Literary Techniques: emotive language, imagery, personification, clich, irony, metaphor, symbolism, wordchoice handsomeNormal Gender Stereotypes:Men are typically portrayed as hard-woring, rebellious and fulfilling a !ob in a male dominated profession" #n contrast to this, females are depicted as fragile and emotional, having the role of the housewife" The authors of the following te$ts have made use of descriptive language, figurative language, symbolism and many more language techniques to the adherence or subversion to thetraditional gender stereotypes" More so each author represents their perspective of gender, based on stereotypesDrovers Wife:%ubversion &%he rode nineteen miles, for assistance, carrying the dead child', %he will not tae them into the house, for she nows the snae is there, and may at any moment come up through a crac in the rough slab floor( so she carries several armfuls of firewood into the itchen, and then taes the children there: )The *rovers +ife is a short story by ,enry Lawson about a woman who is left alone in the harsh -ustralian bush to loo after the house and children while her husband is away sheep droving&%hes gaunt and sun-browned"' &%he lives with her . children while her husband is out droving'" &%he is used to being alone'"&/oes so far to the e$tent of sacrificing sleep to better protect the children from the snae' %he maes a bed on the itchen table for thechildren, and sits down beside it to watch all night"%he is not a coward, but recent events have shaen her nerves"- little son of her brother-in-law was lately bitten by a snae, and died *rovers wife says she &is used to being left alone" %he once lived lie this for eighteen months%he stresses that the monotony is not a problem for her, and that &she would feel strange away from it'" 0y repeating the fact that she is usedto loneliness, she is able to cope with being alone for so long"-ppears emotional at various situations, when flood breas the dam that husband built, )her heart is nearly broen into two, for she thins how the husband would of feel when he sees years of labour swept away" &%he cries then', it is not for herself that she cries, but for her husband" 1urthermore, nearing end of story, after snae dies %he taes up a handerchief to wipe the tears away' beneath her tough e$terior, is a sensitive and semimetal woman, a trait associated with female gender2hallenges female gender stereotypes as the female in the story taes the male role" 1or e$ample she puts out fires, ills snaes, loos after the house"Theme: %urvival, #ndependence, %trong, motherly figure care for child"3ualities 4ossessed: %trong, protective, independent, unconcerned about appearance,Chrysanthemums%um: 2hrysanthemums unfolds with a isolated valley where 5lisa -llen and her husband reside in" %he partaes in domestic wor, the author gives her an elaborate description, possesses female and male traits" ,er male interests go unnoticed" Many men unthiningly accepted the conventional wisdom that woring husbands and a decent amount of money were the only things women needed *uring the first scene when she is first introduced, she is gardening as she wears her 6gardening costume6 which completely mass her femininity" #t is ironic that gardening, an activity often associated with domestic femininity, is significant in highlighting 5lisa7s masculinity"8epresents the female gender as not focused on having the perfect appearance and the absence of desiring to be perfect, instead seeming strong and independent"&,er interest in the business side of the ranch goes unnoticed'5lisa -llen feeble and sensitive persona is apparent through the use of similes &%he was crying wealy-lie an old woman'" This shows that females can be very obscure with their feelings" 9n the contrary, 5lisa -llen depicts the housewife role of the household spending long hours cleaning the &hard-swept looing house, withThe author presents to the audience that men are deceitful and adventurous, but at various times are depicted as emotional" :Tiner;,enry is everything a woman should want in a husband: he provides for her, treats her with respect, and even taes her out every now and then" ,is benevolent, sometimes dismissive attitude toward his wife;The chrysanthemum stems seemed too small and easy for her energy":she possesses abnormal strength, )too easy, she has done it so much times its unchallenging and wants to do something more challenging lie business'" #n fact, she7s so powerful that the stems5lisa -llen, woring in her flower garden, looed down across the yard and