ENGINEERING STANDARD 1 INTERPRETATION OF DRAWINGS

REVISIONSSHEET REV DESCRIPTION E.O. NO. DATE APPROVED

MATON CORPORATION – PROPRIETARY NOTICE TO PERSONS RECEIVING THIS DOCUMENT AND/OR TECHNICAL INFORMATION. THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDING THE DRAWINGS AND INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREON, IS THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF EATON CORPORATION AND IS MERELY ON LOAN AND SUBJECT TO RECALL BY EATON AT ANY TIME BY TAKING POSSESSION OF THIS DOCUMENT. THE RECIPIENT

ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THIS DOCUMENT CANNOT BE USED IN ANY MANNER ADVERSE TO THE INTERESTS OF EATON AND THAT NO PORTION OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE COPIED OR OTHERWISE REPRODUCED OR DISCLOSED TO OTHERS WITHOUT THE PRIOR

WRITTEN CONSENT OF EATON. IN THE CASE OF CONFLICTING CONTRACTUAL PROVISIONS THIS NOTICE SHALL GOVERN THE STATUS OF THIS DOCUMENT.

PREP P. Petti 82.12.08 EATON CORP.IRVINE, CALIFORNIACHK

ENGRG C. Alston 82.12.10

ENGINEERING STANDARD 1INTERPRETATION OF DRAWINGS

ILS

PRODUCT LINEAirframe/

Ground Fueling

CONTRACT NO.Size Cage Code Document Number

ES-1Rev:

NA

860900DT23CUST APPR

Sheet 1 of 42

All A Retyped all pages per MIL-STD-100 format, updated to ANSI Y14.5 1983, and modified para. 2.4.1, 2.9.4 and 2.10.6.

117333 86-07-10 P. Petti

All B Updated and revised. See E.O. 140168 93-2-26 L. Piazza

All CCompletely retyped for electronic format. See E.O. for changes.

152935 01/07/17 M. Rocha

All DNew Argo Tech format with changes. See E.O. for changes.

154382 02/08/12 M. Rocha

Noted E See E.O. for changes. 155003 03/02/25 M. Rocha

Noted F SEE E.O. FOR CHANGES 156675 04/01/22 M.ROCHA

All GUpdated and revised – See E.O..

165189 09/04/16 J. Lee

All H See E.O. for changes. 166185 10/11/10 J. Lee

All J See E.O. for changes. 166279 11/02/23 J. Lee

All K See E.O. for changes. 166978 12/03/29 J. Lee

All L See E.O. for changes. 167385 12/10/18 M. Martinez

All M See E.O. for changes. 167450 12/12/05 J. Lee

All N See ECO for changes. ECO-0144012 18/09/24 J. Miner

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EATON DOCUMENT NUMBER ES-1 REV

NIRVINE CALIFORNIA CAGE CODE 86090/0DT23 SHEET 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

REVISION SHEET 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

1.0 GENERAL DRAWING INFORMATION 4

1.1 General 4

1.2 Dimensioning, General 5

1.3 Applicable Documents 6

1.4 Definitions 6

1.5 Weight Definition-Airframe Division only 6

2.0 MANUFACTURING PRACTICES & DEFINITIONS 7(MACHINED AND INJECTION MOLDED PARTS)

2.1 General 7

2.2 Angles 7

2.3 Deburring or Braking Sharp Edges (Machined Parts) 8

2.4 Centerlines 9

2.5 Tooling Centers 10

2.6 Chamfer (CHAM) 11

2.7 Countersink (CSK) 13

2.8 Face Runout for Machined Features 14

2.9 Flatness and Waviness 16

2.10 Holes 16

2.11 In-Process Dimension 18

2.12 Intersecting Surfaces 19

2.13 Lockwiring and Cotter Pins 20

2.14 Parallelism for Machined Features 20

2.15 Radius 20

2.16 Squareness for Machined Features 22

2.17 Threads 23

2.18 “Thru” Callouts 26

2.19 Tubing 26

2.20 Formed Metal Parts 26

2.21 Critical Characteristics 31

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

3.0 MANUFACTURING PRACTICE AND DEFINITIONS 32(UNMACHINED PARTS)

3.1 General 32

3.2 Angles 32

3.3 Basic Dimension 32

3.4 Centerlines 32

3.5 Combination Drawings 33

3.6 Datum Planes 33

3.7 Draft 35

3.8 Flatness, Straightness & Waviness 35

3.9 Gage Dimension 35

3.10 Intersecting Surfaces 35

3.11 Mismatch and Snags 37

3.12 Radius 37

3.13 Roundness (or Out of Round) 39

3.14 Surface Roundness 39

3.15 Critical Characteristics 39

4.0 AIRFRAME DIVISION IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS 404.1 General 40

5.0 GROUND FUELING DIVISION IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS 415.1 General 41

6.0 AIRFRAME DIVISION MARKING METHODS AND MATERIAL 42

7.0 GROUND FUELING DIVISION MARKING METHODSAND MATERIAL 42

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ENGINEERING STANDARD 1INTERPRETATION OF DRAWINGS

1.0 GENERAL DRAWING INFORMATION

1.1 General.

1.1.1 This document applies only to drawings or documents that specify “Interpret Per ES-1” with one exception, (See paragraph 4.1.8).

1.1.2 Eaton drawings (Design Engineering Drawings) are drawings of parts delineating configuration, dimensioning, and characteristics in detail as required by engineering and as specified by contract.

