Engineering Environment in Pakistan

Changing Role of Chemical / Mechanical Engineers

Engineering Environment in Pakistan

Changing Role of Chemical / Mechanical Engineers

Contributors to Engineering Scenarios

Manufacturing Industries

ProcessIndustry

Availabilities of Raw material and

UtilitiesGovt. Statistics

IssuesOf

Environment

Consumers Goods& Formulations

Industry

Govt. Legislation+

Taxes

Business &

Financing

Human Resource

MarketImports / Exports

Technical / Engg.Universities

Regional Opportunities

S.No.

Indicators 2004-05

2005-06

1 Population (Million) 152.53 153.45

2 Per capita income (US $) 736.00 847.00

3 Exports (Billion US $) 14.39 8.07

4 Imports (Billion US $) 20.60 13.65

5 Trade balance (Billion US $) -6.21 -5.58

6 GDP Growth Rate (%) 8.40 7.00

7 Industrial Sector (growth rate) 10.20 8.00

8 Manufacturing Sector (growth rate) 12.50 9.00

Economic Indicators of the Country

S.No. Indicators 2004-05 2005-06

9 Large scale manufacturing 15.60 9.00

10 Small scale manufacturing 6.00 -

Share in GDP

11 Industrial sector 24.50 25.10

12 Manufacturing sector 18.30 17.90

13 Agriculture sector 23.10 22.50

14 Service sector 52.40 52.10

15 Consumer price index (%) 9.28 8.43

Continue…

Future Visual Domain of an Engineer

Major Issues in the West1. Design for Safety (Changing practices)2. Sustainable Development3. Environment4. Ergonomics5. Research and Development6. Other challenges include

Resource recycling

Energy conservation

Energy storage

Alternative energy

1. Design for Safety

Acceptable risk Residual risk Risk assessment Potential risk Hazard

Inherent Safety Strategies(& Intrinsic Safety) Minimize….use smaller quantities of hazardous substances ( Minimize storage/inventory,pipe sizes,vessel sizes,buffer capacities.

It significantly reduced fire & explosion index, risk index, etc.)

Substitute…. replace a material with less hazardous substance Moderate ….use less hazardous form/conditions for using substances

(liquid/solid/pellet/pastes) Simplify….design processes & facilities to avoid unnecessary

complexity that are tolerant to human error. Layer protection….equipment can fail and people can make

mistakes, whatever training is undertaken. Build safety at designing stage is desired in layers.

Intensification of processes….high intensity mixers, spinning disks, compact exchangers, micro reaction technology, structured catalyst and better control.

The probability of accidents is to be reduced and ultimately eliminatedIf an accident can happen it will !

Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present generation without comprising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.

Sustainable development is not a fixed state of harmony, but a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, direction of investment and the orientation of technology are constituent with the present & future.

Some of the drivers for sustainable development are Environmental issues Socio-economic issues

2. Sustainable Development

Typical Examples for Sustainability Use of high chimneys to avoid acidic flue gases. CFC effects ozone layer replaced with HFC MTBE replaced in gasoline instead of TEL.

Today the Technology has to deal with different system levels, e.g.

Sr. No.

System Major discipline involved

1 World biotic and abiotic Ecology, politics, physics, Chemistry

2 Social infrastructure Social science, politics, economy, law, ecology, civil-engineering, city, architecture and landscape

3 Industrial complex Civil Engineering, economics, law

4 Process / Unit operation Chemical Engineering

5 Equipment Chemical and Mechanical Engineering

6 Catalyst Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering

3-5 Environment Ergonomics and R & D

Similarly the issues of Environment, Ergonomic Design & Development is the focus of Research and Development.

The availability of new technology, measurement techniques and customers demand is leading to Research & Development to enhance suppliers capability.

SuppliersCapability

CustomersDemand

A typical Model for Sustainable Development with System based tools for Environmental Managements is

Recognize Problem

Define & Frame

Formulate Objectives

ARTICULATION OF PEOPLE’S VALUES

SYNTHESIS

TechnologicalOptions

RiskAssessment

ScientificAssessment

EconomicAppraisal

ImplementationAnalysis

DECISIONReview

Major Issues in Pakistan

1. Men, Money, Machines & Information

2. Manufacturing Processes

3. Innovations

4. Research and Development

1(a). Human Resource (Men)

Proper Education & Training is desired.

1(b). Financial Resource

The money supply in the country has been irregular.

The financial institutions are not mature as that in the region.

The Government procedure are too cumbersome.

1(c). Machines & Information

2. Manufacturing Processes

3-4. Innovations and R & D

Research on indigenous problems.Solution oriented innovations.New development based on research.

“Every Problem is an Opportunity”

The Opportunity we are going to address in this seminar is targeted to.

“Design and Development in Chemical/ Mechanical Engineering”

Some of the Design Organizations in Pakistan DESCON JGC Haseeb Waqas Engineering Limited Pakistan Steel Fabricated Co-operation

Limited, Karachi HMC, Taxila Pakistan Aeronautical Complex

Some of the Fabrication Companies in Pakistan DDFC HI Tech HMC Machine Tool Karachi Karachi Shipyard Technique Engineering Services, Lahore Petrosin A. Karim & Sons (Pvt) Limited Chenab Engineering Crown Engineering Material Craft Matchless Engineering (PVT) Limited Engineering Associates SG Engineering Limited

Process Design Methods Manual Computer Aided

Changing Role of Design Engineer

1. Product development is a cross-functional knowledge-intensive work that has become increasingly important in the fast-paced globally competitive environment.

2. The traditional role of design engineers in product development was limited to technical design decision. As product development efforts use cross-functional teams and knowledge sharing, the Design Engineers are required to do more and to know more.

3. As a firm shifts towards integrated product development, the functions (R & D, marketing, engineering and manufacturing etc) operate in a collaborative manner. Barriers to communication are removed, Knowledge is properly transferred and complex problems are resolved in a timely manner.

(A diagrammatical relationship is shown on next slide)

Clarity of Projects Targets

(Clarity)

Product DevelopmentProductivity(DEVPROD)

Shared Knowledgeabout Customers

(SKCUST)

Role Change of Design Engineers

(RCDE)

Role of Engineer in Equipment Fabrication

A Project Manager (A leader & Integrator)A Specialist (Source of Knowledge)An Inventor (Creativity & Innovation)

Major Human Skills Desired

Defining Skills ( Technical Domain )

Enabling Skills (Social Domain )

Theoretical Understanding Communication

Practical Application Team-working

Technical Breadth Business Skills

Creativity and Innovation

Average Importance of Skills

Engineers as Opportunity Generators

Acquiring Technology. Innovation Chain. Linking Research with Market. Networking. Strategic Alliances.

Some of factors that contribute to a unique opportunity for Pakistan are:

Hardworking, educated cheap human resources.

Liberal financial policies for investment. Software Design through establishment of

Design Centres/ Companies. Fabrication of equipment at significantly

cheap rates.

Way Ahead Equip the human resource with the desired technical

knowledge and skills Provide opportunity of work in the country through

local and international collaboration. Establish design and development capabilities in the

country (like design centers being established in India, China and far east)

Development of pro-active approach in all domains with proper legislation for effective quality assurance and safe operating opportunities for continuous development.