saw ,enry, her husband, taling to two men in business suits" :#ndicative of her interest in business as she casts multiple glances; &,enry puts on his !oing tone" Theres 1ights tonight" &,owd would you lie to go to the fights>' :he automatically assumes that females are not interested in these, and would rather do something else, evident with )!oing tone and speas in a condescending matter" as if to say she is a woman ? what fun could she possibly have at such a gruesome event" -nd really, what7s so funny about a woman going to a fight> -her offers of helping her husband to ranch are treated with well-meant condescension, she7s wearing a gender-bending outfit that conceals her body, maing 6her figure @looA bloced and heavy6 :=;" The fact that she7s wearing men7s clothes might mean that 5lisa7s the ind of lady who isn7t afraid to go against what7s e$pected of a woman"The narrator calls her &strong', towards the end of the story, she even declares herself as &strong', m strong"" # never new before how strong'"you7re so strong, why does the story end with you 6crying wealy ? lie an old woman6> +hen conversing with the tiner, the tiner flattens her" ) %he touched under the edge of her man7s hat, searching for fugitive hairs" %he7s definitely not looing her best, and here we see her self-consciously fi$ing her hair ? a classically feminine gesture" %he cares for her appearance"%he put on her newest underclothing and her nicest stocings and the dress which was the symbol of her prettiness" %he wored carefully on her hair, penciled her eyebrows and rouged her lips"This hardly seems lie the same lady at all" This 5lisa is feminine, pretty, and polished" 2ontradictive to her appearance earlier on the story"5lisa so lonely is the simple fact that she7s a woman" +hile the men do business and wor the ranch, 5lisa gardens and cleans#t also reinforces the stereotypes as the female does the domestic wor and is vulnerable to the influences of men"3ualities 4ossessed : #nterest in business, strong and powerful, adherence to )gender stereotypesBoys Dont Cry. (!ymoron"%ubversion, when *ante taes care of the baby, instead of focusing on Bni" %ubversion when 5mma leaves her baby" %uddenly, the gender roles have switched"8ecalls of a time where he partaes in a test that determines his university qualification" ,es so fi$ated and contemplates on performing well, even after the tests" ,e is e$tremely confident, though he allures to ridiculous ideas that could have altered his mars ? the marer was in a bad mood, a cosmic ray could of hit and altered all his answers" %hows how important education is, reinforcing the traditional role of men being the )0read +inner, as they need a good education to get a financially secure !ob" &There was no other choice'" ? shows no alternative path, also reinforcing male gender stereotypes" Mel doesn7t come bac and *ante is left alone" 0ut what can he do when he nows that boys simply don7t cry>&My results were my life'" #t is a sharp reminder not to !udge Melanie too harshly for running out :another stereotype < it is considered pretty normal for the father to leave, but unforgiv-able if the mother does;" :Melanie left her baby, 5mma, in *antes hands;")The e$pression on the womans face changed dramatically" ,er eyes were wide, her mouth open in shoc" )%hes your daughter> she ased scandaliCed" %he didnt say it quietly either" :+hen he taes 5mma out for the first time shopping, has to deal with pre!udices and !udgements from others;The 4aper 0ag 4rincess#n the beginning, 4rincess 5liCabeth is introduced as a &beautiful princess' that had &e$pensive princess cloths'"%he is pictured wearing a long pin dress and blond hair" %he loos dirty and sloppy which would not be desirable to most people" -ccordingly, 8onalds first reaction to being saved is not to than 5liCabeth for rising her own life, but to criticiCe her appearance" 8onald observes, &5liCabeth, you are a messD Eou smell lie ashes, your hair is all tangled and you are wearing a dirty old paper bag" 2ome bac when you are dressed lie a real princess"'&%he loos everywhere, but only finds a paper bag'Themes: 8eversing traditional gender roles, appearance is redundant, its whats in the hearts that counts"3ualities 4ossessed : %trong, independent , manipulative, pays no heed to her appearance, night in shining armor8epresentations of gender are not defined in any singular way but can be safely assumed that male and female representations are mostly based upon gender stereotypes"-uthors represent gender in a stereotypicalF subverted mannerF