ENGLISH-LANGUAGE Accclucknow.com/Important_News/Temp_Assignments14.pdf · ) S lss 3 Session 4...
Transcript of ENGLISH-LANGUAGE Accclucknow.com/Important_News/Temp_Assignments14.pdf · ) S lss 3 Session 4...
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ENGLISH-LANGUAGE
Class8
2020-2021
Assignment–1
SimplePresentTense
Thesimplepresent(alsocalledpresentsimpleorpresentindefinite)isaverbtense
whichisusedtoshowrepetition,habitorgeneralization.Lesscommonly,thesimple
presentcanbeusedtotalkaboutscheduledactionsinthenearfutureand,insome
cases,actionshappeningnow.
SimplePresentForms
Thesimplepresentisjustthebaseformoftheverb.Questionsaremadewithdoand
negativeformsaremadewithdonot.
Statement:YouspeakEnglish.
Question:DoyouspeakEnglish?
Negative:YoudonotspeakEnglish.
Inthethirdpersonsingular,-sor-esisadded.Questionsaremadewithdoesand
negativeformsaremadewithdoesnot.
Statement:HespeaksEnglish.
Question:DoeshespeakEnglish?
Negative:HedoesnotspeakEnglish
SimplePresentUses
USE1RepeatedActions
Usethesimplepresenttoexpresstheideathatanactionisrepeatedorusual.The
actioncanbeahabit,ahobby,adailyevent,ascheduledeventorsomethingthat
oftenhappens.Itcanalsobesomethingapersonoftenforgetsorusuallydoesnot
do.
Examples:
Iplaytennis.
Shedoesnotplaytennis.
Doesheplaytennis?
Thetrainleaveseverymorningat8AM.
Thetraindoesnotleaveat9AM.
Whendoesthetrainusuallyleave?
Shealwaysforgetsherpurse.
Heneverforgetshiswallet.
Everytwelvemonths,theEarthcirclestheSun.
DoestheSuncircletheEarth?
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USE2FactsorGeneralizations
Thesimplepresentcanalsoindicatethespeakerbelievesthatafactwastruebefore,
istruenow,andwillbetrueinthefuture.Itisnotimportantifthespeakeriscorrect
aboutthefact.Itisalsousedtomakegeneralizationsaboutpeopleorthings.
Examples:
Catslikemilk.
Birdsdonotlikemilk.
Dopigslikemilk?
CaliforniaisinAmerica.
CaliforniaisnotintheUnitedKingdom.
Windowsaremadeofglass.
Windowsarenotmadeofwood.
NewYorkisasmallcity.Itisnotimportantthatthisfactisuntrue.
USE3ScheduledEventsintheNearFuture
Speakersoccasionallyusesimplepresenttotalkaboutscheduledeventsinthenear
future.Thisismostcommonlydonewhentalkingaboutpublictransportation,butit
canbeusedwithotherscheduledeventsaswell.
Examples:
Thetrainleavestonightat6PM.
Thebusdoesnotarriveat11AM,itarrivesat11PM.
Whendoweboardtheplane?
Thepartystartsat8o'clock.
Whendoesclassbegintomorrow?
USE4Now(Non-ContinuousVerbs)Speakerssometimesusethesimplepresentto
expresstheideathatanactionishappeningorisnothappeningnow.Thiscanonly
bedonewithnon-continuousverbsandcertainmixedverbs.
Examples:
Iamherenow.
Sheisnotherenow.
Heneedshelprightnow.
Hedoesnotneedhelpnow.
Hehashispassportinhishand.
Doyouhaveyourpassportwithyou?
Exercises:
Rewritethefollowingsentencesintheirnegativeforms:
1. Harshhelpsinthekitchen.
2. Itisraining.
3. Nidhihasapetdog.
4. SusieandShyamaareworkinginthegarden.
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5. Wearescaredofspiders.
6. Iamtired.
7. Raviandhisfriendsplayfootballeveryevening.
8. Iaminameetingnow.
9. Larryhasabluebicycle.
10. Thestudentispunctual.
Fillintheblankswithsimplepresenttenseformofverbs:
1. I___________atabank.(work)
2. She__________withherparents.(live)
3. Cows__________ongrass.(feed)
4. He_______ahandsomesalary.(earn)
5. Janet________tobeasinger.(want)
6. Emily__________deliciouscookies.(make)
7. Artiandherhusband_______inSingapore.(live)
8. RohanandSania____________toplaycardgames.(like)
9. Sophia_________Englishverywell.(speak)
10. Martin__________forawalkinthemorning.(go)
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ENGLISHLITERATURE
Class-VIII
2020-21
Assignment-1
TOPIC-INTHEBAZAARSOFHYDERABAD
IntheBazaarofHyderabadisaamazingpoemwrittenbySarojiniNaidu.The
poemwaswritten as a part of the SwadeshiMovement. The poem is in the
formofquestionsandanswersthatmakesthepictureofthebazaarvisibleto
us.
Thepoembeginswithquestions tomerchantaboutwhat theyaresellingas
they display red and silver colour turbans, brocade tunics, mirror and
daggers.
Thenshevisitsvendors,maidensandthepeddlers.Theyareweighingsaffron
lentilsandrice.Themaidensaregrindingsandalwood,hennaandspicesand
thesalesmenaresellingchessmenanddiceforchess.
Answerthefollowingquestions:-
Q.1.HowwillyoudescribeanIndianmarket?
