Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices
description
Transcript of Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices
![Page 1: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Engineering 215Principles of Electrical Engineering
Physics 262Electrical Circuits and Devices
The Electronics Course
![Page 2: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Who should take this course?This course is part of the curriculum for
the following disciplines: Physics Engineering PhysicsAerospaceAgriculturalBiological SystemsChemicalCivil
IndustrialElectricalMechanical NuclearOceanPetroleumRadiological Health
![Page 3: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What are the course objectives?To be able to identify electrical
components in your everyday life To learn how to interpret electrical
schematicsTo design analog and digital circuitsTo build complex electrical circuitsTo use software for circuit design and
testing
![Page 4: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What are the course objectives?To develop troubleshooting techniques To get hands-on experience To learn how to use diagnostic equipmentTo understand the physics of electron flow
at the atomic levelTo improve our mathematics skills
![Page 5: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Where do we find electrical circuits? Communications
Radio, internet, telephone, television Data Processing
Desktop computers, servers Automobiles
displays, sensors, motors Home
lighting, heating, appliances Weather Stations
wind speed, precipitation, temperature Power Plants
moving magnets, transformers
![Page 6: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Let’s take notes….
The Electronics Course
![Page 7: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chapter 1Introduction
![Page 8: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chapter 1 - IntroductionElectricity
From the word “Elektron” Greek for “amber”
(Meter stick and Cup Demo)
![Page 9: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What’s the point? With knowledge about the fundamentals of
electricity we can create circuits that control the flow of electricity.
These circuits can work for us… …and think for us.
![Page 10: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is electricity?
Valence Electron
![Page 11: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
That’s Electricity!
![Page 14: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is electricity?
Valence Electron
![Page 15: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What can multimeters measure?VoltageCurrentResistanceFrequencyCapacitanceOther Functions
AC and DC (Voltages) Open and Closed Circuits Hold
Demos:9V Batteries
Wall OutletBody Resistance
![Page 16: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Symbols, Quantities, and Unitsq ivPR
![Page 17: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ohm’s LawV=IR
Electrical PowerP=IV
Resistance QuestionWhat is the resistance of a 100W light bulb?
![Page 18: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Today’s PlanTurn in Homework 0 before 5:00pm
In mailbox later or on the front table nowHomework 1
Check email for video
![Page 19: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Shocking DemoKey Idea: “Contact Resistance”
9-Volt Batteries Salt Water
Thought Questions: Is water a good conductor? What is de-ionized water?
![Page 20: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Inside of a 9 Volt Battery
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tr5ZB1eFhwc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_8n2Qgguto
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzgDffMcsUU (fake)
![Page 21: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What is an insulator?a material that does not allow electrons
to flow freelyExamples:
Wood Plastics Ceramics Amber Air
![Page 22: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is a conductor?a material that allows free electron
movementExamples:
Aluminum Gold Copper Most Metals
![Page 23: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What is a semiconductor?a class of materials whose electron
conductivity is between that of a conductor and insulator
Examples: Silicon Germanium
![Page 24: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Circuit SymbolsResistorCapacitor InductorSwitchUnspecified Circuit Element BatteryBulb
![Page 26: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Sketch the circuit for the diagram above using standard circuit symbols.
![Page 27: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What is a short circuit? Answer: A low resistance path across the
terminals of an electrical energy source
![Page 28: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sprial Wound Shunt Type Slow Blow Fuse
![Page 32: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
GFCI
Circuit Beakers
http://home.howstuffworks.com/circuit-breaker2.htm
![Page 33: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Electrical Current
Current the rate of flow of charge through a conductor
measured in Amperes (1 A = 1 C/s) Charge of the Electron
e = -1.603 10-19 Coulombs Conventional Current
Direction of flow of positive (+) charges Electron Current
Opposite to that of conventional current
![Page 34: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Effect of Electric Currents on the Body 0.001 A can be felt 0.005 A is painful 0.010 A causes involuntary muscle
contractions 0.015 A causes loss of muscle control 0.070 A can be fatal if the current last for more
than 1 second
![Page 35: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Electricity & SafetyBody Resistance
100 Ohms (soaked in salt water) 500,000 Ohms (very dry)
How much voltage is fatal if you have dry skin? ...if you are soaked in salt water? “Current Kills”
How can we keep currents low in the lab?
