Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with...

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Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität Greifswald, Institut für Biochemie, Lehrstuhl für Bioorganische Chemie DNA habitats and their RNA inhabitants, 3‐5 July 2014, Salzburg, Austria

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Page 1: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world 

Sabine Müller 

Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität Greifswald,  

Institut für Biochemie,  

Lehrstuhl für Bioorganische Chemie 

DNA habitats and their RNA inhabitants, 3‐5 July 2014, Salzburg, Austria 

Page 2: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

 Our “RNA world”  

Synthesis !Modified nucleosides and nucleotides 

!Modified long‐mer RNAs 

!DNA/RNA modifiers 

!Trinucleotide synthons (gene libraries) 

Engineering !Self‐processing RNAs !Twin ribozymes 

!Aptazymes 

!RNA aminoacylase ribozyme 

Selection in vitro !Aptamers for diagnostics and therapy 

!Ribozymes 

Functional studies !Ribozymes 

!Riboswitches  

RNA 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 3: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Engineering of RNA activity 

3 smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

• Aminoacylation • Signal transduction • Self‐ligation  • Topology change /oligomerization  • Recombination 

Xu et al., ChemBioChem, 2014  Strohbach et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006; Electroanalysis, 2008 

Page 4: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

The hairpin ribozyme 

‐derived from Tobacco Ringspot 

  Virus Satellite RNA 

 

‐positively charged co‐factors  

 (Mg2+) required for activity 

 

‐bent active conformation with 

  contacts between loop A and 

  loop B 

 

‐catalyzes the reversible 

  cleavage of a specific 

  phosphodiester bond 

 

 

‐internal equlibrium is shifted 

  towards ligation  

 

C AC A C U - 5'

5'- A A A G A GA

G AA

G U G A AC GC GA UG C

A GA A A C

A

CA

UU

A UA

UG

A UC G

U 3'A

Loop B

Loop A

U G

H-1 H-2H-3

H-4C G

GU

U

U U U UC C3'-

substrate strand

ribozymestrand

! smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 5: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Catalytic strategies used by the hairpin ribozyme 

! General acid‐base catalysis 

 

! Electrostatic stabilization of the charged transition state 

 

! Conformational effects facilitating the formation of the 

     in‐line geometry 

OO A-1

OOPO OO

O G+1

OHO

H

OO

A-1

OOPO O

OO G+1

OHO

OO A-1

OOP

-O O

OO G+1

OHO

H

HB B

A H A

Timothy et al., RNA, 2011 smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 6: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Ligation profits from structural stabilization 

Minimal motif  Three‐way junction  Four‐way junction 

Ligation 

Cleavage 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

kcleave

 = 0.2 min‐1 

klig      = 0.4 min‐1 

kcleave

 = 0.5 min‐1 

klig      = 2.9 min‐1 

Page 7: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Favoring cleavage/ligation by structural manipulation 

Hairpin ribozymes with stable secondary (and tertiary) structure favor ligation, while hairpin ribozymes that are less stable, however stable enough to fold into a catalytically competent structure, favor cleavage. 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 8: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Autocatalytic self‐ligation 

8 Gwiazda et al., Biochimie, 2012 smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 9: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Can we program an RNA molecule to run through a cascade of cleavage and ligation reactions and to change its topology? 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 10: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

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Initial purpose: making circular RNA 

Pieper et al. (2007) Chem. Biol.;  Petkovic & Müller (2013) FEBS Lett. smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 11: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Hairpin Ribozyme Dimerization … and Concatemerization? 

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Hairpin ribozym dimers were identified previously! S. E. Butcher & J. M. Burke, 1994, Biochemistry 33, 992‐999. 