Q.2.Whatarethefewthings,thataresoldinanIndianmarket?
Q.3Whicharticleofcommonuseissoldtomostofthepeople?
Q.4.Whatisapoetry?
Referencetocontext:-
Whatdoyousell,OyeMerchants?
Richlyyourwaresaredisplayed.
Q.n.1-WhatisbeingaskedfromtheMerchants?
Q.n.2-Whatisthepurposeofdisplayingtheirarticlesinthebazaar?
Matchthefollowingwordswiththemeaningswrittenbelowthenusethemin
yourownsentences:
Crimson,wares,tunic,brocade,amber,dagger
1) Aloosegarment
2) Sword
3) Red
4) Articlesofferedforsale
5) Orangecolouredresin
6) Arichfabricwovenwithgoldorsilverthread.
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MATHS
Class8
Session–2020-21
Assignment–1TOPIC:RATIONALNUMBERS
Firstly,webeginwithrevisionofsometermslike-
Naturalnumbers:Thecountingnumbers1,2,3……arecallednaturalnumbers.
Whole numbers: The natural numbers together with zero form a set of whole
numbersi.e.0,1,2,3….
Integers:Naturalnumbersalongwithzeroand theirnegativesarecalled integers
i.e.………-3,-2,
-1,0,1,2,3……
NOTE:Zeroistheonlyintegerthathasnosign.
Therefore, a number which canbe expressed in the formp/q, where p and q are
integersandq≠0iscalledarationalnumber.Forexample:2/7, -3/8,2, -7, -1/3
areallrationalnumbers.
NOTE:Everyintegerisarationalnumberbuteveryrationalnumberisnotaninteger.
Everynaturalnumberisarationalnumberbutnotvice-versa.
Thesetofrationalnumbersisinfinite.
A rational number should always be expressed in standard form i.e. the
denominatorwillalways
havepositivesignandtherationalnumberbeinsimplifiedform.
If the numerator and denominator of a rational number have the same sign, it is
calledapositiverationalnumber.E.g.1/3,-3/-4,areallpositiverationalnumber.
Ifthenumeratoranddenominatorofarationalnumberhavetheoppositesign,itis
calledanegativerationalnumber.E.g.-4/7,3/-8,areallnegativerationalnumbers.
Rationalnumbershavingthesamevaluearecalledequivalentrationalnumbers.E.g.
Additionofrationalnumbers:
Ifthedenominatorsofrationalnumbersareequal,thentheadditionwillbeinthis
way-
Forexample:
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If thedenominatorsof rationalnumbersaredifferent, then theadditionwillbe in
thisway-
Forexample:
Exercise1.1Q1. Findthesum:
(i) 5/8+(-7/8)(ii) 19/30+(-9/30)
Q2. Add:
(i) 7/16and-3/4 (ii) -17/20and-3/7
Q3. Simplify:
(i) 7/10+(-4/5)+(-9/10) (ii) (-7/6)+3/8+¼
Propertiesofrationalnumbers:
Additiveidentity:Thesumofzeroandanyrationalnumberistherationalnumber
itself.
NOTE:Zeroiscalledtheadditiveidentity.
Ifa/bbeanyrationalnumber,then
a/b+0=0+a/b=a/b
Additive inverse: The additive inverse of any rational number is the rational
numberitselfwithoppositesign.Whenitisaddedtothegivenrationalnumber, it
giveszeroasthesum.
Ifa/bbeanyrationalnumber,then
a/b+(-a/b)=0where(-a/b)isadditiveinverseofgivenrationalnumber.
Exercise1.2
Q1. Add:
(i) -8/11+0 (ii)5/3+(-5/3)
Q2. Writetheadditiveinverseofthefollowingrationalnumbers:
(i) -3/11 (ii) 3/-19
Q3.
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PHYSICS
Class8
Session–2020-21
Assignment–1
TOPIC:MATTERThisisawellknowntopicwhichdoesnotrequireanyintroduction.Butstilljustfor
revisionwewillgothroughsomebasicpoints:
Matterisanysubstancewhichhasmassandoccupiesspace. Matteriscomposedofverysmallparticleswhichmaybemolecules,atomsor
ions.
Matterexistsinthreephysicalstates-solidstate,liquidstate&gaseousstate.
.
Kineticmoleculartheoryexplainsthecharacteristicsofthethreestatesof
matter&theirinterconversion.
Differenceincharacteristicsofthreestatesofmatter:
Parameters Solids Liquids Gases
Packingof
molecules
Closelypacked Looselypacked Veryloosely
packed
Intermolecular
space
Verylow Morethansolids
lessthangases
Maximum
Intermolecular
forceof
attraction
Verystrong Lessthansolids
morethangases
Negligible
Molecular
movement
Possessonly
vibratorymotion,
butthemean
positionisfixed
Possesstranslatory
&rotatorymotion
inadditionto
vibratorymotion
Possess
translatory,
rotatory&
vibratorymotionin
alldirections
Kineticenergy Verylowkinetic
energy
Kineticenergy
morethansolids
Kineticenergyis
highest
Solidshavedefinitemass,shape&volume.
Liquidshavedefinitemass&volumebutnodefiniteshape;theytakethe
shapeofthevesselinwhichtheyarekept.
Gaseshavedefinitemass,butnodefiniteshapeorvolume.
