ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS - Alberta Education · Reading and writing are powerful means of ......

English Language Arts (K–9) /1�Alberta Learning, Alberta, Canada (2000)

INTRODUCTION

Clear student learning outcomes and high learningstandards in the program of studies are designed toprepare students for present and future languagerequirements. Changes in society and technologyhave affected, and will continue to affect, theways in which people use language to think, tocommunicate and to learn. Students must beprepared to meet new literacy demands in Canadaand the international community. The ability touse language effectively enhances studentopportunities to experience personal satisfactionand to become responsible, contributing citizensand lifelong learners.

The Importance of Language

The Nature of Language

Language is the basis of all communication andthe primary instrument of thought. Composed ofinterrelated and rule-governed symbol systems,language is a social and uniquely human means ofexploring and communicating meaning. As wellas being a defining feature of culture, language isan unmistakable mark of personal identity and isessential for forming interpersonal relationships,extending experiences, reflecting on thought andaction, and contributing to society.

Language Acquisition and Development

Language learning is an active process that beginsat birth and continues throughout life. Childrenlearn language as they use it to communicate their

thoughts, feelings and experiences; establishrelationships with family members and friends;and strive to make sense and order of their world.They may come to school speaking more than onelanguage or learn another language in school. It isimportant to respect and build upon a child’s firstlanguage. Experience in one language will benefitthe learning of other languages.

In their early years, children develop languageinformally. Long before they understand explicitlanguage rules and conventions, childrenreproduce the language they hear, and uselanguage to construct and to convey new meaningin unique ways. Later, language learning occursin specific contexts for specific purposes, such aslearning about a specific subject, participating inthe community, and pursuing work and leisureactivities.

Language development is continuous andrecursive throughout a student’s life. Studentsenhance their language abilities by using whatthey know in new and more complex contexts andwith increasing sophistication. They reflect onand use prior knowledge to extend and enhancetheir language and understanding. By learningand incorporating new language structures intotheir repertoire and using them in a variety ofcontexts, students develop language fluency andproficiency. Positive learning experiences enablestudents to leave school with a desire to continueto extend their knowledge, skills and interests.

ENGLISHLANGUAGEARTS

2/ English Language Arts (K–9)(2000) �Alberta Learning, Alberta, Canada

Language Learning: A Shared Responsibility

Responsibility for language learning is shared bystudents, parents, teachers and the community.Students require ongoing opportunities to uselanguage in its many forms. Opportunities tolearn language occur first at home and areextended as children move into the largercommunity. Schools provide environments wherestudents develop language knowledge, skills andstrategies to achieve academic, personal and socialgoals.

Language development is the responsibility of allteachers. For example, subject area teachers teachthe specialized language and forms of eachsubject. English language arts teachers; however,have a special role because of their focus onlanguage, its forms and functions. They helpstudents develop and apply strategies forcomprehending, composing and responding in avariety of situations.

Thinking and Learning through Language

Thinking, learning and language are interrelated.From Kindergarten to Grade 12, students uselanguage to make sense of and bring order to theirworld. They use language to examine newexperiences and knowledge in relation to theirprior knowledge, experiences and beliefs. Theymake connections, anticipate possibilities, reflectupon ideas and determine courses of action.

Language enables students to play an active rolein various communities of learners within andbeyond the classroom. As students speak, writeand represent, they also listen to, read about andview the ideas and experiences of others. Criticaland creative thinking and learning throughlanguage occur when students reflect, speculate,create, analyze and synthesize.

In addition, language facilitates studentdevelopment of metacognitive awareness; that is,it enables them to reflect on and control their ownthinking and learning processes. Language helpsstudents develop an awareness of the skills andstrategies they need to complete learning taskssuccessfully and to communicate aboutthemselves as learners.

English Language Arts

The aim of English language arts is to enable eachstudent to understand and appreciate language,and to use it confidently and competently in avariety of situations for communication, personalsatisfaction and learning.

Students become confident and competent users ofall six language arts through many opportunities tolisten and speak, read and write, and view andrepresent in a variety of combinations and relevantcontexts. All the language arts are interrelatedand interdependent; facility in one strengthensand supports the others. In the outcomes of theprogram of studies, the six language arts areintegrated.

Listening and Speaking

Oral language is the foundation of literacy.Through listening and speaking, peoplecommunicate thoughts, feelings, experiences,information and opinions, and learn to understandthemselves and others. Oral language carries acommunity’s stories, values, beliefs and traditions.

Listening and speaking enable students to exploreideas and concepts, as well as to understand andorganize their experiences and knowledge. Theyuse oral language to learn, solve problems andreach goals. To become discerning, lifelonglearners, students at all grades need to developfluency and confidence in their oral languageabilities. They benefit from many opportunities tolisten and speak both informally and formally fora variety of purposes.

Reading and Writing

Reading and writing are powerful means ofcommunicating and learning. They enablestudents to extend their knowledge and use oflanguage, increase their understanding ofthemselves and others, and experience enjoymentand personal satisfaction.

Reading provides students with a means ofaccessing the ideas, views and experiences ofothers. By using effective reading skills and


strategies, students construct meaning and developthoughtful and critical interpretations of a varietyof texts. Writing enables students to explore,shape and clarify their thoughts, and tocommunicate them to others. By using effectivewriting strategies, they discover and refine ideasand compose and revise with increasingconfidence and skill.

Viewing and Representing

Viewing and representing are integral parts ofcontemporary life. These skills allow students tounderstand the ways in which images andlanguage may be used to convey ideas, values andbeliefs.

Viewing is an active process of attending to andcomprehending such visual media as television,advertising images, films, diagrams, symbols,photographs, videos, drama, drawings, sculptureand paintings. Viewing enables students toacquire information and to appreciate the ideasand experiences of others. Many of thecomprehension processes involved in reading,such as previewing, predicting and makinginferences, may also be used in viewing.

Representing enables students to communicateinformation and ideas through a variety of media,such as video presentations, posters, diagrams,charts, symbols, visual art, drama, mime andmodels.

Texts

In today’s technological society, people accessinformation and find enjoyment in print, as well asother language forms. For example, oralcommunication and visual media are becomingincreasingly important. Often these forms areused in combination with one another and inconjunction with print. Therefore, texts refer notonly to print but also to oral and visual forms thatcan be discussed, studied and analyzed. Inaddition, texts are affected and influenced by howthey are transmitted, whether by computer,television, radio or book. Students needknowledge, skills and strategies in all six languagearts to compose, comprehend and respond to such

texts. Oral texts include storytelling, dialogues,speeches and conversations. Visual texts includepictures, diagrams, tableaux, mime and nonverbalcommunication. Combinations of oral, print orvisual texts include videos, films, cartoons, dramaand drum dancing.

Organization of the Program of Studies

Five general student outcomes serve as thefoundation for the program of studies. Generaloutcomes are broad statements identifying theknowledge, skills and attitudes that students areexpected to demonstrate with increasingcompetence and confidence from Kindergarten toGrade 12. The general outcomes are interrelatedand interdependent; each is to be achieved througha variety of listening, speaking, reading, writing,viewing and representing experiences.

Students will listen, speak, read, write, view andrepresent to:

explore thoughts, ideas, feelings andexperiences

comprehend and respond personally andcritically to oral, print and other mediatexts

manage ideas and information

enhance the clarity and artistry ofcommunication

respect, support and collaborate withothers.

Each general learning outcome includes specificoutcomes that students are to achieve by the endof each grade. Specific outcomes are categorizedunder headings within each of the five generaloutcomes. The specific outcomes state theknowledge, skills and attitudes that students areexpected to demonstrate by the end of each grade.

4/ English Language Arts (K–9)(2000) �Alberta Learning, Alberta, Canada

They are relevant for all students in a variety oflearning environments and are cumulative acrossthe grades. Students are expected to demonstratethe specific outcomes for their current grade whilebuilding on and maintaining their ability todemonstrate the specific outcomes for previousgrades.

It is intended that students engage inpurposeful language activities thatrespect individual differences andemphasize the interrelated andmutually supportive nature of thegeneral and specific outcomes.

OUTCOMES FOR ENGLISHLANGUAGE ARTS The aim of English language arts is to enable eachstudent to understand and appreciate language,and to use it confidently and competently in avariety of situations for communication, personalsatisfaction and learning. General Outcome 1

Students will listen, speak, read, write,view and represent to explore thoughts,ideas, feelings and experiences.1.1 Discover and explore1.2 Clarify and extend

General Outcome 2 Students will listen, speak, read, write,view and represent to comprehend andrespond personally and critically tooral, print and other media texts.2.1 Use strategies and cues2.2 Respond to texts2.3 Understand forms, elements and

techniques2.4 Create original text

General Outcome 3 Students will listen, speak, read, write,view and represent to manage ideas andinformation.3.1 Plan and focus3.2 Select and process3.3 Organize, record and evaluate3.4 Share and review

General Outcome 4

Students will listen, speak, read, write,view and represent to enhance theclarity and artistry of communication.4.1 Enhance and improve4.2 Attend to conventions4.3 Present and share

General Outcome 5

Students will listen, speak, read, write,view and represent to respect, supportand collaborate with others.5.1 Respect others and strengthen

community5.2 Work within a group


Guide to Reading the Program of Studies

2.4 Create Original Text

Grade 3 Grade 4

Generate ideasx experiment with ways of

generating and organizingideas prior to creating oral,print and other media texts

Elaborate on the expression ofideasx use sentence variety to link

ideas and create impressionson familiar audiences

Structure textsx experiment with a variety of

story beginnings to chooseones that best introduceparticular stories

x add sufficient detail to oral,print and other media texts totell about setting andcharacter, and to sustain plot

x use a variety of strategies forgenerating and organizingideas and experiences in oral,print and other media texts

x select and use visuals thatenhance meaning of oral,print and other media texts

x produce oral, print and othermedia texts that follow alogical sequence, anddemonstrate clearrelationships betweencharacter and plot

x produce narratives thatdescribe experiences andreflect personal responses

Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and represent tocomprehend and respond personally and critically to oral, print

and other media texts.

First digit indicates general outcome;second digit indicates subheading

Subheading forcluster of specificoutcomes

General outcomestatement

Side headings forspecific outcomes

Specific outcomestatements—expected by the endof each grade

6/ English Language Arts (K–9) General Outcome 1(2000) �Alberta Learning, Alberta, Canada

General Outcome 1

Explore thoughts, ideas,feelings and experiences

Experiment withlanguage and forms

Consider the ideas of others

Combine ideas

Express preferences

Set goals

Extend understanding

Express ideas anddevelop understanding

1.2 Clarify andExtend

1.1 Discover andExplore

STUDENTS WILL LISTEN, SPEAK, READ, WRITE, VIEW AND REPRESENT.

General Outcome 1 English Language Arts (K–9) /7�Alberta Learning, Alberta, Canada (2000)

General Outcome 1

Students will listen, speak, read, write, viewand represent to explore thoughts, ideas,feelings and experiences.

Exploratory language enables students to organizeand give meaning to experiences. Students useexploratory language to share thoughts, ideas andexperiences, and to express and acknowledgeemotions. Exploratory language enables studentsto discover and understand what they think andwho they are. It also helps them reflect onthemselves as language learners and languageusers. In addition, it helps them establish andmaintain relationships.

Exploratory language is often oral. Through talkand conversation, students make observations, askquestions, hypothesize, make predictions and formopinions. Exploratory talk is often spontaneous.Sometimes students discover what they think atthe point of utterance. Exploratory writing alsohelps students clarify their thinking. Whenstudents can see their ideas, thoughts, feelings andexperiences in writing, they can reconsider, reviseand elaborate on them in thoughtful ways.Representing is also used to explore ideas andinterrelationships in diagrams, thought webs,charts and other visual media. Exploratorylistening, reading and viewing enable students togather and verify information, identify areas forfurther inquiry or research, and develop supportfor opinions.

As students progress through the grades, theydevelop the ability to use exploratory language toachieve the other English language arts learningoutcomes. For example, exploratory talk andwriting enhance student comprehension byfocusing their prior knowledge and experiencesbefore reading, listening and viewing, andsubsequently help them understand and manageinformation. Students use exploratory languagewhen analyzing, evaluating and responding totexts, and when deciding how to use languagemore effectively. They use conversation tocollaborate on projects and to develop a classroomcommunity.

