England and Its Colonies Mercantilism Mercantilism A Nation’s power comes from its wealth. A...
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England and Its Colonies
Mercantilism A Nation’s power comes from its
wealth. Self sufficiency through trade and
saving gold and silver. Colonies provided resources and
markets
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Navigation Acts
Law to regulate and protect England’s trade empire.
Goods leaving the colonies must go to England on the way to Europe.
Colonists could not make goods that the British made. No competition
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Impact of Navigation Acts
Positive Benefits for the Colonies
Free military aid Guaranteed market
and price for colonial goods (monopolies)
Salutary Neglect
Negative Effect on the Colonies
Colonies could not develop manufacturing (New England).
Low prices and profits for South created debt to English merchants.
Writs of Assistance violate colonial rights-search warrants.
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Dominion of New England
Sir Edmund Andros Appoint to head the new
super colony Treats people badly
Glorious Revolution William and Mary Give more power to
Parliament Ends Dominion of New
England Colonists get more freedom
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Salutary Neglect
Good or beneficial neglect Curfew example
Did not enforce laws Navigation Acts, etc.
Leads to colonial self government
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The Agricultural South
Plantations and Small Farmers Cash crop
Tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton
Evolution of slavery and the slave trade
Triangle trade and the middle passage
Slaves use culture to cope in the new world
Some slaves rebel Stono Rebellion
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The Commercial North
Diverse economy Merchants, shipbuilders, small farmers,
fishing Urban life
Philadelphia, Boston, New York New immigrants Role of women (Similar to the South)
2nd class citizen Lacked education Couldn’t vote
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Cartoon
Draw two scenes in the space provided in your notes.
One of the typical economy in the south and one of the typical economy in the north. Include various scenes of people
working, be sure to show all aspects of the economy. Be sure to show how they are different.
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North Small farms
(corn, wheat, and other vegetables), fur trappers, forest timber for lumber, shopkeepers, blacksmiths, shipping, ship building.
South Plantations
(tobacco, rice, cotton), slave trade, shipping these raw materials, small farms in the west.
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Slavery in Colonial America
• Need for a new, cheap source of labor because of large landholdings.
• First slaves arrived at Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations.
• Growth of slavery was tied to the growth of the plantation system– In 1690 – 13,000 slaves in the
Southern colonies– In 1750 – 200,000 slaves in the
Southern colonies• Around the age of 12, slaves
began full-time work, which would continue until their death.
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The Great Awakening: A Religious Revival
• A religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-17th century.
• Attacked the dry procedural approach of the established churches• Boring
• (Anglican/Congregationalist) in favor of emotion, excitement.
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The Great Awakening (cont.)
Those who supported this new approach were called ‘new lights’ and those who supported the established churches were called ‘old lights.’
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were the most famous ministers of this movement.
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Effects of the Movement• Brought religion to the
lower class and slaves.• Led to the rapid growth
of evangelical religions (Methodists, Baptists).• Established churches lose
power• Laid the foundation for
the First Amendment, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom.
• Foundation of American Revolution
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Enlightenment
Enlightenment Benjamin Franklin
American Philosophical Society, Junto reading group
It is known as the Age of Reason God created a world based on
order and rational thought World explained by science
John Locke – Social Contract
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The impact of the Enlightenment and Great
Awakening Discuss the following with your
partner.1. How could each change the colonists?2. List ideas or beliefs from these
movements that led to the American Revolution?
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Classwork – page 82 - 84 Summarize in your own words the
importance of the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. What was the focus of each movement? What was each movements impact?
Identify four people who were involved with the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. (two for each) You need to include specifics on what
they did that was important. Ex: books, speeches, inventions, new ideas, etc.
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Britain and FranceBitter Rivals in America
Ohio River Valley
British and France fight over land
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New France
Mostly fur traders and Catholic priests
No desire to build towns or raise families
Friendlier relations with Native Americans
In 1754 70,000 people in New France 1,000,000 people in the British colonies
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Fort Necessity George Washington, Age
22 Takes a militia to find
the French Builds Fort Necessity French launch a counter
attack and take Washington and his militia
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The French and Indian War
• War between rivals England and France (1754 and 1763) over the Ohio River Valley in North America.
• England was allied with its American colonies, while the French were allied with several Native American tribes.
• George Washington debuts on the battlefield and is defeated by the French at Fort Duquesne.
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Albany Plan
• Benjamin Franklin suggested a plan of union to unite the colonies in 1754 to raise money, troops, and regulate trade.
• British and colonial governments reject Albany Plan because they fear power of centralized government.
• Plan represented precedent for working together for later American Revolution.
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The Treaty of Paris, 1763• The English defeated the
French and negotiated a favorable peace.
• The French gave up all its North American colonies.– Canada and all land east of
the Mississippi to England.
– All land west of Mississippi to Spain to compensate for loss of Florida to the British.
• The French would look for an opportunity for revenge-American Revolution.
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After the French and Indian War…
• France was driven out of North America.
• Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.– Great Britain did not
want to have to pay to defend colonists from Native Americans in unsettled areas.
• Great Britain increased taxes to cut debt from war.
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The French and Indian War:A Major Turning Point for British-Colonial Relations
Colonies:• United them against a
common enemy for the first time.
• Created resentment towards the British that would only intensify.
• Proclamation of 1763 aimed at ending expansion west of the Appalachians.
Britain:• Increased its colonial
empire in the Americas.
• Stationed 10,000 troops in its territory.
• Contempt for the colonists created bitter feelings.
• Doubled its national debt.
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Analyzing Political Cartoons
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New Problems with the Native Americans
Pontiac – rebellious Ottawa leader Worried about British expansion
Captures eight British forts Small pox blankets Weakens the Native Americans
Proclamation of 1763 Settlers not allowed west of
Appalachian Mountains
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Colonies and Britain Grow Apart
Crack down on smuggling Writs of assistance
Search ships and businesses 10,000 troops stationed in the
colonies Colonist fear standing army
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Britain's National Debt
National Debt doubles George Grenville – new Prime
Minister New taxes Sugar Act
Lessens duties on molasses Places duties on other imports Try smuggling cases in vice-admiralty
courts