1.1.3 The general objective in the preparation of each drawing is to describe completely the requirements of the finished part. However, in most cases, this is impractical and requires supplementary information by the use of specifications referenced on the drawings. In the event of conflict between ES-1 and the drawing or applicable subsidiary specifications, the order of precedence shall be as follows:

(a) The drawing.

(b) Part, material or process specifications that are referenced on the drawing.

(c) ES-1.

(d) Subsidiary specifications (all specifications referenced herein).

1.1.4 All drawings are prepared in accordance with customer requirements or ASME Y14.100, ASME Y14.24, ASME Y14.34 and ASME Y14.35 (formally MIL-STD-100).

1.1.5 Drawings are designated by the number as given in the drawing number block in the lower right corner of the drawing. A letter(s) appearing at the end or the beginning of the drawing number forms an integral part of that drawing number.

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1.1.6 Revisions are recorded in the description column located in the upper right-hand corner. The letter of production drawings appears in the “REV” column and advances each time the drawing is revised of the drawing. The letters (I, O, Q, S, X and Z are never used for revisions). A dash “-“ will be used for the initial release. Prototype non production drawings use a numerical sequence.

1.1.7 All requirements of the drawing apply to the finished parts and not to the tools or processes which are used to produce the parts unless otherwise specified.

1.1.8 All references to specifications on the drawing are understood to be the revision letter, date, and/or number in effect on the date of the invitation to bid of the contract. Use of other revisions, including later revisions, requires prior Eaton approval and customer notification. When a reference is made to a specific paragraph number of a specification, the specification revision must be cited. If the engineering document does not specify a type or class of a referenced specification, the method used will be the option of manufacturing. Use of a specification that replaces an obsolete specification is acceptable as long as the obsolete specification specifies the use of the new specification, and we are not under contract to use only the obsolete specification. Consult with engineering whenever in doubt. See Eaton coordinated procedure CP05.00 for equivalent specifications and compositions.

1.1.9 All Eaton vendors shall be supplied with the latest revision of this and all other referenced documents.

1.1.10 All threaded fasteners shall be torqued per PS187 unless otherwise specified.

1.1.11 When the finish requirement of a MS33649/AS5202 port is to be chem filmed for electrical bonding purposes, the spot face of that port must also be chem finished. For the tap drill diameter beyond the threads, drill point, thru, or intersecting holes the finish will be optional or as specified on the drawing.

1.2 Dimensioning, General.

1.2.1 All dimensions and tolerances are either in inches or millimeters as specified on the drawing.

1.2.1.1 Interpretation of dimensioning on Eaton drawings shall be per ASME Y 14.5M-1994. L indicates positional tolerance at least material condition. On drawings where callouts are specifying position without a modifier, such as M for maximum material condition or L for at least material condition, Rule #2 ASME Y 14.5M-1994 will apply, “For a tolerance of position (formerly called True Position Tolerance), regardless of feature size applies with respect to the individual tolerance, datum reference, or both, where no modifier is specified. “ S ” may or may not appear on the drawing.

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1.2.1.2 The evolution of Eaton Engineering drawings have utilized dimensioning and tolerance standards as follows: MIL-STD-8, USASI Y14.5 1966, ANSI Y14.5 1973, ANSI Y14.5M 1982, and recently ASME Y14.5 1994. It may be noted that older drawings contain variations in dimensional application and symbology that vary from the latest standard. If in doubt of the tolerance objective, contact Eaton Engineering for clarification.

1.2.2 The dimensions (unless otherwise specified) of finished parts must be within the limits specified on the drawing after completion of all manufacturing operations such as heat treating, machining, buffing, plating, baking, ceramic coating, or chemical processing, etc., but excludes painting, lacquering, enameling or dry film lubrication.

1.2.3 Non-rigid parts shall be inspected in a restrained condition.

1.2.4 Standard temperature for measuring all dimensions is 68 2 degrees F. Parts may be measured at temperatures other than standard if compensation is made for differences in temperature from standard for the parts and the measuring tools.

1.2.5 Right angles are not dimensioned. Angles other than 90 degrees are dimensioned as necessary.

1.2.6 Relation of gage (basic) limits to part limits: The specific tolerance limits shall not be exceeded as a result of gage dimensions.

1.2.6.1 Types of measuring devices: All measuring devices must be acceptable to Eaton, Quality Control.

1.2.7 Extension lines and arrows do not control direction of machining.

1.2.8 Mismatches are allowable, provided all surfaces are within the tolerance zone.

1.2.9 Unless otherwise specified, features that are not fully identified in a quantifiable manner on the drawing print shall not be subject to inspection criteria. Visual misrepresentation of hardware when compared to the drawing print shall not be a means for rejection.

1.3 Applicable Documents. ES-1 has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of ASME Y14.100.

1.4 Definitions. Unless otherwise specified by contract, the definitions contained herein or in ASME Y14.5M 1994 shall apply.

1.5 Weight Definition-Airframe Division only. All interface control drawings (Sales Drawings) shall reflect the customer’s weight requirement. This weight will be a max weight or tolerance weight as specified by spec or SCD. Weight call outs such as weight, calculated weight, estimated weight or actual weight are for reference only and are

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acceptable as long as there is not a controlling or as yet to be determined weight requirement.

2.0 MANUFACTURING PRACTICES AND DEFINITIONS (MACHINED AND INJECTION MOLDED PARTS)

2.1 General. This section gives definitions of terms used on drawings and specifies the tolerances allowed in manufacture when specific tolerances are not given on a drawing.

2.1.1 All parts must be made to the latest revision level specified on the technical documentation (drawings, parts list, test procedures, etc.), or as specified in the subcontract or purchase order.