![Page 36: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Current Equation
tqi
Current in Amperes (A)
Charge inCoulombs (C)
Time in Seconds (s)
dt)t(dqi Calculus:
![Page 37: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Types of ElectricityStatic Electricity - no motion of free
charges
Current Electricity - motion of free charges Direct Current (DC) Alternating Current (AC)
(Plot On Chalk Board)
![Page 38: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Homework 1
Any Questions?
![Page 41: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
VoltageVoltage is the measure of the potential
to move electrons.1 Volt = 1 Joule/CoulombSources of Voltage
Batteries (DC)
Wall Outlets (AC)
V9)t(v
)t120sin (V11 0)t(v
![Page 42: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
More Circuit Symbols
DC Voltage SupplyAC Voltage Supply
DC Current SupplyAC Current Supply
![Page 43: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Kirchhoff’s Current Law “The net current in a node is zero.”For example…
![Page 44: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law “The sum of the voltages in any
closed loop is zero.”
![Page 45: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Digital MultimetersMeasurement Device Circuit
Symbol
Voltage Voltmeter
Current Ammeter
Resistance Ohmeter
V
A
“Through”
“Across”
“Across”(and Not in circuit)
![Page 46: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Appendix B: Resistor Color Codes-2 Silver-1 Gold 0 Black1 Brown2 Red3 Orange4 Yellow5 Green6 Blue7 Violet8 Gray9 White
Tolerance 5% Gold10% Silver20% No 4th band
![Page 47: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Resistor Wattage LimitResistors will burn up if their power limit is
exceeded.
1/8 W 1/4 W 1/2 W 1 W 2 W
![Page 48: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Resistor EquationsOhm’s Law: v = iRResistance:
ALR
Resistivity in Ohms-meters ( m)
Cross-sectional AreaIn square meters (m2)
Length inMeters (m)
Resistance inOhms ()
![Page 49: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Resistivity of Copper0.000000017.2 Ωm
Resistivity of Water
181,800 Ωm
![Page 50: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Concept QuestionsHow would you experimentally
determine the resistivity of pencil lead?
![Page 51: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Example Problem 1.4Compute the resistance of a copper wire
having a diameter of 2.05 mm and a length of 10 m.
Example Problem 1.5 Determine the resistance and the current
drawn by a 1500 W heater when connected to a 120 V outlet.
![Page 52: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
In-Class ProblemsWhat is the speed of an electron in
household wiring? Assume:
Mobile electrons per cc 8.5 ×1022 electrons/cm3 (for copper, if 1 per atom)
2mm diameter wire 1A
![Page 53: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
In-Class ProblemsP1.36P1.45P1.55P1.64 P1.68
![Page 54: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
On to Chapter 2…
![Page 55: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Today’s LabToday’s Homework
![Page 56: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
How Batteries WorkBattery Parts: Two different metals
separated by an electrolyte History: The first battery was created by
Alessandro Volta in 1800. He used zinc, silver and salt water to
make a voltaic pile.
![Page 57: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
In-Class Team ProjectUsing the kitchen and office supplies
provided, build a battery.Start with Alessandro Volta’s voltaic pile.Each recorder will record the highest
voltage for the team on the chalkboard.Voltages must be approved/seen by the
instructor.The gatekeeper will make the
measurements using a voltmeter.You have 10 minutes.
![Page 58: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Digital Multimeters
Voltmeter, Ammeter, Ohmmeter
![Page 59: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Let’s make it interesting…
![Page 60: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica‘. He facilitated many civic organizations, including a fire department and a university.
![Page 61: Engineering 215 Principles of Electrical Engineering Physics 262 Electrical Circuits and Devices](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56815f92550346895dce93d4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
John TravoltagePhETPhysics Education Technology