It is intended that students engage inpurposeful language arts activities thatrespect individual differences andemphasize the interrelated and mutuallysupportive nature of the general andspecific outcomes.

Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and representto explore thoughts, ideas, feelings and experiences.


1.1 Discover and Explore

Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

Express ideas and develop understanding

x share personal experiencesprompted by oral, print andother media texts

x talk about ideas, experiences

and familiar events

x share personal experiencesthat are clearly related to oral,print and other media texts

x talk with others about

something recently learned x make observations about

activities, experiences withoral, print and other mediatexts

x contribute relevant ideas andinformation from personalexperiences to group languageactivities

x talk about how new ideas and

information have changedprevious understanding

x express or represent ideas and

feelings resulting fromactivities or experiences withoral, print and other mediatexts

Experiment with language and forms

x talk and represent to explore,express and share stories,ideas and experiences

x experiment with differentways of exploring anddeveloping stories, ideas andexperiences

x use a variety of forms of oral,print and other media texts toorganize and give meaning toexperiences, ideas andinformation

Express preferences

x talk about favourite oral, printand other media texts

x express preferences for avariety of oral, print and othermedia texts

x explain why particular oral,print or other media texts arepersonal favourites

Set goals

x talk about own reading andwriting experiences

x choose to read and write forand with others

x recognize and talk aboutdeveloping abilities as readers,writers and illustrators




Grade 3 Grade 4


x connect prior knowledge and personalexperiences with new ideas and information inoral, print and other media texts

x explain understanding of new concepts in own

words x explore ideas and feelings by asking questions,

talking to others and referring to oral, print andother media texts

x compare new ideas, information andexperiences to prior knowledge and experiences

x ask questions, paraphrase and discuss to explore

ideas and understand new concepts x share personal responses to explore and develop

understanding of oral, print and other mediatexts


x choose appropriate forms of oral, print and othermedia texts for communicating and sharingideas with others

x discuss and compare the ways similar topics aredeveloped in different forms of oral, print andother media texts

Express preferences

x choose and share a variety of oral, print andother media texts in areas of particular interest

x select preferred forms from a variety of oral,print and other media texts

Set goals

x discuss areas of personal accomplishment asreaders, writers and illustrators

x identify areas of personal accomplishment andareas for enhancement in language learning anduse




Grade 5 Grade 6


x use appropriate prior knowledge andexperiences to make sense of new ideas andinformation

x read, write, represent and talk to explore

personal understandings of new ideas andinformation

x use own experiences as a basis for exploring and

expressing opinions and understanding

x use prior experiences with oral, print and othermedia texts to choose new texts that meetlearning needs and interests

x read, write, represent and talk to explore and

explain connections between prior knowledgeand new information in oral, print and othermedia texts

x engage in exploratory communication to share

personal responses and develop owninterpretations


x select from provided forms of oral, print andother media texts those that best organize ideasand information and develop understanding oftopics

x experiment with a variety of forms of oral, printand other media texts to discover those bestsuited for exploring, organizing and sharingideas, information and experiences

Express preferences

x select and explain preferences for particularforms of oral, print and other media texts

x assess a variety of oral, print and other mediatexts, and discuss preferences for particularforms

Set goals

x reflect on areas of personal accomplishment,and set personal goals to improve languagelearning and use

x assess personal language use, and revisepersonal goals to enhance language learning anduse




Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9


x extend understanding of ideasand information by findingand exploring oral, print andother media texts on relatedtopics and themes

x express personal

understandings of ideas andinformation based on priorknowledge, experiences withothers and a variety of oral,print and other media texts

x reflect on own observations

and experiences to understandand develop oral, print andother media texts

x revise understanding andexpression of ideas byconnecting new and priorknowledge and experiences

x review, reread, discuss and

reflect on oral, print and othermedia texts to explore,confirm or reviseunderstanding

x seek out and consider diverse

ideas, opinions andexperiences to develop andextend own ideas, opinionsand experiences

x talk with others andexperience a variety of oral,print and other media texts toexplore, develop and justifyown opinions and points ofview

x explore and explain how

interactions with others andwith oral, print and othermedia texts affect personalunderstandings

x extend understanding by

taking different points of viewwhen rereading and reflectingon oral, print and other mediatexts


x discuss and respond to waysthat content and forms of oral,print and other media textsinteract to influenceunderstanding

x discuss and respond to waysthat forms of oral, print andother media texts enhance orconstrain the development andcommunication of ideas,information and experiences

x develop and extendunderstanding by expressingand responding to ideas on thesame topic, in a variety offorms of oral, print and othermedia texts

Express preferences

x explore and assess oral, printand other media textsrecommended by others

x pursue personal interest inspecific genres by particularwriters, artists, storytellers andfilmmakers

x explain preferences for textsand genres by particularwriters, artists, storytellers andfilmmakers

Set goals

x use appropriate terminology todiscuss developing abilities inpersonal language learningand use

x examine and reflect on owngrowth in effective use oflanguage to revise and extendpersonal goals

x reflect on own growth inlanguage learning and use, byconsidering progress over timeand the attainment of personalgoals



1.2 Clarify and Extend



x listen to experiences andfeelings shared by others

x listen and respondappropriately to experiencesand feelings shared by others

x connect own ideas andexperiences with those sharedby others

Combine ideas

x connect related ideas andinformation

x group ideas and informationinto categories determined byan adult

x record ideas and informationin ways that make sense


x express interest in new ideasand experiences

x ask questions to get additionalideas and information ontopics of interest

x find more information aboutnew ideas and topics




Grade 3 Grade 4


x ask for the ideas and observations of others toexplore and clarify personal understanding

x identify other perspectives by exploring avariety of ideas, opinions, responses and oral,print and other media texts

Combine ideas

x experiment with arranging and recording ideasand information in a variety of ways

x use talk, notes, personal writing andrepresenting to record and reflect on ideas,information and experiences


x ask questions to clarify information and ensureunderstanding

x explore ways to find additional ideas andinformation to extend understanding




Grade 5 Grade 6


x seek the viewpoints of others to build onpersonal responses and understanding

x select from the ideas and observations of othersto expand personal understanding

Combine ideas

x use talk, notes, personal writing andrepresenting to explore relationships among ownideas and experiences, those of others and thoseencountered in oral, print and other media texts

x use talk, notes, personal writing andrepresenting, together with texts and the ideas ofothers, to clarify and shape understanding


x search for further ideas and information fromothers and from oral, print and other media textsto extend understanding

x evaluate the usefulness of new ideas, techniquesand texts in terms of present understanding






x listen and respondconstructively to alternativeideas or opinions

x acknowledge the value of theideas and opinions of others inexploring and extendingpersonal interpretations andperspectives

x integrate own perspectives andinterpretations with newunderstandings developedthrough discussing andthrough experiencing a varietyof oral, print and other mediatexts

Combine ideas

x use talk, writing andrepresenting to examine,clarify and assessunderstanding of ideas,information and experiences

x exchange ideas and opinionsto clarify understanding and tobroaden personal perspectives

x examine and re-examine ideas,information and experiencesfrom different points of viewto find patterns and seerelationships


x talk with others to elaborateideas, and ask specificquestions to seek helpfulfeedback

x reconsider and revise initialunderstandings and responsesin light of new ideas,information and feedbackfrom others

x assess whether newinformation extendsunderstanding by consideringdiverse opinions and exploringambiguities


General Outcome 2

Comprehend and respondpersonally and critically to oral,

print and other media texts

Use textualcues

Use comprehensionstrategies

Use phonics andstructural analysis

Use references

Use priorknowledge

2.1 Use Strategiesand Cues

Understandforms and genres

Understandtechniques and

elements

Experimentwith language

Experiencevarious texts

2.2 Respondto Texts

Appreciate theartistry of texts

2.4 CreateOriginal Text

Generate ideas

Structuretexts Elaborate on the

expression of ideas

2.3 UnderstandForms, Elementsand Techniques

Construct meaningfrom texts



General Outcome 2

Students will listen, speak, read, write, viewand represent to comprehend and respondpersonally and critically to oral, print andother media texts.

Students use a variety of strategies and cueingsystems as they interact with oral, print and othermedia texts. They preview, ask questions and setpurposes. Students attend to the ideas beingpresented, make and confirm predictions andinferences, and monitor their understanding. Asthey interact with texts, students respond byreflecting, creating, analyzing, synthesizing andevaluating. Successful learners adapt thesestrategies as they construct meaning from a varietyof oral, print and other media texts.

Making meaning of oral, print and other mediatexts is fundamental to English language arts.Through these texts, students experience a varietyof situations, people and cultures, and learn aboutthemselves. Oral, print and other media textsallow for multiple interpretations. Students canrespond personally to texts, by relating them totheir prior knowledge, to their feelings andexperiences, and to other texts. Through personalresponse, students explore and form values andbeliefs. They respond critically to texts, bymaking interpretations and evaluating ideas, formsand techniques.

Students enhance their comprehension of andresponse to oral, print and other media textsthrough learning experiences in all the generaloutcomes. Exploratory talk and writing, forexample, strengthen student understanding andevaluation of texts. Their appreciation of literarytexts provides students with a range of topics andencourages them to experiment with a variety offorms in their own communication. Respondingto oral, print and other media texts providesstudents with new insights.


Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and representto comprehend and respond personally and critically

to oral, print and other media texts.


2.1 Use Strategies and Cues


Use prior knowledge

x connect oral language withprint and pictures

x understand that stories,information and personalexperiences can be recorded inpictures and print and can belistened to, read or viewed

x expect print and pictures to

have meaning and to berelated to each other in printand other media texts

x understand that print andbooks are organized inpredictable ways

x use knowledge of how orallanguage is used in a varietyof contexts to construct andconfirm meaning

x use previous experience andknowledge of oral language tomake connections to themeaning of oral, print andother media texts

x use knowledge of context,

pictures, letters, words,sentences, predictable patternsand rhymes in a variety oforal, print and other mediatexts to construct and confirmmeaning

x use knowledge of print,pictures, book covers and titlepages to construct and confirmmeaning

x use knowledge of how oraland written language is usedin a variety of contexts toconstruct and confirmmeaning

x connect personal experiencesand knowledge of words,sentences and story patternsfrom previous readingexperiences to construct andconfirm meaning

x use knowledge of the

organizational structures ofprint and stories, such as bookcovers, titles, pictures andtypical beginnings, toconstruct and confirmmeaning