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Intermolecularforceofattractionisinverselyproportionaltointermolecular
spacei.e.morespacebetweentheparticlesofmatter,lessintermolecular
forceofattractionbetweentheparticles.
Allparticleshaveadefinitespatialarrangement.
Allparticlesareinconstantrandommotionduetowhichtheparticlesof
matterpossesskineticenergy.
Answerthefollowing:
Q1. Namethestateofmatterthathas:
(i) thegreatestintermolecularspace.
(ii) theleastinintermolecularforceofattraction.
(iii) hasfixedvolume&shape.
(iv) nofixedvolume&nofixedshape.
(v) themaximumfreedomofmovementofitsparticles
Q2. Fillintheblanks:
(i) Theparticlesofasubstanceare________packedinasolidstate. (ii) Asubstancewhichhas________intermolecularforceofattractionwill
haveahighmeltingpoint.
(iii) Theparticlesofmatterarein_______motionastheyhave_______energy.(iv) Liquidsare_______compressible.(v) Gaseshave_______densities.
Q3. Givereasons:
(i) Solidsdonotdiffuseintooneanother.
(ii) Liquidsaswellasgasesarecalledfluids.
Q4. Whatarethethreecharacteristicsofmatter.
Q5. Findtheoddoneout&givereasonforyouranswer:
(i) Compressibility,nodefiniteshape,diffusibility,leastkineticenergy.
(ii) Nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen,water.
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CHEMISTRY
Class–8
2020–2021
Assignment–1
Chapter–MatterMatter–matterisdefinedasanythingthathasmassandoccupiesspace.
Matteroccursinthreestatesi.e.solid,liquidandgas.Allstatesofmatteraremade
ofnumerous
particles(atomsormolecules).Thespacebetweentheseparticlesiscalled
intermolecularspaceandtheforceofattractionbetweentheparticlesiscalled
intermolecularforceofattraction.
Characteristicsofsolids
1.Insolidstheparticlesaretightlypacked.Sotheyhaveafixedshapeandvolume.
2.Densityofsolidsisveryhigh.
3.Solidsarerigidandcannotflow.
4.Solidscannotbecompressed.
5.Intermolecularforceofattractioninsolidsisveryhighastheparticlesaretightly
packed.
Characteristicsofaliquid
1.Inliquidstheparticlesarelesstightlypackedascomparedtosolidsandsotheir
intermolecularforceofattractionislessthansolids.
2.Densityofliquidsislessthansolids.
3.Liquidscanbecompressedtoalittleextent.
4.Liquidshavenodefiniteshapebuthaveadefinitevolume.
5.Liquidsarelessrigidandcanflow.
6.Liquidshaveonefreesurface.
Characteristicsofgases
1.Gaseshavenegligibleintermolecularforceofattractionandsotheirmoleculesare
farapartfromeachother.
2.Gasescanbecompressedtoagreatextent.
3.Gasescanflowveryeasilybecauseofnegligibleforceofattraction.
4.Gasesdonothaveadefiniteshapenorvolume.
5.Gaseshavetheleastdensity.
6.Gaseshavenofreesurface.
Interconversionofmatter
Theconversionofoneformofmatterintoanotherandbacktoitsoriginalstateis
calledinterconversionofmatter.
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Termsrelatedtotheinterconversionofmatter
1.Melting/Fusion-thechangeofstatefromsolidtoaliquidataparticular
temperatureiscalledmelting.Thetemperatureatwhichmeltingtakesplaceis
calledmeltingpoint.
2.Freezing/solidification-thechangeofstatefromliquidtoasolidataparticular
temperatureisfreezing.Thetemperatureatwhichfreezingtakesplaceiscalled
freezingpoint.
3.Boiling-thechangeofstatefromliquidtoagasataparticulartemperatureis
calledboiling.Thetemperatureatwhichliquidboilsiscalledit’sboilingpoint.
4.Evaporation-thechangeofstatefromliquidtogashappeningatalltemperatures.
5.Condensation/liquifactionThechangeofstatefromgastoliquidoncoolingata
particulartemperatureiscalledcondensation.Thetemperatureatwhich
condensationoccursiscalledtheliquifactiontemperature.
6.Sublimation-thechangeofstatefromsoliddirectlyintoagasonheatingand
backintoasolidoncoolingiscalledsublimation.
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Answerthefollowingquestions-:
1.Definematter.Namethethreestatesofmatter.
2.Whatisinterconversionofmatter.
3.Comparethethreestatesofmatteronthebasicofthefollowingpoints-
i)Density
ii)intermolecularspace
iii)Compressibility
iv)Fluidity
v)Shapeandvolume
4.Definethefollowingterms-
i)Sublimation
ii)Melting
iii)Liquifaction
iv)Evaporation
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BIOLOGY
Class-8
2020-21
Assignment–1TOPIC-REPRODUCTIONINPLANTS(ASEXUALREPRODUCTION)
Beforestartingwhatisasexualreproductionwewillfirstunderstandwhat
reproductionisandwhatistheimportanceofreproduction.
“Reproductionistheprocessofgivingrisetonewindividualorganismfromtheir
parents”
Meaningwhenaparentgivesbirthtoanewindividualisknownasreproduction.
Therearetwotypesofreproductionsexualandasexualreproduction.
IMPORTANCE:
Theimportanceofreproductionistoprotectthespeciesfromextinction.
Nowwewillcometowhatisasexualreproduction.
