Engg Graphics-II Mannual

8/12/2019 Engg Graphics-II Mannual

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Engineering Graphics-II Lab Manual

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING- VPCOE

VIDYA PRATISHTHANS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BARAMATI

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY MANUAL

SUBJECT: ENGG. GRAPHICS-II[SUBJECT CODE:102012]

CLASS: FEYEAR: 2011-12

APPROVED BY:

H.o.D. [Mech] PRINCIPALProf. P. R. Chitragar Dr. S. B. Deosarkar

VALIDITY UP TO: ACADEMIC YEAR 2012 2013

PRAPARED BY: PROF. MRUDULA S SHIRKE


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VIDYA PRATISHTHANSCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BARAMATI

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

List of Practicals

FACULTY: PROF.Shirke M .S SUBJECT: Engineering Graphics-II

YEAR:20011-12 CLASS: FE

1.Projection of lines2.Projection of planes3.Projection of solids4.Section of solids5.Development of Lateral Surfaces

Prof. Shirke M S


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SHEET NO:-1

TITLE: - Projection of line

SOFTWARE USED: -Intelli-CAD, AUTO -CAD

TOOLBARS USED: - Draw, Modify, Properties, Dimensioning, Text.

COMMANDS USED: - Line, Circle, Trim, Dimension-Linear, align,

angular, Text- Single line text.

THEORY:

Line: is the shortest distance between two points is called line. It

has length but negligible thickness.

Projection of Line: To draw the front view, top view and side view

ism called Projection of straight line.

Positions of straight lines:The position of straight line in a space

can be fixed if their inclinations with reference planes and distance of its

extremities from the two planes are known. The following are the

important positions which a straight line can take with respect to two

reference planes.

Statement/position of line Front view Top view

1Line parallel to HP & VP

True length and parallel

to XY

True length and parallel

to XY


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2 Line perpendicular to HP &

parallel to VP

True length and

Perpendicular to XYpoint

3 Line perpendicular to HP &

parallel to VPpoint

True length and

Perpendicular to XY

4Line in HP & VP

True length and coincide

on XY

True length and coincide

on XY

5 Line in VP and inclined at to

HP

True length and inclined

at to XY

Shorter than true

length and parallel lies

in XY

6 Line parallel to HP & inclined

at VP

Shorter than true

length and parallel lies

in xy

True length and inclined

at to XY

7 Line inclined to HP & VP Neither true length nor

true inclination

Neither true length nor

true inclination

PROCEDURE:-

1. Draw rectangleof A2 (594 X 420) size sheet by using line command.

2. Draw reference line XY.

3. Draw locus lines which are parallel to Reference line at given distance

by using line command.

4. Draw true length in particular plane with reference specific given data

by using line command.

5. Draw projection lines with faint colors from end points of true length.

6. Draw apparent line in with the help of projections.

7. Give the name to line in both the views by using text command. Use

Text with suffix for F.V and plain text for T.V

8. Show all necessary dimensions by using dimension toolbar.

9. Write the given problem on the sheet by using text command.


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GUIDELINES TO USE COMMANDS: -

1. Line

Toolbar:Draw 2D > Line ( )

Menu: Insert > Line

Keyboard:LINE

Draws straight lines of any length. You can specify the two-dimensional

or three-dimensional coordinates for the start or endpoints by entering

the x,y,z-coordinates of the point.

1. Specify the start point of the line.


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2. Specify the endpoint.

A line consists of two points: a start point and an endpoint. You can

connect a series of lines, but each line segment is considered a separateline entity.

2. Circle

Toolbar:Draw 2D > Circle

Menu:Insert > Circle

Keyboard:CIRCLE

Draws a circle of any size. The default method of drawing a circle is by

center point and radius, but there are other methods you can use.

2Point / 3Point / RadTanTan / Arc / Multiple / : To

draw a circle by specifying the center point and radius or diameter,

specify the center point of the circle. To draw a circle using the two-point

method, choose 2Point. To draw a circle using the three-point method,

choose 3Point. To draw a circle by specifying the radius and two

tangents, choose RadTanTan. To convert an arc to a circle, choose Arc.

To draw multiple circles, choose Multiple and then select the type of

circle you want to draw.

a) To draw a circle by specifying the center point and radius

A. Specify the center point of the circle.

B. Specify a second point indicating the radius of the circle (another

point through which the circumference of the circle passes).


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Specify the center point of the circle.

Diameter : To draw a circle based on the radius, enter the

radius or specify a point. To draw a circle based on the diameter, choose

Diameter and enter the diameter or specify a point.

b) To draw a circle by specifying the center point and diameter

1. Specify the center point of the circle.

2. Specify a second point indicating the diameter of the circle.

Specify the center point of the circle.