Use comprehension strategies

x begin to use languageprediction skills when storiesare read aloud

x ask questions and make

comments during listening andreading activities

x recall events and characters in

familiar stories read aloud byothers

x read own first name,

environmental print andsymbols, words that havepersonal significance andsome words in texts

x use language prediction skillsto identify unknown wordswithin the context of asentence

x use a variety of strategies,

such as making predictions,rereading and reading on

x talk about print or other media

texts previously read orviewed

x identify the main idea or topic

of simple narrative andexpository texts

(continued on page 22)

x use knowledge of orallanguage to predict wordswhen reading stories andpoems

x apply a variety of strategies,

such as asking questions,making predictions,recognizing relationshipsamong story elements anddrawing conclusions

x identify the main idea or topic

and supporting details ofsimple narrative andexpository texts






Grade 3 Grade 4

Use prior knowledge

x share ideas developed through interests,experiences and discussion that are related tonew ideas and information

x identify the different ways in which oral, printand other media texts, such as stories, textbooks,letters, pictionaries and junior dictionaries, areorganized, and use them to construct andconfirm meaning

x use ideas and concepts, developed throughpersonal interests, experiences and discussion,to understand new ideas and information

x explain how the organizational structure of oral,

print and other media texts can assist inconstructing and confirming meaning


x use grammatical knowledge to predict wordsand sentence structures when reading narrativeand expository materials

x apply a variety of strategies, such as setting apurpose, confirming predictions, makinginferences and drawing conclusions

x identify the main idea or topic and supportingdetails in simple narrative and expositorypassages


x preview sections of print texts to identify thegeneral nature of the information and to setappropriate purpose and reading rate

x comprehend new ideas and information by

responding personally and discussing ideas withothers

x extend sight vocabulary to include words

frequently used in other subject areas x monitor understanding by confirming or revising

inferences and predictions based on informationin text





Grade 5 Grade 6

Use prior knowledge

x describe ways that personal experiences andprior knowledge contribute to understandingnew ideas and information

x use knowledge of organizational structures, such

as tables of contents, indices, topic sentencesand headings, to locate information and toconstruct and confirm meaning

x combine personal experiences and theknowledge and skills gained through previousexperiences with oral, print and other mediatexts to understand new ideas and information

x apply knowledge of organizational structures of

oral, print and other media texts to assist withconstructing and confirming meaning


x preview sections of print texts, and applyreading rate and strategies appropriate for thepurpose, content and format of the texts

x comprehend new ideas and information by

responding personally, taking notes anddiscussing ideas with others

x use the meanings of familiar words to predict

the meanings of unfamiliar words in context x monitor understanding by comparing personal

knowledge and experiences with information onthe same topic from a variety of sources

x identify, and explain in own words, theinterrelationship of the main ideas andsupporting details

x preview the content and structure of subject area

texts, and use this information to set a purpose,rate and strategy for reading

x use definitions provided in context to identify

the meanings of unfamiliar words x monitor understanding by evaluating new ideas

and information in relation to known ideas andinformation






Use prior knowledge

x select and focus relevant ideasfrom personal experiences andprior knowledge to understandnew ideas and information

x use expectations and

preferences developed duringprevious reading experiencesto select and read new textswith purpose

x use strategies to supplementand extend prior knowledgeand experiences wheninterpreting new ideas andinformation

x use knowledge of authors,

forms and genres, developedduring previous reading, todirect and extend readingexperiences

x discuss how interpretations ofthe same text might vary,according to the priorknowledge and experiences ofvarious readers

x use previous reading

experiences, personalexperiences and priorknowledge as a basis forreflecting on and interpretingideas encountered in texts


x identify, connect, andsummarize in own words, themain ideas from two or moresources on the same topic

x use concept mapping and

mental rehearsal to remembermain ideas and relevant details

x adjust reading rate and

strategies to account forchanges in structural featuresof texts and complexity ofcontent

x enhance understanding byparaphrasing main ideas andsupporting details, and byrereading and discussingrelevant passages

x monitor understanding; skim,

scan or read slowly andcarefully, as appropriate, toenhance comprehension

x take notes, make outlines and

use such strategies as read,recite, review to comprehendand remember ideas andinformation

x identify explicit and implicitideas and information in texts;listen and respond to variousinterpretations of the same text

x select appropriate reading rate

and strategies forcomprehending texts lessclosely connected to priorknowledge and personalexperiences

x preview complex texts as to

their intent, content andstructure, and use thisinformation to set a purposeand select strategies forreading




2.1 Use Strategies and Cues (continued)



(continued from page 18) (continued from page 18)

x identify by sight some familiarwords from favourite printtexts

x identify high frequency words

by sight

x read aloud with some fluencyand accuracy, after rehearsal

x self-correct when reading does

not make sense, using cuessuch as pictures, context,phonics, grammaticalawareness and backgroundknowledge

x identify by sight an increasingnumber of high frequencywords and familiar wordsfrom favourite books

x read aloud with fluency,

accuracy and expression x figure out, predict and monitor

the meaning of unfamiliarwords to make sense ofreading, using cues such aspictures, context, phonics,grammatical awareness andbackground knowledge

Use textual cues

x attend to print cues whenstories are read aloud

x begin to identify some

individual words in texts thathave been read aloud

x preview book cover, picturesand location of text to assistwith constructing andconfirming meaning

x use word boundaries, capital

letters, periods, questionmarks and exclamation marksto assist with constructing andconfirming meaning duringoral and silent reading

x preview book covers andtitles; look for familiar words,phrases and story patterns toassist with constructing andconfirming meaning

x use predictable phrases and

sentence patterns, and attendto capital letters, periods,question marks andexclamation marks to readaccurately, fluently and withcomprehension during oraland silent reading





Grade 3 Grade 4

Use comprehension strategies (continued from page 19)

x extend sight vocabulary to include predictablephrases and words related to language use

x read silently with increasing confidence andaccuracy

x monitor and confirm meaning by rereadingwhen necessary, and by applying knowledge ofpragmatic, semantic, syntactic and graphophoniccueing systems

Use textual cues

x use headings, paragraphs, punctuation andquotation marks to assist with constructing andconfirming meaning

x attend to and use knowledge of capitalization,commas in a series, question marks, exclamationmarks and quotation marks to read accurately,fluently and with comprehension during oraland silent reading

x use text features, such as headings, subheadingsand margin organizers, to enhanceunderstanding of ideas and information

x distinguish differences in the structural elements

of texts, such as letters and storybooks, to accessand comprehend ideas and information





Grade 5 Grade 6

Use textual cues

x use text features, such as maps, diagrams,special fonts and graphics, that highlightimportant concepts to enhance understanding ofideas and information

x identify and use the structural elements of texts,

such as letters, brochures, glossaries andencyclopedias, to access and comprehend ideasand information

x use text features, such as charts, graphs anddictionaries, to enhance understanding of ideasand information

x identify and use the structural elements of texts,

such as magazines, newspapers, newscasts andnews features, to access and comprehend ideasand information






Use textual cues

x identify and use visual andtextual cues, such as numbers,bullets and words; forexample, first/then/next,before/after, on the onehand/on the other hand andif/then, that signalorganizational patterns in printand other media texts, toenhance understanding ofideas and information

x identify and use, effectively

and efficiently, structuralfeatures of textbooks, such astables of contents and indices,to access ideas andinformation and to read withpurpose

x identify and use visual andtextual cues in referencematerials, such as catalogues,databases, web sites, thesauriand writers’ handbooks, toaccess information effectivelyand efficiently

x identify and use structural

features of a variety of oral,print and other media texts,such as newspapers,magazines, instructionbooklets, advertisements andschedules, encountered ineveryday life to access ideasand information and to readwith purpose

x use knowledge of visual andtextual cues and structuralfeatures when skimming andscanning various print andother media texts to locaterelevant informationeffectively and efficiently

x analyze and discuss how the

structural features ofinformational materials, suchas textbooks, bibliographies,databases, catalogues, websites, commercials andnewscasts, enhance theeffectiveness and efficiency ofcommunication






Use phonics and structural analysis

x begin to make connectionsamong sounds, letters, words,pictures and meaning

x identify and generate rhyming

words in oral language x hear and identify sounds in

words x associate sounds with

consonants that appear at thebeginning of personallysignificant words

x segment and blend sounds inwords spoken or heard

x use phonic knowledge and

skills to read unfamiliar wordsin context

x use analogy to generate andread phonically regular wordfamilies

x associate sounds with letters

and some letter clusters

x apply phonic rules andgeneralizations to readunfamiliar words in context

x apply knowledge of long and

short vowel sounds to readunfamiliar words in context

x use knowledge of word parts,

contractions and compoundwords to read unfamiliarwords in context

x associate sounds with some

vowel combinations,consonant blends anddigraphs, and letter clusters toread unfamiliar words incontext

Use references

x recite the letters of thealphabet in order

x copy scribed words and print

texts to assist with writing

x use a displayed alphabet as anaid when writing

x use personal word books, printtexts and environmental printto assist with writing

x name and match the upper and

lower case forms of letters

x put words in alphabeticalorder by first letter

x use pictionaries and personal

word books to confirm thespellings or locate themeanings of unfamiliar wordsin oral, print and other mediatexts





Grade 3 Grade 4


x apply phonic rules and generalizationscompetently and confidently to read unfamiliarwords in context

x apply word analysis strategies to segment wordsinto parts or syllables, when reading unfamiliarwords in context

x associate sounds with an increasing number ofvowel combinations, consonant blends anddigraphs, and letter clusters to read unfamiliarwords in context

x identify and know the meaning of somefrequently used prefixes and suffixes

x apply knowledge of root words, compound

words, syllabication, contractions and complexword families to read unfamiliar words incontext

x integrate knowledge of phonics and sight

vocabulary with knowledge of language andcontext clues to read unfamiliar words incontext

Use references

x put words in alphabetical order by first andsecond letter

x use pictionaries, junior dictionaries andspell-check functions to confirm the spellings orlocate the meanings of unfamiliar words in oral,print and other media texts

x use alphabetical order by first and second letterto locate information in reference materials

x use junior dictionaries, spell-check functions

and electronic dictionaries to confirm thespellings or locate the meanings of unfamiliarwords in oral, print and other media texts





Grade 5 Grade 6


x identify and know by sight the meaning of highfrequency prefixes and suffixes to readunfamiliar, multisyllable words in context

x integrate knowledge of phonics, sight

vocabulary and structural analysis withknowledge of language and context clues to readunfamiliar words in context

x use the meanings of prefixes and suffixes topredict the meanings of unfamiliar words incontext

x integrate and apply knowledge of phonics, sight

vocabulary, language and context clues, andstructural analysis to read unfamiliar words intexts of increasing length and complexity

Use references

x find words in dictionaries and glossaries toconfirm the spellings or locate the meanings, byusing knowledge of phonics and structuralanalysis, alphabetical order and guide words

x choose the most appropriate reference toconfirm the spellings or locate the meanings ofunfamiliar words in oral, print and other mediatexts







x apply, flexibly, knowledge ofphonics, sight vocabulary,structural analysis, languageand context clues, dependingon the purpose and rate ofreading

x choose and use strategies forword identification,vocabulary development andspelling that either build onspecific strengths or addressareas for improvement

x apply and explain effectiveprocedures for identifying andcomprehending words incontext; adjust proceduresaccording to the purpose forreading and the complexity ofthe texts

Use references

x skim and scan referencematerials to confirm thespellings or locate themeanings of unfamiliar words

x use a thesaurus to extendvocabulary and locateappropriate words that expressparticular aspects of meaning

x use reference materials,including a writer’s handbook,to verify correct usage,address uncertainties andsolve problems that arise




2.2 Respond to Texts


Experience various texts

x participate in shared listening,reading and viewingexperiences, using oral, printand other media texts from avariety of cultural traditionsand genres, such as picturebooks, fairy tales, rhymes,stories, photographs,illustrations and videoprograms

x listen and view attentively x identify favourite stories and

books

x participate in shared listening,reading and viewingexperiences, using oral, printand other media texts from avariety of cultural traditionsand genres, such as poems,storytelling by elders, patternbooks, audiotapes, stories andcartoons

x illustrate and enact stories,

rhymes and songs x remember and retell familiar

stories and rhymes

x engage in a variety of sharedand independent listening,reading and viewingexperiences, using oral, printand other media texts from avariety of cultural traditionsand genres, such as legends,video programs, puppet plays,songs, riddles andinformational texts

x identify favourite kinds of

oral, print and other mediatexts

x model own oral, print and

other media texts on familiarforms

x respond to mood established

in a variety of oral, print andother media texts

Construct meaning from texts

x relate aspects of oral, print andother media texts to personalfeelings and experiences

x talk about and represent the

actions of characters portrayedin oral, print and other mediatexts


x relate aspects of stories andcharacters to personal feelingsand experiences

x retell interesting or important

aspects of oral, print and othermedia texts


x connect situations portrayed inoral, print and other mediatexts to personal andclassroom experiences

x retell the events portrayed in

oral, print and other mediatexts in sequence






Grade 3 Grade 4


x choose a variety of oral, print and other mediatexts for shared and independent listening,reading and viewing experiences, using textsfrom a variety of cultural traditions and genres,such as nonfiction, chapter books, illustratedstorybooks, drum dances, fables, CDROMprograms and plays

x tell or write about favourite parts of oral, printand other media texts

x identify types of literature, such as humour,poetry, adventure and fairy tales, and describefavourites

x connect own experiences with the experiencesof individuals portrayed in oral, print and othermedia texts, using textual references

x experience oral, print and other media textsfrom a variety of cultural traditions and genres,such as personal narratives, plays, novels, videoprograms, adventure stories, folk tales,informational texts, mysteries, poetry andCDROM programs

x identify and discuss favourite authors, topics

and kinds of oral, print and other media texts x discuss a variety of oral, print or other media

texts by the same author, illustrator, storytelleror filmmaker

x retell events of stories in another form or

medium x make general evaluative statements about oral,

print and other media texts


x connect portrayals of characters or situations inoral, print and other media texts to personal andclassroom experiences

x summarize the main idea of individual oral,print and other media texts


x connect the thoughts and actions of charactersportrayed in oral, print and other media texts topersonal and classroom experiences

x identify the main events in oral, print and other

media texts; explain their causes, and describehow they influence subsequent events






