England

• Corn Laws benefitted wealthy landowners; liberals were furious, but could do little to change these laws.

England

• The Six Acts prevented mass meetings and freedom of the press

Greece

• Ypsilanti led the people in this country in revolts against their Ottoman overlords

Greece

• Russia, Britain, and France installed a German prince as king of this newly independent country in 1832.

France

• Charles X tried to roll back the Constitutional Charter and establish himself as an absolute ruler.

France, Austria, and Prussia

• This ended with a strong man in power—a person who did not share power with other governing bodies very well.

Prussia

• The Austrians and a war with Denmark (over Schleswig and Holstein) prevented this country from unifying in the 1850s

Prussia

• The Frankfurt Assembly attempted (unsuccessfully in the 1850s) to unite separate states in this confederation

Prussia

• Established an economic union (the Zollverein) of 17 German states which eliminated internal tariffs and set the tone for greater union in the future

France

• During the revolution, to address the problem of unemployment, workshops were organized for men interested in construction work. Officials also set up workshops for women when they felt they were excluded.

France

• It ended theconstitutional monarchy of Louis-Philippe, and led to the creation of the French Second Republic.

• Led by well-educated students and intellectuals,they demanded national unity, freedom of the press, andfreedom of assembly. The uprisings were not well coordinated, but had in common a rejection of traditional, autocratic political structures.

• The middle-class and working-class components of the Revolution split, and in the end, the conservative aristocracy defeated it (William IV), forcing many liberals into exile.

Prussia

• Preoccupation with a war over Schleswig and Holstein prevented unification here.

Austria

• The empire, ruled from Vienna, included • Hungarians, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Croats,

Slovaks, Ukrainians/Ruthenians, Romanians, Serbs and Italians, all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities.

Great Britain and France

• Limited male suffrage existed wherein a small portion of those in the nation could vote

Hungary/Austria

• Louis Kossuth led Magyrs (or Hungarians) to fight for their independence

Great Britain

• Internal unrest in this country was relatively mild compared to other countries during the 1830s and 1840s

Ireland

• The Great Famine shattered population growth in this country after the 1840s.

Great Britain

• The Corn Laws were repealed when pressure came from the Irish Potato Famine

Great Britain

• The Reform Bill of 1832 increased suffrage from 6-12% of males

France

• A leader in this country tried to take his country to war with Algeria to divert attention from domestic problems

France

• Students and workers in this country wanted to overthrow their “bourgeois monarch” when he would not pursue voting reforms

France

• When National workshops were disbanded in this country, workers took to the streets with barricades and the army crushed the revolt. These were called “The June Days.”

Austria

• Once the monarch abolished serfdom here, the lower classes lost interest in the revolution.

Prussia

• Frederick William disbanded the constituent assembly here and granted a conservative constitution

Germany

• This country failed to unite in 1850.

France

• The July Revolution in this country caused Charles X to flee and for his cousin to rule in his stead

France

• Delacroix’s painting of Liberty Leading the People is about a revolution (1830) in this country