Diameter : To draw a circle based on the radius, enter the

radius or specify a point. To draw a circle based on the diameter, choose

Diameter and enter the diameter or specify a point.

3. Dimension

Toolbar:Dimensioning

Keyboard: DIMENSION

Explanation: Dimensions drawing entities in a variety of ways.

Dimensioning command: Choose the dimensioning command you want

from the prompt box, or type a dimensioning command. To exitdimensioning mode and return to the command bar, press the Esc key or

type Exit.

While you are using dimensioning commands, you can also use the

dimension-related commands listed in the following table. You do not

need to type the letters "dim" preceding each command, and you can type


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an abbreviation of the command as shown here. There are various types

of dimensions as listed below. Process is similar to all

Linear/aligned/angular/center point/diameter/radius

Dimension Linear

To create a horizontal or vertical dimension

1. Do one of the following:

Choose Insert > Dimensions > Linear.

On the Dimensioning toolbar.

Type dim linearand then press Enter.

2. Press Enter, and then select the entity to dimension.

Or, you can insert the dimension by specifying the first and secondextension line origins.

3. Specify the dimension line location.

Result

To insert a linear dimension by selecting the entity, select the entity (A)

to dimension, and then specify the dimension line location (B).


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To insert a linear dimension by selecting the extension line origins, select

the first extension origin (A), select the second extension origin (B), and

then specify the dimension line location (C).

4. Trim

Toolbar:Modify > Trim ( )

Menu:Modify > Trim

Keyboard:TRIM

Explanation:

Erases the options of selected entities that cross a specified boundary.

You can trim lines and open two- and three-dimensional polylines, rays,arcs, and circles. Entities that you can use as the cutting entities are

arcs, circles, lines, polylines, rays, infinite lines, and viewports in paper

space.

Edge mode Fence : Select the entity you want to

trim. To trim the entity at its implied edge or to an entity that intersects


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it in three-dimensional space, choose Edge. To trim the entity by

selecting fence points, choose Fence.

To trim the entity by selecting fence points

You can trim multiple entities to a single entity by specifying fence

points.

1. Select the cutting entity.

2. Specify the first fence point.

3. Specify the last fence point.

Choose Fence.

First point of fence: Specify the first fence point. A fence point is thebeginning point along the cutting entity.

Next point of fence: Specify the next fence point. You can continue to

specify fence points until you have trimmed all entities

5. Text

Toolbar:Draw 2D >Text

Menu:Insert >Text

Keyboard:DTEXT

Explanation: Creates text entities. Similar to theText command except

that you can enter multiple lines of text and separate them with a


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paragraph return. Text is drawn dynamically as you enter it in the

command bar.

SeeFont Samples for a list of all the fonts available in IntelliCAD

A. Specify the text height.

B. Specify the rotation angle of the text.

Text: Style Align Fit Center Middle Right Justify : To

start typing left-justified text, specify the start point of the text. To

specify the text style, choose Style. To change the alignment, choose

Align, Fit, Center, Middle, Right, or Justify.

SAMPLE VIVA QUESTION:

1. What is mean by Orthographic Projection?

2. Define line.

3. What Is Mean By Horizontal Trace?

4. What Is Mean By Vertical Trace?

5. How to Draw F.V and T.V if line is inclined to both the Planes.


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SHEET NO:-2

TITLE: - Projection of plane


TOOLBARS USED: - Draw, Modify, Properties, Dimensioning, Text, and

command bar, status bar.

COMMANDS USED: - Line, copy, move, rotate, Trim, Dimension-Linear,

aligned, angular, Text- Single line text.

THEORY:

Plane: A flat surface generated by moving a straight line in space

is called plane.

Type of a plane:

Following are the two types of plane used in engineering drawing:

Perpendicular plane

Oblique plane

1) Perpendicular plane:The planes which are perpendicular to both the reference

plane i.e., HP and VP are called perpendicular plane.

These planes can be located in different manner:

Plane perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP

Plane perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP

Plane perpendicular to both the reference planes VP and HP

Plane perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP

Plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP

2) Oblique plane:


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The plane inclined to both the reference planes.