“Asexualreproductionistypeofreproductioninwhichonlyoneparentisrequireto
givebirthorriseaindividualorganism”
Inasexualreproductiontwogametes(cells)arenotrequired.Asexualreproduction
isasimplestmethodthattakesplaceinorganismwhosebodieshavesimple
structure.
Asexualreproductionisoffollowingtype:
a) BinaryFission
b) Budding
c) SporeFormation
d) Fragmentation
e) Regeneration
f) VegetativePropagation
Firstwewilldiscussfirsttwotypeofasexualreproduction
1) BinaryFission:binarymeanstwoandfissionmeansdivision,
Whenaparentcellgetsdividedintotwodaughtercellsisknownasbinary
fission.
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BINARYFISSIONINBACTERIA
Inbinaryfissionthebacteriumdividesintotwodaughtercellandeachdaughtercell
arecapableofgrowingintoaindividualcell.Atfirstthenuclearmaterialwillstart
dividingafterthatcellmembranewillstartdividingduetocontractiondevelopment
andattheendthesinglecellbacteriumwillbedividedintotwodaughtercells.
2) Budding:Buddingisatypeofasexualreproductioninwhichaneworganism
developsfromanoutgrowthorbudduetocelldivisionatoneparticularsite.
Inbuddinganoutgrowththatiscalledbudappearsonthebodyoftheorganismor
parentbodyhavingallthecytoplasmicmaterialinit,eventuallyaftersometimethat
budwilldetachesfromtheparentbodyandwillbecapabletogrowinanindividual.
QUESTIONS:
1) Whatisthemethodofreproductioninyeast?
2) Whatisthemethodofreproductioninbacteria?
3) Drawwelllabelleddiagramofbinaryfissioninbacteria?
4) Drawwelllabelleddiagramofbuddinginyeast?
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5) Whatdoyouunderstandbyasexualreproduction?
6) Whatdoyouunderstandbyreproduction?Writethetypesofreproductions.
7) In______anoutgrowthdevelopsupontheparentplantandthenbreaksaway
fromit.(Fragmentation/budding)
8) _______reproducebybinaryfission.(bacteria/virus)
9) In_______typeofreproductiononlysingleparentisrequired.(asexual/
sexual)
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HISTORY
Class-VIII
2020-2021
Assignment–1
TOPIC-APERIODOFTRANSITIONHistorianshavedividedhistoryintothreeperiods-ancient,medievalandmodern.It
mustberememberedthatthechangefrommedievaltomodernwasagradual
processandtookplaceoveraperiodoftime.
The18thcenturyisgenerallytakenasthestartingpointofthemodernperiodin
India.ThiswasthetimewhentheBritishbecamethemastersofIndia.Ontheother
hand,themodernperiodinEuropebeganfromthe16thcentury.
Sources
ThereisanabundanceofsourcematerialsforthemodernperiodinIndia.Thesecan
bedividedintotwogroups-primarysourceandsecondarysource.
Primarysourceincludeoriginaldocumentssuchasletters,governmentreports,
autobiographies,newspapers,audioandvideorecordingsandarchaeological
remainssuchasmonumentsandartefacts.Manyofthesearepreservedinarchives
andmuseums.
SecondarysourcesHistoriansstudyprimarysourcesandinterpretthem.These
interpretationsaresecondarysources.Example-reports,reviews,articlesand
booksbyhistorians.
MODERNEUROPE
Themodernperiodischaracterizedbygreaterinteractionamongthecountriesof
theworld.Therefore,itisimportanttoknowaboutthesignificanteventsand
changesthattookplaceinotherpartsoftheworldduringthistime.
Renaissance
ThewordRenaissanceliterallymeans‘rebirth’.Itwasaculturalmovementthat
spannedroughlythe14thcenturyand17thcentury.ThemovementbeganinItaly
andspreadtotherestofEurope.Itaimedtoreviveclassicalglory,learningand
cultureofancientGreeceandRome.Art,architecture,literature,philosophyand
scienceofthisperiodwereinfluencedbytherenaissance.TheRenaissancethinkers
wererationalist.Theyaskedpeoplenottoblindlyacceptwhateverthechurchtold
them.Peoplewereaskedtojudgeandacceptthingsinthelightofreason.Humans
becamethecentreofstudyduringtheRenaissance.Secularthemesanddepictionof
thehumanformbecamethefocusofpaintingandsculptures.Michaelangelo
Buonarroti,WilliamShaekespear,LeonardodaVinci,NicolausCopernicus,Galileo
GalileiandIsaacNewtonaresomeimportantnamesofthatperiod.
Reformation
TheReformationwasanimportantmovementinthehistoryofEurope.Thenew
spiritofenquiryopposedthepracticesoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Somepeople
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spokeoutagainstthechurchfortheybelievedthatithadbecometoorich,powerful
andcorrupt.ThesepeoplewerecalledtheProtestants.
ProtestsagainstthecorruptpracticesofthechurchofficialswasledbyMartin
Luther,amonkinGermany.InSwitzerland,UlrichZwingliandJohnCalvin
popularizedtheprotestantmovement.InEngland,themovementwasledbyHenry
VIII.InresponsetotheProtestantreformation,amovementbeganwithinthe
RomanCatholicChurchtorestorethereputationandcredibilityofthechurch.This
isknownastheCatholicReformation.
EXERCISESTrueorFalse:
1.ThemodernperiodinIndiabeganinthe18thcentury.
2.Photographsaresecondarysources.
