Engine OilEngine Oil

Jason DeardenJason DeardenSteven LemosSteven LemosEngineering 45Engineering 45

Santa Rosa Junior College Santa Rosa Junior College Spring 2009 Spring 2009

What Is Engine Grade OilWhat Is Engine Grade Oil

American Petroleum Institute (API)American Petroleum Institute (API)Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

A Brief History of Motor OilA Brief History of Motor Oil

1846 Crude oil refining process discovered1846 Crude oil refining process discovered

Single Grade oilSingle Grade oil

Multi Grade oilMulti Grade oil

Synthetic oil first sold commercially in 1970Synthetic oil first sold commercially in 1970

PropertiesProperties

PhysicalPhysical

Flash PointFlash Point

Pour PointPour Point

ViscosityViscosity

ChemicalChemical

Basic propertiesBasic properties

DetergentsDetergents

ViscosityViscosity

Viscosity is the Viscosity is the measure of a fluids measure of a fluids resistance to flow resistance to flow

How to measure How to measure viscosity viscosity

Units: Units: Dynamic: Pa-s, Dynamic: Pa-s,

Kinematic: Stokes (St)Kinematic: Stokes (St)

Viscosity KinematicDensity

Viscosity Dynamic

Viscosities of common fluids: Viscosities of common fluids: (At 25(At 25°C°C) )

  Viscosity (Pa·s) Viscosity (cPoise)

acetone 3.06 × 10−4 0.306

benzene 6.04 × 10−4 0.604

blood (37 °C) 3–4 × 10−3

3–4

castor oil 0.985 985

corn syrup 1.3806 1380.6

ethanol 1.074 × 10−3 1.074

ethylene glycol 1.61 × 10−2 16.1

glycerol 1.5 1500

HFO-380 2.022 2022

mercury 1.526 × 10−3 1.526

methanol 5.44 × 10−4 0.544

nitrobenzene 1.863 × 10−3 1.863

liquid nitrogen @ 77K 1.58 × 10−4 0.158

propanol 1.945 × 10−3 1.945

olive oil 0.081 81

pitch 2.3 × 108 2.3 × 1011

sulfuric acid 2.42 × 10−2 24.2

water 8.94 × 10−4 0.894

Single Grade oil ViscositySingle Grade oil Viscosity

Multi Grade Oil viscosity index improvers Multi Grade Oil viscosity index improvers (VII)(VII)

CCS=Cold Cranking Simulator=ease of engine cranking while cold

MRV=Mini Rotary Viscometer=Low temperature pumpability

SAE W viscosity grades for engine oils

Grade cranking pumping

0w 3250cP at -30°C 60,000cP at -40°C

5w 3500cP at -25°C 60,000cP at -35°C

10w 3500cP at -20°C 60,000cP at -30°C

15w 3500cP at -15°C 60,000cP at -25°C

20w 4500cP at -10°C 60,000cP at -20°C

25w 6000cP at -5°C 60,000cP at -15°C

SAE viscosity grades for engine oils

Grade low shear high shear

20   5.6 -   9.3 cSt at 100°C 2.6 cP at 150°C

30   9.3 - 12.5 cSt at 100°C 2.9 cP at 150°C

40a 12.5 - 16.3 cSt at 100°C 2.9 cP at 150°C

40b 12.5 - 16.3 cSt at 100°C 3.7 cP at 150°C

50 16.3 - 21.9 cSt at 100°C 3.7 cP at 150°C

60 21.9 - 26.1 cSt at 100°C 3.7 cP at 150°C

a (0w-40, 5w-40, 10w-40 grades) b (15w-40, 20w-40, 25w-40, 40 grades)

Cold Temp

Running Temp

How Do Combustion Engines Work?How Do Combustion Engines Work?

A General Combustion Engines take A General Combustion Engines take the Linear motion of a piston and the Linear motion of a piston and convert it into Rotation. You can convert it into Rotation. You can see the piston moving side to see the piston moving side to side, connected to the piston is side, connected to the piston is the rod, which is then connected the rod, which is then connected to the Crank, which delivers your to the Crank, which delivers your rotation to whatever you need it rotation to whatever you need it for. You get the piston to move for. You get the piston to move by combusting fuel and air by combusting fuel and air creating a high pressure forcing creating a high pressure forcing the piston down on the “power the piston down on the “power stroke”. An engine speed is stroke”. An engine speed is rated in RPM (Revolutions per rated in RPM (Revolutions per Minute). Minute).

Crank Rod Piston Combustion Chamber

Why do engines need oilWhy do engines need oil Lubrication of moving partsLubrication of moving partsEngines move anywhere from 2000RPM-6000RPM in Engines move anywhere from 2000RPM-6000RPM in

Street vehicles and up to 19,000RPM + in Race Street vehicles and up to 19,000RPM + in Race Engine. Parts would not last with metal to metal Engine. Parts would not last with metal to metal contact. You need a barrier between parts to cut down contact. You need a barrier between parts to cut down friction, oil is your barrier. friction, oil is your barrier.

CoolingCoolingOil also acts as a heatsink for the engine, and as stated Oil also acts as a heatsink for the engine, and as stated

above, you need oil to cut down friction, if there was above, you need oil to cut down friction, if there was no oil the heat caused from friction would be enough no oil the heat caused from friction would be enough to destroy any engine.to destroy any engine.

CleaningCleaningOil acts in another way, it removes dust Oil acts in another way, it removes dust

particles that enter the engine, and some particles that enter the engine, and some of the carbon build up in the engine. This is of the carbon build up in the engine. This is one of the reasons it is important to change one of the reasons it is important to change your oil.your oil.

So, what happens to an engine So, what happens to an engine without oil???without oil???

Engine SeizesEngine Seizes Parts wear out very rapidlyParts wear out very rapidly Catastrophic failuresCatastrophic failures Holes in Engine BlocksHoles in Engine Blocks

Questions?Questions?