessive talk

Accolade Praise Louts Vulgar man with bad mannersAccost Approach somebody and talk

aggressive violent wayLucrative Profitable

Accredit Trust; believe; give authority to Lucid clear; transparentAccretion Gradual increase in size Lucubrate Laborious study or meditationAcerbic Sour; sharp; bitter in taste;

attitude or toneLurking Pathungi iruthal(T)

Acidulous Bitter taste Lycanthropic WerewolfAcme Highest point Lycosidae Spiders, fast runningAcquiesces Agree with out protest Mahogany Tree with hard reddish brown colourAcrid Unpleasantly harsh, bitter in tone Maladaptive inadequate adaptationAcrimonious Corroding ; spoiling Malady IllnessAcrimony Bad feeling; hatred between people Malediction CurseAcuity Accuracy; keenness Malevolence malicious behavior; harmful

Tip English


influenceAcumen Quickness in judgement; good

judgmentMar Injure or damage

Acute Accurate perception Maternal Mother sideAdage Old saying or expression Mayhem Rowdy disorderAdept An expert Meritorious Deserving praise or rewardAdjudicate Adjudge; give judgement Miniscule A tiny bit; iota; Adjunct Helper; additional thing Mitigate ReduceAdmonish Warning or serious advice Morass low-lying areaAdo Trouble Morbid Look like sick; gruesomeAdrift Driving by wind or water; loose

unfastenedMorgue Place where bodies are kept until

identificationAdroit Skillful Moribund Approaching death; becoming

obsoleteAdulation Excessive praise or flattery Mortgagee BankAdumbrate Give only a slight idea; describe

incompletelyMortgagor Person

Adversary Enemy Motley MixedAegis Shield Muddle JumbleAerie An elevated often secluded

building or dwelling, strucutreMutilate Cut off the limb

Aetiology Study of causes of diseases Myriad a big numberAffable Friendly Nag ScoldAffected Trying to act smart but not really

oneNebulous Vague; unclear

Affiliate Attach Necromancy Black magicAffinity Relationship; inclination Necrophilia obsessive fascination with the deadAffluent Plenty Nepotism Favor to relatives and friendsAffront Obvious insult to a person Nifty Smart, clever, efficientAggrandize Exaggerate; to increase in power

or influence ; extendNotion Belief

Aggrieve To hurt; to harm Novice Inexperienced beginnerAgile Able to move quickly Nuances Subtle differences in meaningAlacrity Ayuthemana(T), ready state Obliterate erase; wipe outAlchemy Magical science Oblivion Asatai(T)Alleviate More bearable Obstinate Adamant, stubbornAllusion Indirect reference Occidental Westerner; Occident – the westAltruism Unselfish behavior Ominous ThreateningAlzheimer Disorder that makes memory

inefficientOnychophagia Practice of biting one's nails

Amorphous Not organized, not a definiteshape

Oppressive Burdensome

Amputate In medical grounds cut off thelimb

Opprobrium Something that brings disgrace andshame

Analogy Similarity Orally SpokenAnimosity Hostility, enmity Orderly Hospital attendantAnomalous Different from normal; irregular Ornate Showy, flashyAntagonism Active opposition hostility Outfit an associationAntecedent Thing or circumstance that comes

before the otherOutlive Live longer than

Antecedents Ancestors Outwitting Outsmart

Anthropology

Study of mankind and customs,beliefs

Oxymoron Contradictory words coined togetherto form an rhetorical effect;plural is OxymoraAntonym of oxymoron is pleonasm

Antipathy Repugnance Pagan on has no religionApathy Akkaraiinmai(Tamil) Paleobotany Study of fossil plantsAppalling Dismay; cause to loose enthusiasm Palpable Capable of being touched or felt Appease To calm; satisfy

The apple did not appease myhunger

Panacea Solutions to all problems

Apposite Apt Paradigm Example that serves as a modelApprehend Capture; understand Paraphernalia Things that belong to

Apprehensive

Fearful; hesitant Parleys Conversation or meeting with aenemy

Arable Land fit for cultivation Parrot person who repeats an action ofanother

Tip English


Arbitrary Not good; illogical Parsimonious FrugalArboreal Resembling or inhabiting on trees Passion powerful emotion; desire;

enthusiasmArduous Difficult; laborious Pastoral Country lifeArid Lacking moistureAscendance Domination Paternal Father sideAscertain Find out Patronage SupportAssert Express Pavonine Resembling a peacock’s tail or

colorAssimilate Absorb in to the mind; become

absorbed into the body afterdigestion; to become part ofanother social group or country

