Engineered Treatment Systems UV Disinfection · Engineered Treatment Systems UV Disinfection Jon...

“Determined to succeed, together”

Engineered Treatment Systems

UV Disinfection

Jon McClean, President ETS LLC

Tom Kruzick , Gasvoda /


Presentation Outline

• Company

• UV Disinfection

• Design Requirements

• ETS Equipment

• Direct Potable Reuse

• Advantages to Closed Vessel UV


UV Disinfection


Electromagnetic Spectrum

Primary Disinfection Range

(UVC) = 200 to 280 nm


ELEKTRODE + ELEKTRODE -

ELECTRODE + ELECTRODE -

How is UV Light Generated?

Voltage is applied across the electrode, exciting the mercury to create UV


What Does UV Do?

Disinfection

• Photons absorbed by DNA in microorganisms

lead to inactivation (inability to replicate) by

altering of thymine base units in the DNA

Photolysis

• Photons of UV light absorbed by molecules such

as chloramines or NDMA lead to chemical

change, resulting in their destruction


UV Effect to DNA

UV photons are absorbed by the DNA of a microorganism, damaging the DNA by causing thymine base units to bond with each other rather than across the “ladder”, causing a bulge in the DNA. The distorted DNA can not function properly (it is prevented from replicating)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_UV_mutation.svg


UV Lamp Types • Low Pressure

(40W–80W)

• Low Pressure High Output (Amalgam)

(100W–1,000W)

• Medium Pressure

(400W–25,000W)


Spectral Output of UV Lamps

0

4

8

12

16

200 250 300 350 400

wavelength / nm

Sp

ectr

al

Em

itta

nce (

rel)

Medium Pressure Lamp

Low Pressure Lamp (254 nm)

Disinfection Range


Lamp Comparison

Low Pressure Low Pressure

High Output

Medium

Pressure

Lamp Power (W) 40 to 80 100 to 1,000 400 to 25,000

Efficiency (%) 35 to 40 30 to 35 10 to 15

Lamp Life (hrs) 8,000 to 14,000 8,000 to 14,000 3,000 to 8,000

Lamp Surface Temperature (F) 110 110 1500

Wavelengths Monochromatic Monochromatic Polychromatic

Efficiency vs. Water Temp. (F) 60 > 60 Any


Design Requirements


Required Parameters

• Flowrate

• Water Quality (transmittance, TSS, metal

concentrations)

• Required Disinfection (dose/log reduction)

• Plant Hydraulics

• Redundancy Requirements


UV Transmittance

High Transmittance Low Transmittance


Typical UV Transmittance Values

Water Source Transmittance (T10%)

Ultrapure Water 100%

Distilled Water 98%

Drinking Water 85-95%

Membrane (WW) 70-80%

Secondary Filtered 65-70%

Secondary Unfiltered 50-65%

Meat Brine, Soft Drinks 0%


Total Suspended Solids


Dissolved Organics

DISSOLVED MATERIAL

SUSPENSED MATERIAL

10 mm 20 mm 30 mm 40 mm 50 mm

90% 81% 73% 65% 60%

100% 95% 90% 85% 80%

60%

75%

10

0%

1

00

%

Looks can be deceiving - clear soft drinks have transmittance of 0% due to dissolved sugars


Iron and Manganese Fouling

Medium Pressure Amalgam


ETS Equipment


Closed Vessel UV Systems

(superior solution to “traditional”

open channel systems)


Closed Vessel UV Systems

- Beverage and Brewery

- Ultrapure Water

Applications

- Swimming Pools, Water

Parks, and Splash Pads

(indoor and outdoor)

- Aquaculture

- Ballast Water

- Surface and Air

- Aquifer Storage and

Recovery Wells

- Drinking Water

Are the primary UV solution for all applications

except for municipal wastewater:


It Starts with a Model…


Predicting Performance


Medium Pressure WW/Reuse

SW

• Flange Size (inches)

– 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24 and 30

• Number of Lamps

– 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 18

• Lamp Power (kW)

– 1.3, 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, 5.8, and 7.3

• Constant Wattage Transformers (CWTs) and

Capacitors (50 to 100%)

• Relative or Absolute Monitoring

• SPECTRA Controls


LPHO WW/Reuse

UVLA • Flange Size (inches)

– 2 to 14

• Flange Locations

– Top/top, top/bottom, bottom/bottom, etc.