3.TheRenaissancethinkerswerecalledrationalists.
4.ChristopherColumbusledthereformationmovement.
5.Archaeologicalremainsaresecondarysources.
6.JohnCalvinwasafamousrenaissancepainterandsculptor.
7.Reformationledtothegrowthofnewtownsandcities.
8.InEnglandtheReformationmovementwasledbyHenryVIII.
9.UlrichZwingliwasamonkinGermany.
10.ModernperiodinEuropebeganfromthe16thcentury.
Answerthefollowing:
1.WhichmovementmarkedthebeginningofthemodernperiodinEurope?
2.WhatwerethepeoplewhospokeagainstthecorruptpracticesoftheChurch
called?
3.WhendidthemodernperiodbegininEurope?
4.Writetwoexamplesofsecondarysources.
5.WhatdoesRenaissancemean?Inwhichcountrydidthemovementbegin?
6.WhoweretheProtestants?Withwhichmovementaretheyassociated?
7.Withreferencetothemodernperiod,discussthefollowing:
a.Primarysourcesb.Secondarysources
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GEOGRAPHY
Class-8
2020-21
Assignment-1
Ls.RepresentationofGeographicalFeaturesTopographicalmaps
Thelarge-scalemaps,preparedbytheSurveyofIndia,basedontheactualfield
surveyarecalledthetopographicalmapsortoposheets.Thesemapsshowthe
detailsaboutlandforms,drainagepatterns,landuse,settlementpatterns,transport,
forestsandculturalfeaturesofaverysmallarea.
Accordingtothescale,thetoposheetsarecategorizedintothreemaingroups.
*Millionsheets*Quartersheets
*Quadrantsheets
MillionsheetsIndiaandtheadjoiningcountriesare
dividedinto4°*4°sheetsThesesheetsarecalledthemillionsheetsTheextentof
eachmillionsheetis4°oflatitudesand4°oflongitudes.Atotalof36millionsheets
aredrawntocoverourwholecountry.Thescaleofthesesheetsis1:1,000,000or
1cm:10km
QuartersheetsAmillionsheetisdividedinto16
equalparts.Eachpartofamillionsheetiscalledthequartersheet.Theextentof
eachquartersheetis1°oflatitudeand1°oflongitude.Thescaleofthesesheetsis
1:250,000or1cm:2.5km.
Quadrantsheets Aquartersheetisfurthersub-divided
into16equalparts.Eachpartofaquartersheetiscalledthequadrantsheet.The
extentofeachquadrantsheetis1/4°oflatitudeor1/4°oflongitude.Thescaleof
thesesheetsis1:50,000or2cm:1km.
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Gridsystem. Mostofthemapshavea
networkoflatitudesandlongitudes.Thisnetworkiscalledagrid.Thegridisuseful
tolocateplacesonthemap.
Anarbitrarygridsystem
Onatoposheet,itisdifficulttocalculatetheexactlatitudeandlongitudeofaplace.
Tosolvethisproblem,asetofverticalandhorizontallinesaredrawninred.These
linesalsoformagridandanetworkofsquares.Thisiscalledthearbitrarygrid
system.
Features.
*Thesouth-westcornerorthebottom-leftcornerofatoposheetisalwaystakenas
thestartingpoint.
*Theverticalgridlines,drawnfromnorthtosouth,arecalledtheeastings.Theyare
socalledbecausetheylietowardstheeastofthesouth-westcorner.
*Thehorizontalgridlines,drawnfromeasttowestarecalledthenorthings.They
aresocalledbecausetheylietowardsthenorthofthesouth-westcorner.
*Theeastingsandthenorthingsintersecttoformanetworkofsquarescalledthe
arbitrarygridsystem.Eachsquareinthearbitrarygridsystemiscalledthegrid
square.
*Theeastingsandthenorthingsarealwaysdrawntwocentimetresapart.Thus,one
gridsquarerepresentsanareaofonesquarekilometreontheground.
*Thegridlinesarenumberedintwodigitssuchas00,01,02,....99.Thenumberingis
usefultolocateplacesandfeatures.
*Thevalueoftheeastingsandnorthingsincreaseeastwardsandnorthwardsfrom
thesouth-westcornerrespectively.
*Whilegivingthegridreferenceofaplace,theeastingsarealwaysquotedfirstand
thenthenorthings.
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Filluptheblanks:-
1.___millionsheetsaredrawntocoverthewholeofIndia.
2.Amillionsheetisdividedinto__equalparts,calledthe__sheet.
3.Indiaandtheadjoiningcountriesaredividedinto__sheets.
4.Eachpartofaquartersheetiscalledthe__sheet.
5.Theverticalgridlinesarecalled__andthehorizontalgridlinesarecalled__.
Correctthestatements:-
1.Toposheetsshowthedetailsofaverylargearea
2.Asetofverticalandhorizontallinesaredrawninbluetoformthearbitrarygrid
system.
3.Thebottom-rightcornerofatoposheetisalwaystakenasthestartingpoint.
4.Thegridlinesdrawnfromnorthtosoutharecallednorthings.
5.Thevalueoftheeastingsandnorthingsdecreaseeastwardsandnorthwardsfrom
thesouth-westcornerrespectively.
Answerthequestions:-
1.Whataretoposheets?Whatdotheyshow?
2.Accordingtoscalethetoposheetscanbedividedintohowmanymaingroups?
Namethemandalsowritethescaleofeach.