Sr.No Statement/position of plane Front view Top view

1 Perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP True shape Line parallel to XY

2 Perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP Line parallel to XY True shape

3 Perpendicular to both HP and VP Line perpendicular

to XY

Line perpendicu

to XY

4 Perpendicular to HP and inclined at to

VP

Reduce shape of the

plane

Line inclined at

XY

5 Perpendicular to VP and inclined at to

HP

Line inclined at to

XY

Reduce shape of t

plane

6 Plane inclined to both HP and VP Reduce shape of the

plane

Reduce shape of t

plane

PROCEDURE:-

1. Draw rectangle of A2 (594 X 420) size sheet by using line command.


3. Draw the plane of required edges by polygon command.

5. Draw projection lines with faint colors from end points of the polygon.

6. Draw apparent shape with the help of projections.

7. Give the name to the corner points of the polygon in front view and top

view using text command. Use Text with suffix for F.V and plain text for

T.V


9. Write the given problem on the sheet by using multiline text

command.


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1 .Polygon

Toolbar:Draw 2D > Polygon

Menu:Insert > Polygon

Keyboard:POLYGON

Alias:POL

Explanation:

Draws polygons with a specified number of sides. A polygon is createdfrom a polyline entity. The default width of the polygon is specified with

the system variable, but you can change the width when you draw apolygon.

Polygon: Multiple Width of line : To draw apolygon using the current setting for the number of sides, press Enter, orenter a new value. To draw multiple polygons, choose Multiple. To specifythe width of the lines in the polygon, choose Width.

Specify by: Edge : Select the center of the polygon.

To specify the location of the first edge of the polygon, choose Edge.

To draw a polygon by specifying the center

1. Select the center of thepolygon.

2. Select the lengthbetween the center anda vertex point.

Result.

Choose Center.


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Specify by: Side : To draw a polygon by specifyingthe length between the center point and a vertex, select the vertex point.

Selecting a vertex point also defines the rotation of the polygon. To drawa polygon by specifying the length between the center point and the side,choose Side.

To draw a polygon by specifying the length of the edge

1. Select the first pointof an edge on the

polygon.2. Select the endpoint

of an edge on thepolygon.

Result.

Choose Edge.

First endpoint of edge: Select the first point of the edge.

Second endpoint of edge: Select the endpoint of the edge.

To draw multiple polygons

Choose Multiple.

Polygon: Width of line : To draw a polygon using

the current setting for the number of sides, press Enter, or enter a newvalue. To specify the width of lines in the polygon, choose Width.

Specify by: Edge : To draw a polygon by specifyingthe length between the center point and a vertex, select the vertex point.

To draw a polygon by specifying the length between two vertices, chooseEdge.


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Specify by: Side : To draw a polygon by specifyingthe length between the center point and a vertex, select the vertex point.

Selecting a vertex point also defines the rotation of the polygon. To drawa polygon by specifying the length between the center point and the side,choose Side.

Center of polygon: Select the center point of the next polygon. Continueto draw identical polygons by selecting the center point for each polygon.To end the command, press Enter.

To specify the width of lines

Choose Width.

Default polyline width : To accept the current setting for theline width, press Enter, or enter a new value.

Polygon: Multiple Width of line : To draw apolygon using the current setting for the number of sides, press Enter, orenter a new value. To draw multiple polygons, choose Multiple. Tochange the width of the lines in the polygon, choose Width

2.Move

Toolbar:Modify > Move

Menu:Modify > Move

Keyboard:MOVE

Alias:M

Explanation: Moves selected entities to another location in the same

drawing. Select entities to move: Select the entities you want to move,

and then press Enter.

1. Select the entityyou want to move.

Result


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2. Select the base

point anddisplacementpoint.

Vector : Specify the point from which you want to move theentities (the starting point of a vector). The distance and direction tomove the entities is calculated relative to the starting point. To define the

distance and direction for the move with x,y,z values, choose Vector.

Displacement point: Specify the point to which you want to move theentities (the ending point of the vector). To move the entity from theselection point to theBase Point,press Enter.

1 .Copy Entity

Toolbar:Modify > Copy

Menu:Modify > Copy

Keyboard:COPY

Aliases:CO, CP

Explanation: Draws a duplicate of the selected entities. You can drawmultiple copies from a single selection, and you can specify the base anddisplacement points. The entities you select to copy are not moved fromtheir original location. The entities you copy maintain all the attributes(such as line type, color, and layer) of the original entities.


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1. Select the entity you want to

copy.2. Specify the base point.3. Specify the displacement point

for the copy.

Result.

Select entities to copy: Select the entities you want to copy.

Choose Base point. The base point need not be anywhere near the entitybeing copied.

Displacement point: Specify the point of displacement.

3 .Rotate

Toolbar:Modify > Rotate

Menu:Modify > Rotate

Keyboard:ROTATE

Alias:RO

Explanation: Rotates existing entities around a specified point.