2.1.2 All parts must be clean and free of all foreign material (i.e., chips and dirt) at final inspections. The term “foreign material” does not include such things as protective coatings used for shipment or storage.

2.1.3 Parts shall be visually inspected for defects, and such parts shall be of sound quality. After fabrication, parts and assembled equipment shall be cleaned of smudges; loose, spattered, or excess materials; metal chips; or any other foreign material which might detract from the intended operation, function, or appearance of the equipment. Cracks are not acceptable and evidence of flaws, mishandling, or abuse shall be cause for rejection. This includes, but is not limited to, tool marks, gouge marks, nicks, dents, dings, or other surface type defects. A glass of ten power maximum magnification may be used for visual inspection interpretations.

2.1.4 The finished part property requirements are designated by material specification, heat treat specifications, process notes and any supplementary process information necessary to obtain the finished product. In-process annealing is permitted provided the finished part requirements are met within the tolerance or limitations specified on the drawing.

2.2 Angles.

2.2.1 Where angular tolerance and linear tolerance are both concerned in the location of a feature on a part, the sum of these tolerances shall not be used. The tolerance which allows the least amount of variation will be applied.

2.2.2 An angular tolerance of plus or minus thirty minutes (00 30’) shall apply to all non-dimensioned angles (such as surfaces which are shown to be perpendicular to each other) except vertical and horizontal locating centerlines. Locating centerlines (horizontal and vertical) shall be considered basic (without tolerance).

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2.3 Deburring or Breaking Sharp Edges: (Machined Parts).

NOTE: For breaking sharp edges on sheet metal parts, refer to paragraph 2.20.9.

2.3.1 A burr is the thin edge (or roughness left) on a processed surface.

2.3.2 Sharp edges and loose or adhering burrs must be avoided or removed and replaced by a blend radius. The blend radius shall be at least .005 inch and shall not exceed .015 inch (.127 mm to .381 mm) (see Figure 1.0 and 11.0).

Exception – When two or more parts are held in an assembly fixture for drilling of rivet holes, parts shall not be separated for a deburring between faying surfaces.

2.3.3 A sharp cornered flat chamfer at a corner which leaves an abrupt edge is not acceptable.

2.3.4 A concave radius is not acceptable (See Figure 1.0).

2.3.5 Inspection for burrs may be visual, by feel, or by a magnification glass of 10 power maximum.

BREAKING SHARP EDGES

FIGURE 1.0

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2.4 Centerlines.

Note: When a centerline of more than one undefined diameter or the center of more than one undefined geometrical shape is used as an extension line, the feature with the smallest tolerance will be the datum. Where the smallest tolerance exists on two or more shapes or diameters, the larger feature will be the datum unless the drawing defines the datum.

2.4.1 Diameters shown on the same centerline shall have total run-out to the datum within .005 inch (.127 mm) for diameters under 15.00 inches. For diameters over 15.00 inches but under 30.00 inches the runout shall be within .010 inch (.254 mm). For diameters over 30.00 inches the runout shall be within .015 inch (.381 mm).

2.4.2 Centerlines of diameters or centers of symmetrical geometric shapes, or a combination, thereof shall intersect the datum centerline or center within .0025 inch (.063 mm). See example

EXAMPLE

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2.5 Tooling Centers.

2.5.1 Allowable tooling centers will be specified or shown on the drawing.

2.5.2 Figure 2.0 is an example of a callout where the tooling center drill depth is not controlled

TOOLING CENTER – UNCONTROLLED DEPTH

FIGURE 2.0

2.5.3 Figure 3.0 is an example of a tooling center drill callout where the tooling center drill depth must be controlled.

TOOLING CENTER – UNCONTROLLED DEPTH

FIGURE 3.0

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2.6 Chamfer (Cham).

2.6.1 Chamfer refers to a beveled edge produced by any method of machining or forming (See Figure 4.0 for delineation of chamfer).

2.6.2 Chamfers shall be 40 degrees to 50 degrees, (45 degrees 5 degrees) unless otherwise specified. The width of the chamfer must be called out on the drawing (See Figure 4.0), except for thread chamfers.

2.6.3 All external threads shall be chamfered 40 to 50 degrees and sufficiently wide enough to clean up to the minor diameter. The maximum chamfer width shall be as shown in Table I. This also applies to the thread relief end. On rolled threads a possible concave radius averaging 45 degrees across the extreme edges is allowable (See Figure 4.0)

Figure 4.0

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THREAD CHAMFERSTABLE I

THREADS PER INCH MAXIMUM CHAMFERWIDTH IN INCHES

MINIMUM CHAMFER WIDTH

4 .1704 ½ .1505 .1406 .1207 .1008 .0909 .080

10 thru 12 .070 Must clean up to13 thru 15 .060 Minor diameter.16 thru 18 .05019 thru 24 .04025 thru 36 .03037 thru 48 .02049 or more .010

METRIC THREADSMAX. CHAMFER

WIDTH IN MILLIMETRES

MIN. CHAMFER WIDTH

M1.6, M1.8, M2.2, M2.5 .15M3, M3.5 .20M4, M4.5 .25M5 .30M6, M7, M8X1 .35M10, M14X1.5, M12X1.25 .40M10, M14X1.5, M16X1.5, M18X1.5, Must clean upM20X1.5, M22X1.5 .50 to minor diameter.M12 .55M14, M16, M24X2, M27X2, M30X2,M33X2 .60M18, M20, M22 .75M24, M27, M36X3, M39X3 .90M30, M33 1.00M36, M39 1.15

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2.6.4 Internal threads that end in a thread relief shall be chamfered 40 to 50 degrees. For internal thread countersinks. See paragraph 2.7.3.

