Department of English General English Courses - Loyola College
English General
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Transcript of English General
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AurAllah jisey Chahta hai Izzatdeta hai aur jise Chahta hai zillat deta
hai.(Surah Imran )
ENGLISH GENERAL PORTION :
Part-I: English (weightage = 20%)Vocabulary, Grammar usage, Comprehension
Vocabulary: Well, I have been taking NTS classes for almost a year now and am
accustomed to such types of tests. Nobody can claim to have a complete command over
Vocabulary at all. Therefore, instead of cramming a whole lot of words, I suggest and teach
learning the skill of LEXICOGRAPHY. It enables you to understand the formation and
meaning of words. There are 7-8 very simple techniques of Lexicography which Im sharing
with you all.
LEXICOGRAPHY :
Lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and evaluation of general dictionaries.
The edition in the dictionaries takes place on the following basic principles of Word
Formation.
1. Conversion:Definition:
A linguistic process that assigns an already existing word to a newword class ( part of speech ).
This process is also known as a functional shiftorzero derivation.
e.g. 1. The police hared after the thief.
2. You can bank on his talent.
2. Portmanteau wordDefinition:
"Portmanteau word" is used to describe a linguistic blend, namely "a word formed by blending sounds
from two or more distinct words and combining their meanings."
e.g. 1. brunch (breakfast + lunch)
2. motel (motor + hotel)
3. smog (smoke + fog)
4. emoticon ( emotion + Icon )
3. Derivation:Definition:
The process of creating a new word out of one or more old words, either by adding a prefix or suffix or
by compounding.
e.g. ness, ise, ize, ish, ly, al, ify, able, ance, er, en, un, in, im, railway, breakfast
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4. Onomatopoeia:Definition:
Onomatopoeia is a word that phonetically imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes.e.g. Meow, roar, chirp, bang.
5. Root:Definition:A word or word element (that is, a morpheme) from which other words grow, usually through the
addition of prefixes and suffixes.e.g. Happy, prison, etc.
6. ETYMOLOGY:
Etymology is the study of thehistoryofwords, their origins, and how their form andmeaninghave
changed over time. By an extension, the term "etymology (of a word)" means the origin of a particular
word.
For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts
about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during earlier periods of their
history and when they entered the languages in question. Etymologists also apply the methods
ofcomparative linguisticsto reconstruct information about languages that are too old for any direct
information to be available.
By analyzing related languages with a technique known as thecomparative method, linguists can makeinferences about their shared parent language and its vocabulary. In this way, word rootshave beenfound that can be traced all the way back to the origin.If you have just a little bit of know-and-how of Etymology then you can easily guess the MOSTPROBABLY right answer instead of banking on mere FLUKE.You will be surprised to know that the realEnglish words are merely 50 % while the remaining are composed with the addition of either a prefix ( theword that is written before the original word. e.g. un, in, im, etc.) and suffix ( the word that is written afterthe original word. e.g. less, ale, ily, etc.)The main thing you need to learn is the root word which gives birth to numerous words.For instance, the word "vid" generally refers to "view". If you know this thing then you can easilyunderstand meanings of the words you have never heard or read before. e.g. video. vision, visual.evidence. and many more such words which will give you the sense of the word.Here again I quote that I had never studied etymology at all but had good common sense of comparingdifferent words and taking out the similarities.
Nothing is easy or difficult to study. All I know is easy to me and vice versa.It also needs one's personal interest as well to develop the skill.Developing the skill of etymology needs your keen observation along with little effort.Another example for etymology is as follows.The words such as spectacle, spectrum, prospect, aspect, spectacular, inspection, inspector, etc, havesome thing in common and that is "spec". So one can easily develop the sense that all these words havemore or less the similar meanings having a common word among them. All have some connection, oneway or the other, with the meaning "VIEW".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History -
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Hence, one can easily guess the meanings of various bizarre words which one comes across duringcomposition paper.
Root, Prefix or Suffix Meaning Examples
a, ac, ad, af, ag,al, an, ap, as, at
to, toward, near, in additionto, by
aside, accompany, adjust, aggression, allocate,annihilate, affix, associate, attend, adverb
a-, an- not, withoutapolitical, atheist, anarchy, anonymous, apathy,aphasia, anemia
ab, abs away from, off absolve, abrupt, absent
-able, -ible Adjective: worth, ability solvable, incredible
acer, acid, acri bitter, sour, sharp acerbic, acidity, acrid, acrimony
act, ag do, act, drive active, react, agent, active, agitate
Acu sharp acute, acupuncture, accurate
-acy, -cy Noun: state or quality privacy, infancy, adequacy, intimacy, supremacy
-ade act, product, sweet drink blockade, lemonade
aer, aero air, atmosphere, aviation aerial, aerosol, aerodrome
ag, agi, ig, act do, move, goagent, agenda, agitate, navigate, ambiguous,action
-ageNoun: activity, or result ofaction
courage, suffrage, shrinkage, tonnage
agri, agro pertaining to fields or soil agriculture, agroindustry
-al Noun: action, result of action referral, disavowal, disposal, festival
-al, -ial, -ical Adjective: quality, relation structural, territorial, categorical
alb, albo white, without pigment albino, albite
ali, allo, alter other alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego, altruism
alt high, deep altimeter, altitude
am, ami, amor love, like, liking amorous, amiable, amicable, enamoured
ambi both ambidextrous
ambul to walk ambulatory, amble, ambulance, somnambulist
-an Noun: person artisan, guardian, historian, magician
ana, ano up, back, again, anew anode, anagram, anagenetic
-ance, -ence
Noun: action, state, quality or
process
resistance, independence, extravagance,
fraudulence
-ancy, -encyNoun: state, quality orcapacity
vacancy, agency, truancy, latency
andr, andro male, characteristics of men androcentric, android
ang angular angle
anim mind, life, spirit, anger animal, animate, animosity
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ann, annu, enni yearly annual, annual, annuity, anniversary, perrenial
-ant, -entNoun: an agent, somethingthat performs the action
disinfectant, dependent, fragrant
-ant, -ent, -ientAdjective: kind of agent,indication
important, dependent, convenient
ante beforeanterior, anteroom, antebellum, antedate,antecedent antediluvian
anthrop man anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy
anti, ant against, oppositeantisocial, antiseptic, antithesis, antibody,antinomies, antifreeze, antipathy
anti, antico old antique, antiquated, antiquity
apo, ap, aph away from, detached, formed apology, apocalypse, aphagia
aqu water aqueous
-ar, -aryAdjective: resembling,related to
spectacular, unitary
arch chief, first, rulearchangel, architect, archaic, monarchy,matriarchy, patriarchy, Archeozoic era
-ard, -art Noun: characterized braggart, drunkard, wizard
aster, astr star aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy, astronaut
-ate Noun: state, office, fuction candidate, electorate, delegate
-ate Verb: cause to be graduate, ameliorate, amputate, colligate
-ate Adjective: kind of state inviolate
-ation Noun: action, resulting state specialization, aggravation, alternation
auc, aug, aut to originate, to increase augment , author, augment, auction
aud, audi, aur,aus
to hear, listen audience, audio, audible, auditorium, audiovisual,audition, auricular, ausculate
aug, auc increase augur, augment, auction
aut, auto selfautomobile, automatic, automotive, autograph,autonomous, autoimmune
bar weight, pressure barometer
beon, around, over, about,excessively, make, cause,name, affect
berate, bedeck, bespeak, belittle, beleaguer
belli war rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose
bene good, well, gentle benefactor, beneficial, benevolent, benediction,beneficiary, benefit
bi, bine two biped, bifurcate, biweekly, bivalve, biannual
bibl, bibli, biblio book bibliophile, bibliography, Bible
bio, bi life biography, biology, biometricsm biome, biosphere
brev short abbreviate, brevity, brief
cad, cap, cas, to take, to seize, to hold receive, deceive, capable, capacious, captive,
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ceiv, cept, capt,cid, cip
accident, capture, occasion, concept, intercept,forceps, except, reciprocate
cad, cas to fall cadaver, cadence, cascade
-cade procession motorcade
calor heat calorie, caloric, calorimetercapit, capt head decapitate, capital, captain, caption
carn flesh carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnal
cat, cata, cath down, with catalogue, category, catheter
caus, caut burn, heat caustic, cauldron, cauterize
cause, cuse, cus cause, motive because, excuse, accusation
ceas, ced, cede,ceed, cess
to go, to yield, move, go,surrender
