CHAPTER 1

Websites: Quick Reference

1.1 Organizations and associations

Organization URL

AEA Technology plc www.aeat.co.uk

American Bureau of Shipping www.eagle.org

American Consulting Engineers Council www.acec.org

American Institute of Engineers www.members-aie.org

American Institute of Steel www.aisc.org

Construction Inc.

American Iron and Steel Institute www.steel.org

American National Standards Institute www.ansi.org

American Nuclear Society www.ans.org

American Petroleum Institute www.api.org

American Society for Non-Destructive www.asnt.org

Testing

American Society for Testing of Materials www.ansi.org

American Society of Heating, www.ashrae.org

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Engineers

American Society of Mechanical www.asme.org

Engineers

American Water Works Association Inc. www.awwa.org

American Welding Society www.awweld.org

APAVE Limited www.apave-uk.com

Association of Iron and Steel www.aise.org

Engineers (USA)

Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment2

British Inspecting Engineers www.bie-international.com

British Institute of Non-Destructive www.bindt.org

Testing

British Standards Institution www.bsi.org.uk

British Valve and Actuator www.bvama.org.uk

Manufacturers Association

Det Norske Veritas www.dnv.com

DTI STRD 5: www.dti.gov.uk/strd

Engineering Integrity Society www.demon.co.uk/e-i-s

European Committee for Standardisation www.cenorm.be

www. newapproach.org

Factory Mutual Global (USA) www.fmglobal.com

Fluid Controls Institute Inc. (USA) www.fluidcontrolsinstitute.org

Hartford Steam Boiler (USA) www.hsb.com

Heat Transfer Research Inc. (USA) www.htrinet.com

Her Majesty’s Stationery Office www.hmso.gov.uk/legis.htm

www.hmso.gov.uk/si

www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk

HSB Inspection Quality Limited www.hsbiql.co.uk

HSE (Home page) www.hse.gov.uk/hsehome.htm

International Standards Organization www.iso.ch

Lloyd’s Register www.lrqa.com

Manufacturers Standardization Society www.mss-hq.com

of the Valve and Fittings Industry (USA)

National Association of Corrosion www.nace.org

Engineers (USA)

National Board of Boiler and Pressure www.nationalboard.org

Vessel Inspectors (USA)

National Fire Protection Association www.nfpa.org

(USA)

National Fluid Power Association (USA) www.nfpa.com

National Institute of Standards and www.nist.gov

Technology (USA)

Websites: Quick Reference 3

Pipe Fabrication Institute (USA) www.pfi-institute.org

Plant Safety Limited www.plantsafety.co.uk

Registrar Accreditation Board (USA) www.rabnet.com

Royal Sun Alliance Certification www.royal-and-sunalliance.com/

Services Limited

Safety Assessment Federation www.safed.co.uk

SGS (UK) Limited www.sgs.com

The Aluminum Association Inc. (USA) www.aluminum.org

The Engineering Council www.engc.org.uk

The Institute of Corrosion www.icorr.demon.co.uk

The Institute of Energy www.instenergy.org.uk

The Institute of Materials www.instmat.co.uk

The Institute of Quality Assurance www.iqa.org

The Institution of Mechanical Engineers www.imeche.org.uk

(IMechE) Pressure Systems Group www.imeche.org.uk/

pressure/index.htm

The Institution of Plant Engineers www.iplante.org.uk

The United Kingdom Accreditation www.ukas.com

Service

The Welding and Joining Society www.twi.co.uk/members.

wjsinfo.html

Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers www.tema.org

Association Inc. (USA)