2.6.5 The width of a chamfer which intersects a curved surface is the minor diameter. See Figure 5.0.

FIGURE 5.0

2.7 Countersink (CSK).

2.7.1 Countersink refers to the conical surface around the top of a hole for the receiving of a mating part or tool.

2.7.2 The included angle on countersinks will be 80 to 120 degrees, unless otherwise specified.

2.7.3 Internal threads shall be countersunk at the leading end sufficient enough to clean up to the major diameter of the thread. The maximum diameter shall not be more than .020 inch (.508 mm) greater than the major diameter. For threads ending in a relief. See paragraph 2.6.4.

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2.7.4 The diameter specified for a countersink which intersects a curved surface is measured at the minor diameter. See Figure 6.0.

COUNTERSINKS

FIGURE 6.0

2.8 Face Runout for Machined Features.

2.8.1 Face runout is measured by an indicator contacting a face perpendicular to an established axis when the piece is revolved through 360 degrees about the established axis. This measures axial displacement and, therefore, out-of-squareness and waviness of the circular path traced by the indicator relative to the axis. See Figure 7.0.

NOTE: Face runout does not measure concavity and convexity which come under the term TOTAL RUNOUT.

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2.8.2 The face runout on turned ends, faces and shoulders (except threaded parts) shall not be greater than the limits given in Table II. See Figure 7.0.

INTERPRETATIONFACE RUNOUT

FIGURE 7.0

TABLE II

FACE RUNOUT

DIAMETER MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE RUNOUT B (FIM)

INCHES MM INCHES MM0 TO 1 0 TO 25 .003 .0761 TO 2 25 TO 50 .004 .1022 TO 3 50 TO 75 .005 .1273 TO 4 75 TO 100 .006 .1524 TO 5 100 TO 125 .007 .178

5 TO 12 125 & UP .008 .20312 & UP .010 .254

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2.9 Flatness and Waviness.

2.9.1 A flatness symbol specifies a tolerance zone confined by two parallel planes within which the entire surface must lie. See Table III for flatness requirements not specified on the drawing. See paragraph 2.9.3 for waviness conditions.

TABLE III

FLATNESS

LENGTH OF SURFACE TOTAL TOLERANCEMACHINED FEATURES

INCHES MM INCHES MMUP TO 6 UP TO 150 .002 .0516 TO 12 150 TO 300 .004 .102

OVER 12 OVER 300 .006 .152

2.9.2 The minor irregularities and scratches caused by tools are ignored in consideration of flatness tolerances.

2.9.3 The waviness of a surface shall not be more than ten times the surface’s roughness in micro-inches within any .500 inch (12.7 mm) of length.

Example: If 63 or .000063 is the specified finish, then 10 X .000063 or .0006 inch per.500 inch length (.015 mm per 12.7 mm length) is the maximum allowable deviation from datum plane.

2.9.4 Unspecified surface finish for machined features is 125 RMS max. per surface texture spec ANSI B46.1.

2.10 Holes.

2.10.1 The entire length of the axis of holes (other than positional tolerances), except those tap drilled (See Paragraph 2.17.7.3 and Figure 8.0), shall fall within the hole location tolerance and may not lean more than one-half degree in any direction. Where angular and linear tolerance both are concerned, see paragraph 2.2.1.

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2.10.2 The included angle of the point of undimensioned blind holes and/or drill points shall be a minimum of 110 degrees (See Figure 8.0).

HOLD DIMENSIONS

FIGURE 8.0

2.10.3 The depth of a hole is measured from the surface drilled to the depth of the full diameter (See Figure 8.0 and Paragraph 2.17.5, Thread Length).

2.10.4 When the drawing specifies “drill”, “counterdrill” or “counterbore”, the tolerances as specified in AND10387 shall apply. For holes not toleranced or specified as “drill”, “counterdrill”, or “counterbore”, the standard tolerance in the drawing title block shall apply.

2.10.5 The finish of a hole which is drilled shall not exceed 250 RMS.

2.10.6 Holes called out on a drawing as being “in-line” must permit a shaft of .0001/.0003 inch (.0025/.0076 mm) diameter less than the maximum material condition of the holes specified, to pass through all such designated holes, simultaneously without deflection.

2.10.7 The center of holes specified for items such as cotter pins, lockwire, drive pins, etc., shall be within .010 inch (.254 mm) of the theoretical shaft centerline, but this variation shall in no case exceed 5% of the nominal shaft diameter (See Figure 9.0).

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2.10.8 When the drawing specifies “ream”, the tolerances per Table IV shall apply.

TABLE IV

REAMED HOLE TOLERANCE

DIAMETER TOLERANCE

.0312 TO 1.2500 .0005

1.2501 TO 1.2000 +.0015-.0005

1.2001 TO 2.5000 +.0020-.0005

2.10.9 For holes or features located in a “bolt circle”, the angular relationship between the features are often expressed as “equally spaced.” This term shall imply a basic angular (0 tolerance) relationship. A feature control frame will always follow to give the allowable tolerance variation

CROSS – DRILLED HOLES

FIGURE 9.0

2.11 In-Process Dimension.

2.11.1 An “in-process” dimension is a dimension which must be met sometime during the manufacture of the part and because of subsequent processing may: (a) not be measurable in the final piece and/or (b) change as a result of welding, brazing, final machining, etc.

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2.11.2 “In-process” dimensions will not be given on the design engineering drawing but will be left to the discretion of Manufacturing Engineering. The only exception is:drawings that have dimensions held to a .001 inch (.0254 mm) tolerance or tighter will have before and after finish values if the part is to be hard anodized or cadmium plated.