succeed, proceed, precede, recede, secession,exceed, succession
cent hundred centennial, century, centipede
centr, centri center eccentricity, centrifugal, concentric, eccentric
chrom color chrome, chromosome, polychrome, chromatic
chron timechronology, chronic, chronicle chronometer,anachronism, synchronize
cide, cis, cise to kill, to cut, cut downfratricide, homicide, incision, incision, circumcision,scissors
circum around
circumnavigate, circumflex, circumstance,circumcision, circumference, circumorbital,circumlocution, circumvent, circumscribe,circulatory
cit call, start incite, citation, cite
civ citizen civic, civil, civilian, civilization
clam, claim cry outexclamation, clamor, proclamation, reclamation,acclaim
clin lean, bend decline, aclinic, inclination
clud, clus claus to close, shutinclude, exclude, clause, claustrophobia, enclose,exclusive, reclusive, conclude
co, cog, col, coll,con, com, cor
with, together
cohesiveness, cognate, collaborate, convene,commitment, compress, contemporary, converge,compact, confluence, convenient, concatenate,conjoin, combine, correct
cogn, gnos to knowrecognize, cognizant, diagnose, agnostic,incognito, prognosis
com, con fullycomplete, compel, conscious, condense, confess,confirm
contr, contra,counter
against, oppositecontradict, counteract, contravene, contrary,counterspy, contrapuntal
cord, cor, cardi heart cordial, concord, discord, courage, encourage
corp bodycorporation, corporal punishment, corpse,corpulent, corpus luteum
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cort correct escort, cortage
cosm universe, world cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut
cour, cur, curr,curs
run, course occur, excursion, discourse, courier, course
crat, cracy rule autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracycre, cresc, cret,crease
grow create, crescent, accretion, increase
crea create creature, recreation, creation
cred believecreed, credo, credence, credit, credulous,incredulous, incredible
cresc, cret,crease, cru
rise, grow crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease, accrue
crit separate, choose critical, criterion, hypocrite
cur, curs runcurrent, concurrent, concur, incur, recur, occur,courier, precursor, cursive
cura care curator, curative, manicure
cycl, cyclo wheel, circle, circular Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclic
de-from, down, away, to do theopposite, reverse, against
detach, deploy, derange, decrease, deodorize,devoid, deflate, degenerate
dec, deca ten, ten times decimal, decade, decalogue, decimate, decathlon
dec, dign suitable decent decorate dignity
dei, div God divinity, divine, deity, divination, deify
dem, demo people, populace, population democracy, demography, demagogue, epidemic
dent, dont tooth dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal
derm skin, covering hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis, taxidermy
di-, dy- two, twice, double divide, diverge, diglycerides
dia through, across, betweendiameter, diagonal, dialogue dialect, dialectic,diagnosis, diachronic
dic, dict, dit say, speakdictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator, Dictaphone,edict, predict, verdict, contradict, benediction
dis, difnot, opposite of, reverse,separate, deprive of, away
dismiss, differ, disallow, disperse, dissuade, divide,disconnect, disproportion, disrespect, distemper,disarray
dit give credit, audit
doc, doct teach, prove docile, doctor, doctrine, document, dogma,indoctrinate
dominmaster, that which is undercontrol
dominate, dominion, predominant, domain
don give donate, condone
dorm sleep dormant, dormitory
dox thought, opinion, praise orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology
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-drome run, step syndrome, aerodrome, velodrome
duc, duct to lead, pullproduce, abduct, product, transducer, viaduct,aqueduct, induct, deduct, reduce, induce
dura hard, lasting durable, duration, endure
dynam power dynamo, dynamic, dynamite, hydrodynamics
dys-bad, abnormal, difficult,impaired, unfavorable
dysfunctional, dyslexia, dyspathy
e-not, missing, out, fully, away,computer network related
emit, embed, eternal,ether, erase, email, e-tailer
ec- out of, outside echo, eclipse, eclectic, ecesis, ecstasy, exzema
eco-household, environment,relating to ecology oreconomy
ecology, economize, ecospheres, ecomanagement
ecto- outside, external ectomorph, ectoderm, ectoplasm
-ed Verb: past tense dressed, faded, patted, closed, introduced
-edAdjective: having the qualityor characteristics of
winged, moneyed, dogged, tiered
-en Verb: to cause to become lengthen, moisten, sharpen
-en Adjective: material golden, woolen, silken
en-, em-put into, make, provide with,surround with
enamor, embolden, enslave, empower, entangle
-ence, -encyNoun: action or process,quality or state
reference, emergency, dependence, eminence,latency
end- inside, withinendorse, endocardial, endergonic, endoskeleton,endoscope, endogenous
epi- upon, close to, over, after,altered
epicenter, epicarp, epilogue, epigone, epidiorite
equi- equalequidistant, equilateral, equilibrium, equinox,equation, equator
-er, -ier Adjective: comparative better, brighter, sooner, hotter, happier
-er, -orNoun: person or thing thatdoes something
flyer, reporter, player, member, fryer, collector,concentrator
-er, -or Verb: action ponder, dishonor, clamor
erg work, effectenergy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph,ergophobia
-ery
collective qualities, art,
practice, trade, collection,state, condition
snobbery, bakery, geenery, gallery, slavery
-es, -iesNoun: plural of most nounsending in -ch, -s, -sh, -o and-z and some in -f and -y
passes, glasses, ladies, heroes
-es, -iesVerb: third person singularpresent indicative of verbsthat end in -ch, -s, -sh, - and
blesses, hushes, fizzes, defies
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some in -y
-ess female actress, goddess, poetess
-est, -iestAdjective or Adverb:superlative
latest, strongest, luckiest, lyingest
ev-, et- time, age medieval, eternal
ex-out of, away from, lacking,former
exit, exhale, exclusive, exceed, explosion, ex-mayor
exter-, extra-,extro-
outside of, beyondexternal, extrinsic, extraordinary, extrapolate,extraneous, extrovert
fa, fess speak fable, fabulous, fame, famous, confess, profess
fac, fact, fec, fect,fic, fas, fea
do, makedifficult, fashion, feasible, feature, factory, fact,effect, manufacture, amplification, confection
fall, fals deceive fallacy, falsify, fallacious
femto quadrillionth femtosecond
fer bear, carry ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer, transferfic, feign, fain, fit,feat
shape, make, fashion fiction, faint, feign
fid belief, faith confide, diffident, fidelity
fid, fide, feder faith, trustconfidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity, infidel,federal, confederacy, semper fi
fig shape, form figurem, effigy, figure, figment
fila, fili thread filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster
fin end, ended, finished final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine, define, finale
fix repair, attach fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix
flex, flect bend flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility, reflect,deflect,circumflex
flict strike affliction, conflict, inflict
flu, fluc, fluv, flux flowinfluence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently, fluctuate, reflux,influx
-foldAdverb: in a manner of,marked by
fourfold
for, fore before forecast, fortune, foresee
forc, fort strength, strong effort, fort, forte, fortifiable, fortify, forte, fortitude
form shape, resembleform, format, conform, formulate, perform, formal,
formulafract, frag, frai break fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract, frail
fuge flee subterfuge, refuge, centrifuge
-fulNoun: an amount or quanitythat fills
mouthful
-fulAdjective: having, giving,marked by
fanciful
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fuse pour confuse, transfuse
-fy make, form into falsify, dandify
gam marriage bigamy, monogamy, polygamy
gastr, gastro stomach gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod
gen kind generous
gen birth, race, producegenesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy, generate,genetic, antigen, pathogen
geo earth geometry, geography, geocentric, geology
germ vital part germination, germ, germane
gest carry, bear congest, gestation
giga billion gigabyte, gigaflop
gin careful gingerly
gloss, glot tongue glossary, polyglot, epiglottis
glu, glo lump, bond, glue glue, agglutinate, conglomerate
gor to gather, to bring together category, categorize
grad, gress, greeto gather, to bring together,step, go
grade, degree, progress, gradual, graduate, egress
graph, gram, graf write, written, drawgraph, graphic, autograph, photography, graphite,telegram, polygraph, grammar, biography,lithograph, graphic
grat pleasing congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate
grav heavy, weighty grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate
greg herd gregarious, congregation, segregate, gregarian
hale, heal make whole, sound inhale, exhale, heal, healthy, healthiness
helio sun heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric
hema, hemo blood hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemostat
her, here, hes stickadhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent, hereditary,hesitate
hetero other, differentheterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual,heterodyne
hex, ses, sex six hexagon, hexameter, sestet, sextuplets