• Number of Lamps

– 1 to 32

• Lamp Power (W)

– 60 to 325

• Electronic Ballasts (50 to 100%)

• Relative or Absolute Monitoring



LPHO WW/Reuse

UVLW • Flange Size (inches)

– 8, 10, 16, and 20

• Number of Lamps

– 6, 8, 16, 20, 22, 30, and 45

• Lamp Power (W)

– 800

• Electronic Ballasts (30 to 100%)

• Absolute Monitoring

• Allen Bradley Controls


UVLW 800W LPHO Design

Chamfered Effluent

Non Uniform Lamp

Spacing

Influent Support Ring


NWRI Validation Reactor Body

Diameter (in)

Flange

Diameter (in)

Flow 55% and 100

mJ/cm2 (gpm)

Flow 65% and 80

mJ/cm2 (gpm)

UVLW-6800-10 10 8 95 220

UVLW-6800-14 14 10 46 88

UVLW-8800-14 14 10 71 175

UVLW-16800-20 20 16 219 445

UVLW-20800-20 20 16 305 650

UVLW-22800-24 24 20 270 520

UVLW-30800-24 24 20 580 1050

UVLW-30800-30 30 20 580 1300

UVLW-45800-30 30 20 650 1620


Validated DW Equipment

ECP • Flange Size = 3 in

• Number of Lamps = 1

• Lamp Power = 1.3 kW

• Choke and Thyristor (50 to 100%)

• Absolute or Relative Monitoring


SP • Flange Size = 3 or 4 in

• Number of Lamps = 1

• Lamp Power = 2.5 kW





DW Validated Results

Reactor Flow (40 mJ/cm2)

90% T10

Flow (>3-log reduction) 90%

T10

ECP-113-5 85 gpm 125 gpm

SP-25-4S 154 gpm 458 gpm

SP-25-6 198 gpm 277 gpm


Validated DW Equipment

ECF • Flange Size = 6, 8, 10, and 12 in

• Number of Lamps = 2 or 4

• Lamp Power = 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kW




SX • Flange Size = 8, 10, 16, 20, and 30 in

• Number of Lamps = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 18

• Lamp Power = 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, and 7.3 kW

• CWTs and capacitors (50 to 100%)




DW Validated Results

Reactor Flow (40 mJ/cm2)

90% T10

Flow (>3-log reduction) 90%

T10

ECF-215-6 205 gpm 360 gpm

ECF-220-8 295 gpm 610 gpm

ECF-225-10 355 gpm 675 gpm

ECF-430-12 1.4 MGD 3.2 MGD

SX-225-8 0.95 MGD 1.8 MGD

SX-425-10 2.2 MGD 3.8 MGD*

SX-635-16 4.2 MGD 8.4 MGD*

SX-850-20 11.9 MGD 13.3 MGD*

SX-1873-30 30.4 MGD* 30.4 MGD*

* - hydraulic limit


• SPECTRA

– Microprocessor based

– Membrane and touch

screen options

– Communication

• Ethernet

• Wi-Fi

• MODBUS/Profibus

• Hard Wire

Controls


• Plug the SPECTRA into any

network and start logging

data

• Wireless networking is also

supported

• Spectra sends status update

every 15 mins and on

change of state (start-up,

alarms, etc.)