Peculate take money for one’s own use;embezzle

Atrocious Kodia(T) Pedantic Kalvi cherruku udaivarAttrition Gradually weakening somebody’s

strength by continuous harassmentPeddler Person who travels from place to

place to sell goodsAudition Trial for acting, singing Peered Searchaura Atmosphere Pellucid Clear and transparentAutistic Not able to build relationship Penchant Liking or taste for somethingAvert Avoid Pepper and

saltclose mixture of black and white

Banter Unimportant ,small talks Perceive Understand; observe; become awareof

Bastion Fortress Perception Knowledge ; intuitionBawdy Bad, indecent Perfunctory Showing little interestBeckon Showing signal Pernicious Having a very harmful or

destructive effectBecoming Well suited(becoming hairstyle;

becoming dress; becoming modesty)Perpetuate Something that keeps you not to

forgetBeguile Deceive Perplexed Not able to understand clearlyBehead Cut off the head Perseverance Vida moirachiBehold Observe, look at, see Perspicacity Accuracy in understandingBellicose Inclined to start quarrel Perspective ViewBenevolence Generosity, doing good Persuasive To persuade; able to convinceBereaved Deprive sb by death Perturb DisturbBesmirch Dishonor Pervade Spread to and be perceived in

everypartBestow Present a gift or honor Pervasive Present and perceived eerywhreBipedalism Two footed Pervert Immoral fellowBliss Great joy Phenomenon Remarkable thingBolster Support Plagued nuisance; widespreadBourses Stock Exchanges Plausible believable; seem to be right;

skilled in convincing arguments todeceive

Bovine Relating to cattle Plebiscite Choice of voting or choosing theleader

Breathe, Breathe is a verb and breath is anoun

Pleonasms Redundant words coined together

Brigand Robber Plunder Soorai aduBrush Dismiss abruptly Politicking PoliticizingCallous Ruthless; very rude; emotionally

hardenedPolyglot Person who speaks many languages

Capacious Spacious Populace the masses; the general public;Capitalize To gain by turning something to

advantageParochialschool

Private school maintained byreligious body for elementary orsecondary education

Carrousel Revolving apparatus Preclude Make impossible;Prevent something/somebody doingsomething

Carteblanch

Unrestricted power; unconditionalauthority

Predicament Mess

Centipede Pooran(T) Predominantly Mostly noticeableCerulean Blue Preempt Obtain by acting in advance of

others;Prevent from happening;

Chasm Difference in ideas; deepseparation

Preposterous Absurd

Churlish Vulgar Prerogative Special privilege

Tip English


Cinch Easy ting to accomplish Pretentious Claiming a position whenunjustified

Clamorous Loud and noisy ; vociferous Prevails Triumph; predominant; use; becomeeffective; win out

Clandestine Conducted with secrecy Prevalent Widely or commonlyoccurring/existing

Clique Group of same interests Pristine Remaining in a pure state;uncorrupted state; free from flaw

Cogently Convincing Privy Secret(privy to – sharing a secret)Coherent Sticking together; logical and

orderlyProclaim Announce officially & publicly

Cohesion Unity Procrastinate PostponeCollusion Secret agreement or discover Prodigal Wastefully extravagantCommemorate To serve as a memorial to Profound DeepCommend Speak favorably; praise Prognosis Forecast, prediction

Commensurate

Appropriate; (follows withto/with)

Promiscuous Indiscriminate in the choice ofsexual partners

Commiserate To feel or express sympathy Propagate Spread Complainant Person who makes a complaint Propensity TendencyComprehend Grasp; take in Proponent Supporter, advocate

Comprehensive

Wide Prorogue Postpone; adjourn

Concede Agree to what some body saysgrudgingly or reluctantly

Provender Fodder

Conceit Garvam, ahanthai(T) Prowess Outstanding skill or expertise

Conceptualize

To form a concept of Pseudo Not genuine; false; pretended orinsincere

Concoct Fabricate; build up a story Psychotic Multiple personality and living infantasy

Concomitant Concurrent; happening at the sametime

Pummel Beat

Concourse Open area of a building; Crowd Purport PurposeConducive Helping something to happen;

favorable conditionQuarantine isolation of persons to prevent

spreading of diseaseConduit Pipe; mean for something to be

transmittedQuid pro quo Equal exchange

Confer To consult , to bestow Rain check Token of approval for future datecommitment