homo same homogenize, homosexual, homonym, homophone
hum, human earth, ground, man humus, exhume, humane
hydr, hydra,hydro
waterdehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics,hydrogen, hydrophobia
hyper over, abovehyperactive, hypertensive, hyperbolic,hypersensitive, hyperventilate, hyperkinetic
hypn sleep hypnosis, hypnotherapy
-ia Noun: names, diseases phobia
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-ian, an Noun: related to, one that is pedestrian, human
-iatry Noun: art of healing psychiatry
-ic Adjective: quality, relation generic
-ic, icsNoun: related to the arts and
sciences
arithmetic, economics
-ice Noun: act malice
-ify Verb: cause specify
ignis fire ignite, igneous, ignition
-ileAdjective: having thequalities of
projectile
in, im into, on, near, towards instead, import
in, im, il, ir notillegible, irresolute, inaction, inviolate, innocuous,intractable, innocent, impregnable, impossible,imposter
infra beneath infrared, infrastructure
-ingNoun: material made for,activity, result of an activity
flooring, swimming, building
-ing Verb: present participle depicting
-ing Adjective: activity cohering
inter between, amonginternational, intercept, interject, intermission,internal, intermittent,
intrawithin, during, betweenlayers, underneath
intramural, intranet, intranatal
intro into, within, inward interoffice, introvert, introspection, introduce
-ion Noun: condition or action abduction
-ishAdjective: having thecharacter of
newish
-ismNoun: doctrine, belief, actionor conduct
formalism
-ist Noun: person or member podiatrist
-ite Noun: state or quality graphite
-ity, ty Noun: state or quality lucidity, novelty
-ive Noun: condition native
-ive, -ative, -itiveAdjective: having the quality
of
festive, cooperative, sensitive
-ize Verb: cause fantasize
jac, ject throwreject, eject, project, trajectory, interject, dejected,inject, ejaculate, adjacent
join, junct joinadjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction, injunction,conjunction
judice judge prejudice
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jug, junct, just to join junction, adjust, conjugal
juven young juvenile, rejuvenate
labor work laborious, belabor
lau, lav, lot, lut wash launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute
lect, leg, lig choose, gather, select, read collect, legible, eligible
leg law legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize
-less Adjective: without, missing motiveless
levi light alleviate, levitate, levity
lex, leag, leg law legal, college, league
liber, liver free liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance
lide strike collide, nuclide
liter letters literary, literature, literal, alliteration, obliterate
loc, loco place, area location, locally, locality, allocate, locomotion
log, logo, ologyword, study, say, speech,reason, study
catalog, prologue, dialogue, zoology, logo
loqu, locut talk, speak eloquent, loquacious, colloquial, circumlocution
luc, lum, lun, lus,lust
lighttranslucent, luminary, luster, luna, illuminate,illustrate
lude play prelude
-ly Adverb: in the manner of fluently
macr-, macer lean emaciated, meager
magn greatmagnify, magnificent, magnanimous, magnate,magnitude, magnum
main strength, foremost mainstream, mainsail, domain, remain
mal bad, badlymalformation, maladjusted, dismal, malady,malcontent,malfunction, malfeasance, maleficent
man, manu hand, make, domanual, manage, manufacture, manacle,manicure, manifest, maneuver, emancipate,management
mand command mandatory, remand, mandate
mania madness mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania
mar, mari, mer sea, pool marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid
matri mother matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron
medihalf, middle, between,halfway
mediate, medieval, Mediterranean, mediocre,medium
mega great, millionmegaphone, megaton, megaflop, megalomaniac,megabyte, megalopolis
mem recall, remembermemo, commemoration, memento, memoir,memorable
ment mind mental, mention
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-ment Noun: condition or result document
meso middle mesomorph, mesoamerica, mesosphere
meta beyond, changemetaphor, metamorphosis, metabolism,metahistorical, metainformation
meter measure meter, voltammeter, barometer, thermometermetr admeasure, apportion metrics, asymmetric, parametric, telemetry
micro small, millionthmicroscope, microfilm, microcard, microwave,micrometer, microvolt
migra wander migrate, emigrant, immigrate
mill, kilo thousand millennium, kilobyte, kiloton
milli thousandth millisecond, milligram, millivolt
min little, small minute, minor, minuscule
mis wrong, bad, badlymisconduct, misinform, misinterpret,mispronounce, misnomer, mistake, misogynist
mit, miss send emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit, transmit,omit, intermittent, mission, missile
mob, mov, mot move motion, remove, mobile, motor
mon warn, remind monument, admonition, monitor, premonition
mono onemonopoly, monotype, monologue, mononucleosis,monorail, monotheist,
mor, mort mortal, death mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician, mortuary
morph shape, formamorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis,morphology, polymorphic, morpheme, amorphous
multi many, muchmultifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply, multitude,
multipurpose, multinationalnano billionth nanosecond, nanobucks
nasc, nat, gnant,nai
to be born nascent, native, pregnant, naive
nat, nasc to be from, to spring forth innate, natal, native, renaissance
neo newNeolithic, nuveau riche, neologism, neophyte,neonate
-nessNoun: state, condition,quality
kindness
neur nerve neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural, neurotic
nom law, order autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy, economynom, nym name nominate, synonym
nomen, nomin name nomenclature, nominate, ignominious
non nine nonagon
non not nonferrous, nonsense, nonabrasive, nondescript
nov new novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate
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nox, noc night nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent
numer number numeral, numeration, enumerate, innumerable
numisma coin numismatics
ob, oc, of, op toward, against, in the way oppose, occur, offer, obtain
oct eight octopus, octagon, octogenarian, octave
oligo few, little Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic, oligarchy
omni all, every omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, omnivorous
onym name anonymous, pseudonym, antonym, synonym
oper work operate, cooperate, opus
-or Noun: condition or activity valor, honor, humor, minor
ortho straight, correct orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic, unorthodox
-ory Noun: place for, serves for territory, rectory
-ous, -eous, -ose,
-ious
Adjective: having the quality
of, relating toadventurous, courageous, verbose, fractious
over excessive, above overwork, overall, overwork
pac peace pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean
pair, pare arrange, assemblage, two repair, impair, compare, prepare
paleo oldPaleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism,paleopsychology
pan allPan-American, pan-African, panacea,pandemonium (place of all the demons),
para besideparadox, paraprofessional, paramedic, paraphrase,parachute
pat, pass, path feel, suffer patient, passion, sympathy, pathology
pater, patr father paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron, patronize
path, pathy feeling, suffering pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy, telepathy
ped, pod footpedal, impede, pedestrian, centipede, tripod,podiatry, antipode, podium
pedo child orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics
pel, puls drive, push, urgecompel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse, impulse,pulsate, compulsory, expulsion, repulsive
pend, pens, pond hang, weighpendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage,pensive, append
per through, intensive persecute, permit, perspire, perforate, persuade
peri around periscope, perimeter, perigee, periodontal
phage eat macrophage, bacteriophage
phan, phas, phen,fan, phant, fant
show, make visible phantom, fantasy
phe speak blaspheme, cipher, phenomenon, philosopher
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phil love philosopher, philanthropy, philharmonic, bibliophile
phlegma inflammation phlegm, phlegmatic
phobia, phobos fearphobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia, aquaphobia,ergophobia, homophobia
phon sound telephone, phonics, phonograph, phonetic,homophone, microphone, symphony, euphonious
phot, photo lightphotograph, photoelectric, photogenic,photosynthesis, photon
pico trillionth picofarad, picocurie, picovolt
pict paint, show, draw picture, depict
plac, plais please placid, placebo, placate, complacent
pli, ply fold reply, implicate, ply
plore cry out, wail implore, exploration, deploring
plu, plur, plus more plural, pluralist, plus
pneuma,pneumon
breath pneumatic, pneumonia,
pod foot, feet podiatry, tripod
poli citymetropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis,megalopolis, acropolis
poly many polytheist, polygon, polygamy, polymorphous
pon, pos, pound place, putpostpone, component, opponent, proponent,expose, impose, deposit, posture, position,expound, impound
pop people population, populous, popular
port carry porter, portable, transport, report, export, import,support, transportation
portion part, share portion, proportion