Grade 5 Grade 6


x experience oral, print and other media textsfrom a variety of cultural traditions and genres,such as historical fiction, myths, biographies,poetry, news reports and guest speakers

x express points of view about oral, print and

other media texts x make connections between fictional texts and

historical events x describe and discuss new places, times,

characters and events encountered in oral, printand other media texts

x write or represent the meaning of texts in

different forms

x experience oral, print and other media textsfrom a variety of cultural traditions and genres,such as autobiographies, travelogues, comics,short films, myths, legends and dramaticperformances

x explain own point of view about oral, print and

other media texts x make connections between own life and

characters and ideas in oral, print and othermedia texts

x discuss common topics or themes in a variety of

oral, print and other media texts x discuss the author’s, illustrator’s, storyteller’s or

filmmaker’s intention or purpose


x compare characters and situations portrayed inoral, print and other media texts to thoseencountered in the classroom and community

x describe characters’ qualities based on what

they say and do and how they are described inoral, print and other media texts


x observe and discuss aspects of human naturerevealed in oral, print and other media texts, andrelate them to those encountered in thecommunity

x summarize oral, print or other media texts,

indicating the connections among events,characters and settings








x experience oral, print andother media texts from avariety of cultural traditionsand genres, such as journals,nature programs, short stories,poetry, letters, CDROMprograms, mysteries, historicalfiction, drawings and prints

x justify own point of view

about oral, print and othermedia texts, using evidencefrom texts

x organize interpretations of

oral, print and other mediatexts around two or three keyideas

x express interpretations of oral,

print and other media texts inanother form or genre

x predict and discuss the

consequences of events orcharacters’ actions, based oninformation in oral, print andother media texts

x experience oral, print andother media texts from avariety of cultural traditionsand genres, such as magazinearticles, diaries, drama, poetry,Internet passages, fantasy,nonfiction, advertisements andphotographs

x write and represent narratives

from other points of view x expect that there is more than

one interpretation for oral,print and other media texts,and discuss other points ofview

x explain connections between

own interpretation andinformation in texts, and inferhow texts will influence others

x make connections between

biographical informationabout authors, illustrators,storytellers and filmmakersand their texts

x experience oral, print andother media texts from avariety of cultural traditionsand genres, such as essays,broadcast advertisements,novels, poetry, documentaries,films, electronic magazinesand realistic fiction

x identify and discuss how

timeless themes are developedin a variety of oral, print andother media texts

x consider historical context

when developing own points ofview or interpretations of oral,print and other media texts

x compare and contrast own life

situation with themes of oral,print and other media texts

x express the themes of oral,

print or other media texts indifferent forms or genres

x consider peers’ interpretations

of oral, print and other mediatexts, referring to the texts forsupporting or contradictingevidence


x compare the choices andbehaviours of charactersportrayed in oral, print andother media texts with those ofself and others

x analyze how plot develops; the

connection between plot andsubplot; and theinterrelationship of plot,setting and characters


x interpret the choices andmotives of charactersportrayed in oral, print andother media texts, andexamine how they relate toself and others

x identify and describe

characters’ attributes andmotivations, using evidencefrom the text and personalexperiences


x analyze how the choices andmotives of charactersportrayed in oral, print andother media texts provideinsight into those of self andothers

x identify and discuss theme and

point of view in oral, print andother media texts





2.2 Respond to Texts (continued)



(continued from page 30) (continued from page 30) (continued from page 30)

x talk about experiences similaror related to those in oral,print and other media texts

x tell or represent the beginning,middle and end of stories

x tell, represent or write about

experiences similar or relatedto those in oral, print andother media texts

x tell what was liked or disliked

about oral, print and othermedia texts

x suggest alternative endings fororal, print and other mediatexts

x discuss, represent or write

about interesting or importantaspects of oral, print and othermedia texts

x express thoughts or feelings

related to the events andcharacters in oral, print andother media texts

Appreciate the artistry of texts

x experiment with sounds,words, word patterns, rhymesand rhythms

x identify how words canimitate sounds and createspecial effects

x experiment with repetition,

rhyme and rhythm to createeffects in own oral, print andother media texts

x identify and use words andsentences that have particularemotional effects

x identify words in oral, print

and other media texts thatcreate clear pictures orimpressions of sounds andsights





Grade 3 Grade 4



x discuss, represent or write about ideas in oral,print and other media texts, and relate them toown ideas and experiences and to other texts

x make inferences about a character’s actions orfeelings

x express preferences for one character overanother

x compare similar oral, print and other media textsand express preferences, using evidence frompersonal experiences and the texts

x develop own opinions based on ideasencountered in oral, print and other media texts


x express feelings related to words, visuals andsound in oral, print and other media texts

x identify how authors use comparisons, andexplain how they create mental images

x explain how onomatopoeia and alliteration areused to create mental images

x explain how language and visuals work together

to communicate meaning and enhance effect





Grade 5 Grade 6



x describe and discuss the influence of setting onthe characters and events

x support own interpretations of oral, print and

other media texts, using evidence from personalexperiences and the texts

x retell or represent stories from the points of

view of different characters

x identify or infer reasons for a character’s actionsor feelings

x make judgements and inferences related to

events, characters, setting and main ideas oforal, print and other media texts

x comment on the credibility of characters and

events in oral, print and other media texts, usingevidence from personal experiences and the text


x explain how simile and hyperbole are used tocreate mood and mental images

x alter sentences and word choices to enhance

meaning and to create mood and special effects

x explain how metaphor, personification andsynecdoche are used to create mood and mentalimages

x experiment with sentence patterns, imagery and

exaggeration to create mood and mental images x discuss how detail is used to enhance character,

setting, action and mood in oral, print and othermedia texts







(continued from page 33) (continued from page 33) (continued from page 33)

x identify and explain conflict,and discuss how it developsand may be resolved

x develop, clarify and defend

own interpretation, based onevidence from the text withsupport from own experiences

x discuss various wayscharacters are developed andthe reasons for and plausibilityof character change

x compare two similar oral,

print or other media texts byconsidering the characters,plot, conflicts and main ideas

x discuss and explain variousinterpretations of the sameoral, print or other media text

x relate the themes, emotions

and experiences portrayed inoral, print and other mediatexts to issues of personalinterest or significance


x discuss how techniques, suchas colour, shape, composition,suspense, foreshadowing andflashback, are used tocommunicate meaning andenhance effects in oral, printand other media texts

x identify and explain the

usefulness, effectiveness andlimitations of various forms oforal, print and other mediatexts

x reflect on, revise and elaborate

on initial impressions of oral,print and other media texts,through subsequent reading,listening and viewingactivities

x discuss how techniques, suchas word choice, balance,camera angles, line andframing, communicatemeaning and enhance effectsin oral, print and other mediatexts

x identify ways that characters

can be developed, and discusshow character, plot and settingare interconnected andmutually supportive

x identify and discuss how word

choice and order, figurativelanguage, plot, setting andcharacter work together tocreate mood and tone

x discuss how techniques, suchas irony, symbolism,perspective and proportion,communicate meaning andenhance effect in oral, printand other media texts

x discuss character development

in terms of consistency ofbehaviour and plausibility ofchange

x describe how theme, dominant

impression and mood aredeveloped and sustainedthrough choices in languageuse and the interrelationshipof plot, setting and character

x identify features that define

particular oral, print and othermedia texts; discussdifferences in style and theireffects on content andaudience impression




2.3 Understand Forms, Elements and Techniques


Understand forms and genres

x experience a variety of oral,print and other media texts

x distinguish differences in theways various oral, print andother media texts areorganized

x identify various forms of

media texts

x recognize that ideas andinformation can be expressedin a variety of oral, print andother media texts

x identify and explain the use of

various communicationtechnologies

Understand techniques and elements

x develop a sense of storythrough reading, listening andviewing experiences

x identify the main characters in

a variety of oral, print andother media texts

x know that stories havebeginnings, middles andendings

x tell what characters do or what

happens to them in a variety oforal, print and other mediatexts

x identify main characters,places and events in a varietyof oral, print and other mediatexts

x identify how pictures,

illustrations and special fontsrelate to and enhance print andother media texts

Experiment with language

x appreciate the sounds andrhythms of language in sharedlanguage experiences, such asnursery rhymes and personalsongs

x demonstrate interest inrepetition, rhyme and rhythmin shared languageexperiences, such as actionsongs and word play

x demonstrate interest in thesounds of words and wordcombinations in pattern books,poems, songs, and oral andvisual presentations





Grade 3 Grade 4


x identify distinguishing features of a variety oforal, print and other media texts

x discuss ways that visual images convey meaningin print and other media texts

x describe and compare the main characteristics ofa variety of oral, print and other media texts

x identify various ways that information can be

recorded and presented visually


x include events, setting and characters whensummarizing or retelling oral, print or othermedia texts

x describe the main characters in terms of whothey are, their actions in the story and theirrelations with other characters

x identify ways that messages are enhanced inoral, print and other media texts by the use ofspecific techniques

x identify and explain connections among events,setting and main characters in oral, print andother media texts

x identify the speaker or narrator of oral, print or

other media texts x identify how specific techniques are used to

affect viewer perceptions in media texts


x recognize examples of repeated humour, soundand poetic effects that contribute to audienceenjoyment

x recognize how words and word combinations,such as word play, repetition and rhyme,influence or convey meaning





Grade 5 Grade 6


x identify and discuss similarities and differencesamong a variety of forms of oral, print and othermedia texts

x identify the main characteristics of familiar

media and media texts

x identify key characteristics of a variety of formsor genres of oral, print and other media texts

x discuss the differences between print and othermedia versions of the same text


x identify the main problem or conflict in oral,print and other media texts, and explain how itis resolved

x identify and discuss the main character’s point

of view and motivation x identify examples of apt word choice and

imagery that create particular effects x identify sections or elements in print or other

media texts, such as shots in films or sections inmagazines

x discuss the connections among plot, setting andcharacters in oral, print and other media texts

x identify first and third person narration, and

discuss preferences with reference to familiartexts

x explore techniques, such as visual imagery,

sound, flashback and voice inflection, in oral,print and other media texts

x identify strategies that presenters use in media

texts to influence audiences


x experiment with words and sentence patterns tocreate word pictures; identify how imagery andfigurative language, such as simile andexaggeration, convey meaning

x alter words, forms and sentence patterns tocreate new versions of texts for a variety ofpurposes; explain how imagery and figurativelanguage, such as personification andalliteration, clarify and enhance meaning





Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9Understand forms and genres

x identify various forms andgenres of oral, print and othermedia texts, and describe keycharacteristics of each

x identify the characteristics of

different types of media texts

x discuss how the choice of formor genre of oral, print and othermedia texts is appropriate topurpose and audience

x compare the usefulness of

different types of media texts

x explain the relationships betweenpurposes and characteristics ofvarious forms and genres of oral,print and other media texts

x evaluate the effectiveness of

different types of media textsfor presenting ideas andinformation


x discuss connections among plotand subplot, main andsupporting characters, main ideaand theme in a variety of oral,print and other media texts

x identify the narrator’s

perspective, and explain how itaffects the overall meaning of atext

x identify and explain how

narrative hooks, foreshadowing,flashback, suspense and surpriseendings contribute to theeffectiveness of plotdevelopment

x explain how sound and image

work together to create effectsin media texts

x distinguish theme from topic ormain idea in oral, print andother media texts

x identify and explain characters’

qualities and motivations, byconsidering their words andactions, their interactions withother characters and theauthor’s or narrator’sperspective

x compare and contrast the

different perspectives providedby first and third personnarration

x summarize the content of media

texts, and discuss the choicesmade in planning and producingthem

x compare the development ofcharacter, plot and theme in twooral, print or other media texts

x evaluate the effectiveness of

oral, print and other media texts,considering the believability ofplot and setting, the credibilityof characters, and thedevelopment and resolution ofconflict

x compare a main character in one

text to the main character inanother text from a differentera, genre or medium

x identify ways that a change in

narrator might affect the overallmeaning of oral, print and othermedia texts

x summarize the content of media

texts, and suggest alternativetreatments


x explore surprising and playfuluses of language and visuals inpopular culture, such ascartoons, animated films andlimericks; explain ways inwhich imagery and figurativelanguage, such as simile,convey meaning

x identify creative uses oflanguage and visuals in popularculture, such as commercials,rock videos and magazines;explain how imagery andfigurative language, such ashyperbole, create tone andmood

x analyze creative uses oflanguage and visuals in popularculture, such as advertisements,electronic magazines and theInternet; recognize how imageryand figurative language, such asmetaphor, create a dominantimpression, mood and tone