Remote Data Logging


• Monitor and review units over the internet

• Operators can be given user accounts

• Many units can be added to an account

• Adding units is simple using a serial number and a pin number

Website Access to Logging


• Review current status

• Review recent alarms

• Advice on alarms and possible solutions

Check Status/Support


• Trend data recorded on the website

• Identify usage patterns and predict service requirements

• Monitor lamp usage, number of hours and number of strikes

• Detailed knowledge can lead to enhanced customer service

Trend Data/Monitor Conditions


• Allen Bradley PLC

– CompactLogix

– Panelview Display

Controls


• Containerized systems

– Standard and explosion

proof options

– Separate wet (chambers)

and dry (power/control)

– All pipes, valves,

flowmeters, etc. provided

Equipment


• ATEX Rated

– Explosion proof

– Complete systems

– Chambers or cabinets only

Equipment


Direct Potable Reuse


Direct Potable Reuse

• Nothing new – being used on space station

• More communities are weighing the option

• Must get past the “yuck” factor

• Major difference from indirect – no environmental

barrier in case of treatment concern


Texas

• Currently involved in project in TX

• Secondary effluent pumped from WWTP to new

DW facility

• Multistep treatment at new facility

• Treatment concept reviewed by many peers

• Heavy review scrutiny by State (no pilot testing

required)

• All approved and awaiting bid


Texas

• UV is used in a two step process for crypto

inactivation

– Pass 1 – >1.5 log

– Pass 2 – >4 log

• Designed so that each “UV portion” used the same

reactor for commonality of maintenance and spare

parts


Advantages to Closed Vessel



• Installation

– Smaller footprint

– Lower costs, easier, quicker

– Eliminate the need of precision alignment of poured

concrete walls and floors

– Chambers can be installed in horizontal or vertical pipe

runs providing design flexibility

– Some estimates show 60% installation cost reduction



Vertical installations

leads to a smaller

footprint and no air

entrapment

Six parallel reactors

Treating up to 4

MGD per reactor

30”

15’



• Maintenance – Wiping mechanism is external to water

• The motor is coupled to an internal threaded screw which turns and drives the wiping carriage across the quartz sleeves and UV intensity monitor

• It is critical to keep all optical paths free from fouling to ensure optimum disinfection

– Wiper rings can be replaced without removing wiping carriage from chamber

– Individual lamp and sleeve replacement


Automatic Wiping Mechanism

Wiper Yoke

Low voltage motor leads to safer,

smaller, and less expensive wiper

without impacting performance and

cleaning capabilities .


Automatic Wiping Mechanism

Optical counter used to stop

wiping mechanism before

reaching the chamber ends.

Similar technology used in

elevators to signal floor levels.

No problematic limit switches

are required.


Lamp Replacement

Single ended lamps utilizing a twist lock plug

connection. No tools required, safer as UV light

and electricity are isolated, water tight

connection, and automatically centers the lamp.


Open Channel Maintenance • Crane to remove lamp modules from channel

• Racks to hold lamps/modules while being stored or cleaned

• Tank for acid cleaning of sleeves


Access Hatch

The profile of the hatch was

designed to eliminate flow

disruptions and air pockets.


Dry Monitoring

Allows for replacement of

monitors and reference monitor

checks without having to close

valves and drain the reactor.



• No Open Water Surface – Lost/damaged tools, cell phones, etc.

– Algae growth

– Inhalation risk for operators from aerosols containing pathogenic organisms

– Large open water surfaces which can lead to fly and mosquito issues

– Many open channels become covered after operating for a short period of time or are covered during installation


Covered Open Channel UV



• Reduced UV exposure – Burn exposed skin in seconds

– Arc eye or welding flash are extremely painful and can lead to retina lesions, cataracts, and yellowing of the lens on prolonged exposure

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=yRP5XXTl6RqssM&tbnid=js5ynv1zf2l_SM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.made-in-china.com%2Fshowroom%2Fkonchewater%2Fproduct-detailQSaEPYUJxmVn%2FChina-Advanced-Open-Channel-Wastewater-Treatment-UV-Disinfection-System-KCW-Series-.html&ei=6MbpUc22E5Gx4AOM3YH4BQ&bvm=bv.49478099,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNE5zKfmAI3JbtOJkII3Lx5EDZmpPw&ust=1374361683410420


Why ETS?

• Responsiveness – Limited red tape to get through to make decisions

• Focus – UV and UV only

• Expertise – Years of experience

• Design – Fewest component design

– Features designed to minimize operator attention and exposure


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