post after, behind postpone, postdate
pot power potential, potentate, impotent
pre, pur before precede
prehendere seize, graspapprehend, comprehend, comprehensive,prehensile
prin, prim, prime firstprimacy, prima donna, primitive, primary, primal,primeval, prince, principal
pro for, foward propel
proto firstprototype, protocol, protagonist, protozoan,Proterozoic, protoindustrial
psych mind, soul psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis
punct point, dotpunctual, punctuation, puncture, acupuncture,punctuation
pute think dispute, computer
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quat, quad four quadrangle, quadruplets
quint, penta fivequintet, quintuplets, pentagon, pentane,pentameter
quip ship equip, equipment
quir, quis, quest,quer seek, ask query, inquire, exquisite, quest
re back, again report, realign, retract, revise, regain
reg, recti straighten regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct, rectangle
retro backwards retrorocket, retrospect, retrogression, retroactive
ri, ridi, risi laughter deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible
rog, roga ask prerogative, interrogation, derogatory
rupt break rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible
sacr, sanc, secr sacredsacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate,desecrate
salv, salu safe, healthy salvation, salvage, salutation
sanct holysanctify, sanctuary, sanction, sanctimonious,sacrosanct
sat, satis enough satient, saturate, satisfy
sci, scio, scientia know science, conscious, omniscient, cognocienti
scope see, watchtelescope, microscope, kaleidoscope, periscope,stethoscope
scrib, script writescribe, scribble, inscribe, describe, subscribe,prescribe, manuscript
se apart, move away from secede
sect, sec cut intersect, transect, dissect, secant, section
sed, sess, sid sitsediment, session, obsession, possess, preside,president, reside, subside
semi half, partialsemifinal, semiconscious, semiannual,semimonthly, semicircle
sen, scen old, grow old senior, senator, senile, senescence, evanescent
sent, sens feel, thinksentiment, consent, resent, dissent, sentimental,sense, sensation, sensitive, sensory, dissension
sept seven septet, septennial
sequ, secu, sue followsequence, consequence, sequel, subsequent,
prosecute, consecutive, second, ensue, pursue
serv save, serve, keepservant, service, subservient, servitude, preserve,conserve, reservation, deserve, conservation,observe
-ship Noun: status, condition relationship, friendship
sign, signi sign, mark, seal signal, signature, design, insignia, significant
simil, simul like, resembling similar, assimilate, simulate, simulacrum,
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simultaneous
sist, sta, stit stand, withstand, make upassist, insist, persist, circumstance, stamina,status, state, static, stable, stationary, substitute
soci to join, companions sociable, society
sol, solus alone solo, soliloquy, solitaire, solitude, solitary, isolate
solv, solu, solut loosen, explainsolvent, solve, absolve, resolve, soluble, solution,resolution, resolute, dissolute, absolution
somn sleep insomnia, somnambulist
soph wise sophomore (wise fool), philosophy, sophisticated
spec, spect, spi,spic
look, seespecimen, specific, spectator, spectacle, aspect,speculate, inspect, respect, prospect,retrospective, introspective, expect, conspicuous
sper render favorable prosper
sphere ball, sphere sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid
spir breath spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire, perspire,respiration
stand, stant, stab,stat, stan, sti, sta,st, stead
stand stature, establish, stance
-ster person mobster, monster
strain, strict,string, stige
bind, pull, draw tightstringent, strict, restrict, constrict, restrain, boaconstrictor
stru, struct, stroy,stry
buildconstrue, structure, construct, instruct, obstruct,destruction, destroy, industry, ministry
sub, suc, suf,
sup, sur, sus
under, below, from, secretly,
instead of
sustain, survive, support, suffice, succeed,submerge, submarine, substandard, subnormal,
subvert
sume, sump take, use, waste consume, assume, sump, presumption
super, supra over, abovesuperior, suprarenal, superscript, supernatural,superimpose, supercede
syn, sym together, at the same time sympathy, synthesis, synchronous, syndicate
tact, tang, tag, tig,ting
touchtactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible,contagious, contiguous, contingent
tain, ten, tent, tin hold, keep, have retain, continue, content, tenacious
tect, teg cover detect, protect, tegular, tegument
tele distance, far, from afar
telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope,
television, telephoto, telecast, telepathy, telepathy
tem, tempo timetempo, temporary, extemporaneously,contemporary, pro tem, temporal
ten, tin, tain holdtenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable, detention,retentive, content, pertinent, continent, obstinate,contain, abstain, pertain, detain
tend, tent, tens stretch, straintendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend,superintend, tender, extent, tension, pretense
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tera trillion terabyte, teraflop
term end, boundary, limit exterminate, terminal
terr, terra earth terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial
test to bear witness testament, detest, testimony, attest, testify
the, theo God, a god monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology
therm heatthermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos bottle,thermostat, hypothermia
thesis, thet place, put antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet
tire draw, pull attire, retire, entire
tom cutatom (not cutable), appendectomy, tonsillectomy,dichotomy, anatomy
tor, tors, tort twisttorture, retort, extort, distort, contort, torsion,tortuous, torturous
tox poison toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra, trai,treat
drag, draw, pull attract, tractor, traction, extract, retract, protract,detract, subtract, contract, intractable
trans across, beyond, changetransform, transoceanic, transmit, transportation,transducer
tri three tripod, triangle, trinity, trilateral
trib pay, bestow tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution, tributary
tribute give contribute, distribute, tributary
turbo disturb turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil
typ printtype, prototype, typical, typography, typewriter,typology, typify
ultima last ultimate, ultimatum
umber,umbraticum
shadow umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage, adumbrate
un not, against, opposite unceasing, unequal
uni oneuniform, unilateral, universal, unity, unanimous,unite, unison, unicorn
-ureNoun: act, condition,process, function
exposure, conjecture, measure
vac emptyvacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation, vacant,vacuous
vade go evade, invadervale, vali, valu strength, worth equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate, value, valor
veh, vect to carry vector, vehicle, convection, vehement
ven, vent comeconvene, intervene, venue, convenient, avenue,circumvent, invent, convent, venture, event,advent, prevent
ver, veri true very, aver, verdict, verity, verify, verisimilitude
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verb, verv word verify, veracity, verbalize, verve
vert, vers turn, changeconvert, revert, advertise, versatile, vertigo, invert,reversion, extravert, introvert, diversion, introvert,convertible, reverse, controversy
vi way viable, vibrate, vibrant
vic, vicis change, substitute vicarious, vicar, vicissitude
vict, vinc conquer victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible
vid, vis seevideo, evident, provide, providence, visible, revise,supervise, vista, visit, vision, review, indivisible
viv, vita, vivi alive, liferevive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality, vivisection,vital, vitamins, revitalize
voc, voke callvocation, avocation, convocation, invocation,evoke, provoke, revoke, advocate, provocative,vocal
vol will malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition
volcan fire volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan
volv, volt, vol turn about, rollrevolve, voluble, voluminous, convolution, revolt,evolution
vor eat greedilyvoracious, carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous,devour
-wardAdverb: in a direction ormanner
homeward
-wiseAdverb: in the manner of,with regard to
timewise, clockwise, bitwise
with against withhold, without, withdraw, forthwith
-y
Noun: state, condition, result
of an activity society, victory
-y Adjective: marked by, having hungry, angry, smeary, teary
zo animalzoo (zoological garden), zoology, zodiac,protozoan
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ETYMOLOGY TEST
Question 1:Volcan : ?A. ExplosionB. EarthC. ChangeD. FireE. Territory
Question 2:Trans : ?A. AcrossB. ViewC. Similar
D. WaterE. BAit
Question 3:Trib : ?A. AnimalB. StreetC. HouseD. SolveE. Give
Question 4:
Tox : ?A. VehicleB. TimeC. PoisonD. CleverE. Earth
Question 5:Syn : ?A. AnswerB. StruggleC. Serious
D. SevereE. Same
Question 6:The, Theo : ?A. ParadiseB. RoadC. GodD. Church
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E. Hell
Question 7:Sept : ?A. 4B. 8C. 5D. 2E. 7
Question 8:Sol : ?A. SlimB. SharpC. SwiftD. AmazingE. Alone
Question 9:
Spir : ?A. UnhappyB. AnnoyedC. NotoriousD. BreathE. Powerful
Question 10:Proto : ?A. FirstB. ActC. Surpass
D. ApplyE. Supply
Question 11:Pod : ?A. EarthquakeB. FloodsC. ProductivityD. FootE. Famine
Question 12:Phil : ?