Generate ideas

x contribute ideas and answerquestions related toexperiences and familiar oral,print and other media texts

x generate and contribute ideasfor individual or group oral,print and other media texts

x use own and respond toothers’ ideas to create oral,print and other media texts

Elaborate on the expression of ideas

x listen to and recite shortpoems, songs and rhymes; andengage in word play andaction songs

x change, extend or completerhymes, rhythms and soundsin pattern stories, poems,nursery rhymes and other oral,print and other media texts

x add descriptive words toelaborate on ideas and createparticular effects in oral, printand other media texts

Structure texts

x draw, record or tell aboutideas and experiences

x talk about and explain the

meaning of own pictures andprint

x write, represent and tell briefnarratives about own ideasand experiences

x recall and retell or represent

favourite stories

x create narratives that havebeginnings, middles and ends;settings; and main charactersthat perform actions

x use traditional story

beginnings, patterns and stockcharacters in own oral, printand other media texts





Grade 3 Grade 4

Generate ideas

x experiment with ways of generating andorganizing ideas prior to creating oral, print andother media texts

x use a variety of strategies for generating andorganizing ideas and experiences in oral, printand other media texts


x use sentence variety to link ideas and createimpressions on familiar audiences

x select and use visuals that enhance meaning oforal, print and other media texts

Structure texts

x experiment with a variety of story beginnings tochoose ones that best introduce particular stories

x add sufficient detail to oral, print and othermedia texts to tell about setting and character,and to sustain plot

x produce oral, print and other media texts thatfollow a logical sequence, and demonstrate clearrelationships between character and plot

x produce narratives that describe experiences and

reflect personal responses





Grade 5 Grade 6

Generate ideas

x use texts from listening, reading and viewingexperiences as models for producing own oral,print and other media texts

x choose life themes encountered in reading,listening and viewing activities, and in ownexperiences, for creating oral, print and othermedia texts


x experiment with modeled forms of oral, printand other media texts to suit particularaudiences and purposes

x use literary devices, such as imagery andfigurative language, to create particular effects

Structure texts

x use structures encountered in texts to organizeand present ideas in own oral, print and othermedia texts

x use own experience as a starting point and

source of information for fictional oral, printand other media texts

x determine purpose and audience needs to chooseforms, and organize ideas and details in oral,print and other media texts

x express the same ideas in different forms and

genres; compare and explain the effectiveness ofeach for audience and purpose






Generate ideas

x choose appropriate strategiesfor generating ideas andfocusing topics for oral, printand other media texts

x create oral, print and othermedia texts related to issuesencountered in texts and inown life

x generalize from ownexperience to create oral, printand other media texts on atheme


x use suspense, exaggeration,foreshadowing, dialogue anddescription to show risingaction and develop conflict

x retell oral, print and othermedia texts from differentpoints of view

x create oral, print and othermedia texts on commonliterary themes

Structure texts

x create oral, print and othermedia texts that are unified bypoint of view, carefullydeveloped plot and endingsconsistent with previousevents

x create a variety of oral, print

and other media texts toexplore ideas related toparticular topics or themes

x create oral, print and othermedia texts with both mainand minor characters

x choose forms or genres of

oral, print or other media textsfor the particular affects theywill have on audiences andpurposes

x create oral, print and othermedia texts that interrelateplot, setting and character, andreveal the significance of theaction

x create oral, print and other

media texts that include mainand minor characters, andshow how the main characterdevelops and changes as aresult of the action and events


General Outcome 3

Manage ideas andinformation

Evaluate sources

Use a variety ofsources

Accessinformation

Plan to gatherinformation

Determineinformation needs

3.1 Plan andFocus

3.2 Select andProcess

3.3 Organize,Record andEvaluate Organize

information

Recordinformation

Focus attention

3.4 Share andReview

Share ideasand

information

Reviewresearchprocess

Evaluateinformation



General Outcome 3

Students will listen, speak, read, write, viewand represent to manage ideas andinformation.

The ability to manage information is important inschool, in the workplace, on the land, and forpersonal growth and satisfaction. Students learnto access and communicate information throughlanguage arts. Viewing and representing take onnew importance in managing ideas andinformation; through these language arts, studentslearn to enhance the clarity and effectiveness ofcommunication. Students learn to interpret andanalyze texts, considering such factors as author,purpose, audience and source. They learn todefine the need for information, ask questions, andgather and evaluate information.

Students enhance their ability to manage ideas andinformation in collaboration with others. Forexample, they benefit from opportunities toengage in exploratory language to focus theirresearch and determine the kind and amount ofinformation needed to accomplish their variouspurposes, both artistic and functional. Studentscommunicate ideas and information moreeffectively when they select forms andconventions appropriate to specific purposes,content and audiences. The use of technologyenhances student opportunities to access, createand communicate ideas and information. Skill inmanaging ideas and exchanging information helpsstudents encourage, support and work with others.


Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and representto manage ideas and information.


3.1 Plan and Focus


Focus attention

x attend to oral, print and othermedia texts on topics ofinterest

x make statements about topics

under discussion

x explore and share own ideason topics of discussion andstudy

x connect information from oral,

print and other media texts totopics of study

x relate personal knowledge toideas and information in oral,print and other media texts

x ask questions to determine the

main idea of oral, print andother media texts

Determine information needs

x ask questions to satisfypersonal curiosity

x ask and answer questions tosatisfy information needs on aspecific topic

x ask questions to focus onparticular aspects of topics forown investigations

Plan to gather information

x suggest ways to gather ideasand information

x follow spoken directions forgathering ideas andinformation

x recall and follow directionsfor accessing and gatheringideas and information



3.1 Plan and Focus

Grade 3 Grade 4

Focus attention

x use self-questioning to identify informationneeded to supplement personal knowledge ona topic

x identify facts and opinions, main ideas anddetails in oral, print and other media texts

x use organizational patterns of expository texts tounderstand ideas and information

x focus topics appropriately for particularaudiences


x ask topic-appropriate questions to identifyinformation needs

x ask relevant questions, and respond to questionsrelated to particular topics


x contribute ideas for developing a class plan toaccess and gather ideas and information

x develop and follow a class plan for accessingand gathering ideas and information



3.1 Plan and Focus

Grade 5 Grade 6

Focus attention

x summarize important ideas in oral, print andother media texts and express opinions aboutthem

x combine personal knowledge of topics withunderstanding of audience needs to focus topicsfor investigation

x distinguish among facts, supported inferencesand opinions

x use note-taking or representing to assist with

understanding ideas and information, andfocusing topics for investigation


x identify categories of information related toparticular topics, and ask questions related toeach category

x decide on and select the information needed tosupport a point of view


x develop and follow own plan for gathering andrecording ideas and information

x develop and follow own plan for accessing andgathering ideas and information, consideringguidelines for time and length of investigationand presentation



3.1 Plan and Focus


Focus attention

x consider audience, purpose,point of view and form whenfocusing topics forinvestigation

x use note-taking, outlining orrepresenting to summarizeimportant ideas andinformation in oral, print andother media texts

x experiment with several waysto focus a topic, and select aform appropriate to audienceand purpose

x identify and trace the

development of arguments,opinions or points of view inoral, print and other mediatexts

x synthesize ideas andinformation from a variety ofsources to develop ownopinions, points of view andgeneral impressions

x assess adequacy, accuracy,

detail and appropriateness oforal, print and other mediatexts to support or furtherdevelop arguments, opinionsor points of view


x discuss the types and sourcesof information appropriate fortopic, audience, form, purposeand point of view

x select the most appropriateinformation sources for topic,audience, purpose and form

x select types and sources ofinformation to achieve aneffective balance betweenresearched information andown ideas


x plan and organize datacollection based oninstructions, explanations andpre-established parameters

x choose a plan to access, gatherand record information,according to self-selectedparameters

x select information sources thatwill provide effective support,convincing argument orunique perspectives



3.2 Select and Process


Use a variety of sources

x seek information from avariety of sources, such aspeople at school, at home, inthe community, picture books,photographs and videos

x find information on a topic,using a variety of sources,such as picture books, conceptbooks, people and field trips

x find information on a topic,using a variety of sources,such as simple chapter books,multimedia resources,computers and elders in thecommunity

Access information

x use illustrations, photographs,video programs, objects andauditory cues, to accessinformation

x use text features, such asillustrations, titles and openingshots in video programs, toaccess information

x use questions to find specific

information in oral, print andother media texts

x understand that library

materials are organizedsystematically

x use text features, such as tableof contents, key words,captions and hot links, toaccess information

x use given categories and

specific questions to findinformation in oral, print andother media texts

x use the library organizational

system to locate information

Evaluate sources

x ask questions to make sense ofinformation

x match information to researchneeds

x recognize when informationanswers the questions asked




Grade 3 Grade 4


x find information to answer research questions,using a variety of sources, such as children’smagazines, CDROMs, plays, folk tales, songs,stories and the environment

x locate information to answer research questions,using a variety of sources, such as maps, atlases,charts, dictionaries, school libraries, videoprograms, elders in the community and fieldtrips

Access information

x use text features, such as titles, pictures,headings, labels, diagrams and dictionary guidewords, to access information

x locate answers to questions and extractappropriate and significant information fromoral, print and other media texts

x use card or electronic catalogues to locateinformation

x use a variety of tools, such as indices, legends,charts, glossaries, typographical features anddictionary guide words, to access information

x identify information sources that inform,

persuade or entertain, and use such sourcesappropriately

Evaluate sources

x review information to determine its usefulnessin answering research questions

x recall important points, and make and revisepredictions regarding upcoming information




Grade 5 Grade 6


x locate information to answer research questions,using a variety of sources, such as newspapers,encyclopedias, CDROMs, a series by the samewriter, scripts, diaries, autobiographies,interviews and oral traditions

x locate information to answer research questions,using a variety of sources, such as printed texts,bulletin boards, biographies, art, music,community resource people, CDROMs and theInternet

Access information

x use a variety of tools, such as chapter headings,glossaries and encyclopedia guide words, toaccess information

x skim, scan and listen for key words and phrases

x use a variety of tools, such as bibliographies,thesauri, electronic searches and technology, toaccess information

x skim, scan and read closely to gather

information

Evaluate sources

x determine the usefulness and relevance ofinformation for research purpose and focus,using pre-established criteria

x evaluate the congruency between gatheredinformation and research purpose and focus,using pre-established criteria






x obtain information from avariety of sources, such asadults, peers, advertisements,magazines, lyrics, formalinterviews, almanacs,broadcasts and videos, toexplore research questions

x obtain information from avariety of sources, such asartifacts, debates, forums,biographies, autobiographies,surveys, documentaries, films,CDROMs, charts and tables,when conducting research

x obtain information reflectingmultiple perspectives from avariety of sources, such asexpository essays, graphs,diagrams, online catalogues,periodical indices, filmlibraries, electronic databasesand the Internet, whenconducting research

Access information

x use a variety of tools and textfeatures, such as headings,subheadings, topic sentences,summaries, staging andpacing, and highlighting, toaccess information

x distinguish between fact and

opinion, and follow thedevelopment of argument andopinion

x scan to locate specific

information quickly;summarize and recordinformation useful forresearch purposes

x expand and use a variety oftools and text features, such assubtitles, margin notes, keywords, electronic searches,previews, reviews, visualeffects and sound effects, toaccess information

x record key ideas and

information from oral, printand other media texts,avoiding overuse of directquotations

x adjust rate of reading or

viewing to suit purpose anddensity of information in printor other media texts

x expand and use a variety oftools and text features, such asorganizational patterns oftexts, page layouts, font stylesand sizes, colour and voice-overs, to access information

x distinguish between primary

and secondary sources, anddetermine the usefulness ofeach for research purposes

x follow up on cited references

to locate additionalinformation

Evaluate sources

x use pre-established criteria toevaluate the usefulness of avariety of information sourcesin terms of their structure andpurpose

x develop and use criteria forevaluating the usefulness,currency and reliability ofinformation for a particularresearch project

x evaluate sources for currency,reliability and possible bias ofinformation for a particularresearch project