1. Select entities to rotate: Select the entity you want to rotate.2. Rotation point: Select the point around which you want the entity

rotated.

3. Base angle : Enter the angle of rotation, thedefault setting. To specify the base angle, choose Base angle.

To specify the base angle

Choose Base angle.

Base angle : Enter the base angle of the entity.


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New angle: Enter the new angle of the entity.

SAMPLE VIVA QUESTION:1. What is mean by Orthographic Projection?

2. Define plane.

3. What Is Mean By Horizontal Trace?

4. What Is Mean By Vertical Trace?

5. How to Draw F.V and T.V if plane is inclined to both the reference

Planes.


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SHEET NO:-3

TITLE: - Projection of solids


TOOLBARS USED:-Draw, Modify, Properties, Dimensioning, Text,


COMMANDS USED: - Line, copy, move, rotate, Trim, Dimension-Linear,

aligned, angular, Text- Single line text.

THEORY:

Solids: An object having three dimensions, i.e, length, breadth

and height is called a solid.

Projections of solid: the top view, front view and side view of a solid is

known as projections of solids.

Type of solids:

Polyhedral

Solids of revolution

1) Polyhedral:The solid which is bounded by plane surfaces is calleda polyhedral.

Tetrahedron

Cube

Prism: The polyhedral having two equal and similar end

bases, parallel to each other and are joined by other faces

which may be rectangle or parallelograms is called a prism.

a) Squareb) Pentagonalc) hexagonal


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Pyramid: the polyhedral having a plane figure for its base

and equal number of isosceles triangular faces meeting at a

point is called as pyramid.

a) Squareb) Pentagonalc) hexagonal

PROCEDURE:-



3. Draw FV or TV of true shape of a solid base as per given data.

4. Draw projection lines from true shape to complete another view.



command.


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1. Array

Toolbar:Modify > Array ( )

Menu:Modify > Array

Keyboard:ARRAY

Alias:AR

Explanation: Creates multiple copies of entities in one of two

symmetrical patterns: rectangular (rows and columns) or polar (circular).

Similar to the3D Arraycommand, except that entities are arrayed in

two-dimensional space. A polar array copies entities in a circumference

around a center point that you specify; the entities can be rotated (all

facing the center point) or not.

Select entities to array: Select the entities you want to array, and thenright-click the mouse or press Enter.

Type of array: Polar : To create a rectangular array, press

Enter. To create a polar array, choose Polar.

To create a linear array along a path, use theDivideorMeasurecommands, with the Block option. To make an irregular array, use theCopycommand with the Multiple option.

To create a rectangular array

Entities are arrayed in a rectangular pattern in the positive direction of

the x- and y-axis. To array entities in the negative direction, enter anegative value for the number of rows and columns. A rectangular array

must have at least two rows or two columns.


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1. Select the entity you want to array.2. Specify the number of rows in the rectangular array.3. Specify the number of columns in the rectangular array.

Choose Rectangular.

Number of rows in the array : Enter the number of rows you want in

the array.

Number of columns : Enter the number of columns you want in the

array.

NOTEYou must have at least two rows orat least two columns. If youspecify 1 as the number for both rows and columns, the program exitsthe Array command.

Vertical distance between rows, or spacing rectangle: Enter the amount

of space you want between each row in the array. Or, pick two points onthe screen that represents the vertical and horizontal distance betweenrows and columns.

Horizontal distance between columns: Enter the amount of space youwant between each column in the array.

NOTEIf either the vertical or horizontal distance is zero, the programdoes not draw entities in that direction, even if you specify the number of

entities to draw. If the vertical and horizontal distances are both zero, theprogram does not draw an array at all.

To create a polar array


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1. Select the entity you want to array.2. Specify the center point of the array. The graphic on the left shows

entities rotated around the array.

Choose Polar.

Center of polar array: Specify the point around which you want the

entities arrayed.

ENTER to specify angle between items : Tospecify the number of items you want to array, enter a number. Tospecify the angle, press Enter.

Angle to array (+ for ccw, - for cw) : To array entities in a full circle(360), the default setting, press Enter. To array entities in a

counterclockwise direction, enter a positive value. To array entities in aclockwise direction, enter a negative value. The polar array begins at 0degrees (default = east). Angle between items: Enter the degree of the

angle between the items arrayed.

Rotate entities around the array? No : To accept Yes, the defaultselection, press Enter. To array entities without rotating them, choose

No.


1. Define projection of solids?.

2. Define prism?

3. Define pyramid?

4. What is the difference between prism and pyramid?


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SHEET NO:-4

TITLE: - Section of solids


TOOLBARS USED:-Draw, Modify, Properties, Dimensioning, Text, and


COMMANDS USED: - Line, copy, move, rotate, Trim, Boundary hatch,

Dimension-Linear, aligned, angular, Text- Single line text.