A. ElegyB. EpicC. RoadsD. PortraitE. Love
Question 13:Onym : ?A. Army
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B. HorseC. SpearD. NameE. Helmet
Question 14:Every : ?A. omni-B. octa-C. poly-D. carn-E. anglo-
Question 15:Mort : ?A. deathB. philosophyC. ethicsD. semantics
E. grammar
Question 16:Manu : ?A. attentiveB. automaticC. plutoD. timeE. hand
Question 17:-ist : ?
A. stoveB. personC. pricipalD. burnerE. boss
Question 18:Infra : ?A. SleepB. supriseC. supportD. beneathE. synonym
Question 19:helio : ?A. galaxyB. labyrinthC. planetD. sunE. moon
Question 20:
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demo : ?A. societyB. poepleC. countryD. villageE. surroundings
Question 21:Circum : ?A. PlasmaB. VaporsC. solidD. aroundE. pool
Question 22:bibl : ?A. libraryB. pen
C. laboratoryD. headE. book
Question 23:Bar : ?A. PatientB. WalkC. fatigueD. PressureE. Sleep
Question 24:
Anthrop : ?A. manB. arenaC. warfareD. battleE. sword
Question 25:Arch : ?A. pistolB. alarmC. castleD. rule
E. arrow
Question 26:Carbo : ?A. heatB. coalC. nightD. skyE. Steam
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Question 27:Deci : ?A. thirdB. sixthC. seventhD. tenthE. foirth
Question 28:Cav : ?A. StarsB. DogsC. ChickensD. hollowE. Fish
Question 29:dic : ?
A. CommandB. CrueltyC. SpeakD. StrengthE. Nadir
Question 30:dome : ?A. villageB. countryC. cityD. streetE. house
Question 31:Gyn : ?A. FatherB. SonC. ManD. WomenE. Short
Question 32:Demi : ?A. AcrossB. View
C. SimilarD. WaterE. Half
Question 33:Haemo, Hemo : ?A. AnimalB. BloodC. HouseD. Gas
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E. Plasma
Question 34:Hypno : ?A. VehicleB. TimeC. PoisonD. CleverE. Sleep
Question 35:Lact : ?A. AnswerB. StruggleC. Serious
D. MilkE. Same
Question 36:Leg : ?A. SimpleB. RoadC. GodD. LawE. Thought
Question 37:Lumin : ?A. stopB. light
C. darkD. thunderousE. sky
Question 38:Mar : ?A. SlimB. SeaC. SwiftD. AmazingE. Alone
Question 39:Meta : ?A. UnhappyB. AnnoyedC. NotoriousD. BreathE. Aboves
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Question 40:Myth : ?A. SuddenB. SurpriseC. SurpassD. ApplyE. Story
Question 41:Nema : ?A. SteamB. CrowdC. HairD. FoodE. Famine
Question 42:Nov : ?A. EpicB. Critical
C. RailwayD. NewE. Hatred
Question 43:Oct : ?A. 7B. 4C. 6D. 8E. 9
Question 44:Opt : ?A. eyeB. skinC. headD. shoulderE. feet
Question 45:Ora : ?A. spaceB. sea
C. mouthD. semanticsE. vision
Question 46:Phob : ?A. fareB. automaticC. fair
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D. fearE. hand
Question 47:Pluto : ?A. stoveB. lawC. ruleD. wealthE. boss
Question 48:Sanc : ?A. stimulateB. supriseC. distantD. holyE. synonym
Question 49:
Selen : ?A. galaxyB. labyrinthC. planetD. sunE. moon
Question 50:Somn : ?A. researchB. studyC. countryD. tired
E. sleep
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ANSWERS :
fire
across
givepoison
same
God
7
alone
breath
first
foot
love
name
omni
death
hand
person
beneath
sun
people
around
book
pressure
man
rule
coaltenth
hollow
speak
house
women
half
blood
sleep
milk
law
light
sea
above
story
hair
new
8
eye
mouth
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fear
wealth
holy
moon
sleep
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Grammar usage:
The Grammar portion also comprises the basics of grammar that are not difficult whatsoever.
Nobody can claim to have a complete command over grammar whatsoever. Tere are two
methods of handling this portion of the test.
i. Learn all the English Grammar right from the basic till the endii. Read a good book and listen to the commentaries during matches or even English news. It
will enable you get used to listenibg to Correct English. This very induction of listening to
correct English will enable you find out the grammatical mistakes.
I still remember that even prior to my admission in an English Language Academy, I knew how
to speak correct English. I was able to do so because I was used to listening toCorrecr English
while watching matches on TV or even Cartoons. We have never learnt the Noun, Promoun, Very,
Adjective, etc of our mother tongue, still we are able to trace whenever anyone errs somewhere while
speaking our language. Similarly, if you are used to reading and listening to correct English, you will
surely be able to spot the error you come across.
e.g. Larka apna kaam kar rahi hai.
Now, youll quickly notice the mistake because neither your eyes nor ears are used to such errors.
Similarly, if you are accustomed to listening and reading Correct English, youll quickly be able to spot
the error. Even if you are still not satisfied with it, you may well read the book English Grammar In Use
by Raymond Murphy for better understanding. It is a very good booj that contains loads of exercises.
And nothing can be better for you than PRACTICE.
Here is a test for you to check your Grammar.
CORRECTION EXERCISE
Which of phrases given below each sentence should replace the
phrase printed in bold type to make the grammatically correct?
If the sentence is correct as it is, mark 'E' as the answer.
1. The small child does whatever his father was done.
A. has done B. Did
C. Does D. had done
E.No correction
required
2. You need not come unless you want to.
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A. You don't need to come unless you want to
B. You come only when you want to
C. You come unless you don't want to
D. You needn't come until you don't want to
E. No correction required
3. There are not many men who are so famous that they
are frequently referred to by their short names only
A. Initials B. Signatures
C. Pictures D. middle names
E.No correction
required
4. The man to who I sold my house was a cheat.
A. to whom I sell B. to who I sell
C. who was sold to D. to whom I sold
E.No correction
required
5. They were all shocked at his failure in the competition.
A.were shocked at
allB. had all shocked at
C. had all shocked by D.had been all
shocked on
E.No correction
required
6. I need not offer any explanation regarding this incident -
my behaviour is speaking itself.
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A. will speak to itself B. speaks for itself
C. has been speaking D.speaks about
itself
E.No correction
required
7. He is too important for tolerating any delay.
A. to tolerate B. to tolerating
C. at tolerating D. with tolerating
E.
No correction
required
8. The population of Tokyo is greater
than that of any other town in the
world.
A. greatest among any other
B. greater than all other
C.greater than those of any
other
D. greater than any other
E. No correction required
9. The performance of our players was rather worst than I had expected.
A. bad as I had expected B. worse than I had expected
C. worse than expectation D. worst than was expected
E. No correction required
10. Why did you not threw the bag away?
A. did you not throw B. had you not threw
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C. did you not thrown D. you did not thrown
E. No correction required
11. Shapes of gods and goddess are worshipped by people.
A. Images B. Reflections
C. Clay shapes D. Clay toys
E. No correction required
12. In addition to enhanced their reputations through strategic use of philanthropy, companies are
sponsoring social initiatives to open new markets.
A. of enhancing their reputation
B. to having enhance their reputation
C. to enhancing their reputation
D. to have their reputation enhancing
E. No correction required
13. The intruder stood quietly for few moments
A. for few time B. for the few moments
C. for moments D. for a few moments
E. No correction required
14. The police has so far succeeded in recovering only a part of the stolen property.
A. thus far succeeded for recovery
B. so far succeeded in recovery of
C. as for as succeeded in recovery of
D. so far succeeded to recover
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E. No correction required
15. He confidentially asked the crowd if they thought he was right and the crowd shouted that they
did.