3.Whatisgrid?Howisituseful?
4.Itisdifficulttocalculatetheexactlatitudeandlongitudeofaplaceonatopo
sheet.Whatisdonetosolvethisproblem?Whatisitcalled?
5.Whatisgridsquare?Howaregridlinesnumberedandhowisthenumbering
useful?
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COMPUTERAPPLICATION
Class-8
2020-2021
Assignment-1
Chapter-1OperatingSystem(OS)andGUIIntroduction-
Acomputerworksonlyontheinstructionswhicharegivenbytheuser.Allthose
instructions,whicharespecificallywrittenforperformingdefinitetaskarecalled
SoftwareorProgram.Someofthesoftwaremakesthehardwaretoworkonthe
instructionsprovided.Byusingdifferenttypesofsoftware,thesamesetof
hardwareofcomputerperformsdifferentfunctions.Forexampleacomputercan
write(usingkeyboard),print(usingprinter),save(usinganystoragemedium)or
candoanyothertaskatthesametimeaspertheinstructionsgivenbythe
software/program.
Softwarecanbebasicallyclassifiedintotwomajorcategories:-
i) SystemSoftware ii).ApplicationSoftware
SystemSoftware-SystemSoftwareisthesoftwarewhichisrequiredforthe
internalfunctioningofthecomputer.Allthedevices(likekeyboard,mouseetc)
whichareattachedwithcomputerarecheckedandmanagedbythissoftware.One
ofthemajorsystemsoftwareisOperatingSystem.
ApplicationSoftware–ApplicationSoftwareisthesoftware,whichisdesignedand
developedforperformingday-to-dayactivitiesdonebyacomputerliketyping,
presentationetc.someoftheexamplesareMSWord,PowerPointetc.
I. AnswerthefollowingQuestions:-
Q1-WhatisSoftware?
Q2-Namethetwocategoriesinwhichsoftwarearebasicallyclassified?
Q3-ExplainSystemSoftwareandApplicationSoftware.
Q4-NameoneofthemajorSystemSoftware.
Q5-GivetwoexamplesofApplicationSoftware.
II. Fillintheblanks:-
i. Acomputerworksonlyonthe__________whicharegivenbytheuser.
ii. Allthoseinstructionswhicharespecificallywrittenforperformingadefinite
taskarecalled________.
iii. Softwarecanbebasicallyclassifiedinto_____majorcategories.
iv. ___________softwareisrequiredforinternalfunctioningofthecomputer.
v. __________softwareisdesignedanddevelopedforperformingday-to-day
activitiesdonebyacomputer.
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GENERALKNOWLEDGE
Class8
2020-2021
Assignment1 Identifythesefamousfreedomfightersandnamethem:
1. HeisaTibetiansymbolofnotonlytheirreligionbuttheirstruggleagainst
Chineseoccupation_____________
2. HeisanIndiannationalistleaderwhostruggledtoalienatepoverty,to
liberatewomenandtoputanendtocastdiscrimination__________.
3. HefoughtagainstapartheidinSouthAfricaandwaspresidentofthecountry
for5yearsin1990’s_________.
4. HewasaChiiricahuaApachechieffamousforhisstringofrevoltsagainst
Spanishoccupationheenduredformostofhislife___________.
Currentaffairs:
Basicprotectivemeasuresagainstthenewcoronavirus StayawareofthelatestinformationontheCOVID-19outbreak,availableon
theWHOwebsiteandthroughyournationalandlocalpublichealthauthority.
Mostpeoplewhobecomeinfectedexperiencemildillnessandrecover,butit
canbemoresevereforothers.Takecareofyourhealthandprotectothersby
doingthefollowing:
Washyourhandsfrequently Regularlyandthoroughlycleanyourhandswithanalcohol-basedhandrub
orwashthemwithsoapandwater.
Why?Washingyourhandswithsoapandwaterorusingalcohol-basedhandrubkillsvirusesthatmaybeonyourhands.
Maintainsocialdistancing Maintainatleast1metre(3feet)distancebetweenyourselfandanyonewho
iscoughingorsneezing.
Why?Whensomeonecoughsorsneezestheyspraysmallliquiddropletsfromtheirnoseormouthwhichmaycontainvirus.Ifyouaretooclose,you
canbreatheinthedroplets,includingtheCOVID-19virusiftheperson
coughinghasthedisease.
Avoidtouchingeyes,noseandmouth Why?Handstouchmanysurfacesandcanpickupviruses.Once
contaminated,handscantransferthevirustoyoureyes,noseormouth.From
there,theviruscanenteryourbodyandcanmakeyousick.
Practicerespiratoryhygiene Makesureyou,andthepeoplearoundyou,followgoodrespiratoryhygiene.
Thismeanscoveringyourmouthandnosewithyourbentelbowortissue
whenyoucoughorsneeze.Thendisposeoftheusedtissueimmediately.
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Why?Dropletsspreadvirus.Byfollowinggoodrespiratoryhygieneyouprotectthepeoplearoundyoufromvirusessuchascold,fluandCOVID-19.
Ifyouhavefever,coughanddifficultybreathing,seekmedicalcareearly
Stayhomeifyoufeelunwell.Ifyouhaveafever,coughanddifficultybreathing,seekmedicalattentionandcallinadvance.Followthedirectionsof
yourlocalhealthauthority.