C AC A C U - 5'

5'- A A A G A GA

G AA

G U G A AC GC GA UG C

A GA A A C

A

CA

UU

A UA

UG

A UC G

U 3'A

Loop B

Loop A

U G

H-1 H-2H-3

H-4C G

GU

U

U U U UC C3'-

substrate strand

ribozymestrand

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 12: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Product spectrum 

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103 

83 94  92 

186  175 

166  177 

! Analysis of oligomers (Sequencing, conc. variation, 2D PAGE,  exonuclease  digestion) 

 

! Imaging (Stefan Block, Mihaela Delcea, ZIK HIKE) 

 

! Further evaluation/optimization of the system using computer‐aided prediction (Ivo  

     Hofacker, Christoph Flamm, Vienna University) 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 13: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Concentration dependence 

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% Intensity

Concentration

RNA species

0.4 µM 2 µM 10 µM No.

linear trimer ? 1.2 2.0 4.5 e

circular dimer ? 8.2 7.3 7.0 d

circular 83mer 8.1 6.7 9.5 c

linear dimer 4.2 13.6 16.2 b

linear 83mer 78.3 70.5 62.8 a

smu_Salzburg_07/2014  Petkovic & Müller, FEBS Lett., 2013 

Page 14: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

2D gel analysis 

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a 100b b c 200b d 300b

2 dimensionndb)a) 1 dimensionst

a

b

c

d

100b

200b

300b

1 2 3 a b c d

native denaturingdenaturing

smu_Salzburg_07/2014  Petkovic & Müller, FEBS Lett., 2013 

Page 15: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Exonuclease assay 

15 Petkovic & Müller, FEBS Lett., 2013 

ladder  0 min  2 min 

control 

4 min 

PDE I  PDE I  co co  PDE I 

cyclic 

monomer 

dimer 

l‐83 ladder 

Page 16: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Summary: self‐processing hairpin ribozyme variants 

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… programmed self-cleavage and self-ligation for topology change ! circular species and concatemers … computer-aided design towards preferential circularization/oligomerization … external control of activity and sequence flexibility ! Technology for the synthesis of functional circular RNAs

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 17: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

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Two RNA cleavage reactions and two ligations Activity control by stability modulation of the twin ribozyme-substrate/product complexes Up to 53 % yield of fragment exchange

Ribozyme mediated RNA recombination  

Welz et al. (2003) Angew. Chem. smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 18: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Twin ribozymes 

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! Facile dissociation of the red sequence versus       stable binding of the blue sequence 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 19: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Thermodynamics and kinetics of fragment exchange 

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Tm = 38 °C 

KD  = 6.7 µM 

 

kon = 5.2 105 M‐1 s‐1   

koff = 5 s‐1  

Tm = 73 °C 

KD  = 6.2 nM 

 

kon = 6.7 105 M‐1 s‐1 

koff = 0.01 s‐1  

smu_Salzburg_07/2014  Ivanov et al., FEBS J., 2005 

Page 20: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Twin ribozyme mediated RNA recombination 

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Welz et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2424‐2427; Ivanov et al., FEBS J., 2005, 272, 4464‐4474. Balke et al., ChemMedChem, 

2014, just accepted 

Drude et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 2007, 363, 24‐29 

Vauléon et al., ChemBioChem 2005, 6, 2158‐2162 

45 % 

20 % 

5‐30% 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 21: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Hairpin ribozyme mediated recombination 

21 Robert Hieronymus 

functional part 

functional part 

functional part  functional part 

non‐functional part 

non‐functional part 

Non‐functional 

RNAs 

Functional ribozyme 

Recombination reaction 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 22: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Summary: RNA recombination 

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Twin ribozymes mediate two cleavages and two ligation events in a strictly controlled manner !fragment exchange !activity control by stability modulation of the twin ribozyme-substrate/product complexes  

 

Hairpin ribozyme Mediates recombination of two non-functional RNAs by two cleavages and one ligation event !Generation of functional hammerhead ribozyme (self-cleavage)   

 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 23: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Conclusions 

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• Self‐assembly and ligation • Response to external stimuli • Oligomerization and topology change • Recombination 

smu_Salzburg_07/2014 

Page 24: Engineering of ribozymes with useful activities in … Mueller.pdfEngineering of ribozymes with useful activities in the ancient RNA world Sabine Müller Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität

Greifswald 

AG Bioorganische Chemie,  Institut für Biochemie 

Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt Universität Greifswald  

DFG, BMWi 

Darko 

Robert 

and ….Jiacui Xu, Denise Strohbach, Sonja Petkovic….  

Collaborators Vienna University 

Ivo Hofacker 

Christoph Flamm 

Stefan Badelt 

ZIK HIKE Greifswald 

Mihaela Delcea 

Stephan Block 

Thanks to All!