A. that he did B. that they had
C. that he is D. that he didn't
E. No correction required
16. Why should the candidates be afraid of English Language is not clear.
A. the candidates should be B. do the candidates be
C. should be the candidates D. are the candidates
E. No correction required
17. He found the gold coin as he cleans the floor.
A. as he had cleaned B. while he cleans
C. which he is cleaning D. while cleaning
E. No correction required
18. He admired the speed with which he completed the work and appreciating the method
adopted by him
A. appreciate the method being adopted
B. appreciated the method adopted
C. appreciate the method of adoption
D. appreciated the method adopting method
E. No correction required
19. Maria unnecessarily picked up a quarrel with Rani and left the party hurried.
A. has picked up B. picked on
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C. picked D. picking up
E. No correction required
20. She cooks, washes dishes, does her homework and then relaxing.
A. relaxing then B. then is relaxing
C. relaxing is then D. then relaxes
E. No correction required
21. Acquisition of certain specific skills can be facilitated from general awareness, education to
novel situations
A. can be facilitated by B. may facilitate through
C. can be felicitated with D. may be felicitated with
E. No correction required
22. He never has and ever will take such strong measures.
A. had taken nor will ever take B. had taken and will ever take
C. has and never will take D. had and ever will take
E. No correction required
23. Technology must use to feed the forces of change.
A. must be used to feed B. must have been using to feed
C. must use having fed D. must be using to feed
E. No correction required
24. Anyone interested in the use of computers can learn much ifyou have access to a personal
computer.
A. they have access B. access can be available
C. he or she has access D. one of them have access
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E. No correction required
25. They are not beware ofall the facts
A. are not aware for B. are not aware of
C. are not to be aware D. must not to be aware for
E. No correction required
26. We can not always convey ourselves in simple sentences.
A. cannot always convey B. can not always express
C. cannot always express D. can not always communicate
E. No correction required
27. What does agonise me most is not this criticism, but the trivial reason behind it.
A. most agonising me B. agonises me most
C. agonising me most D. I most agonised
E. No correction required
28. As there was no time, the remaining items were deferred into the next meeting.
A. are deferred till B. were deferred till
C. were deferred to D. had deferred with
E. No correction required
29. Despite of their differences on matters of principles, they all agree on the demand of hike is
salary?
A. Despite their B. Despite of the
C. Despite for their D. Despite off their
E. No correction required
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30. The man who has committed such a serious crime must get the mostly severepunishment.
A. be getting the mostly severely
B. get the most severe
C. have got the most severely
D. have been getting the severe most
E. No correction required
31. For many centuries in Indian History there was no city so famous like the city of Ujjain.
A. as B. such as
C. likewise D. so like
E. No correction required
32. We don't know how did the thief made an escape.
A. how the thief did make B. how the thief does make
C. how the thief made D. how was the thief made
E. No correction required
33. He is a singer of repute, but his yesterday's performance was quite disappointing.
A. performances of yesterday were
B. yesterday performance was
C. yesterday performance were
D. performances about yesterday were
E. No correction required
34. Their earnings are such that they find it difficult to make both ends to meet.
A. to makings both ends meet
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B. to make both ends for meeting
C. to make both ends meet
D. for making both ends to meet
E. No correction required
35. He has received no other message than an urgent telegram asking him to rush his
village immediately.
A. asked him to rush his village
B. asking him to have rush his village
C. asking him to rush to his village
D. asking him rushing at his village
E.
No correction required
36. One of the most significant phenomenons of our time has been the development of cinema.
A. phenomenon B. phenomena
C. phenomenonna D. phenomenonns
E. No correction required
37. Had you been told me about your problem, I would have helped you.
A. If you would have told B. Had you have told
C. had you told D. If you have told
E. No correction required
38. It was until many years later that Gandhi became a rebel against authority.
A. It was not until many years B. It was till many years
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C. It was not many years D. Until It was many years
E. No correction required
39. Anand has the guts to rise from the occasion and come out successfully.
A. in rising from B. to raise with
C. to rise to D. to rise against
E. No correction required
40. If you are thinking about investigation overseas, isn't it makes sense to find an experience
guide?
A. it is not making B. doesn't it make
C. does it make D. is it making
E. No correction required
41. This is one of the most important inventions of this century.
A. invention of this century B. invention of these century
C. invention of centuries D. invention of the centuries
E. No correction required
42. The orator had been left the auditorium before the audience stood up.
A. had been leaving B. was left
C. had left D. would leave
E. No correction required
43. He dislikes the word dislike, isn't he
A. didn't he B. doesn't he
C. hasn't he D. does he
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E. No correction required
44. We must take it granted that Madhu will not come for today's function.
A. take it for granted B. taking it granted
C. took it as granted D. have it granted
E. No correction required
45. The research study is an eye-opener and attempts to acquaint us with the problems of poor
nations.
A. attempted to acquaint B. attempts at acquainting
C. attempt to acquaint D. attempting to acquaint
E. No correction required
46. It was unanimously resolved that the parties should unitedly undertook launching of popular
programmes.
A. should be united undertook B. should be unitedly undertaken
C. should be unitedly undertake D. should unitedly undertake
E. No correction required
47. They continued to work in the field despite of the heavy rains.
A. even though there is heavy rain
B. although heavily rains
C. in spite the heavy rains
D. even though it rained heavily
E. No correction required
48. It is always better to make people realise the importance of discipline than to impose them on
it.
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A. impose it with them B. impose them with it
C. imposing them on it D. impose it on them
E. No correction required
49. My doctor knew that I would eventually recover and do kind of work I would be doing before
A. would have been doing B. would have done
C. had been done D. had been doing
E. No correction required
50. Later he became unpopular because he tried to lord it on his followers.
A. to lord it for B. to lord over
C. to lord it over D. to lord it over on
E. No correction required
51. The crops are dying; it must not had rained.
A. must had not B. must not be
C. must not have D. must not have been
E. No correction required
52. The courts are actively to safeguard the interests and the rights of the poor.
A. are actively to safeguarding
B. have been actively safeguarding
C. have to active in safeguarding
D. are actively in safeguarding
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E. No correction required
53. The drama had many scenes which were so humorous that it was hardly possible to keep a
straight face.
A. hardly possible for keeping
B. hardly impossible for keeping
C. hardly impossible for keep
D. hardly possible keeping
E. No correction required
54. Hardly does the sun rise when the stars disappeared.
A. have the sun rose B. had the sun risen
C. did the sun rose D. the sun rose
E. No correction required
55. You will be late if you do not leave now
A. did not leave B. left
C. will not leave D. do not happen to leave
E. No correction required
56. The train will leave at 8.30 pm, we have been ready by 7.30pm so that, we can reach the station
in time.
A. were B. must be
C. are D. should have
E. No correction required
57. All the allegations levelled against him were found to be baseless.
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A. level against B. level with
C. levelling with D. levelled for
E. No correction required
58. Ramesh is as tall if not, taller than Mahesh.
A. not as tall but B. not so tall but as
C. as tall as, if not D. as if not
E. No correction required
59. He hesitated to listen to what his brother was saying.
A. listened to hesitate B. hesitated listen to
C. hesitates to listening D. is hesitated to listen to
E. No correction required
60. The prosecution failed in establish in every case today.
A. to B. on
C. as D. upon
E. No correction required
61. One of my drawbacks is that I do not have to tolerance of ambiguity.
A. do not have B. cannot have
C. am not D. did not have to
E. No correction required
62. They should have calmly thought ofthe advantages that would accrue to them.
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A. should be heavy fined B. should have heavily fined
C. shall have heavy fine D. should be heavily fined
E. No correction required
68. We met him immediately after the session in which he had been given a nice speech.
A. would be giving B. has been given
C. will have given D. had given
E. No correction required
69. For some days the new professor lectured above the heads ofhis pupils.
A. over the head of B. over the heads of
C. on the heads of D. through the heds of
E. No correction required
70. The accused now flatly denies have admitted his guilt in his first statement.
A. having admitted B. had admitted
C. have been admitting D. has admitting
E. No correction required
71. We were still standing in the queue when the film was beginning.
A. film began B. film had begun
C. beginning of the film was over D. film begins
E. No correction required
72. If I would have realised the nature of job earlier, I would not have accepted it.
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A. If I have had B. In case I would have
C. Had I been D. Had I
E. No correction required
73. The crime has growth rapidly in Russia since the disintegration of the communist system.
A. rapid crime has grown B. crime has grown rapidly
C. crimes grow rapidly D. crimes have been rapidly grown
E. No correction required
74. They failed in their attempt to repair the demolished portion of that building.
A. for their attempt to repair B. in their attempting to repair
C. with their attempt to repair D. in their attempt for repairs
E. No correction required
75. I earnestly believe that you will visit our relatives during your forthcoming trip to Mumbai.
A. had hardly believe that B. sincerely would believe
C. certainly believing that D. could not believe
E. No correction required
76. By such time you finish that chapter, I will write a letter.
A. The time when B. By the time
C. By that time D. The time
E. No correction required
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81. Because of his ill health, the doctor has advised him not to refrain from smoking.
