English Settlements Several factors led to England’s growth in colonization: defeat of Spanish...
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Transcript of English Settlements Several factors led to England’s growth in colonization: defeat of Spanish...
English SettlementsEnglish Settlements
Several factors led to England’s growth Several factors led to England’s growth in colonization: defeat of Spanish in colonization: defeat of Spanish
Armada, population growth (economic Armada, population growth (economic growth), joint stock companiesgrowth), joint stock companies
JamestownJamestown
King James I chartered King James I chartered Virginia Co. (joint-stock) that Virginia Co. (joint-stock) that est. first permanent English est. first permanent English colony in N. America in 1607colony in N. America in 1607
Great hardships: Indian Great hardships: Indian attacks, famine and diseaseattacks, famine and disease
Many settlers wanted gold! Many settlers wanted gold! And refused to farm/huntAnd refused to farm/hunt
Captain John Smith’s Captain John Smith’s leadership helped the leadership helped the struggling colonystruggling colony
John Rolfe est. tobacco John Rolfe est. tobacco industryindustry
JamestownJamestown
John RolfeJohn Rolfe John Rolfe develops a sweeter John Rolfe develops a sweeter strain of tobacco to sell in strain of tobacco to sell in EuropeEurope
Marries PocahontasMarries Pocahontas
This brings financial prosperity This brings financial prosperity to the colonyto the colony
This required a large labor This required a large labor force: indentured servantsforce: indentured servants
In 1619 African slaves arrive In 1619 African slaves arrive for the first time for the first time
Both are used for laborBoth are used for labor
JamestownJamestown
The Virginia Company fell The Virginia Company fell heavily into debt and went heavily into debt and went bankruptbankrupt
The company’s charter was The company’s charter was revoked in 1624 and Virginia revoked in 1624 and Virginia came under the direct control came under the direct control of King James Iof King James I
Virginia became the first royal Virginia became the first royal colonycolony
Puritan ColoniesPuritan Colonies
Religious Motivation (Plymouth and Mass. Bay)Religious Motivation (Plymouth and Mass. Bay)
Settled by English Protestants who were influenced by John Settled by English Protestants who were influenced by John Calvin’s teachings, including Calvin’s teachings, including predestinationpredestination
In the early 1600s many people in England wanted to change the In the early 1600s many people in England wanted to change the Church of EnglandChurch of England
They wanted to “purify” their church of Catholic influencesThey wanted to “purify” their church of Catholic influences
James I viewed these Protestants as a threat and had them James I viewed these Protestants as a threat and had them arrested and jailedarrested and jailed
The Plymouth ColonyThe Plymouth Colony
Separatists: wanted to Separatists: wanted to organize a completely organize a completely separate church, independent separate church, independent of royal controlof royal control
These Pilgrims first migrated to These Pilgrims first migrated to Holland and then to AmericaHolland and then to America
Set sail for VA in 1620Set sail for VA in 1620
After 65 days the After 65 days the MayflowerMayflower landed off MA coastlanded off MA coast
Rather than go to VA they est. Rather than go to VA they est. Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony
The Plymouth ColonyThe Plymouth Colony
After a harsh winter the After a harsh winter the settlers at Plymouth befriend settlers at Plymouth befriend the Native Americans and the Native Americans and adapt to the landadapt to the land
First Thanksgiving: 1621First Thanksgiving: 1621
Strong leadership of Capt. Strong leadership of Capt. Miles Standish and Gov. Miles Standish and Gov. William BradfordWilliam Bradford
Fish, furs and lumber help the Fish, furs and lumber help the economy groweconomy grow
Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony
Charles I continued to Charles I continued to persecute Puritans, so another persecute Puritans, so another group set out for religious group set out for religious freedom (not Separatists)freedom (not Separatists)
They gained a royal charter They gained a royal charter and in 1630 about one and in 1630 about one thousand set sail, led by John thousand set sail, led by John WinthropWinthrop
They landed in MA and They landed in MA and founded Bostonfounded Boston
The English civil war drove The English civil war drove thousands out of England thousands out of England (Great Migration),(Great Migration), many to MA many to MA Bay Colony Bay Colony
Early Political InstitutionsEarly Political Institutions
PlymouthPlymouth: Aboard the : Aboard the Mayflower Mayflower the Pilgrims drew the Pilgrims drew up and signed the Mayflower up and signed the Mayflower CompactCompact
Pledged to make decisions by Pledged to make decisions by the will of the majoritythe will of the majority
Represented early form of Represented early form of colonial self-govt. and early colonial self-govt. and early form of written constitutionform of written constitution
Early Political InstitutionsEarly Political Institutions
