ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

SUCI CHAIRUNISSA201212501140

LIA NURJANAH 201212501170

ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

STRESS DEFINITION

AND

DEGREE

DERIVITIONALSUFFIXES THAT AFFECT

STRESS

WORD STRESS

STRESS DEFINITION

AND

DEGREE

IS SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURE OF LANGUANGE THAT’S IS OCCUR

SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH SEGMENTS, THE CONSONANT

AND VOWEL DESCRIBED IN PERCEDING CHAPTERS

WHAT IS STRESS

CHARACTERISTICS OF STRESS

• LOUDER IN VOLUME

• LONGER IN DURATION

• HIGHER IN PITCH

WHEN A SYLLABLE IS STRESSED, IT IS PRONOUNCED :

LEVEL OF STRESSUnstressed : having no

recognizable amount of prominence.

Primary Stress (‘) : stress which the most

prominenceSecondary stress (,) :

stronger than unstressed but weaker than the

primary stress

EXAMPLE OF WORD STRESS

DERIVATIONAL

DEFINITION DERIVATIONALTHE PROCESS OF FORMING A NEW

WORD ON THE BASIS OF

AN EXISTING WORD

SUFFIXESIs a group of letters placed at the end 

of a word to make a new word.

A suffix can make a new word in one of two ways:• Inflectional (grammatic

al)• Derivational (the new

word has a new meaning,

"derived" from the original word)

DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES, WHICH SOMETIMES AFFECT, ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES:

1.STRESS-PRESERVING2.STRESS-ATTRACTING3.STRESS-SHIFTING

STRESS-PRESERVING SUFFIXES produce change in stress placement in words. An example is the suffix –Ful, which changes a noun into an adjectives, For example:

‘wonder/’wonderful. ‘beauty/’beautiful. ‘success/’successful.

Receive primary stress: for example, -ee,

which changes a verb into a noun as in,

STRESS-ATTRACTING SUFFIXES

for example:

em’ploy/ employ’ee.

re’fuge/refug’ee

Make the stress shift, but not to the suffix that caused shift.

An example of a stress-shifting suffix is –ive, which changes a noun into an adjective ,

For example:

‘reflex/re’flexive

STRESS-SHIFTING SUFFIXES

EXAMPLE

WORDS

SUFFIX

AFTER ADDING SUFFIX

‘comfort

‘-able’

‘comfortable’

‘wonder

‘-ful’ ‘wonderful’

‘amaze

‘-ing’ ‘amazing’

‘person

‘-age’ ‘personage’

‘refuse

‘-al’ ‘refusal’

derivational suffixes do not affect the stress