English Final Project

1-Most verbs need to use the auxilary 1-Most verbs need to use the auxilary do/does/did to make questions.do/does/did to make questions.

Ex:*Do you know how to do the hw?Ex:*Do you know how to do the hw? *Does he ride a horse? *Does he ride a horse? *Did he played soccer yesterday?*Did he played soccer yesterday?2-Verbs with be, can and have (got) don´t 2-Verbs with be, can and have (got) don´t

need the auxiliary do/does/did.need the auxiliary do/does/did.Ex:*Is she cooking food?Ex:*Is she cooking food? *Can I have a toy?*Can I have a toy? *Have you got the FCE certification? *Have you got the FCE certification?

QUESTION FORMS…. QUESTION FORMS…. *Direct questions.* *Direct questions.* Yes/no questions.Yes/no questions.

QUESTION FORMS…. QUESTION FORMS…. *Direct questions.* *Direct questions.* Yes/no questions.Yes/no questions.

3-Negative yes/no questions expect a 3-Negative yes/no questions expect a particular answer.particular answer.

Ex: *Didn´t he cook for you yesterday?Ex: *Didn´t he cook for you yesterday?

*Isn´t she playing with barbies?*Isn´t she playing with barbies?

*Haven´t you ride that bike?*Haven´t you ride that bike?

QUESTION FORMS…. QUESTION FORMS…. *Direct questions.* *Direct questions.*

Wh- questions.Wh- questions.

1-Questions words(who, what, where, when, 1-Questions words(who, what, where, when, whose, why, which and how) come at the whose, why, which and how) come at the beginning of the question.beginning of the question.

Ex: *Why did you answer that question?Ex: *Why did you answer that question?

*What we are going to do?*What we are going to do?

*Who is she? *Who is she?



2-If who, what or which is the subject of the 2-If who, what or which is the subject of the sentence, we don´t use auxiliary, we use sentence, we don´t use auxiliary, we use normal sentence word order. normal sentence word order.

Ex:*Who went to the party?Ex:*Who went to the party?

*What tv show you like?*What tv show you like?

*Which contest you won?*Which contest you won?



3-If there is a preposition, it comes at the 3-If there is a preposition, it comes at the end of the question. end of the question.

Ex:*Who did you gave that for?Ex:*Who did you gave that for?

*Who did you borrowed that for?*Who did you borrowed that for?

*What subject you are studing about?*What subject you are studing about?


Alternative questions Alternative questions 1-There are two types of alternative 1-There are two types of alternative

questions; yes/no type and wh-type.questions; yes/no type and wh-type.

Ex:*Do you like to eat sushi or tacos?Ex:*Do you like to eat sushi or tacos?

*What do you want to do, cook or eat?*What do you want to do, cook or eat?

*Do you want to play the guitar or sing? *Do you want to play the guitar or sing?

QUESTION FORMS…. QUESTION FORMS…. *Indirect questions.* *Indirect questions.*

1-Use statements word order. They are used 1-Use statements word order. They are used to be more polite or tentative. We use to be more polite or tentative. We use if/whether for yes/no type indirect if/whether for yes/no type indirect questions. questions.

Ex:*Could you tell me if we are going to the Ex:*Could you tell me if we are going to the movies? movies?

*I´d like to know what you name is?*I´d like to know what you name is?

*Do you know who she is?*Do you know who she is?

QUESTION FORMS….QUESTION FORMS….*Questions tags.**Questions tags.*

1- Are short questions at the end of the statement. 1- Are short questions at the end of the statement. The speaker often expects a particular answer and The speaker often expects a particular answer and is using a question tag to confirm what she/he is using a question tag to confirm what she/he already knows.already knows.

Positive statement + negative question tag.Positive statement + negative question tag.

Ex:*She like to swim, doesn´t she?Ex:*She like to swim, doesn´t she?

*He leaves here, doesn´t he?*He leaves here, doesn´t he?

*You´ve taken that before, haven´t you?*You´ve taken that before, haven´t you?

Negative statement + positive question tag.Negative statement + positive question tag.

Ex:*She isn´t doing the hw, is she? Ex:*She isn´t doing the hw, is she?

*You didn´t play very well, did you?*You didn´t play very well, did you?

*He isn´t trying to do an effort, is he?*He isn´t trying to do an effort, is he?

PrepositionsPrepositions*Place**Place*

1-1-AT:AT: Shows a point in space where something is Shows a point in space where something is happening.happening.

