BASIC GRAMMAR

GRAMMAR:-

The systematic study and description of a language.

OR

A set of rules and examples dealing with the syntax and word structures of a language,

usually intended as an aid to the learning of that language.

LANGUAGE:-

The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of

words in a structured and conventional way:

What is Grammar

The SentenceThe Sentenceis a group of words

expressing a complete thought.

expressinga

complete

thought

Every sentence has two essential parts: and

The subject of a sentence is the part about which something is being said.

The flower bloomed.

VeRru painted.

The girls on the team were all good students.

The predicate of a sentence is the part which says something about the subject.

Inzi told everyone about the Waqar.

Mushtaq sobbed.

Ali plays the piano well.

The simple subject is the main word in the complete subject.

The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or

group of words in the complete predicate.

The complete subject is the main word and all its

modifiers.

The complete predicate is the verb and all its

modifiers.

The four new students arrived early.

Complete subject The four new students

Simple subject students

Sara’s sister took us bowling yesterday.

Simple predicate took

Complete Predicate took us bowling yesterday

Eight Parts of Speech

NounsPronouns

Adjectives Adverbs

Adverbs

ConjunctionsConjunctions

Prepositions

Verbs

InterjectionsInterjections

Word that names

• A Person

• An Idea

• A Thing

• A Place

Kinds of NounsKinds of Nouns

Common Nouns boy girl

Proper Nouns John Mary

Singular Nouns boy girl

Plural Nouns boys girls

Singular Possessive boy’s girl’s

Plural Possessive boys’ girls’

A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a

statement

LinkingLinking

“be” verbs&

tastefeel

soundlook

appearbecome

seemgrow

remainstay

SubjectSubject

predicatepredicate

The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.

The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.

Personal Pronouns

I, me, mine

you, your, yours

she, her, hers,

it, its

we,us, our, ours

they, them, their,

theirs

myself

yourself

Indefinite Pronounsanybody

eacheithernone

someone, one, etc. Interrogative Pronounswhowhomwhat

whichwhose

Demonstrative Pronounsthisthat

thesethose

Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

Is that a wool sweater?

Just give me five minutes.

Did you lose your addressbook?

Answers these questions:

Modifies or describesa verb, an adjective,or another adverb.

Modifies or describesa verb, an adjective,or another adverb.

Answers the questions:Answers the questions:

How?How?He ran quickly.He ran quickly.

She left yesterday.She left yesterday.When?When?

We went there.We went there. Where?Where?

It was too hot!It was too hot! To what degree or how much?To what degree or how much?

InterrogativeAdverbs

introduce questionsHow did you break your

leg?

When does your plane leave?

How often do you run?

Where did you put the mouse trap?

A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence

as a noun. The word or word group that thepreposition introduces is its object.

They received a postcard from Bobby telling

about his trip to Canada.

The preposition never stands alone!

prepositionnoun

pronoun

object ofpreposition

preposition object

object can have modifiers

You can press those leaves under glass.

Her telegram to Nina and Ali brought good news.

It happened during the last examination.

Some Common Prepositions

aboardaboutaboveacrossafter

against alongamongaround

atbefore

behindbelow

beneathbeside

betweenbeyond

bydown during except

for

fromin

intolikeofoffon

overpastsince

through

throughoutto

towardunder

underneathuntilup

uponwith

withinwithout

The conjunction

A conjunction is a word that joins wordsor groups of words.

and

or

buteither/or

neither/nor

The interjection

is an exclamatory word that expressesemotion

Goodness! What a cute baby!

Wow! Look at thatsunset!

question….

Questions???