3.3 Organize, Record and Evaluate


Organize information

x categorize objects and picturesaccording to visual similaritiesand differences

x identify or categorizeinformation according tosequence, or similarities anddifferences

x list related ideas and

information on a topic, andmake statements toaccompany pictures

x categorize related ideas andinformation, using a variety ofstrategies, such as findingsignificant details andsequencing events in logicalorder

x produce oral, print and other

media texts withintroductions, middles andconclusions

Record information

x represent and talk about ideasand information; dictate to ascribe

x represent and explain keyfacts and ideas in own words

x record key facts and ideas inown words; identify titles andauthors of sources

Evaluate information

x share new learnings withothers

x recognize and use gatheredinformation to communicatenew learning

x examine gathered informationto decide what information toshare or omit




Grade 3 Grade 4


x organize ideas and information, using a varietyof strategies, such as clustering, categorizingand sequencing

x draft ideas and information into shortparagraphs, with topic and supporting sentences

x organize ideas and information, usingappropriate categories, chronological order,cause and effect, or posing and answeringquestions

x record ideas and information that are on topic x organize oral, print and other media texts into

sections that relate to and develop the topic

Record information

x record facts and ideas using a variety ofstrategies; list titles and authors of sources

x list significant ideas and information from oral,print and other media texts

x make notes of key words, phrases and images bysubtopics; cite titles and authors of sourcesalphabetically

x paraphrase information from oral, print and

other media sources


x determine if gathered information is sufficient toanswer research questions

x examine gathered information to identify ifmore information is required; review newunderstanding




Grade 5 Grade 6


x use clear organizational structures, such aschronological order, and cause and effect, tolink ideas and information and to assist audienceunderstanding

x organize ideas and information to emphasize

key points for the audience x add, delete or combine ideas to communicate

more effectively

x organize ideas and information using a varietyof strategies and techniques, such as comparingand contrasting, and classifying and sortingaccording to subtopics and sequence

x organize and develop ideas and information into

oral, print or other media texts withintroductions that interest audiences and statethe topic, sections that develop the topic andconclusions

Record information

x record information in own words; cite titles andauthors alphabetically, and provide publicationdates of sources

x combine ideas and information from several

sources x record ideas and information in relevant

categories, according to a research plan

x make notes on a topic, combining informationfrom more than one source; use referencesources appropriately

x use outlines, thought webs and summaries to

show the relationships among ideas andinformation and to clarify meaning

x quote information from oral, print and other

media sources


x connect gathered information to priorknowledge to reach new conclusions

x evaluate the appropriateness of information for aparticular audience and purpose

x recognize gaps in gathered information, and

suggest additional information needed for aparticular audience and purpose






x organize ideas and informationby selecting or developingcategories appropriate to aparticular topic and purpose

x produce oral, print and other

media texts with well-developedand well-linked ideas andsections

x organize ideas and informationcreatively, as well as logically,to develop a comparison orchronology, or to show acause–effect relationship

x organize ideas and information

to establish an overallimpression or point of view inoral, print and other media texts

x organize ideas and informationby developing and selectingappropriate categories andorganizational structures

x balance all sections of oral,

print and other media texts andensure sentences, paragraphsand key ideas are linkedthroughout

x develop coherence by relating

all key ideas to the overallpurpose of the oral, print orother media text

Record information

x make notes, using headings andsubheadings or graphicorganizers appropriate to atopic; reference sources

x reflect on ideas and information

to form own opinions withevidence to support them

x compare, contrast and combineideas and information fromseveral sources

x make notes in point form,summarizing major ideas andsupporting details; referencesources

x discard information that is

irrelevant for audience, purpose,form or point of view

x use a consistent and approvedformat to give credit for quotedand paraphrased ideas andinformation

x use own words to summarizeand record information in avariety of forms; paraphraseand/or quote relevant facts andopinions; reference sources

x select and record ideas and

information that will support anopinion or point of view, appealto the audience, and suit thetone and length of the chosenform of oral, print or othermedia text

x choose specific vocabulary, anduse conventions accurately andeffectively to enhancecredibility


x assess if the amount and qualityof gathered information isappropriate to purpose andaudience; address informationgaps

x connect new information with

prior knowledge to build newunderstanding

x evaluate the relevance andimportance of gatheredinformation; addressinformation gaps

x incorporate new information

with prior knowledge andexperiences to develop newunderstanding

x evaluate usefulness, relevanceand completeness of gatheredinformation; addressinformation gaps

x reflect on new understanding

and its value to self and others



3.4 Share and Review


Share ideas and information

x share ideas and informationabout topics of interest

x share ideas and informationfrom oral, print and othermedia texts with familiaraudiences

x answer questions directly

related to texts

x share, with familiar audiences,ideas and information ontopics

x clarify information by

responding to questions

Review research process

x share information-gatheringexperiences

x talk about information-gathering experiences bydescribing what wasinteresting, valuable or helpful

x answer questions, such as“What did I do that workedwell?” to reflect on researchexperiences




Grade 3 Grade 4


x organize and share ideas and information ontopics to engage familiar audiences

x use titles, headings and visuals to add interestand highlight important points of presentation

x communicate ideas and information in a varietyof oral, print and other media texts, such asshort reports, talks and posters

x select visuals, print and/or other media to add

interest and to engage the audience


x assess the research process, usingpre-established criteria

x identify strengths and areas for improvement inresearch process




Grade 5 Grade 6


x communicate ideas and information in a varietyof oral, print and other media texts, such asillustrated reports, charts, graphic displays andtravelogues

x select visuals, print and/or other media to inform

and engage the audience

x communicate ideas and information in a varietyof oral, print and other media texts, such asmultiparagraph reports, question and answerformats and graphs

x select appropriate visuals, print and/or other

media to inform and engage the audience


x assess personal research skills, usingpre-established criteria

x establish goals for enhancing research skills






x communicate ideas andinformation in a variety oforal, print and other mediatexts, such as reports,autobiographies, brochuresand video presentations

x use appropriate visual, print

and/or other media effectivelyto inform and engage theaudience

x communicate ideas andinformation in a variety oforal, print and other mediatexts, such as interviews,minilessons anddocumentaries

x integrate appropriate visual,

print and/or other media toinform and engage theaudience

x communicate ideas andinformation in a variety oforal, print and other mediatexts, such as media scripts,multimedia presentations,panel discussions and articles

x integrate appropriate visual,

print and/or other media toreinforce overall impression orpoint of view and engage theaudience


x identify strengths and areasfor improvement in personalresearch skills

x assess the research process,and consider alternative waysof achieving research goals

x reflect on the researchprocess, identifying areas ofstrength and ways to improvefurther research activities


Appraise ownand others’

work

Revise and edit

Enhancelegibility

Expandknowledge of

languageEnhanceartistry

4.1 Enhance andImprove

Attend to grammarand usage

General Outcome 4

Enhance the clarity andartistry of communication

4.2 Attend toConventions Attend to

spelling

Attend tocapitalization and

punctuation4.3 Present and

Share

Presentinformation

Enhancepresentation

Demonstrate attentivelistening and viewing

Use effective oraland visual

communication



General Outcome 4

Students will listen, speak, read, write, viewand represent to enhance the clarity andartistry of communication.

Learning effective strategies for using languagewith precision, clarity and artistry is interrelatedwith learning in the other general outcomes.Students use exploratory language to discover andfocus their communication (General Outcome 1).Oral, print and other media texts provide vicariousexperiences and new perspectives that studentsuse for speaking, writing and representing(General Outcome 2). Students locate, gather andorganize data to communicate ideas andinformation (General Outcome 3). Creating andcommunicating with language enhancecollaboration and build community (GeneralOutcome 5).

As students use English language arts in a varietyof contexts with instruction, encouragement andsupport, they revise and edit to clarify meaning,achieve purposes and affect audiences. In doingso, they apply the conventions of grammar,language usage, spelling, punctuation andcapitalization. They develop an understanding ofhow language works and use the specializedvocabulary of English language arts. As well,they develop confidence and skill in sharing andresponding to thoughts, ideas and experiencesthrough informal and formal presentations.

In school and in daily life, students are required tocommunicate ideas and information usingwell-organized, clear and precise language. Theyuse artistic language to create, to express who theyare and what they feel, and to share theirexperiences with others in a variety of oral, printand other media texts.


Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and representto enhance the clarity and artistry of communication.


4.1 Enhance and Improve


Appraise own and others’ work

x make statements related to thecontent of own and others’pictures, stories or talk

x ask or respond to questions orcomments related to thecontent of own or others’pictures, stories or talk

x identify features that makeown or peers’ oral, print orother media texts interestingor appealing

Revise and edit

x retell ideas to clarify meaningin response to questions orcomments

x rephrase by adding or deletingwords, ideas or information tomake better sense

x check for obvious spelling

errors and missing words

x revise words and sentences toimprove sequence or addmissing information

x check for capital letters,

punctuation at the end ofsentences and errors inspelling

Enhance legibility

x form recognizable letters byholding a pen or pencil in anappropriate and comfortablemanner

x explore the keyboard, using

letters, numbers and the spacebar

x print letters legibly from leftto right, using lines on a pageas a guide

x use appropriate spacing

between letters in words andbetween words in sentences

x explore and use the keyboard

to produce text

x print legibly and efficiently,forming letters of consistentsize and shape, and spacingwords appropriately

x use margins and spacing

appropriately x explore and use the keyboard

to compose and revise text




Grade 3 Grade 4


x share own oral, print and other media texts withothers to identify strengths and ideas forimprovement

x identify the general impression and main ideacommunicated by own and peers’ oral, print andother media texts

x use pre-established criteria to provide support

and feedback to peers on their oral, print andother media texts

Revise and edit

x combine and rearrange existing information toaccommodate new ideas and information

x edit for complete and incomplete sentences

x revise to ensure an understandable progressionof ideas and information

x identify and reduce fragments and run-on

sentences x edit for subject–verb agreement

Enhance legibility

x print legibly, and begin to learn properalignment, shape and slant of cursive writing

x space words and sentences consistently on a lineand page

x use keyboarding skills to compose, revise andprint text

x understand and use vocabulary associated withkeyboarding and word processing

x write legibly, using a style that demonstratesawareness of alignment, shape and slant

x use special features of software when

composing, formatting and revising texts




Grade 5 Grade 6


x develop criteria for evaluating the effectivenessof oral, print and other media texts

x use developed criteria to provide feedback to

others and to revise own work

x work collaboratively to revise and enhance oral,print and other media texts

x ask for and evaluate the usefulness of feedback

and assistance from peers

Revise and edit

x revise to add and organize details that supportand clarify intended meaning

x edit for appropriate use of statements, questions

and exclamations

x revise to provide focus, expand relevant ideasand eliminate unnecessary information

x edit for appropriate verb tense and for correct

pronoun references x use paragraph structures in expository and

narrative texts

Enhance legibility

x write legibly, using a style that is consistent inalignment, shape and slant

x apply word processing skills, and use publishing

programs to organize information

x write legibly and at a pace appropriate tocontext and purpose

x experiment with a variety of software design

elements, such as spacing, graphics, titles andheadings, and font sizes and styles, to enhancethe presentation of texts






x identify particular contentfeatures that enhance theeffectiveness of publishedoral, print and other mediatexts

x incorporate particular content

features of effective texts intoown oral, print and othermedia texts

x share draft oral, print andother media texts in a way thatwill elicit useful feedback

x evaluate how particular

content features contribute to,or detract from, the overalleffectiveness of own andothers’ oral, print and othermedia texts; make and suggestrevisions

x share sample treatments of atopic with peers, and ask forfeedback on the relativeeffectiveness of each