2.12 Intersecting Surfaces. Dimensions governing intersecting surfaces are shown to the theoretical intersection points (See Figure 10.0).

INTERSECTING SURFACES

FIGURE 10.0

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2.13 Lockwiring and Cotter Pins.

2.13.1 Where lockwire is required, material, size, and method of lockwiring shall meet the requirements of MS33540.

2.13.2 Where cotter pins are specified, length may vary as long as the requirements of MS33540 are maintained.

2.14 Parallelism for Machine Features.

2.14.1 Parallelism is the condition of a surface, axis or line which is equidistant at all points from a datum plane or axis.

2.14.2 Unless otherwise specified on the drawing, out-of-parallel for machined elements shall not exceed .004 inch (.102 mm) per inch (25.4 mm) of length up to a maximum of .015 inch (.381 mm).

2.15 Radius. A radius is a faired curved surface that is tangent to adjacent surfaces within the dimensional limits specified. All portions of the faired curve shall have a radius of curvature that is within the dimensional limits specified by the drawings.

2.15.1 Blend is a smooth merging of surfaces without abrupt changes in contour (See Figure 11.0).

2.15.1.1 Blend is used where a radius of specified dimension is not required. Corners, edges, and joining of surfaces are examples.

2.15.1.2 Inspection of “blend-radius” is visual.

2.15.1.3 The intersection of curved surfaces or curved and plane surfaces, shown as tangent on a drawing, shall be tangent.

2.15.1.4 Blend radii will be designated on the drawing with limits or tolerances as used with other radii (See Figure 11.0).

2.15.1.5 The term “R Approx” or “Approx R” used on drawings shall be interpreted the same as “Blend R.”

2.15.2 Corner Radius (See Paragraph 2.3.2.).

2.15.3 Fillet Radius. When a sharp fillet radius (on machined features) is shown on a drawing, the radius shall be .005 to .017 inch (.127 mm to .432 mm)

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INTERPRETATION – Possible acceptable results after blending are represented by lines A, B, C, D and E of this illustration. A and E represent extremes of blend bound by true radii limits. B and D represent straight lines and curves simulating chamfers. C represents possible raised or sunken surfaces. X and Y represent smooth joining of surfaces, within the definition of blend.

BLEND OR BLEND R

FIGURE 11.0

If the drawing specifies a Blend R, the acceptable limits, and typical acceptable conditions, are as shown in Figure 11.0.

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2.15.4 Full Radius. An external and/or internal full radius is a smooth merging of adjacent surfaces without abrupt changes in contour (See Figure 12.0). The radius must meet the conditions of a blend radius (See Figure 11.0). For an internal full radius, the radius must be exactly one half the slot width. An internal full radius is a smooth merging of surfaces without abrupt changes in contour.

FULL R., INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL

FIGURE 12.0

2.16 Squareness for Machined Features.

2.16.1 Squareness (perpendicularity) refers to the relationship of two intersecting lines, axes, planes, or surfaces forming an angle of 90 degrees.

2.16.2 Surfaces of machined parts may not be out of square “F” by more than .004 inch per inch (.102 mm per 25.4 mm) of length “G” (See Figure 13.0).

NOTE: For turned faces and ends, refer to Paragraph 2.8 and refer to Figure 16.0.

SQUARENESS

FIGURE 13.0

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2.17 Threads.

2.17.1 Thread representation and general requirements shall be in accordance with ANSI Y14.6, and NBS, National Bureau of Standards Handbook H28 Thread Form shall be in accordance with MIL-S-7742 and AS-8879 as applicable.

2.17.2 Thread Chamfer. See Paragraph 2.6.3 and 2.6.4.

2.17.3 Countersink. See paragraph 2.7.3.

2.17.4 The direction of all threads shall be right hand, unless otherwise specified on the drawing.

2.17.5 Thread Length.

2.17.5.1 Thread length indicated on drawing is for minimum gage fit.

2.17.5.2 Thread length “L” in holes is measured as follows (See Figure 14.0):

a. For straight and countersunk holes – measure from the surface of the base material.

b. For counterbored holes – measure from the flat machined surface at the bottom of the counterbore

MINIMUM LENGTH OF THREADS

FIGURE 14.0

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2.17.6 Thread Relief.

2.17.6.1 Reliefs shown on a drawing without dimensions shall conform to Figure 15.0.

2.17.6.2 All threads which run into a relief must be full or perfect threads.

2.17.7 Thread Runout.

2.17.7.1 Thread runout shall fair into the major or minor diameter, eliminating any abrupt change in cross sectional area.

2.17.7.2 External runout shall not be less than one, nor more than two, pitches in length.

2.17.7.3 The axis of the threads must be square with the face or shoulder within .005 inch per inch (.127 mm per 25.4 mm) of length (See Figure 16.0). This does not apply when the tolerance on a hole location is applied by the use of positional tolerance.

Thread Relief “A”.

Thd sizes under .100” = .005” maximum.Thd sizes .101” thru 1.0” = .010” maximumThd sizes over 1.0” = .020” maximum

Thd sizes under 2.54 mm = .127 mm maximumThd sizes 2.57 mm thru 25.4 mm = .254 mm maximum.Thd sizes over 25.4 mm = .508 mm maximum

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THREAD RELIEF

FIGURE 15.0

.005 inch (.127mm) maximum .005 inch (.127 mm) maximumout-of-square per inch out-of-square per inch(25.4 mm) of THD length. (25.4 mm) of THD depth

SQUARENESS OF THREADS FIGURE 16.0

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2.18 “Thru” Callouts. The term “THRU” when used on a drawing shall mean extending from one surface to the surface opposite (thru one wall only, See Figure 17.0).