Ex:*Ex:*AtAt school. school. **AtAt the begining. the begining.2-2-IN:IN: Shows that something taking place is inside. Shows that something taking place is inside.Ex:*Ex:*InIn the middle. the middle. **InIn the stadium. the stadium.3-3-ON:ON: Shows that something taking place is on Shows that something taking place is on

something.something.Ex:*Ex:*OnOn the closet. the closet. **OnOn the desk. the desk.

PrepositionsPrepositions*Time**Time*

1-1-AT: AT: Used for clock times, points of time in the day.Used for clock times, points of time in the day.Ex:*Ex:*AtAt 6:00am. 6:00am. **AtAt breakfast. breakfast.2-2-IN: IN: Used for the main parts of the day, months, Used for the main parts of the day, months,

years, seasons, centuries.years, seasons, centuries.Ex:*Ex:*InIn may. may. **InIn 2009. 2009.3-3-ON: ON: Used for specifics dates and days.Used for specifics dates and days.Ex:*Ex:*OnOn thanksgiving. thanksgiving. **OnOn Thursday. Thursday.

PrepositionsPrepositions*Movement**Movement*

1-1-AT: AT: We use at with arrive. We use at to show the We use at with arrive. We use at to show the person or thing the action is aimed.person or thing the action is aimed.

Ex:*We arrived Ex:*We arrived at at home.home. *He wait she *He wait she atat the party. the party.2-2-TO: TO: We generally use to with verbs of movement.We generally use to with verbs of movement.Ex:*I returned Ex:*I returned toto school last week. school last week. *You traveled *You traveled toto europe. europe.3-3-INTO: INTO: We use into with verbs that mean to move We use into with verbs that mean to move

from outside to inside.from outside to inside.Ex:*I walk Ex:*I walk intointo the house. the house. *She get *She get intointo her bed to sleep. her bed to sleep.

PrepositionsPrepositions*Movement**Movement*

4-4-TOWARDS: TOWARDS: It means moving or pointing in a It means moving or pointing in a particular direction.particular direction.

Ex:*He walks Ex:*He walks towardstowards me. me. *I go *I go towardstowards my father. my father.5-5-AT THE END/IN THE END: AT THE END/IN THE END: At the end is a At the end is a

prepositionas phrase which is usually followed by prepositionas phrase which is usually followed by a noun. It refers to the final point. In the end is a a noun. It refers to the final point. In the end is a linking phrase which means finally after a long linking phrase which means finally after a long time.time.

Ex:*Ex:*At the endAt the end of the match, barcelona won. of the match, barcelona won. **In the endIn the end, we try to do better things., we try to do better things.

Present simple.Present simple.1-With routine or regular repeated actions.1-With routine or regular repeated actions.Ex:*I go to the school 5 days a week.Ex:*I go to the school 5 days a week. *My grandfather goes to walk every afternoon.*My grandfather goes to walk every afternoon.2-In time clauses with a future meaning after 2-In time clauses with a future meaning after

when, as soon as, if, until.when, as soon as, if, until.Ex:*I´ll do the hw when I finished to eat.Ex:*I´ll do the hw when I finished to eat. *Talk to him if you see it.*Talk to him if you see it.3-When we are talking about permanent 3-When we are talking about permanent

situations.situations.Ex:*I´m from Mexico.Ex:*I´m from Mexico. *He lives in Las Quintas.*He lives in Las Quintas.

Present simple.Present simple.

4-When we are talking about future as 4-When we are talking about future as expressed in timetables, regulations expressed in timetables, regulations and programmes.and programmes.

Ex:*She leaves here at 7:00pm.Ex:*She leaves here at 7:00pm.

*He goes out at 5:00pm.*He goes out at 5:00pm.

5-With scientifics facts.5-With scientifics facts.

Ex:*Bombs explodes at 100 degrees. Ex:*Bombs explodes at 100 degrees.

*The UV lightings afects our skin.*The UV lightings afects our skin.

Present simple.Present simple.

6-With state verbs which are not normally 6-With state verbs which are not normally used in continous forms: be, have, used in continous forms: be, have, depend, know, think, understand, depend, know, think, understand, disagree, like, want, hear, love, see, smell, disagree, like, want, hear, love, see, smell, taste.taste.

Ex:*This food smells really good.Ex:*This food smells really good. *He loves to play the guitar.*He loves to play the guitar.7-In spoken instructions, sports, 7-In spoken instructions, sports,

commentaries, jokes and formal letters.commentaries, jokes and formal letters.Ex:*Cuco cervantes makes a homerun.Ex:*Cuco cervantes makes a homerun. *Memo ochoa plays incredible.*Memo ochoa plays incredible.

Present continous.Present continous.