Confiscate Seized by the government Rain maker Very good lobbyist(political slang)Confront oppose Rattle percussive sound; talk without much

thoughtCongeal Harden; solidify Ravage DevastateCongregate To come together; Rave BlabberingConnoisseur Expert knowledge in fine arts Ravenous Very hungryConnubial Marriage; conjugal Realty Real estateConsensus General agreement Rebut ArgueConspicuous Obvious Recant WithdrawConspire Sathi sei

Reconnaissance

An exploratory military survey ofenemy territory

Consternation

Paralyzing; dismay Rectitude Honesty

Content Satisfied Recuperating Getting wellContort Twist Red herring Something that deviates from the

center issueContour Outline Refute to prove to be false or erroneous;

to deny the accuracy of a truthContravene Disobey, break Regimen government; rule or controlConversely On the other hand Reiterate repeat it again and againCopious Plentiful Rejoinder Answer

Counterfeiter

Forge; make a copy of Relegate Transfer to lower division

Culminate Reach the high point Relent To become less severe; lenient;

Tip English


forgivingCulpable Deserving blame Relinquish Surrender; give up; abandonCygnet Young swan Remiss NegligentDark horse Little known Remnant remainderDearth Scarce; famine Remonstrate to protestDebacle Sudden and complete failure;

fiascoRendering Submit for approval, translate

Debar Ban Rendezvous Meeting placeDebonair Cheerful and self assured Renegade TraitorDecipher Make out; find out Reportorial writerDecree Order given by a ruler/authority Repress to put down by forceDeem Consider Reproof;

rebukeTo criticize

Defamation Say bad things about; attack thegood reputation of somebody

Repudiate To divorce or separate formally

Defiance Open disobedient; resistance Repugnance extreme aversionDefrock Dismiss from priesthood ; unfrock Requiem service for the deadDeluge Large quantity; immense Rescript decreeDelusion Deceive Resent Hate; be offended; feel bitter;

angryDemeanor Way of behaving Resilient RestoreDenounce Condemn openly; accuse formally;

disown; formal announcement ofending;

Restrain limitation

Dentition Process of growing new teeth Resurrection Bring back the lifeDepose Dethrone; remove from office Retract to pull back; disclaimDeprecated Prohibited Retribution Repayment as punishmentDeprive Take something away from sb/sth Retro back, backwardsDespair Lose of hope Retrospection Looking back, on past eventsDétente Change in strategy Reverberation Repeated reflection; reecho; repelDeter Discourage; prevent Revere Courteous respectDevastate Complete destroy; don't use for

specific numbersRummage Old things

Dexterity Skill or quickness; prowess Sabbaticals RestDiaphonous Translucent, transparent Salubrious Favorable to health or well-beingDiction Choosing words Salutary Remedial; favourable to healthDiligence Attentive care Salvage RescueDirge Funeral hymn Satiety Surfeit; fullDisavow Disclaim Savage Kattu mirandi(T)Disclaimer Disagreeing Savant ScholarDisparage Talking in a way to reduce;

depreciate or lower in rank;vilify

Scald Burn caused by hot steam or liquid

Dispassionate

Unaffected by passion/emotion Scandalous Causing scandal; shocking

Disseminate Spread Scrupulously Done very carefullyDissension Disagreement Seclude IsolateDissipated Spread and vanish; wasting time Sedulous Vida muirachiDissuade To advise against; discourage;

deterSheer Deviate; complete

Distort Misrepresent Shoddy InferiorDocile Teachable Shortcoming FlawDodging Going around Shun To avoid deliberatelyDon Put on clothing Simile Comparing two unlike thingsDoodad Unnamed; nameless Sine die IndefinitelyDormant Not active Skeptic Doubtful towards somebody/somethingDorsal Behind Skim Glance through quicklyDote Adore Sleep apnea Bed deathDreadful Terrible Sleuth DetectiveEarmark Identification mark to show

ownershipSlick Extremely good; smooth

Ebb Period of decline Slink Give birth to premature baby; sneakEchelon Level of authority or

responsibilitySlump Sudden fall in prices

Eerie Causing mystery and fear;(an eeriescream)

Sobriquet Nick names

Egging Encouraging Soliloquy Talking loudly alone as in dramas

Tip English


Egregious Exceptionally bad or offensive Solitude Lonely placeElegy Poem to lament a death Somniloquy Sleep talkingEloquence Power to speak and write well Soot Black particlesElude Escape Sordid Dirty and unpleasantElusive Difficult to capture Sparse Not thick and dense;