x work collaboratively to make

appropriate revisions based onfeedback provided by peers

Revise and edit

x revise introductions,conclusions and the order ofideas and information to addcoherence and clarify meaning

x revise to eliminate

unnecessary repetition ofwords and ideas

x use paragraphs, appropriately,

to organize narrative andexpository texts

x revise by adding words andphrases that emphasizeimportant ideas or createdominant impressions

x revise to enhance sentence

variety, word choice andappropriate tone

x enhance the coherence and

impact of documents, usingelectronic editing functions

x use paragraph structures to

demonstrate unity andcoherence

x revise to ensure effectiveintroductions, consistentpoints of view, effectivetransitions between ideas andappropriate conclusions

x revise to enhance effective

transitions between ideas andmaintain a consistentorganizational pattern

x revise to combine narration,

description and expositioneffectively

Enhance legibility

x choose and use printing,cursive writing or wordprocessing, depending on thetask, audience and purpose

x identify how the format of

documents enhances thepresentation of content

x vary handwriting style andpace, depending on thecontext, audience and purpose

x choose an effective format for

documents, depending on thecontent, audience and purpose

x develop personal handwritingstyles appropriate for a varietyof purposes

x identify and experiment with

some principles of design thatenhance the presentation oftexts



4.1 Enhance and Improve (continued)


Expand knowledge of language

x explore and experiment withnew words and termsassociated with topics ofinterest

x experiment with rhymes and

rhythms of language to learnnew words

x identify and use an increasingnumber of words and phrasesrelated to personal interestsand topics of study

x experiment with letters,

sounds, words and wordpatterns to learn new words

x develop categories of wordsassociated with experiencesand topics of interest

x use knowledge of word

patterns, word combinationsand parts of words to learnnew words

Enhance artistry

x experiment with sounds,colours, print and pictures toexpress ideas and feelings

x use words and pictures to addsensory detail in oral, printand other media texts

x choose words, languagepatterns, illustrations orsounds to create a variety ofeffects in oral, print and othermedia texts




Grade 3 Grade 4


x explain relationships among words and conceptsassociated with topics of study

x experiment with words and word meanings toproduce a variety of effects

x use an increasing variety of words to expressand extend understanding of concepts related topersonal interests and topics of study

x recognize English words and expressions thatcome from other cultures or languages

Enhance artistry

x choose words, language patterns, illustrations orsounds to add detail and create desired effects inoral, print and other media texts

x experiment with combining detail, voice-over,music and dialogue with sequence of events




Grade 5 Grade 6


x extend word choice through knowledge ofsynonyms, antonyms and homonyms and the useof a thesaurus

x distinguish different meanings for the same

word, depending on the context in which it isused

x show the relationships among key wordsassociated with topics of study, using a varietyof strategies such as thought webs, outlines andlists

x choose words that capture a particular aspect of

meaning and that are appropriate for context,audience and purpose

Enhance artistry

x experiment with words, phrases, sentences andmultimedia effects to enhance meaning andemphasis

x experiment with several options, such assentence structures, figurative language andmultimedia effects, to choose the mostappropriate way of communicating ideas orinformation






x identify differences betweenstandard English and slang,colloquialism or jargon, andexplain how these differencesaffect meaning

x identify and explain figurative

and metaphorical use oflanguage in context

x explore and explain ways thatnew words, phrases andmanners of expression enterthe language as a result offactors, such as popularculture, technology, otherlanguages

x infer the literal and figurative

meaning of words in context,using idioms, analogies,metaphors and similes

x distinguish between thedenotative and connotativemeaning of words, and discusseffectiveness for achievingpurpose and affectingaudience

x explore the derivation and useof words, phrases and jargon,including variations inlanguage, accent and dialect inCanadian communities andregions

Enhance artistry

x experiment with figurativelanguage, illustrations andvideo effects to create visualimages, provide emphasis orexpress emotion

x experiment with figurativelanguage, voice, sentencepatterns, camera angle andmusic to create an impressionor mood

x experiment with the languageand components of particularforms to communicate themesor represent the perspectivesof a variety of people orcharacters



4.2 Attend to Conventions


Attend to grammar and usage

x develop a sense of sentence

x speak in complete statements,as appropriate

x write simple statements,

demonstrating awareness ofcapital letters and periods

x write complete sentences,using capital letters andperiods

x use connecting words to join

related ideas in a sentence x identify nouns and verbs, and

use in own writing x identify adjectives and

adverbs that add interest anddetail to stories

Attend to spelling

x hear and identify dominantsounds in spoken words

x demonstrate curiosity about

visual features of letters andwords with personalsignificance

x connect letters with sounds in

words x print own name, and copy

environmental print and wordswith personal significance

x use knowledge of consonantand short vowel sounds tospell phonically regular onesyllable words in own writing

x spell phonically irregular high

frequency words in ownwriting


skills and visual memory toattempt spelling of wordsneeded for writing

x know that words have

conventionally acceptedspellings

x use phonic knowledge andskills and visual memory tospell words of more than onesyllable, high frequencyirregular words and regularplurals in own writing


skills and visual memory toattempt spelling of unfamiliarwords in own writing

x use the conventional spelling

of common words necessaryfor the efficientcommunication of ideas inwriting




Grade 3 Grade 4


x identify a variety of sentence types, and use inown writing

x identify correct subject–verb agreement, and usein own writing

x use adjectives and adverbs to add interest anddetail to own writing

x distinguish between complete and incompletesentences

x identify simple and compound sentencestructures, and use in own writing

x identify correct noun–pronoun agreement, and

use in own writing x identify past, present and future action

Attend to spelling

x use phonic knowledge and skills and visualmemory, systematically, to spell phonicallyregular, three-syllable words in own writing

x identify generalizations that assist with thespelling of unfamiliar words, including irregularplurals in own writing

x identify frequently misspelled words, anddevelop strategies for learning to spell themcorrectly in own writing

x use phonic knowledge and skills and visualmemory, systematically, to spell multisyllablewords in own writing

x identify and apply common spelling

generalizations in own writing x apply strategies for identifying and learning to

spell problem words in own writing




Grade 5 Grade 6


x use words and phrases to modify and clarifyideas in own writing

x use connecting words to link ideas in sentences

and paragraphs x identify irregular verbs, and use in own writing x identify past, present and future verb tenses, and

use in sentences

x identify the use of coordinate and subordinateconjunctions to express ideas

x use complex sentence structures and a variety of

sentence types in own writing x identify comparative and superlative forms of

adjectives, and use in own writing x identify past, present and future verb tenses, and

use throughout a piece of writing

Attend to spelling

x use phonic knowledge and skills, visualmemory, the meaning and function of words incontext, and spelling generalizations to spellwith accuracy in own writing

x study and use the correct spelling of commonly

misspelled words in own writing x know and consistently apply spelling

conventions when editing and proofreading ownwriting

x use a variety of resources and strategies todetermine and learn the correct spelling ofcommon exceptions to conventional spellingpatterns

x explain the importance of correct spellings for

effective communication x edit for and correct commonly misspelled words

in own writing, using spelling generalizationsand the meaning and function of words incontext






x use a variety of subordinateclauses correctly andappropriately in own writing

x use correct subject–verb

agreement in sentences withcompound subjects

x distinguish between formal

and informal conventions oforal and written language, anduse each appropriately,depending on the context,audience and purpose

x identify and use common

subjective and objective formsof pronouns, appropriately andcorrectly in own writing

x use words and phrases tomodify, clarify and enhanceideas and descriptions in ownwriting

x use a variety of simple,

compound and complexsentence structures tocommunicate effectively, andto make writing interesting

x use correct pronoun–

antecedent agreement in ownwriting

x use verb tenses consistently

throughout a piece of writing

x identify and use parallelstructure in own writing

x identify and use coordination,

subordination and appositionto enhance communication

x use a variety of strategies to

make effective transitionsbetween sentences andparagraphs in own writing

Attend to spelling

x use reference materials toconfirm spellings and to solvespelling problems whenediting and proofreading

x extend spelling vocabulary to

include words frequently usedin literature, but infrequentlyused in oral and other mediatexts

x apply specific and effective

strategies for learning andremembering the correctspelling of words in ownwriting

x develop a systematic andeffective approach to studyingand remembering the correctspelling of key wordsencountered in a variety ofprint and other media texts

x use knowledge of spelling

generalizations and howwords are formed to spelltechnical terms and unfamiliarwords in own writing

x identify the use of spelling

variants in print and othermedia texts, and discuss theeffectiveness depending onaudience and purpose

x demonstrate the deliberate,conscientious and independentapplication of a variety ofediting and proofreadingstrategies to confirm spellingsin own writing

x identify situations in which

careful attention to correctspelling is especiallyimportant

x identify and use variant

spellings for particular effects,depending on audience,purpose, content and context



4.2 Attend to Conventions (continued)


Attend to capitalization and punctuation

x recognize capital letters andperiods in print texts

x capitalize first letter of own

name

x capitalize the first letter ofnames and the pronoun “I” inown writing

x identify periods, exclamation

marks and question markswhen reading, and use them toassist comprehension

x use capital letters for propernouns and at the beginning ofsentences in own writing

x use periods and question

marks, appropriately, as endpunctuation in own writing

x use commas after greetings

and closures in friendly lettersand to separate words in aseries in own writing

x identify commas and

apostrophes when reading,and use them to assistcomprehension




Grade 3 Grade 4


x use capital letters appropriately in titles of booksand stories

x use exclamation marks, appropriately, as endpunctuation in own writing

x use apostrophes to form common contractionsand to show possession in own writing

x identify commas, end punctuation, apostrophesand quotation marks when reading, and usethem to assist comprehension

x use capitalization to designate organizations andto indicate the beginning of quotations in ownwriting

x use commas after introductory words in

sentences and when citing addresses in ownwriting

x identify quotation marks in passages of

dialogue, and use them to assist comprehension




Grade 5 Grade 6


x use capital letters, appropriately, in titles,headings and subheadings in own writing

x use quotation marks and separate paragraphs to

indicate passages of dialogue in own writing x recognize various uses of apostrophes, and use

them appropriately in own writing

x use colons before lists, to separate hours andminutes, and after formal salutations in ownwriting

x identify parentheses and colons when reading,

and use them to assist comprehension x identify ellipses that show words are omitted or

sentences are incomplete when reading, and usethem to assist comprehension






x use periods and commas withquotation marks that indicatedirect speech in own writing

x use commas to separate

phrases and clauses in ownwriting

x use quotation marks to

identify information takenfrom secondary sources inown writing

x use hyphens to break words atthe end of lines, and to make anew word from two relatedwords in own writing

x identify semicolons, dashes

and hyphens when reading,and use them to assistcomprehension

x use parentheses appropriately

in own writing x use appropriate capitalization

and punctuation forreferencing oral, print andother media texts

x use quotation marks todistinguish words beingdiscussed in own writing

x use dashes to show sentence

breaks or interrupted speech,where appropriate in ownwriting

x know that rules for

punctuation can vary, andadjust punctuation use foreffect in own writing



4.3 Present and Share


Present information

x share ideas and informationabout own drawings andtopics of personal interest

x present ideas and informationto a familiar audience, andrespond to questions

x present ideas and informationby combining illustrations andwritten texts

Enhance presentation

x use drawings to illustrate ideasand information, and talkabout them

x add such details as labels,captions and pictures to oral,print and other media texts

x clarify ideas and informationpresented in own oral, printand other media texts, byresponding to questions andcomments

Use effective oral and visual communication

x speak in a clear voice to shareideas and information

x speak in a clear voice, withappropriate volume, to anaudience

x speak in a clear voice, withappropriate volume, at anunderstandable pace and withexpression

Demonstrate attentive listening and viewing

x follow one- or two-stepinstructions

x make comments that relate to

the topic being discussed

x ask questions to clarifyinformation

x be attentive and show interest

during listening or viewingactivities

x ask relevant questions toclarify understanding and tohave information explained

x show enjoyment and

appreciation during listeningand viewing activities




Grade 3 Grade 4

Present information

x present ideas and information on a topic, using apre-established plan

x present to peers ideas and information on a topicof interest, in a well-organized form


x use print and nonprint aids to illustrate ideas andinformation in oral, print and other media texts

x add interest to presentations through the use ofprops, such as pictures, overheads and artifacts


x speak or present oral readings with fluency,rhythm, pace, and with appropriate intonation toemphasize key ideas

x adjust volume, tone of voice and gesturesappropriately, to suit a variety of social andclassroom activities


x rephrase, restate and explain the meaning of oraland visual presentations

x identify and set purposes for listening andviewing

x connect own ideas, opinions and experiences tothose communicated in oral and visualpresentations

x give constructive feedback, ask relevant

questions, and express related opinions inresponse to oral and visual presentations