1-Actions happening now.1-Actions happening now.Ex:*He´s playing videogames.Ex:*He´s playing videogames. *She´s working for her project.*She´s working for her project.2-Changing/developing situations.2-Changing/developing situations.Ex:*Culiacan city is getting bigger.Ex:*Culiacan city is getting bigger. *My body is changing.*My body is changing.3-Temporary situations.3-Temporary situations.Ex:*He´s going to europe for one week.Ex:*He´s going to europe for one week. *I´m visiting my uncles only for one hour *I´m visiting my uncles only for one hour

per day.per day.

Present continous.Present continous.

4-Plans and arrangements in the future.4-Plans and arrangements in the future.

Ex:*Are you going to the cinema today? Ex:*Are you going to the cinema today?

*I´m going to go to mazatlan next week.*I´m going to go to mazatlan next week.

5-Annoying or surprising habits with always.5-Annoying or surprising habits with always.

Ex:*He´s always inviting people to his Ex:*He´s always inviting people to his house.house.

*She´s always writting songs to her *She´s always writting songs to her boyfriend.boyfriend.

ModifiersModifiers

1-1-Fairly:Fairly: Usually modifies adjectives and Usually modifies adjectives and adverbs. It doesn´t suggest a high degree.adverbs. It doesn´t suggest a high degree.

Ex:*I´m Ex:*I´m fairlyfairly good at soccer but I like it. good at soccer but I like it.2-2-Quite:Quite: Suggest a higher degree than fairly. Suggest a higher degree than fairly.

It can be used with a/an and usually It can be used with a/an and usually comes before that.comes before that.

Ex:*He´s Ex:*He´s quitequite intelligent for his grade. intelligent for his grade.3-3-Pretty:Pretty: Is stronger than quite. It can Is stronger than quite. It can

suggest more than was expected.suggest more than was expected.Ex:*She is Ex:*She is prettypretty good at soccer. good at soccer.

ModifiersModifiers

4-4-A bit:A bit: Is often used with the same meaning Is often used with the same meaning as a little.When is used with non-as a little.When is used with non-comparative adjectives, the meaning is comparative adjectives, the meaning is usually negative or critical.usually negative or critical.

Ex:*He´s Ex:*He´s a bita bit tall to be in this ride. tall to be in this ride.5-5-Really:Really: Is used to show emphasis. Is used to show emphasis.Ex:*I´m Ex:*I´m reallyreally hungry. hungry.6-6-Extremly,Extremly, incredibly, terribly:incredibly, terribly: Are stronger Are stronger

than very.than very.Ex:*He was Ex:*He was extremlyextremly mad because he lose mad because he lose

the game. the game.

Types of comparison.Types of comparison.

1-1-To a higher degree: To a higher degree: (Comparative form + than)(Comparative form + than)Ex:*He´s Ex:*He´s taller thantaller than me. me.2-2-To the same degree:To the same degree:(As….as)(As….as)Ex:*Hitting people is Ex:*Hitting people is as annoying asas annoying as telling telling

bad words.bad words.3-3-To a lower degree: To a lower degree: (With less + than and the least)(With less + than and the least)Ex:*He usually look Ex:*He usually look the least cheapthe least cheap things to things to

buy it.buy it.

Types of comparison.Types of comparison.

4-4-(Not) as….as:(Not) as….as: We use not as…as to We use not as…as to compare things which are different.compare things which are different.

Ex:*He´s Ex:*He´s not as intelligent asnot as intelligent as he was he was last year.last year.

5-5-As….as: As….as: We use as…as to compare We use as…as to compare things which are the same.things which are the same.

Ex:*My friend is Ex:*My friend is as gorgeous asas gorgeous as she. she.

ReflexivesReflexives1-When the object is the same person/thing as the 1-When the object is the same person/thing as the

subject.subject.Ex:*My tv Ex:*My tv turns itself onturns itself on when I need to wake up when I need to wake up

early.early. *A bentley *A bentley turns itself onturns itself on when you say turn on. when you say turn on.2-When you want to emphasise the subject or the 2-When you want to emphasise the subject or the

object.object.Ex:*I play with my sister Ex:*I play with my sister herself.herself. *He *He himselfhimself is trying to do an exam. is trying to do an exam.3-With by to mean alone.3-With by to mean alone.Ex:*I do my hw Ex:*I do my hw by myself.by myself. *She made that cake *She made that cake by herself.by herself.

Own.Own.

1-1-On my own/on his own, etc:On my own/on his own, etc: To mean without To mean without the help of others.the help of others.

Ex:*I do that party Ex:*I do that party on my ownon my own, the other people , the other people were resting.were resting.