Sparsely populatedEmanate Come from a source Speleology Study of cavesEmancipate Liberate, to free from bondage Spew To flow

Embellishment

Decoration Squander Wasting money or time;

Embezzle Take money for one’s own use;Peculate

Square Conservative; not current

Emblazoned Celebrate; inscribe Squeamish Easily nauseated; shocked;disgusted

Empirical Based on knowledge and experiments Stalactites From ceilingEngender To develop Stalagmites From groundEntangle To get caught or involved in

something , so that , escape isdifficult

Startling Frightening

Entitle To give a right to claim Stenosis NarrowingEntourage Group of attendees; environment Stickler One who argues without giving upEnvisaged Imagine Straddle To be on both sidesEnunciate Articulate Streaking Running nude in publicEphemeral Short living Strenuous Vida muirachi; sedulous,

perseveranceEpitome Summary of written work; ideal

exampleStriveThriveCrave

Try hardBe successfulDesire

Epoch Remarkable event; event or time Stumbleacross

To find by accident

Eponym Derivation of a name for city,place, institution, medicine ,chemical , theorem from a person’sname

Stupendous Causing amazement

Equilibrium Balanced Subjective Existing in the mindEsoteric Confidential, understood by

specific groupSubjugate Conquer; enslave;

Eulogy Praising Substantiate ProveEviscerate Removing internal organs of a body Subtle ThinExasperate Make very angry; inpatient; irate Subvert DestroyExcerpt Part of a book or article or

passageSuccinct Concise and terse

Excommunicate

Exclude from a group Succumb Die, agree in press

Excruciating

Intense pain Sumptuous Rich luxurious magnificent

Exhilarating

To cause or feel very excited orenergetic; invigorate; stimulate

Superficial Slight knowledge; trivial;insignificant

Expedite Speed up the process Superfluous Exceeding what is necessary orneeded

Expiate Make amends or reparation Supersede ReplaceExpound Explain in detail Surfeit Thigatuthal(T);overdoseExpurgate Remove improper objectionable

parts from a bookSynagogue Jewish worship place

Extempore With out preparation Taciturn Being silent and calmExtol To praise highly Tandem One behind the otherExtort Intimidate and get money Tangible Capable of being realized by mindExtradite Surrender one who has taken refuge Tantamount Equivalent valueExtraneous Irrelevant Tardy Slow to actFaçade Front view Tenacious AdamantFaction Conflict with an organization;

group formed because of thatTenuous Little substance; slender

Farcical Absurd Termagant Quarrelsome womanFastidious Difficult to please Terse Concise

Tip English


Fiduciary Holding something for the another Thanatalogy Study of death and dyingFillip Snap; suduku(T) Therapeutic Having healing powerFinicky Difficult to please; fastidious Thicket Dense growth of shrubsFlamboyant Showy, extravagant Through thick

and thinFavorable and unfavorableconditions

Flimsy Unconvincing Tirade Angry speechFlummox Confuse To flock To go to places in large numbersFolly Lack of good sense Torrent Violent outburstFormativeyears

Having an important and influenceon development of character

Tossup Even chance

Forthrightly

Frankly; straight forward Trait Distinctive feature or character

Fortitude Endurance and strength Transmuted Change sth to sth completelydifferent

Foster Nurture Tribulation DistressFragmentary Made up of unconnected path Trifle To toy or play withFringe Group of extreme views; decorative