A. to not refrain from B. to resort to
C. to refrain from D. to be refrained from
E. No correction required
82. They have a scheme of rewarding the best of the performers every year.
A. a best performer B. the best among the performer
C. a best among performer D. the best of the performer
E. No correction required
83. What happens to all those travellers on the ship was not known?
A. What happened of B. What happened in
C. What is that happens to D. What happened to
E. No correction required
84. Making friends is more rewarding than to make enemies.
A. to be unsociable B. to be sociable
C. being unsociable D. making enemies
E. No correction required
85. The moment they saw me, they were delight
A. had delighted B. were delighted
C. are delighted D. have been delighted
E. No correction required
86. He should not had done it.
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A. had not B. should had not
C. should not have D. should have
E. No correction required
87. No sooner do the bells ring than the curtain rose.
A. did the bell ring B. did the bells ring
C. had the bell rang D. had the bell rung
E. No correction required
88. The moment the manager came to know fraudulent action of his assistant, he orderimmediately dismissed him.
A. immediately ordered his dismissed
B. ordered his immediate dismissal
C. immediately order dismissal of his
D. ordered for immediately dismissal of him
E. No correction required
89. The meeting was attended to by all invitees.
A. all attended to by B. attended by all
C. fully attended to by D. like attending to all
E. No correction required
90. If he has to spend five hours in the queue, it was really a wastage.
A. is a really wastage B. is real a wastage
C. has really a wastage D. is really a wastage
E. No correction required
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91. The world has seen small real attempt at population and resource planning.
A. few B. little
C. less D. a few
E. No correction required
92. My hair stood off ends when I saw the horrible sight.
A. stood at ends B. stood on ends
C. stood to ends D. stands on ends
E. No correction required
93. The long or short of it is that I do not want to deal with that new firm.
A. The long and short of it B. The long and short for it
C. The long or short for it D. The shot and long for it
E.
No correction required
94. Can you tell me why did you not speak the truth?
A. why did not you speak B. that why did you not speak
C. why you did not speak D. why did you not spoke
E. No correction required
95. The people generally try to curry favour with the corrupt but influential person.
A. cook favour B. seek favour
C. extract favour D. display favour
E. No correction required
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96. I have got some tea, but I do not have a sugar.
A. some B. got
C. more D. any
E. No correction required
97. Had I realised how close I was to the edge of the valley, I would not have carried the bags
there.
A. Had I been realised B. If I would have realised
C. When I realised D. Had I had realised
E. No correction required
98. Most of the Indian workers are as healthy as, if not healthier than, British workers.
A. as if healthy as not healthier B. healthier but not as healthy
C. as healthy, if not healthier D. so healthy, if not healthier
E. No correction required
ANSWERS:
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. D
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47.D
48.D
49.D
50.C
51.C
52.B
53.E
54.B
55.E
56.B
57.E
58.C
59.E
60.A
61.A
62.E
63.A
64.D
65.A
66.B
67.D
68.D
69.B
70.A
71.B
72.A
73.B
74.E
75.E
76.B
77.E
78.C
79.C
80.B
81.C
82.E
83.D
84.D
85.B
86.C
87.B
88.B
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89.B
90.D
91.B
92.B
93.A
94.C
95.E
96.D
97.E
98.E
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Comprehension:
The Comprehension portion simply comprises the paragraph given. It has five questions and
each question contains 5 options. You just have to select the right option. There are certain
technical methods for attempting this question too.
The best techinque for attempting this section would be the Sandwich Method. It means thatyou sandwich the questions between the paragraph.
i. Read The Questions
ii. Read The Paragraph
iii. Read The Questions
Moreoer, try and underline the words that indicate the Interrogative Sense of the questions.
i.e. 5 Ws and 1 H : Why, Where, When, What, Whi, How.
NOTE:
A list of One-word substitution will immensely help you in all the 3 portions of English. Here, I amsharing that list.
ONE-WORD SUBSTITUTION
A person who believes in fate Fatalist
A person who is above hundred years Centenarian
A book published after the death of its author Posthumas
A book written by an unknown author Anonymous
A cinema show which is held in the afternoon Matinee
A citizen of the world CosmopoliteA contagious disease which spreads over a huge area Epidemic
A drug or other substance that induces sleep Soporific
A flesh eating animal Carnivorous
A game in which neither party wins Draw
A game in which no one wins Draw
A game or batter in which neither party wins Drawn/ Tie
A Government by a king or queen Monarchy
A Government by one Autocracy
A Government by the few OligarchyA Government by the Nobles Aristocracy
A Government by the officials Bureaucracy
A Government by the people Democracy
A Government by the rich Plutocracy
A grass eating animal Herbivorous
A great lover of books Bibliophile
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A handwriting that cannot be read Illegible
A land animal that breeds in water Amphibian
A letter, poem etc. whose author is unknown Anonymous
A life history written by oneself Autobiography
A life history written by somebody else BiographyA list of books Catalogue
A list of names, books etc. Catalogue
A loss of damage that cannot be compensated Irreparable
A man devoid of kind feeling and sympathy Callous
A man who has too much enthusiasm for his own religion Fanatic
A man who is easily irritated Irritable
A medicine that kills germs Germicide
A medicine that prevents decomposing Antiseptic
A medicine to counteract the effect of another medicine AntidoteA member of the middle class Bourgeois
A method that cannot be imitated Inimitable
A pardonable offense Venial
A person appointed by parties to settle the disputes between them Arbitrator
A person difficult to please Fastidious
A person liable to be called to account for his action Answerable
A person supported by another and giving him/her nothing in return Parasite
A person who always thinks of himself; somebody who is selfish or self-centered
Egotist
A person who attacks first Aggressor
A person who believes easily whatever he is told Credulous
A person who believes that all events are pre-determined Fatalist
A person who cannot read or write Illiterate
A person who does not believe in the institution of marriage Misogamist
A person who has power over all Omnipotent
A person who hates women Misogynist
A person who imports or exports goods into or from a country secretlybecause they are illegal
Smuggler
A person who knows everything Omniscient
A person who loves every body Altruist
A person who readily believes whatever is told to him/her. Credulous
A person who remains unmoved and unaffected by other people'sopinions, suggestions
Impervious
A person who rides on horse-back Equestrian
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A person who speaks two languages Bilingual
A person with an evil reputation Notorious
A person's peculiar habit Idiosyncrasy
A place where orphans live Orphanage
A place where weapons and ammunitions are stored ArsenalA position for which no salary is paid Honorary
A post held without receiving salary Honorary
A post which doesn Honorary
A remedy which never fails Infallible
A sentence whose meaning is unclear Ambiguous
A short message added on to the end of a letter after the signature Postscript
A shortened form of a word or phrase Abbreviation
A sound that cannot be heard Inaudible
A speech delivered without any previous preparation ExtemporeA speech or a presentation made without previous preparation Extempore
A state of perfect balance Equilibrium
A statement which cannot be understood Incomprehensibl
A study of ancient things Archaeology
A study of animals Zoology
A study of birds Ornithology
A study of derivation of words Etymology
A study of man Anthropology
A study of races Ethnology
A study of the body Physiology
A supposed cure for all diseases or problems Panacea
A thing no longer in use Obsolete
A thing that cannot be seen with human eyes Invisible
A thing that is fit to be eaten Edible
A word opposite in meaning to another Antonym
Absence of government Anarchy
All-powerful; possessing complete power and authority Omnipotent
An absolute government by one man Autocracy
An animal or a human being that eats any kind of food Omnivorous
An animal who preys on other animals Predator
An assembly of hearers at a lecture or concert Audience
An exact copy Facsimile
An office with high salary but no work Sinecure
Anything that leads to death Fatal
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Assembly or parliament in which no party has got clear majority Hung
Sentences Start with Alphabet - B
Belonging or pertaining to an individual from birth Congenital
Belonging to the Middle Ages Medieval
Belonging to the same period of time Contemporary
Sentences Start with Alphabet - C
Celebration of a hundredth year, once Centenary
Cut off the head Behead
Sentences Start with Alphabet - D