*He make all the dinner *He make all the dinner on his ownon his own..2-2-On my own/on his own, etc:On my own/on his own, etc: To mean alone. To mean alone.Ex:*I´ll go to the malecon Ex:*I´ll go to the malecon on my ownon my own.. *She is depressed and she want to be *She is depressed and she want to be on her on her

ownown..3- 3- my own/his own, etc:my own/his own, etc: To mean belonging to To mean belonging to

no other person.no other person.Ex:*I have Ex:*I have my ownmy own room. room. *She bought *She bought her ownher own cellphone. cellphone.

Narrative tensesNarrative tenses*Past simple**Past simple*

1-To talk about events in the past that are 1-To talk about events in the past that are now finished.now finished.

Ex:*The 2006 world cup is finished.Ex:*The 2006 world cup is finished.2-To talk about habits in the past. 2-To talk about habits in the past. Ex:*I worked in oxxo for 3 weeks.Ex:*I worked in oxxo for 3 weeks.3-To talk about situations in the past.3-To talk about situations in the past.Ex:*When I was child, I played with toys.Ex:*When I was child, I played with toys.4-In reported speech.4-In reported speech.Ex:*He said he wouldn´t do the hw.Ex:*He said he wouldn´t do the hw.

Narrative tensesNarrative tenses*Past continous**Past continous*

1-To talk about actions in progress in the 1-To talk about actions in progress in the past.past.

Ex:*He was speaking very well, trying to Ex:*He was speaking very well, trying to understand.understand.

2-To talk about temporary situations in the 2-To talk about temporary situations in the past.past.

Ex:*Last Saturday´s I was going to english Ex:*Last Saturday´s I was going to english classes.classes.

3-To talk about anticipates events that did 3-To talk about anticipates events that did not happen.not happen.

Ex:*I was going to go with my friends on Ex:*I was going to go with my friends on Thursday but I need to go to mazatlan so I Thursday but I need to go to mazatlan so I can´t go with them.can´t go with them.

Narrative tensesNarrative tenses*Past continous**Past continous*

4-To talk about an event that was in 4-To talk about an event that was in progress when another event happen.progress when another event happen.

Ex:*I was dancing in a party when it started Ex:*I was dancing in a party when it started to rain.to rain.

5-To talk about actions in progress at the 5-To talk about actions in progress at the same time in the past.same time in the past.

Ex:*While I was doing my hw, my sister was Ex:*While I was doing my hw, my sister was watching the tv.watching the tv.

Narrative tensesNarrative tenses*Past perfect simple**Past perfect simple*

1-Use to refer to a time earlier than another 1-Use to refer to a time earlier than another past time.past time.

Ex:*I passed in front my house, I had opened Ex:*I passed in front my house, I had opened the door.the door.

2-In reported speech.2-In reported speech.

Ex:*He said he had a party yesterday.Ex:*He said he had a party yesterday.

Narrative tensesNarrative tenses*Past perfect continous**Past perfect continous*

1-To talk about actions or situations which 1-To talk about actions or situations which had continued up to the past moment that had continued up to the past moment that we are thinking about.we are thinking about.

Ex:*I had been writting an essay.Ex:*I had been writting an essay.

Time conjunctions.Time conjunctions.

1-1-As, when, while: As, when, while: Can introduce a background Can introduce a background action/situation which is going on while action/situation which is going on while something else happens. All can go at the something else happens. All can go at the beginning of the sentences.beginning of the sentences.

--While: While: To describe 2 longer actions going at the To describe 2 longer actions going at the same time.same time.

Ex:*Ex:*While While I was finishing the hw, my dad was I was finishing the hw, my dad was arriving to home.arriving to home.

--AS:AS: Is used to talk about 2 situations that develops Is used to talk about 2 situations that develops or change together.or change together.

Ex:*Ex:*AsAs I finished my school, I will look for a job. I finished my school, I will look for a job.

--When: When: To refer to periods of life.To refer to periods of life.

Ex:*Ex:*WhenWhen I was with my uncles, I played with my I was with my uncles, I played with my cousins.cousins.


2-2-Eventually/Finally: Eventually/Finally: Mean in the end.Mean in the end.

Ex:*There was a long queue for enter to the cinema Ex:*There was a long queue for enter to the cinema and and finallyfinally I can enter. I can enter.

3-3-At first/To begin with: At first/To begin with: Refer to the beginning of a Refer to the beginning of a situation.situation.

Ex:*Ex:*At firstAt first I liked help people, but then It was I liked help people, but then It was annoying.annoying.