borderTrivialize Underestimate; play down

Frisking Search a person for somethingconcealed

Truculent Capable of attacking

Frontage Land between a building and thestreet

Trudging Walking tiredly and slowly

Galore Plentiful; abundant; Trumping Key resourceGaudy Flashy ; brilliant Tumultuous Confusion of voices, agitationGhoul Grave robber Tyranny Kodunkonmai,Gibberish Meaningless or technical language Ubiquitous Appears to be present everywhereGist Essence, crux, main point Ulterior UndisclosedGlean Gather information Unabated Maintaining full forceGlib Extemporaneously Undaunted FearlessGrapple Seize Unequivocal Leaving no doubt; Grave Serious Unfrock Dismiss from priesthood; defrockGrazing To feed with grass Unprecedented No previous exampleGreen horn Inexperienced, naïve Unquenchable Not able to be satisfiedGrotty Unpleasant; poor quality Upshot ResultGrudge Utpahai, vanmam(T) Usurp Wrongfully or by forceGruesome Horror; grisly; ghastly Vacillate To be uncertainGrumpy Bad tempered Vain glory BoastfulHaggle Argue/bargain over silly matters Vanity Veen garvam(Tamil), conceitHegemony Power of one state of the other Vanquish To defeatHerpetology Study of snakes Variance DisagreementHike Walk Veer Sudden change in directionHindrance Obstacle; blockade; impediment Vehement Strong feelingHobbled Limp Veneer Thin layerHolocaust Large scale destruction Veracity Truthfulness; truthHomey Good friend Verbally WrittenHoodoo Bringing bad luck Vertigo Feeling of sickness; dizzinessHopper Thatti kuthikum(Tamil) Verve EnthusiasmHorrendous Horrific Vestige Old evidenceHubris Pride Vilify To lower the importance by abusive

statementsHuckster showy methods Vindicate Prove with evidenceHumdrum Monotonous; boring Virtue Good characterHyper +word

Over or more Vociferous Noisy outcry

Hypo +word

Under or less Wary Cautious

Hypothetical

Based on assumption Weary Exhausting

Ideologue Advocate of an ideology WelkinWelkin eyes

Sky;Beautiful blue eyes;

Idiosyncrasies

Unique thought by some one Willy-nilly Disorganized

Ignoramus Ignorant person Wimpy Cowardly personImbalance Lack of balance belligerence aggressive or truculent attitudeImbroglio Confusion vibes intuition about a person or

Tip English


thing(informal)Impart disclose; bestow finagling Obtain by trickeryImpeccable no flaw fumigating apply gas or smoke to disinfect or

kill insectsImpediment Stumbling block cornucopia abundance of somethingImpending About to happen; imminent solatium something give as solaceImperative Must, urgent solace source of relief or consolationImplausible difficult to believeImplode collapsed violently costiveness constipationImpromptu With out preparation; improvise hypothecation adamanam(Tamil)Improvise With out preparation; impromptu,

wing itdistrain Jabdhi (tamil)

Impudent disrespectful dovetails combineImpulse An impelling or propelling force neuratic mental disorder

Inadvertently

Not deliberately camaraderie comradeship;friendship

Inasmuch as because of the fact; since exacerbate aggravateIncendiary Causing or capable of causing fire repercussion consequnceIncognito With out others knowing instigate provokeIncoherent Not coherent(e.g., incoherent with

grief)glaciologist study of glaciers

Incriminate To charge or show evidence ofinvolvement

voracious ravenous

Incumbent Person holding the office and post incinerating burnt to ashesIndemnify To make compensation for loss or

damageloquacious excessive talk; talkative

Indictment To charge with a fault or offense lackadaisical lazy; who lacks enthusiasm andeffort

Ineptitude Lacking fitness or aptitude tete-a-tete private conversationInfuriate Extremely angry hogwash

baloneynonsense

Inhibit Block slanderlibelling

false statement injuring somebody’sreputations

Innate In one's nature primordial primary , first, fundamental,original

Innocuous Causing no harm, not intended tooffend

grit spirit

Inoculation introducing a specific diseasegerm into the body to fight thatdisease

enunciate articulate

emancipate liberate

j) Things that need to be avoided

Replace this with this

the question as to whether whetheradvance notice noticeat this point in time nowBe that as it may butin the event that ifgeneral consensus consensusyoung juvenile juvenilestudent body studentsdue to the fact that becausechemotherapeutic agent drug

l) Links those help , practicing Listening comprehension

Randall's ESL listening lab

http://www.eslpartylan.com/

http://esl-lab.com/bath1/bath1.htm

http://esl-lab.com/bath1/bath1.htm

http://www.webster.commnet.edu/

http://www.ebaack.com/

http://www.towerofenglish.com/

http://www.studint.net/

http://www.4tests.com/

http://www.4tests.com/

http://www.wsu.edu/~gordonl/ESL/studentcontents.htm

http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/grammarlogs3/grammarlogs450.htm#1

Tip English


http://www.eslpartyland.com/students/inter.htm http://esl-lab.com/bath1/bath1.htmwww.webster.commnet.ed www.ebaack.com www.towerofenglish.comwww.studint.net www.4tests.com www.west.nethttp://www.wsu.edu/~gordonl/ESL/studentcontents.htmhttp://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/grammarlogs3/grammarlogs450.htm#1

English Tips UnEncrypted

Documents

Transcript of English Tips UnEncrypted