Grade 5 Grade 6

Present information

x organize ideas and information in presentationsto maintain a clear focus and engage theaudience

x use various styles and forms of presentations,depending on content, audience and purpose


x use effective openings and closings that attractand sustain reader or audience interest

x emphasize key ideas and information to enhanceaudience understanding and enjoyment


x adjust volume, tone of voice and gestures toengage the audience; arrange presentation spaceto focus audience attention

x demonstrate control of voice, pacing, gesturesand facial expressions; arrange props andpresentation space to enhance communication


x identify and interpret the purpose of verbal andnonverbal messages and the perspectives of thepresenter

x show respect for the presenter’s opinions by

listening politely and providing thoughtfulfeedback

x identify the tone, mood and emotion conveyedin oral and visual presentations

x respond to the emotional aspects of

presentations by providing nonverbalencouragement and appreciative comments





Present information

x present ideas and opinionsconfidently, but withoutdominating the discussion,during small group activitiesand short, whole classsessions

x plan and facilitate small groupand short, whole classpresentations to shareinformation

x select, organize and presentinformation to appeal to theinterests and backgroundknowledge of various readersor audiences


x clarify and support ideas oropinions with details, visualsor media techniques

x present information to achievea particular purpose and toappeal to interest andbackground knowledge ofreader or audience

x choose appropriate types ofevidence and strategies toclarify ideas and information,and to convince variousreaders and audiences


x identify and use explicittechniques to arouse andmaintain interest and toconvince the audience

x plan and shape presentationsto achieve particular purposesor effects, and use feedbackfrom rehearsals to makemodifications

x integrate a variety of mediaand display techniques, asappropriate, to enhance theappeal, accuracy andpersuasiveness ofpresentations


x listen and view attentively toorganize and classifyinformation and to carry outmultistep instructions

x ask questions or make

comments that elicit additionalinformation; probe differentaspects of ideas, and clarifyunderstanding

x anticipate the organizationalpattern of presentations, andidentify important ideas andsupporting details

x use appropriate verbal and

nonverbal feedback to respondrespectfully

x follow the train of thought,and evaluate the credibility ofthe presenter and the evidenceprovided

x provide feedback that

encourages the presenter andaudience to consider otherideas and additionalinformation


General Outcome 5

Respect, support andcollaborate with others

Cooperate withothers

Work in groups

Evaluate groupprocess

Relate texts toculture

Celebrateaccomplishments and

eventsAppreciatediversity

Use language to show respect

5.1 Respect Others andStrengthen Community

5.2 Work within a Group



General Outcome 5

Students will listen, speak, read, write, viewand represent to respect, support andcollaborate with others.

Language is necessary for working together.Students learn collaboration skills by discussing ingroups, by building on the ideas of others, and byplanning and working together to meet commongoals and strengthen community. In everyclassroom, students develop a sense ofcommunity. They learn to use language to offerassistance and to participate in and enrich theirclassroom community. In this way, students shareperspectives and ideas, develop understanding andrespect diversity.

Students learn that language is important forcelebrating events of personal, social, communityand national significance. In their languagelearning and use, they develop their knowledge oflanguage forms and functions. As well, they cometo know how language preserves and enrichesculture. To celebrate their own use of language,students display their work, share with others, anddelight both in their own and others’ use of thelanguage arts. Throughout Kindergarten toGrade 9, students use language to celebratesignificant community and national events.Students need opportunities to reflect on, appraiseand celebrate their achievements and growth.


Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and representto respect, support and collaborate with others.


5.1 Respect Others and Strengthen Community


Appreciate diversity

x explore personal experiencesand family traditions related tooral, print and other mediatexts

x share personal experiencesand family traditions related tooral, print and other mediatexts

x discuss the experiences andtraditions of variouscommunities portrayed in oral,print and other media texts

x ask for and provideclarification and elaborationof stories and ideas

Relate texts to culture

x explore oral, print and othermedia texts from variouscommunities

x talk about other times, placesand people after exploringoral, print and other mediatexts from variouscommunities

x discuss similarities anddifferences in settings,characters and events in oral,print and other media textsfrom various communities

Celebrate accomplishments and events

x share stories, using rhymes,rhythms, symbols, picturesand drama to celebrateindividual and classaccomplishments

x share ideas and experiencesthrough conversation, puppetplays, dramatic scenes andsongs to celebrate individualand class accomplishments

x participate in shared languageexperiences to acknowledgeand celebrate individual andclass accomplishments


x use appropriate words, phrasesand statements with adults andpeers when speaking andlistening, sharing and takingturns

x use appropriate words, phrasesand sentences to askquestions, to seek and giveassistance, and to take turns

x adjust own language useaccording to the context,purpose and audience




Grade 3 Grade 4


x describe similarities between experiences andtraditions encountered in daily life and thoseportrayed in oral, print and other media texts

x retell, paraphrase or explain ideas in oral, printand other media texts

x describe similarities and differences betweenpersonal experiences and the experiences ofpeople or characters from various culturesportrayed in oral, print and other media texts

x appreciate that responses to some oral, print orother media texts may be different


x identify and discuss similar ideas or topicswithin stories from oral, print and other mediatexts from various communities

x identify and discuss main characters, plots,settings and illustrations in oral, print and othermedia texts from diverse cultures andcommunities


x use appropriate language to acknowledge andcelebrate individual and class accomplishments

x use appropriate language to acknowledgespecial events and to honour accomplishmentsin and beyond the classroom


x demonstrate respect for the ideas, abilities andlanguage use of others

x identify and discuss differences in language usein a variety of school and community contexts




Grade 5 Grade 6


x discuss personal understanding of the lives ofpeople or characters in various communities,cultural traditions, places and times portrayed inoral, print and other media texts

x compare own and others’ responses to ideas andexperiences related to oral, print and othermedia texts

x compare personal challenges and situationsencountered in daily life with those experiencedby people or characters in other times, placesand cultures portrayed in oral, print and othermedia texts

x share and discuss ideas and experiences thatcontribute to different responses to oral, printand other media texts


x identify and discuss how qualities, such ascourage, ambition and loyalty, are portrayed inoral, print and other media texts from diversecultures and communities

x identify ways in which oral, print and othermedia texts from diverse cultures andcommunities explore similar ideas


x select and use language appropriate in tone andform to recognize and honour people and events

x use appropriate language to participate in publicevents, occasions or traditions


x determine and use language appropriate to thecontext of specific situations

x demonstrate respect by choosing appropriatelanguage and tone in oral, print and other mediatexts






x discuss how ideas, people,experiences and culturaltraditions are portrayed invarious oral, print and othermedia texts

x explain how differingperspectives and uniquereactions expandunderstanding

x compare own with others’understanding of people,cultural traditions and valuesportrayed in oral, print andother media texts

x clarify and broadenperspectives and opinions, byexamining the ideas of others

x examine how personalexperiences, cultural traditionsand Canadian perspectives arepresented in oral, print andother media texts

x take responsibility fordeveloping and sharing oral,print and other media textsand for respondingrespectfully to the texts ofothers


x identify and discuss recurringthemes in oral, print and othermedia texts from diversecultures and communities

x compare ways in which oral,print and other media textsreflect specific elements ofcultures or periods in history

x analyze how oral, print andother media texts reflect thetraditions, beliefs andtechnologies of differentcultures, communities orperiods in history


x select and use appropriateform and tone for specificaudiences to celebrate specialevents and accomplishments

x participate in organizing andcelebrating special events,recognizing theappropriateness andsignificance of language arts

x explore and experiment withvarious ways in whichlanguage arts are used acrosscultures, age groups andgenders to honour andcelebrate people and events


x demonstrate respect fordiverse ideas, cultures andtraditions portrayed in oral,print and other media texts

x use inclusive language andactions that demonstraterespect for people of differentraces, cultures, genders, agesand abilities

x create or use oral, print andother media texts in ways thatare respectful of people,opinions, communities andcultures





Cooperate with others

x participate in class and groupactivities

x find ways to be helpful to

others

x work in partnerships andgroups

x help others and ask others for

help

x work in a variety ofpartnerships and groupstructures

x identify ways that class

members can help each other

Work in groups

x ask and answer questions todetermine what the classknows about a topic

x listen to the ideas of others

x ask questions and contributeideas related to classinvestigations on topics ofinterest

x take turns sharing ideas and

information

x contribute relevantinformation and questions toextend group understanding oftopics and tasks

x stay on topic during class and

group discussions

Evaluate group process

x respond to questions aboutpersonal contributions togroup process

x recognize personalcontributions to group process

x recognize own and others’contributions to group process




Grade 3 Grade 4


x work cooperatively with others in small groupson structured tasks

x identify others who can provide assistance, andseek their help in specific situations

x take responsibility for collaborating with othersto achieve group goals

x ask for and provide information and assistance,

as appropriate, for completing individual andgroup tasks

Work in groups

x contribute ideas and information on topics todevelop a common knowledge base in the group

x ask others for their ideas, and express interest intheir contributions

x share personal knowledge of a topic to developpurposes for research or investigations andpossible categories of questions

x use brainstorming, summarizing and reporting to

organize and carry out group projects


x assess the effectiveness of group process, usingpre-established criteria

x assess group process, using established criteria,and determine areas for improvement




Grade 5 Grade 6


x accept and take responsibility for fulfilling ownrole as a group member

x discuss and decide whether to work individually

or collaboratively to achieve specific goals

x assume a variety of roles, and shareresponsibilities as a group member

x identify and participate in situations and

projects in which group work enhances learningand results

Work in groups

x formulate questions to guide research orinvestigations, with attention to specificaudiences and purposes

x contribute ideas to help solve problems, and

listen and respond constructively

x contribute to group knowledge of topics toidentify and focus information needs, sourcesand purposes for research or investigations

x address specific problems in a group by

specifying goals, devising alternative solutionsand choosing the best alternative


x show appreciation for the contributions ofothers, and offer constructive feedback to groupmembers

x assess own contributions to group process, andset personal goals for working effectively withothers






x contribute collaboratively ingroup situations, by askingquestions and building on theideas of others

x take responsibility for

assuming a variety of roles ina group, depending onchanging contexts and needs

x propose ideas or advocatepoints of view that recognizethe ideas of others andadvance the thinking of thegroup

x use opportunities as a group

member to contribute to groupgoals and extend own learning

x contribute to group efforts toreach consensus orconclusions, by engaging indialogue to understand theideas and viewpoints of others

x discuss and choose ways to

coordinate the abilities andinterests of individual groupmembers to achieve groupgoals

Work in groups

x contribute ideas, knowledgeand questions to establish aninformation base for researchor investigations

x assist in setting and achieving

group goals by inviting othersto speak, suggestingalternatives, assigning tasks,sharing resources, followingup on others’ ideas andlistening to a variety of pointsof view

x contribute ideas, knowledgeand strategies to identifygroup information needs andsources

x organize and complete tasks

cooperatively by definingroles and responsibilities,negotiating to find the basisfor agreement, settingobjectives and time frames,and reviewing progress

x generate and access ideas in agroup, and use a variety ofmethods to focus and clarifytopics for research orinvestigations

x share responsibility for the

completion of team projectsby establishing clear purposeand procedures for solvingproblems, monitoring progressand making modifications tomeet stated objectives


x evaluate group process andpersonal contributionsaccording to pre-establishedcriteria to determine strengthsand areas for improvement

x evaluate the quality of owncontributions to groupprocess, and offer constructivefeedback to others; proposesuggestions for improvement

x establish and use criteria toevaluate group process andpersonal contributions; setgoals and make plans forimprovement

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS - Alberta Education · Reading and writing are powerful means of ......

Documents

Transcript of ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS - Alberta Education · Reading and writing are powerful means of ......