“THRU” CALLOUT

FIGURE 17.0

2.19 Tubing.

2.19.1 Flattening of tubes due to bending shall not be more than 10 percent of the actual outside diameter.

2.19.2 Tubing shall be free from all defects such as scratches, nicks, burrs and dents that affect the wall thickness to an extent of 10 percent or more of the wall thickness. Cracks are not allowed. Defects, other than cracks, affecting less than 10 percent of the wall thickness are acceptable provided such defects are removed without exceeding drawing or specification tolerances.

2.20 Formed Metal Parts.

2.20.1 Angular Tolerance:

Class I 00 30’Class II 10 30’Class III 50

2.20.2 Burrs.

2.20.2.1 Burrs at edges of holes will be removed.

2.20.2.2 Burrs not to exceed .010 inch (.254 mm) are permissible on louvered openings or similar parts where removal of these burrs would be impractical.

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2.20.3 Classification.

2.20.3.1 Class I formed metal parts are defined as those parts requiring a maximum of surface smoothness to assemble and function adequately. Examples of Class I parts are aerodynamic surface and parts attaching to aerodynamic surfaces.

2.20.3.2 Class II formed metal parts are defined as those parts requiring a degree of surface smoothness that will allow satisfactory installation of joined parts, but will allow a greater economy in fabrication than will Class I. Examples of Class II parts are internal structural flanges, webs, etc.

2.20.3.3 Class III formed metal parts are defined as those parts having few surface smoothness requirements and no critical joining parts. Examples of Class III parts are stiffener flanges, secondary structures, etc.

2.20.4 Formed metal parts shall be fabricated to the requirements of Class II, unless otherwise specified on the drawing.

2.20.5 Surface irregularity measurements shall be made perpendicular to the part surface from adjacent crests to enclosed trough as illustrated in Figure 18.0. All surface irregularities, such as warping, bowing, canning, and spring-back, may be restrained from the free state variation in order to meet drawing conditions. The restraining forces are those that would be exerted in the assembling or functioning of the part

SURFACE IRREGULARITY

FIGURE 18.0

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2.20.6 Corners. Unless the drawing specifically states otherwise, on the corners of blanked sheet metal parts a maximum radius equal to the thickness of the sheet will be permissible up to .125 inch (3.175 mm) (See Figure 19.0).

CORNERS ON SHEET METAL

FIGURE 19.0

2.20.7 Formed or spun parts shall be free of cracks.

2.20.8 See Figure 20.0 and Table V for limits of flange irregularities.

FLANGE IRREGULARITY

FIGURE 20.0

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TABLE V

IRREGULARITY LIMITS

CLASS A B C

INCH MM INCH MM

I 00 45’ .008 x W .203 x W .010 .254II 20 .015 x W .381 x W .030 .762III 60 .060 x W 1.524 x W .060 1.524

2.20.9 Sheared Edges.

2.20.9.1 All sharp edges must be broken a minimum of .003 inch (.076 mm) Blend R. This is mandatory to protect personnel handling the stock in subsequent operations.

2.20.9.2 When burring, a maximum of .01 inch (.25 mm) blend is allowed on material up to and including .062 inch (1.676 mm) thickness and up to .03 inch (.76 mm) maximum blend on thicker material.

2.20.9.3 The tolerance on breakaway of punched holes and sheared edges is shown in Figure 21.0 and Table VI.

TABLE VI

BREAKAWAY

THICKNESS MAXIMUM BREAKAWAY B MAXIMUM BREAKAWAY C

T 10% of T maximum not to exceed .020 inch (.508 mm)

75% of T maximum

FIGURE 21.0

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2.20.10 Surface Requirements.

2.20.10.1 Warping, bowing, wrinkling, canning and simple or compound surfaces shall be acceptable within the limitations shown in Figure 22.0.

D = .010 in. (.254 mm) for Class I.020 in. (.762 mm) for Class II.060 in. (1.524 mm) for Class III

SURFACE REQUIREMENTS

FIGURE 22.0

2.20.10.2 Variations from flatness of nominally flat parts shall be per Figure 23.0 and Table VII.

FLATNESS

FIGURE 23.0

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TABLE VII

VARIATION FROM FLATNESS

NOMINAL THICKNESS OF MATERIAL “T”

MEASURED LENGTH OR WIDTH DIMENSION OF PART

0 thru 3 inch

0 thru 76.2 mm

Over 3 thru 10 in

Over 76.2 thru 254 mm

Over 10 thru 24 in

Over 254 thru 610 mm

Over 24 thru 48 in

Over 610 thru 1219 mm

Over 48 inch

Over 1219 mm

From Thru Maximum Variation “V” along Measured Direction

Inch mm Inch mm Inch mm Inch mm Inch mm Inch mm Inch mm

.016

.041

.095

.406

1.041

2.413

.040

.094

.188

1.016

2.388

4.775

.015

.010

.008

.381

.254

.203

.040

.030

.025

1.016

.762

.635

.080

.055

.040

2.032

1.397

1.016

.160

.110

.080

4.064

2.794

2.032

….

.130

.230

….

3.302

3.302

NOTE: In any one part, two waves not exceeding the tabulated variation shall be permissible; additional waves shall not exceed 50 percent of the tabulated variation. Flattening operations may be used to meet the requirements of paragraph 2.20.10.2.

2.21 Critical Characteristics.

2.21.1 Dimensions denoted with define critical characteristics and will require 100% inspection. The following general note will be stated on the component drawing:

Dimensions denoted with define critical characteristics and will require 100% inspection.