Why?Nationalandlocalauthoritieswillhavethemostuptodateinformationonthesituationinyourarea.Callinginadvancewillallowyour
healthcareprovidertoquicklydirectyoutotherighthealthfacility.Thiswill
alsoprotectyouandhelppreventspreadofvirusesandotherinfections.
Stayinformedandfollowadvicegivenbyyourhealthcareprovider StayinformedonthelatestdevelopmentsaboutCOVID-19.Followadvice
givenbyyourhealthcareprovider,yournationalandlocalpublichealth
authorityoryouremployeronhowtoprotectyourselfandothersfrom
COVID-19.
Why?NationalandlocalauthoritieswillhavethemostuptodateinformationonwhetherCOVID-19isspreadinginyourarea.Theyarebest
placedtoadviseonwhatpeopleinyourareashouldbedoingtoprotect
themselves.
1. Coronavirusoriginatedfromwhichcountry?
2. Whodeclared‘JantaCurfew’inIndiaandwhen?
3. Writefourmeasureswecantaketopreventcoronavirus.
4. Whatismeantbythetermsocialdistancing?
5. Whatdoyouunderstandby‘CompleteLockdown’?
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MORALSCIENCE
Class8
2020-2021
Assignment1
Chapter1:GodiswithusReadthestorycarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions:
OnedaySnehaaskedhergrandma,“howisitthatyouarealwayssohappy?You
havesomuchenergyandyouneverseemtobeinlowspirits.”
Withhereyessmiling,grandmasaid,“Iknowthesecret!”
“Whatsecretisthat?”askedSneha.
Towhichgrandmareplied,“I’lltellyouallaboutitbutyouhavetopromisethatyou
wouldsharethesecretwithothers.”
Grandmathendisclosedthesecret:
IhavelearntthereislittleIcandoinmylifethatwillmakemetrulyhappy.I
mustdependonGodtomakemehappyandmeetmyneeds.
Whenaneedarisesinmylife,,IhavetotrustGodtosupplyaccordingtohis
riches.IhavelearntmostofthetimeIdon’tneedhalfofwhatIthinkIdo.
Godhasneverletmedown.
SinceIlearntthat‘secret’,Iamhappyandfeelsecureandpositiveaboutlife.
Snehaatfirstthought,“that’stoosimple!”Butafterreflec1tingoverherownlifeshe
recalledhowshethoughtabiggerroomwouldmakeherhappybutitdidn’t!She
thoughtahikeinherpocketmoneywouldmakeherhappy,,butitdidn’t.
Sohowdidshefindhappinessinherlife?Spendingtimewithherfriends,,listening
tograndma’stalesbuyinggiftsforherparentsandthroughothersuchsmall
gestures.
Nowweknowthatsecrettoo!
Wecannotdependonpeopletomakeushappy.OnlyGodinhisinfinitewisdomcan
dothat,letuslearntotrusthim!
1. HowdoesGodtalktouswhenwefeeltheurgetodosomethingforsomeone?
2. Howdowefeelwhenweareunwellandbedriddenandwereceiveacallfrom
someone?
3. WritetwomomentswhenyoufeelthatGoddoesnotcareforyou.
4. Whatwasthesecretofgrandma’shappiness?
5. Whatisthemoralofthestory?
6. WriteashortprayertoaskforGod’shelpintimesoftrouble.
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HINDILANGUAGE
Class:VIII
2020-2021
Assignment–#1
Hkk"kk
funsZ'k & uhps fy[ks dk;Z dks /;ku iwoZd ifkrs gSa vkSj Nk= lqudj mudh ckr le>rs gSaA cPpk ekrk&firk ls cksydj vius eu ds Hkko çdV djrk gS vkSj os mldh ckr lqudj le>rs gSaA blh çdkj] Nk= Hkh v/;kid }kjk le>kbZ xbZ ckr dks fy[kdj çdV djrs gSa vkSj v/;kid mls irk gS] ekSf[kd Hkk"kk dgykrh gSA
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nwljs 'kCnksa esa& ftl /ofu dk mPpkj.k djds ;k cksydj ge viuh ckr nqljks dks le>krs gS] mls ekSf[kd Hkk"kk dgrs gSA mnkgj.k& VsyhQksu] nwjn'kZu] Hkk"k.k] okrkZyki] ukVd] jsfM;ks vkfnA
2- fyf[kr Hkk"kk%& eqds'k Nk=kokl esa jgrk gSA mlus i= fy[kdj vius ekrk&firk dks
viuh dq'kyrk o vko';drkvksa dh tkudkjh nhA ekrk&firk us i= ikbZ vkSj le>h tkrh gS] rc og lkadsfrd Hkk"kk dgykrh gSA mnkgj.k& pkSjkgs ij [kM+k ;krk;kr fu;af=r djrk flikgh] ewd&cf/kj O;fä;ksa dk okrkZyki vkfnA
