England Divided
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Transcript of England Divided
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England DividedParliament and the Monarchy Fight for Power
1485-1688
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Objective SWBAT understand how the English Civil War and
the development of the commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution
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DO NOW: Tuesday 11/27/12 On the back of your notes, list the
PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France.
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English Bill of Rights
Absolute Monarch
Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED
by Cromwell
Popular Ruler dies 1685
Abdicates in 1688
Constitutional
Government!
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Map of The United Kingdom
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The Tudors Rule England 1485-1603 Tudor monarchs Henry VIII & Elizabeth Control parliament tactfully Recognize & respect its role in government 1603 – Elizabeth dies, leaving throne to Stuart
cousin James VI of Scotland (James I of England)
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Stuart King James I Rules 1603-1625 James I becomes King (son of Mary Queen of Scots) Mary was executed by Elizabeth, leaving James as the
closest relative to assume throne immediately clashes with parliament Scolds parliament for usurping royal power Parliament responds with a declaration of its own rights In the last parliament of his reign, King James gives in to
Parliament
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Stuart King Charles I Rules 1625-1649 Charles dissolves Parliament when it tries to
expand powers to deal with an economic crisis Parliament act of 1628 produces the Petition of
Right (No taxes w/o consent, No jailing w/o legal justification)
Later Parliament clashes with Charles over what they think are violations of the document
Charles dissolves Parliament again
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The Long Parliament Meets
1640-1653 Faced with economic problems and an invasion by
Scotland, Charles is forced to call Parliament The Long Parliament (as it is known) works to
steadily expand its powers Eventually Charles strikes back Motto: “Give Caesar his due”
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The English Civil War Rages
War breaks out between Parliament’s Roundheads and Charles I’s Cavaliers
The parliamentary forces, led by Oliver Cromwell, eventually win
1649: Charles I is executed
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Exit Ticket Was the English Civil War successful? WHY or WHY
NOT? EXPLAIN!
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“Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?”
Read the background information and answer corresponding questions
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The English Commonwealth Parliament abolishes the monarchy and
House of Lords Parliament rules as a commonwealth Cromwell is leader Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is
a military leader Commonwealth falls apart upon
Cromwell’s death in 1658 Groups who favor a monarchy gain power
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The Monarchy is Restored 1660-1685 Charles II works with Parliament to repair the
shattered nation Eventually clashes with Parliament when he
works to restore Catholicism 1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds
the monarchy’s power His successor, James II, continues to push for
Catholic power and incites a backlash PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**
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The Glorious Revolution William and Mary (James II’s Protestant
daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs
1688 King James II, wife & child flee to France
Assures Parliament’s power William & Mary had to agree to very
limited powers under Parliament’s domination
1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights
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The English Bill of Rights Ensured the superiority of Parliament
over the monarchy Required the monarch to summon
Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending
King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws
Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne
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The English Bill of Rights Also restated the traditional rights of
English citizens Trial by jury Abolished excessive fines Cruel and unjust punishment Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus
No person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
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Toleration Act 1689 Granted limited religious freedom to
Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters BUT only members of the Church of
England could hold public office Catholics were not allowed any
religious freedoms
timeline
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English Bill of Rights
Absolute Monarch
Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED
by Cromwell
Popular Ruler dies 1685
Abdicates in 1688
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Wrap Up
Why was the “Age of Absolutism” 1550-1800 such a chaotic time in European history?
Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government
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Exit Ticket: Wednesday 11/28/12 Why was Thomas Hobbes such a strong supporter
of an Absolute Ruler? What was the Petition of Right? What was the result of the English Civil War? What was the Commonwealth? Who led the
Commonwealth?
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The English Bill of Rights Primary Source