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3.0 MANUFACTURING PRACTICES AND DEFINITIONS (UNMACHINED PARTS).

Manufacturing practices and definitions for unmachined parts (castings, forgings, and sintered parts).

3.1 General. This section gives definitions of terms used on drawings and specifies the tolerances allowed in manufacture when specific tolerances are not given on a drawing.

3.2 Angles. When angular tolerance and linear tolerance both are concerned in the location of some features of the part, the sum of these tolerances shall not be used. The tolerance which allows the least amount of variation will be applied.

3.2.1 An angular tolerance of plus or minus 30 minutes (00 30’) shall apply to all non-dimensioned angles (such as surfaces which are shown to be perpendicular to each other) except vertical and horizontal locating centerlines. Locating centerlines (horizontal and vertical) shall be considered basic (without tolerance).

3.3 Basic Dimension. A basic (BSC) or dimension is a theoretical value which describes the exact size, shape or location of a feature. It is used as a basis from which permissible variations are established by feature control frame, by note or callout.

3.4 Centerlines. Centerlines or the center of symmetrical shapes shown to be common or to intersect on a drawing of a casting, forging or sintered part shall coincide or intersect the established datum plane(s) within the tolerance stated in Table VIII.

TABLE VIII

TOLERANCE (FIM) TYPE OF PART.020 Seamless Forgings.005 Die & Castings.015 Investment Castings & Sintered Parts.050 Permanent Mold Castings

Sand Castings

Seamed Forgings

NOTE: Applies to features in one (of the two dies) die only.

x.xxx

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3.5 Combination Drawings. When the machined part and the casting, forging or sintered part are fabricated from the same drawing, the drawing shall depict the finished

configuration. Machined features are depicted using the following symbols: or . All unmachined parts are to be identified (for stocking purposes) by placing a “C” before the part number.

3.6 Datum Planes. Datum planes shall be interpreted as three mutually perpendicular planes (unless otherwise specified) from which dimensions originate (See Figure 24.0).

DATUM PLANES

FIGURE 24.0

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3.6.1 Relationships between datum targets and datum planes: Datum targets define and identify three datum planes (See Figure 25.0).

Datum plane

DATUM TARGETS

FIGURE 25.0

3.6.2 Datum Target Symbol. The letter identified the datum plane and the number is the datum target’s individual identity (See Figure 26.0).

DATUM TARGET SYMBOL

FIGURE 26.0

X 2

Datum plane “X” is established by 3 points not in a straight line.

Datum plane “Z” is established by one point and byits relation to planes “X” & “Y”.

Datum plane “Y” is established by 2 points and by its relation to plane “X”

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3.7 Draft. Always adds material, unless otherwise specified.

3.8 Flatness, Straightness and Waviness.

3.8.1 Flatness. Flatness is a tolerance zone confined by two parallel planes within which the entire surface must lie. Total waviness may not exceed dimensional tolerance.

3.8.2 Straightness. Pertains to longitudinal elements on a surface of shafts and holes only. The allowable bend must fall within the tolerance zone. Total straightness deviation may not exceed dimensional tolerance.

3.9 Gage Dimension. “Gage” specified after a dimensional callout on a drawing shall have the same meaning as "“basic"” refer to Paragraph 3.3, Basic Dimensions.

3.10 Intersecting Surfaces. Dimensions governing intersecting surfaces are shown to the theoretical intersection points (See Figure 27.0).

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The above interpretation applied where the fillet radius is sufficiently large in relation to the step to provide a natural draft equal to or greater than the maximum specified draft angle.

The above interpretation applies where the fillet radius is less than or equal to the step dimension, and where the fillet radius is too small to provide a natural draft equal to or greater than the maximum specified draft angle.

INTERSECTING SURFACES

FIGURE 27.0

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3.11 Mismatch and Snags. Unless otherwise specified on the drawing, mismatch and snags must fall within the tolerance zone.

3.12 Radius. Radius is a smooth merging of surfaces without abrupt changes in contour. The intersection of curved, or curved and plane, surfaces shown as tangent on a drawing shall be tangent. Allowable mismatch shall not exceed the sum of the tolerance and shall blend smoothly.

3.12.1 Full Radius. See Figure 28.0

ACCEPTABLE NOT ACCEPTABLE

NOTE: The above “not acceptable” conditions do not apply where a parting line is involved on seamed forgings.

FULL RADIUS (INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL)

FIGURE 28.0

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3.12.2 Blend Radius. See Figure 29

Interpretation. Possible acceptable results after blending are represented by lines A, B, C, D, and E of this illustration. A and E represent extremes of blend bound by true radii limits. B and D represent straight lines and curves simulating chamfers. C represents possible raised or sunken surfaces. X and Y represent smooth joining of surfaces within the definition of blend.

BLEND RADIUS

FIGURE 29.0

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3.13 Roundness (or Out of Round). Roundness, or out of round, is the total radial variation from a true circle. It must not exceed the tolerance limits on a diameter or radius.

3.14 Surface Roughness.

3.14.1 Cast surface roughness shall be a visual inspection comparison between the casting and “the cast surface comparator.”

3.14.1.1 Comparators shall meet the standards of Teledyne cat products surface comparator PCT65-001 (FSCM 20137).

3.14.2 When the drawing specifies a C-XX reference scale, inspect per drawing.

3.14.3 When the drawing has no roughness specified, inspect per Table IX.

TABLE IX

MAXIMUM TYPE OF PART

C20

C30

C40

C50

Die Casting

Investment Castings

Permanent Mold Castings

Sand Castings

NOTE: No localized areas rougher than C-90.