IV- Hkk"kk dk vk/kkj vkSj Lo#i
,d lgh ,oa lqO;ofLFkr Hkk"kk o.kksaZ ds lqO;ofLFkr esy ls cus 'kCn] 'kCnksa ds lgh esy ls cus okD; vkSj okD;ksa ds lgh esy ls curh gSA vr% lgh LFkku ij lVhd o.kksaZ] 'kCnksa ,oa okD;ksa dk ç;ksx dj viuh Hkko dks O;ä fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkk"kk dk Lo#i rhu çdkj ls fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS &
o.kZ
'kCn
okD; ****************************
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HINDILITERATURE
Class8
2020–21
Assignment–1ek¡] dg ,d dgkuh ¼ Jh eSfFkyh 'kj.k xqIr ½
uhps fy[kh dfork dks if fy;k D;k rwus eq>dks viuh ukuh\^^ ^^dgrh gS eq>ls ;g psVh] rw esjh ukuh dh csVh dg ek¡ dg ysVh gh ysVh] jktk Fkk ;k jkuh\ ek¡ dg ,d dgkuhA^^ ^^rw gS gBh] eku/ku esjs] lqu miou esa cM+s losjs] rkr Hkze.k djrs Fks rsjs] tgk¡ lqjfHk euekuhA^^ ^^tgk¡ lqjfHk euekuh! gk¡ ek¡ ;gh dgkuhA^^ ^^o.kZ o.kZ ds Qwy f[kys Fks] >yey dj fgefcanq f>ys Fks] gyds >ksads fgys feys Fks] ygjkrk Fkk ikuhA^^ ^^ygjkrk Fkk ikuh] gk¡ gk¡ ;gh dgkuhA^^ ^^xkrs Fks [kx dy dy Loj ls] lglk ,d g¡l Åij ls] fxjk fc) gksdj [kj 'kj ls] gqbZ i{kh dh gkuhA^^ ^^gqbZ i{kh dh gkuh\ d#.kk Hkjh dgkuh!^^ ^^pkSad mUgksaus mls mBk;k] u;k tUe lk mlus ik;k] brus esa vk[ksVd vk;k] y{k flf) dk ekuhA^^ ^^y{k flf) dk ekuh! dksey dfBu dgkuhA^^ ^^ek¡xk mlus vkgr i{kh] rsjs rkr fdUrq Fks j{kh] rc mlus tks Fkk [kxHk{kh] gB djus dh BkuhA^^ ^^gB djus dh Bkuh! vc c
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Åij fy[kh dfork ds vk/kkj ij iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fyf[k,& ¼d½% çLrqr dfork esa fdl /kekZRek iq#"k ds thou dh ppkZ gks jgh gS \ ¼[k½% dfork esa ek¡ fdls gBh dg jgh gS \ ¼x½% ?kk;y gal dks fdlus cpk;k \ ¼?k½% 'kkar miou esa lglk D;k ?kfVr gqvk \ ¼M½% dfork ds vk/kkj ij miou dh lqanjrk dk o.kZu dhft;s \ ¼p½% i'kq if{k;ksa dk f'kdkj djuk naMuh; vijk/k gS A vkids fopkj esa i'kq if{k;ksa ds f'kdkj djus dh vknr dks jksdus ds fy, D;k mik; djuk pkfg, \
'kCnkFkZ & 'kCn vFkZ 'kCn vFkZ psVh nklh i{k ia[k fc) ?kk;y mHk; nksuksa fookn >xM+k O;kid foLrr̀ gBh ftíh miou ckxhpk
i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k, vkSj ;kn dhft;s& ?kk;y vkgr] pksfVy firk rkr] tud rhj 'kj] ok.k dFkk dgkuh] xkFkk
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SANSKRIT
Class–8
2020–21
Assignment–1
ͪĤय छाğ एवं छाğाओ ंनवीन शै¢ͨणक सğ कȧ आप सभी को मंगल कामनाये।
पाठ – 1वÛदना
आप सभी इन दोनɉ æलोकɉ को Úयान पूव[क पढ़े तथा नीचे ͧलखे अथ[ को
समझकर याद करɅ। हमारȣ परàपरा है ͩक जब हम ͩकसी भी काय[ का शुभारंभ
करते हɇ, तो सव[Ĥथम ईæवर कȧ वÛदना करते है ताͩक मेरा Ĥ×येक काय[ सफल
हो।
(1) मूकं करोǓत वाचाल ंपÊडलंडॄÛयत ेͬगǐरम ्।
य×कृपा तमहं वÛदे परमानÛदमाधवम।्।
अथा[त ्िजसकȧ कृपा से गंूगा बोलने लगता है तथा लंगड़ा पव[त yk¡?k जाता है, eSa
उस परम आनंद देने वाले माधव (ईæवर) कȧ वÛदना करता हँू।
शÞदअथ[
मूकं गंूगा
पडगंु लंगड़ा
य×कृपा िजसकȧ कृपा से
ͬगǐरम ् पव[त
वÛदे वÛदना करता हँू।
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(2) पæयेम शरदः शतम ्जीवेम शरदः शतम।्
Įणृुयाम शरदः शतम ्ĤĦवाम शरदः शतम।्
अदȣनाःèयाम शरदः शतम,् भूयæच शरद शतात।्।
अथा[त ्हम सब सौ शरद देखɅ हम सब सौ वषȾ तक सुने, हम सब सौ वषȾ तक
बोलɅ। हम सब सौवषɟ तक दȣन-हȣन न हो एवं सौ वषɟ तक èवèथ जीवन िजयɅ
और उससे अͬधक जीवन कȧ इÍछा करɅ।
शÞदअथ[
पæयेम देखे
शरदः जाड़ा
शतम ् सौ
जीवेम िजये
Įणृुयाम ् सुने
ĤĦवाम वोले
अदȣनाः दȣन-हȣन
(3) संèकृत मɅ एक से दस तक संÉयाये ͧलखकर याद करɅ ͪपछलȣ क¢ा मɅ
आपको बताया गया है।
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