THEORY:

Section of Solids: the solids which are cut by the section planes

to visualize the internal constructional details of the invisible features are

known as sections of solids.

Terms used in sections of solids:

Section plane or cutting plane: the imaginary plane by which

the object is assumed to be cut is known as section plane.

Sectional view: the projection obtained on a plane of

projection of a cut object.

PROCEDURE:-



3. Draw FV or TV of true shape of a solid base as per given data.

4. Draw projection lines from true shape to complete another view.

5. Draw the section plane (line) parallel to HP as per given data.

6. Draw projection line from the intersection point of the section line and

object edges.


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7. Draw projection line up to the true shape view.

8. Join the intersection point of projection line and the edges of the true

shape view.

9. Mark the intersection points using text command.



command.


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SAMPLE PROBLEMS:


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1. Boundary Hatch

Toolbar:Insert > Hatch

Menu:Draw 2D > Boundary Hatch

Keyboard:BHATCH

Explanation: Allows you to apply cross-hatching and pattern-filling to

closed entities within specified boundaries. You can make the boundary

hatch associative or non-associative, by choosing whether the hatch

pattern will change when its boundary is changed. Associative hatches

created in AutoCAD display in IntelliCAD and can be edited.



2. Define section of solids?.

3. Define section plane?

4. What is section plane?


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SHEET NO:-5

TITLE: - Development of lateral surfaces


TOOLBARS USED:- Draw, Modify, Properties, Dimensioning, Text, and


COMMANDS USED: - Line, copy, move, rotate, Trim, Boundary hatch,

Dimension-Linear, aligned, angular, Text- Single line text.

THEORY:

Development of surfaces: The complete surface of an object when

laid out on a plane is called the development of the surface or pattern of

the object.

Engineering applications of DLS:

The engineering applications of development is

generally employed in sheet metal works, in the construction of boilers,

pattern making, stone cutting, tunnels, buckets, chimney, prisms,

cylinder, pyramids, cones, spheres, etc.

PROCEDURE:-



3. Draw FV and TV of a solid as per given data.

5. Draw the section plane (line) parallel to XY as per given data.

6. Draw projection line from the intersection point of the section line and

object edge.

7. Draw the development of the solid.


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8. Draw the projection line from the intersection point of the edges and

section line to the corresponding edges of the developed surface.

9. Name to the corner points of the solid in front view and top view and

the developed surface using text command. Use Text with suffix for F.V

and plane text for T.V



command.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS


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1. Parallel

To make a parallel copy by specifying the distance

1. Do one of the following:o Choose Modify > Parallel.

o On the Modify toolbar, click the Parallel tool ( ).o Type paralleland then press Enter.

2. Specify the distance by selecting two points or by entering a distance.

3. Select the entity to copy.4. Specify on which side of the entity to place the parallel copy.5. Select another entity to copy, or press Enter to complete the command.


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To make a parallel copy, specify the distancebetween copies by entering a distance or

selecting two points (Aand B), select the entityto copy (C), and specify on which side to place

the copy (D).

Result.

To make a parallel copy passing through a point

1. Do one of the following:o Choose Modify > Parallel.

o On the Modify toolbar, click the Parallel tool ( ).o Type paralleland then press Enter.

2. In the prompt box, choose Through Point.3. Select the entity to copy.4. Specify the point for the entity to pass through.5. Repeat steps 3 and 4, or press Enter to complete the command.

To make a parallel copy passing through a point, select the entity to copy (A) and then

specify the through point (B).



2. Define Development of lateral surface?

3. Give the engineering application of DLS ?


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REFERENCE:

1) Engineering Drawing by N.D.Bhatt.

2) Engineering Graphics by P.S Gill.3) Textbook on Engineering Drawing by K. L. Narayana & P. Kannaiah

4) A Textbook of Engineering Graphics by Dabhade.M.L

5) Engineering Drawing plan and solid geometry by N.D.Bhatt.

6) Engineering Drawing and Graphics + AutoCAD by Venugopal K.

7) Engineering Graphics by Mali R V

8) Engineering Graphics by Phakatkar H. G

9) Engineering Graphics by Shah M B

10) Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2002 by Bethune J D

11) Engineering Graphics with Introduction to CAD by Phakatkar H. G

12) Engineering Graphics by Kumar A

13) Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing by Luzadder Warren J

14) Engineering Graphics and Drafting by Gill P S

Engg Graphics-II Mannual

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