3.14.4 Surface roughness does not apply to mismatch or snagged areas.

3.14.5 Sand blasting is permitted to obtain these finish requirements for castings used in Eaton product line Ground Fueling or Commercial non-military products.

3.15 Critical Characteristics.

3.15.1 Dimensions denoted with define critical characteristics and will require 100% inspection. The following general note will be stated on the component drawing:

Dimensions denoted with define critical characteristics and will require 100% inspection.

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4.0 AIRFRAME DIVISION IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS

4.1 General.

4.1.1 A part as defined may consist of one, two or more pieces joined together, which are not normally subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of the design.

4.1.2 A subassembly as defined will be two or more parts which form a portion of an assembly or unit replaceable as a whole, but having a part or parts which could be individually replaceable.

4.1.3 A unit as defined is an assembly or any combination of parts, or possibly subassemblies mounted together, capable of independent operation in a variety of situations.

4.1.4 Machine readable identification is not applicable unless otherwise specified in the contract. When machine readable identification is required, the customer must specify the type to be use.

4.1.5 Finished parts shall be identified with the design activity (CAGE Code), hyphen “-“, the part number and the part revision letter (“-“ if it is the initial release) before being placed in the stockroom.

Example: 86090-214792- or 86090-207845A

4.1.5.1 Casting part numbers and semi-finished parts the marking of design activity (cage code) is optional.

Example: C21450A or 20532-1E

4.1.6 Sub-assemblies shall be identified with the design activity (CAGE Code), the notation “ASSY”, part number and revision letter (“-“ if it is initial release) before being placed in the stockroom.

Example: 86090ASSY44610-.

4.1.7 Units shall be identified per Eaton Corporation latest released production configuration sales drawing requirements.

4.1.8 Any special requirements or limitations (not covered by this specification) are to be called out on the engineering drawing and/or the process routing.

4.1.9 Identification shall not be located where it may interfere with the function of the part, such as on sealing surfaces or sliding surfaces.

4.1.10 Unless otherwise specified, the marking letters shall not be more than 3/16 inchnor less than 3/32 inch high. Size of lettering should be compatible with the size of the part being marked.

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4.1.11 When no location is designated on the engineering drawing (whether the drawingis interpreted per ES-1 or not), the preferred method is to have the ident number ink stamped on a non-functional surface. If ink stamping is not practical, the packaging or tagging method shall be used.

4.1.12 Permanent casting heat number identification appearing on non-machined (if practical) surfaces is prescribed on all casting drawings. However, if during processing the heat number is machined away, the re-identification of the heat number is not necessary due to quality log entry, P.O., and serial number traceability

4.1.13 Part marking requirements and acceptable methods for application per Eaton SOP08-001,” Standard Part Marking Practices” and for parts subjected to phosphate ester (skydrol) service PS444.

5.0 GROUND FUELING DIVISION IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS

5.1General.

5.1.2 A part is defined as one, two or more pieces joined together, which are not normally subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of the design.

5.1.3 A subassembly is defined as two or more parts which form portion of an assembly or a unit replaceable as a whole, but having a parts or parts which could be individually replaceable.

5.1.4 A unit is defined as an assembly or any combination of parts, subassemblies and subassemblies mounted together, capable of independent operation in a variety of situations.

5.1.5 Machine readable identification is not applicable unless otherwise specified in the contract. When machine readable identification is required, the customer must specify the type to be use.

5.1.6 Parts and subassemblies shall be identified by the part number and revision letter (“-“ if it is the initial release) before being placed in the stockroom.

Example: 221234 AExample: 64348 AB

5.1.7 Any special requirements or limitations (not covered by this specification) are to be called out on the engineering drawing and/or the process routing.

5.1.8 Identification shall not be located where it may interfere with the function of the part, such as on sealing surfaces or sliding surfaces.

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5.1.9 Unless otherwise specified, the markings shall be legible, with the size of lettering compatible with the size of the part being marked.

5.1.10 When no location is designated on the engineering drawing (whether it is interpreted per ES-1 or not), the preferred method is to have the identification number ink stamped on a non-functional surface. If ink stamping is not practical, the packaging or tagging method shall be used.

6.0 AIRFRAME DIVISION MARKING METHODS AND MATERIALS

6.1 Marking methods and materials for Government only shall be per MIL-STD-130.

6.2 Parts of sufficient size and available surface area shall be identified by ink stamping directly on appropriate surface. A note stating “Ink stamp identification number per ES-1 on surface noted” shall appear on all new drawings. However, identification on container, box or tag is sufficient.

6.3 Color of ink used shall contrast with the color of the part being marked.

6.4 Composition of ink used shall be such that it will not damage the finish of the part being marked.

6.5 Identification by packaging or tagging is permissible if ink stamping is not practical due to the size, finish or composition of the part. A note stating “Identify per ES-1” shall appear on drawings that meet this criteria.

7.0 GROUND FUELING DIVISION MARKING METHODS AND MATERIALS

7.1 Marking methods and materials for Government only shall be per MIL-STD-130.

7.2 Parts of sufficient size and available surface area shall be identified by ink stamping directly on appropriate surface.

7.3 Color of ink used shall contrast with the color of the part being marked.

7.4 Composition of ink used shall be such that it will not damage the finish of the part being marked.

7.5 Identification by tagging is permissible if ink marking is not practical due to the size, finish or composition of the part or packing.

7.6 Marking on final assemblies can be accomplished by vibro etching or stamping on external surfaces not affecting the function on the part.

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ENGINEERING STANDARD 1 INTERPRETATION OF DRAWINGS

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