Destroy or get rid of something completely Eradicate
Do away with wholly Abolish
Sentences Start with Alphabet - F
Free somebody from blame or guilt ExonerateSentences Start with Alphabet - G
General pardon Amnesty
General pardon for political offenders Amnesty
Government by officials Bureaucracy
Government by the nobles Aristocracy
Government by the officials Bureaucracy
Government by the people Democracy
Sentences Start with Alphabet - H
Handwritten book Manuscript
Hard but liable to be easily broken Brittle
Hater of mankind Misanthropist
Having opposing feelings Ambivalent
Sentences Start with Alphabet - I
Impossible to change Incorrigible
Incapable of being dissolved in a liquid Insoluble
Incapable of being seized by attack Impregnable
Inscription on a tombstone Epitaph
Sentences Start with Alphabet - K
Killer of one Matricide
Sentences Start with Alphabet - L
Liable to be called to account Accountable
Life story of a man written by himself Autobiography
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Life story of a man written by other Biography
Looking into one Introspection
Lover of mankind Philanthropist
Sentences Start with Alphabet - M
Medical examination of a dead body PostmortemMen living in the same age Contemporary
Misappropriation of money Embezzlement
Murder of a father Patricide
Murder of a human being Homicide
Murder of a mother Matricide
Murder of an brother Fratricide
Murder of an infant Infanticide
Murder of self Suicide
Murder of the king RegicideSentences Start with Alphabet - N
Not applicable Irrelevant
Sentences Start with Alphabet - O
Of a man showing feminine attributes Effeminate
Of a man or animal that feeds on its own species Cannibal
Of a person extremely desirous of money Avaricious
of a person who can use both hands equally well Ambidextrous
Of a person who cannot be pleased easily Fastidious
Of a person who easily believes whatever is told to him Credulous
Of animals feeding on flesh Carnivorous
Of animals feeding on grass and plants Herbivorous
Of animals living in flocks Gregarious
Of manners more like those of a woman than a man Effeminate
One incapable of being tired Indefatigable
One who always thinks himself to be ill Valetudinarian
One who believes in fate Fatalist
One who believes in God Theist
One who calculates premium Actuary
One who can do anything for money Mercenary
One who can make himself at home in all countries Cosmopolitan
One who can speak two languages Bilingual
One who can throw his voice Ventriloquist
One who cannot be corrected Incorrigible
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One who cannot read or write Illiterate
One who changes sides Turncoat
One who copies from other writers Plagiarist
One who damages public property Vandal
One who dies without a Will IntestateOne who does not believe in the existence of God Atheist
One who does not care for art, literature etc Philistine
One who does not make mistakes Infallible
One who does something not professionally but for pleasure Amateur
One who doesn't know how to read and write Illiterate
One who doubts the existence of god Agnostic
One who eats too much Glutton
One who feels sympathetic towards human beings Humanitarian
One who goes on foot PedestrianOne who has narrow and prejudiced religious views Bigot
One who has no money Pauper
One who has strange habits Eccentric
One who hates mankind Misanthrope
One who hates women Misogynist
One who helps others Good Samaritan
One who is a newcomer Neophyte
One who is all powerful Omnipotent
One who is difficult to please Fastidious
One who is easily deceived Gullible
One who is fond of sensuous pleasures Epicure
One who is greedy for money Avaricious
One who is indifferent to pleasure or pain Stoic
One who is new to a trade or profession Novice
One who is not easily pleased Fastidious
One who is out to subvert a government Anarchist
One who is present everywhere Omnipresent
One who is qualifies for election Eligible
One who is quite like a woman Effeminate
One who is recovering from illness Convalescent
One who is unable to pay his debts Insolvent
One who is unmarried Celibate
One who knows everything Omniscient
One who knows many languages Polyglot
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One who lives in a foreign country Immigrant
One who looks on the bright side of things Optimist
One who looks on the dark side of things Pessimist
One who loves books Bibliophile
One who loves mankind PhilanthropistOne who makes an official examination of accounts Auditor
One who pretends to be what he is not Hypocrite
One who pursues some art or sport as hobby Amateur
One who questions everything Cynic
One who speaks less Reticent
One who thinks only for oneself, a person who is selfish, self absorbed andself centered
Egoist
One who thinks only of himself Egoist
One who thinks only of welfare of women Feminist
One who works for free Volunteer
Sentences Start with Alphabet - P
People living at the same time Contemporaries
People of noble families or the highest social class Aristocracy
People who work together Colleagues
Person who rides on horse-back Equestrian
Persons living in the same age Contemporaries
Practice of having one wife or husband Monogamy
Practice of having several husbands PolyandryPractice of having several wives Polygamy
Practice of having two wives or husbands Bigamy
Sentences Start with Alphabet - R
Recovering from illness Convalescent
Remarks which do not ally apply to the subject under discussion Irrelevant
Rule by the mob Mobocracy
Sentences Start with Alphabet - S
Science of coins or medals Numismatics
Science of origin of universe Cosmology
Somebody or something with the same name as somebody or somethingelse
Namesake
Somebody who doesn Vegetarian
somebody who eats human flesh Cannibal
Somebody who is considerably experienced in something Veteran
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Somebody who works or serves only for personal profit Mercenary
Something said or done without preparation Extempore
Something that cannot be corrected Incorrigible
Something that cannot be imitated Inimitable
Something that has been determined beforehand ForegoneSomething that is essential and cannot be dispensed with Indispensable
Something that is quickly and easily set on fire and burned Inflammable
Something that quickly catches fire Inflammable
Spoken or done without preparation Extempore
state of antagonism Hostility
Statements open to more than interpretation Ambiguous
Study of environment Ecology
Systematic study of election trends Psephology
Sentences Start with Alphabet - TThat can be eaten Edible
That cannot be altered or withdrawn Irrevocable
That is prohibited by law Illicit
That through which light can partly pass Translucent
That through which light can pass Transparent
That through which light cannot pass Opaque
That which cannot be avoided Inevitable
That which cannot be believed Incredible
That which cannot be changed IrrevocableThat which cannot be conquered Invincible
That which cannot be cured Incurable
That which cannot be defended Indefensible
That which cannot be described Indescribable
That which cannot be explained Inexplicable
That which cannot be hurt Invulnerable
That which cannot be imitated Inimitable
That which cannot be noticed Imperceptible
That which cannot be practiced ImpracticableThat which cannot be put into practice Impracticable
That which cannot be read Illegible
That which cannot be satisfied Insatiable
That which cannot be seen Invisible
That which does not bear the name of the writer Anonymous
That which is against law Illegal
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That which is considered wrong or unacceptable by prevailing socialstandards
Illicit
That which is lawful Legal
That which is not likely to happen Improbable
That which is unlikely to happen Improbable
The act of killing an infant Infanticide
The action of looking back on past time Introspection
The area over which an official has control Jurisdiction
The branch of biology dealing with plant life Botany
The custom of having more than one husband at a time Polyandry
The custom of having more than one wife at a time Polygamy
The first speech made by a person Maiden
The killing of an infant Infanticide
The life story of a man written by himself Autobiography
The murder or murderer of one Fratricide
The period between childhood and adulthood Adolescence
The science which treats with life Biology
To date before the true time Antedate
To explain something mysterious or difficult Elucidate
To free somebody from all blame Exonerate
To give one Delegate
To go down in value Depreciate
To go from bad to worse Deteriorate
To increase the gravity of an offence or the intensity of a disease Aggravate
To increase the speed; to hasten the progress of Accelerate
To lay special stress on Emphasize
To rise in value Appreciate
To root out an evil, disease Eradicate
To take away some one Disenfranchisem
To take somebody away by force and hold him or her prisoner, usually forransom
Kidnap
To transfer one's authority to another Delegate
To turn friends in enemies Alienate
To write under a different name Pseudonym
Sentences Start with Alphabet - V
Very negative person Pessimist
Violating the sanctity of a church Sacrilege
Sentences Start with Alphabet - W
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Water fit for drinking Potable
Without life Inanimate
Without payment Gratis
Words which have the same meaning Synonyms
Words written on the tomb of a person EpitaphWork for which no salary is paid Honorary
Worship of idols Idolatry