4-4-As soon as/Then: As soon as/Then: Can be use to talk about 2 Can be use to talk about 2 actions that happen very quickly one after the actions that happen very quickly one after the other.other.

Ex:*Someone pitch me the ball, Ex:*Someone pitch me the ball, thenthen I hit it. I hit it.


5-5-After/Afterwards/After that: After/Afterwards/After that: After is not After is not usually used alone. Instead we use other usually used alone. Instead we use other expressions like afterwards or after that.expressions like afterwards or after that.

Ex:*We are going to see tomateros, Ex:*We are going to see tomateros, after after thatthat we are going to my friend house. we are going to my friend house.

6-6-By the time: By the time: Is used before a verb and Is used before a verb and means not later than.means not later than.

Ex:*He will be waking up Ex:*He will be waking up by the timeby the time you you entered to schoolentered to school

Modals.Modals.*Asking for and giving permission**Asking for and giving permission*

1- 1- Can:Can: We can use to ask for and give a We can use to ask for and give a permission.permission.

Ex:*You Ex:*You cancan drive the car. drive the car.

2- 2- Could:Could: To ask permission when you are To ask permission when you are not sure what the answer will be.not sure what the answer will be.

Ex:*Ex:*Could Could I enter?I enter?

3- 3- May:May: To ask for or give a permission in To ask for or give a permission in formal situations.formal situations.

Ex:*YouEx:*You may may take notes. take notes.

Modals.Modals.*Obligation**Obligation*

1- 1- Should and Ought to:Should and Ought to: To talk about To talk about obligations and duties in the future, present obligations and duties in the future, present and past.and past.

Ex:*You Ex:*You should should go to the doctor.go to the doctor.

*He *He ought toought to do the hw. do the hw.

Should + have + past participle is often usedShould + have + past participle is often used

to criticise your own or other people behavior.to criticise your own or other people behavior.

Ex:*You Ex:*You should have walkedshould have walked more. more.

Modals.Modals.*Strong obligation and necessary**Strong obligation and necessary*

1-1-Must:Must: Talk about present and future strong Talk about present and future strong obligations and necessities that come obligations and necessities that come frome the speaker.frome the speaker.

Ex:*You Ex:*You mustmust finish your lunch. finish your lunch.

-Ask about what the listeneer wants you to -Ask about what the listeneer wants you to do.do.

Ex:*Ex:*MustMust I eat this food? I eat this food?

-Tell people not to do things.-Tell people not to do things.

Ex:*You Ex:*You mustn´tmustn´t throw garbage here. throw garbage here.

Modals.Modals.*Strong obligation and necessary**Strong obligation and necessary*

2-2-Have to/Have got:Have to/Have got: Talk about present and Talk about present and future strong obligations that do not come future strong obligations that do not come from the speaker.from the speaker.

Ex:*I Ex:*I have tohave to do the english project. do the english project.

-Talk about past and reported obligations of -Talk about past and reported obligations of all kinds.all kinds.

Ex:*He Ex:*He had tohad to do more exersise. do more exersise.

Modals.Modals.*Lack of obligation**Lack of obligation*

1- 1- Needn´t/Don´t need to/Don´t have to: Needn´t/Don´t need to/Don´t have to: To talk To talk about a lack of obligationin the present or future.about a lack of obligationin the present or future.

Ex:*You Ex:*You needn´t needn´t do the exam.do the exam. *He *He don´t need todon´t need to change his clothes. change his clothes. *I *I don´t have todon´t have to go if I dont want. go if I dont want.Needn´t + have + past participle:Needn´t + have + past participle: We used to say We used to say

that somebodydid something,but that it was that somebodydid something,but that it was unnecessary.unnecessary.

Ex:*You Ex:*You needn´t have goneneedn´t have gone to the store. to the store.--Didn´t need to + infinitive: Didn´t need to + infinitive: To say that something To say that something

wasn´t necessary without saying whether the wasn´t necessary without saying whether the person did it or not.person did it or not.

Ex:*He Ex:*He didn´t need to watchdidn´t need to watch a horror movie. a horror movie.

Used to & Would.Used to & Would.

1-1-Used to: Used to: To talk about past habits To talk about past habits and states that do not occur now or and states that do not occur now or no longer exist.no longer exist.

Ex:*I Ex:*I used toused to eat gerber. eat gerber.

2-2-Would:Would: To talk about past habits and To talk about past habits and repeated actions but not about past repeated actions but not about past tenses.tenses.

Ex:*I Ex:*I wouldwould swim after school. swim after school.

English Final Project

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Transcript of English Final Project