The VA Company sought to The VA Company sought to encourage settlement in encourage settlement in Jamestown by guaranteeing Jamestown by guaranteeing colonists the same right they colonists the same right they had had in Englandhad had in England
This included the right to be This included the right to be represented in the lawmaking represented in the lawmaking processprocess
IN 1619, 12 years after the IN 1619, 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, VA’s founding of Jamestown, VA’s colonists organized the first colonists organized the first representative assembly in representative assembly in America: Virginia House of America: Virginia House of BurgessesBurgesses
Early Political InstitutionsEarly Political Institutions
In the MA Bay Colony there In the MA Bay Colony there were limited democratic were limited democratic actionsactions
All free men – male members All free men – male members of the Puritan Church-had the of the Puritan Church-had the right to participate in yearly right to participate in yearly elections of the colony’s elections of the colony’s governor and his assistantsgovernor and his assistants
Early Political InstitutionsEarly Political Institutions
Only male property owners Only male property owners could vote in the coloniescould vote in the colonies
Women and those who did not Women and those who did not own land had few rightsown land had few rights
Indentured servants and Indentured servants and slaves had practically no rightsslaves had practically no rights
Many colonial governors ruled Many colonial governors ruled with autocratic powers, with autocratic powers, answering only to the kinganswering only to the king
Therefore, democracy in the Therefore, democracy in the Americas developed slowlyAmericas developed slowly
The 13 ColoniesThe 13 Colonies
Chesapeake ColoniesChesapeake Colonies: MD : MD and VAand VA
MD: Act of TolerationMD: Act of Toleration
VA: House of Burgesses, VA: House of Burgesses, Bacon’s Rebellion, headright Bacon’s Rebellion, headright systemsystem
New England ColoniesNew England Colonies: RI, CT, NH, MA
RI: Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson
CT: The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
NH: royal colony
The 13 ColoniesThe 13 Colonies
Restoration ColoniesRestoration Colonies: NC, SC, : NC, SC, NY, NJ, PA, DENY, NJ, PA, DE
NC & SC: agriculture and NC & SC: agriculture and slaveryslavery
NY: New Amsterdam to NYNY: New Amsterdam to NY
PA: William Penn, Quakers, PA: William Penn, Quakers, “Holy Experiment”“Holy Experiment”
Last ColonyLast Colony: GA: GA
GA: defensive buffer, debtor GA: defensive buffer, debtor destinationdestination
SlaverySlavery
Slave population grew rapidly Slave population grew rapidly in late 1600s and early 1700sin late 1600s and early 1700s
By 1750 half of VA’s and 2/3s By 1750 half of VA’s and 2/3s of SC’s population were slavesof SC’s population were slaves
Increased demand for slaves:Increased demand for slaves:
1.) reduced migration1.) reduced migration
2.) Dependable work force 2.) Dependable work force (indentured servants=Bacon’s (indentured servants=Bacon’s Rebellion)Rebellion)
3.) Cheap Labor3.) Cheap Labor
SlaverySlavery
Detailed Drawing of a Slave ShipDetailed Drawing of a Slave Ship
SlaverySlavery
White colonists enacted laws White colonists enacted laws to ensure Africans remained in to ensure Africans remained in bondagebondage
Whites regarded blacks Whites regarded blacks (whether slave or free) as (whether slave or free) as inferiorinferior
Racism and slavery became Racism and slavery became an integral part of American an integral part of American colonial societycolonial society
African Slave TradeAfrican Slave Trade
SlaverySlavery
Triangular TradeTriangular Trade: many : many colonial merchants entered the colonial merchants entered the profitable slave tradeprofitable slave trade
Rum from New England to W. Rum from New England to W. Africa to be traded for slavesAfrica to be traded for slaves
Middle Passage to West Middle Passage to West Indies, where slave were Indies, where slave were traded for sugarcanetraded for sugarcane
Return to New England to Return to New England to trade sugar for rumtrade sugar for rum
Triangle TradeTriangle Trade
Africans in AmericaAfricans in America
Slave life in the South was Slave life in the South was very tough, as rice growing very tough, as rice growing was much harder than tobaccowas much harder than tobacco
Many blacks in America Many blacks in America evolved their own languages, evolved their own languages, blending their native tongues blending their native tongues with English. with English. GullahGullah
Blacks also contributed to Blacks also contributed to music with instruments like the music with instruments like the banjo and bongo drumbanjo and bongo drum
A few of the slaves became A few of the slaves became skilled artisans( carpenter, skilled artisans( carpenter, bricklayer) bricklayer)
Africans in AmericaAfricans in America
Africans in AmericaAfricans in America
Revolts did occurRevolts did occur
In 1712, a slave revolt in NYC In 1712, a slave revolt in NYC cost the lives of a dozen cost the lives of a dozen whites and 21 blacks were whites and 21 blacks were executedexecuted
N 1739, SC blacks along the N 1739, SC blacks along the Stono R. revolted and tried to Stono R. revolted and tried to march to Spanish Florida, but march to Spanish Florida, but failedfailed
Slave RebellionsSlave Rebellions