ENGLISH NOTE CARDS

Ruxton, Carrie. “Obesity in Children.” Nursing Standard 28.10 (2004): 47-52. Print.

Obesity rises as children get older with a major ‘at risk’ period occurring during adolescence, particularly in girls.

The trend in adults is for more men to be overweight and more women to be obese. The picture is less clear in children. Surveys using BMI suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher in boys. However, BMI fails to distinguish between fat and fat-free mass (muscle and bone), suggesting that the index could exaggerate obesity in large, muscular boys.

C. Gonzalez-Suarez, K. Grimmer-Somers and A. Worley, 2009. Is Food Intake Associated with Pre-Adolescent Obesity? An Observational Study in Metromanila, Philippines. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1: 107-119.

Overweight and obesity had a higher prevalence for both boys and girls than the national figures published five years earlier (Food and Nutrition Research Institute, 2003). It was also higher than a study in a similar geographic area in Cebu 6 years earlier (Lim et al., 2003) (4% overweight and 2.7% obese vs. 8.7% overweight and 8.7% obese).

Florentino, Rodolfo F. “The burden of obesity in Asia: Challenges in assessment, prevention, and management.” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 11.8 (2002): 676-80. Print.

Global estimates in 2010 suggested that 35 million children were overweight or obese, with this figure likely to double by 2020. 1 The increasing international trend for overweight and obesity in childhood is occurring alongside an escalation in poor eating and physical activity behaviors. The epidemic of obesity in Asia has been fuelled by the rapid nutrition and physical activity transition being more commonly experienced. Energy-dense and often poor quality foods are more widely available and the typical lifestyle of many children is characterized by low levels of physical activity and a predisposition to inactive or sedentary behaviors.

Florentino, Rodolfo F., Villavieja, Gracia M., and Ruby D. Laña. “Dietary and physical activity patterns of 8- to 10-year-old urban school children in Manila, Philippines.” Food & Nutrition Bulletin 23.3 (2003): 267-73. Print.

In the Philippines, national nutrition surveys showed an increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight among schoolchildren in the last decade: from 5.7% (> 95th percentile for local weightfor-age standards) in 1989–1990 [1] to 8.0% in 1993 [2], and to 8.8% in 1996 [3]. In the highly urbanized city of Metro Manila, the prevalence was even higher than the national average and has increased more rapidly, from 9.7% in 1989–1990 to 16.3% in 1996.

Ramachandran, Ambady., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha., Shetty, Samith A., Arun, Nanditha, and Priscilla Susairaj. “Obesity in Asia – is it different from the rest of the world.” Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews 28.2 (2012): 48-59. Print.

Contrary to the occurrence of cardio metabolic risks and its clustering in obese children in the western countries [30], we had observed a high prevalence of the risk factors (65%) even among normal weight Asian Indian urban children and adolescents [31]. As expected, the percentage of abnormalities increased (85%) and their clustering also occurred more commonly in overweight children

"Obesity ." Obesity. Web. 5 Feb. 2015.

Evidence

“Obesity.” NHS Choices. 30 April 2013. Web. 28 Jan 2015. <http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Obesity/Pages/Introduction.aspx>

“The burden of Obesity in Asia: Challenges in assessment, prevention, and management.” by Florentino, Rodolfo F. et. al.

“Prader-Willi syndrome.” NHS Choices. 27 March 2014. Web. 2 Feb 2015. <http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prader-willi-syndrome/Pages/Introduction.aspx>

Today, among the affluent people around the world, including those in developing nations, obesity afflicts about 20 percent of children aged 6 to 11, and more alarmingly, about 10 percent of those aged 2 to 5 are obese. Among those between ages 12 and 19, 18 percent are also obese.

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