TUV(UK) Limited www.tuv-uk.com

TWI Certification Limited www.twi.co.uk

Zurich Engineering Limited www.zuricheng.co.uk

Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment4

1.2 General technical information

Technical standards www.icrank.com/Specsearch.htm

www.nssn.org

Pressure vessel design www.birdsoft.demon.co.uk/englib/pvessel

www.normas.com/ASME/BPVC/guide.html

www.pretex.com/Glossary.html

www.nationalboard.org/Codes/asme-x.html

Boilers-fire tube www.kewaneeintl.com/scotch/scotivOb.ht

www.hotbot.com/books/vganapathy/firewat.html

Pressure vessel software www.chempute.com/pressure_vessel.htm

www.eperc.jrc.nl

www.mecheng.asme.org/

www.coade.com/pcodec/c.htm

www.codeware.com/

www.ohmtech.no/

Transportable pressure www.hse.gov.uk/spd/spdtpr.htm

receptacles (gas cylinders) www.iso.ch/cate/2302030.html

www.hmso.gov.uk/sr/sr1998/19980438.htm

www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/links/gas.htm

www.healthandsafety.co.uk/E00800.html

www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1998/19982885.htm

Valves www.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/

Companies/Industrial/Valves_and_Control

www.highpressure.com

www.flowbiz.com/valve_manual.htm

www.valvesinternational.co.za/further.htm

Heat exchangers www.britannica.com/seo/h/heat-exchanger/

www.geapcs.com

www.chem.eng.usyd.edu.au/pgrad/bruce/h

www.firstworldwide.com/heatex.htm

www.heat-exchangers.com/heat-exchanger

Simple pressure vessels www.egadvies.nl/ce/scope/DrukvateEN.html

www.dti.gov.uk/strd

Boilers and HRSGs www.normas.com/ASME/BPVC/qx0010.html

www.boiler-s.com/boiler-spages.hotbot.com/

books/vganapathy/boilers.html

www.abb.com/americas/usa/hrsg.htm

www.hrsg.com/gatorpwr.che.ufl.edu/cogen/

equipment/codes/PTC4.4/Default.asp.

Websites: Quick Reference 5

Welding www.welding.com/

www.cybcon.com/Nthelen/1weld.html

www.amweld.org/

www.mech.uwa.edu.au/DANotes/

welds/home.html

Non-destructive testing www.ndt.net/

www.dynatup.com/apps/glossary/C.htm

Failure www.sandia.gov/eqrc/e7rinfo.html

www.netaccess.on.ca/~dbc/cic_hamilton/

krissol.kriss.re.kr/failure/STRUC/MATE

www.clihouston.com/asmfailureanalysis.htm

Corrosion www.cp.umist.ac.uk/

www.icorr.demon.co.uk/about.html

www.cranfield.ac.uk/cils/library/subje

Technical reference books www.icrank.com/books.htm

www.powells.com/psection/MechanicalEng

www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/discipline/mechen

www.engineering-software.com/

www.fullnet.net/dbgnum/pressure.htm

www.engineers4engineers.co.uk/0938-but

ISO 9000 www.isoeasy.org/

www.startfm3.html

Forged flanges www.kotis.net/~porls2/ForgedFL.htm

www.englink.co.za/htmlfiles/nclro2/BS3.1.htm

www.maintenanceresources.com/Bookstore

polyhydron.com/hhpl/SAI.htm

Creep www.men.bris.ac.uk/research/material/

projects/fad.htm/

Air receivers www.manchestertank.com/hor400.htm

Materials www.Matweb.com

www.pump.net/otherdata/pdcarbonalloysteel.htm

General on-line reference www.efunda.com/home.cfm

websites www.flinthills.com/~ramsdale/EngZone/d

www.eevl.ac.uk

Safety valves www.taylorvalve.com/safetyreliefvalves.htm

Control valves www.halliburton.com/deg/dvd/masoneilan/

80000_prod.asp?print=yes

Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment6

1.3 Directives and legislationFor a list of new EC directives and standards on pressure equipment, go to

www.nssn.org and search using keywords ‘pressure vessel standards’ and

‘EC’.

• The entry website for the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is:

www.hse.gov.uk/hsehome.htm

• Statutory Instrument (SI) documents are available from Her Majesty’s

Stationery Office (HMSO) at:

www.hmso.gov.uk/legis.htm

www.hmso.gov.uk/si

www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk

• The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) entry web site is:

www.dti.gov.uk/strd

• Background information on mutual recognition agreements relating to

European directives in general is available on:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/international/indexb1/htm

• Reference to most pressure equipment-related directives (and their

interpretation guidelines) is available on:

www.tukes.fi/english/pressure/directives_and_guidelines/index.htm

• A good general introduction to the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)

is available on:

www.ped.eurodyne.com/directive/directive.html

www.dti.gov.uk/strd/pressure.htm

• Guides on the PED from the UK DTI are available for download on:

www.dti.gov.uk/strd/strdpubs.htm

• The European Commission Pressure Equipment Directive website has

more detailed information on:

europa.eu.int/comm/dg03/directs/dg3d/d2/presves/preseq.htm

or

europa.eu.int/comm/dg03/directs/dg3d/d2/presves/preseq1.htm

• The CEN website provides details of all harmonized standards:

www.newapproach.org/directivelist.asp

• For details of harmonized standards published in the EU official

journal, go to:

www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/

harmstds/reflist.html

Websites: Quick Reference 7

• A listing of European Notified Bodies for the PED is available from:

www.conformance.co.uk/CE_MARKING/ce_notified.html

• All the sections of the text of the UK Pressure Equipment Regulations

are available on:

http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1999/19992001.htm

• The UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulation (PSSRs) are available

from:

www.hmso.gov.uksi/si2000/20000128.htm

1.4 The KKS power plant classification

systemThe KKS (Kraftwerk Kennzeichensystem) is a completely generic designation

system that identifies every system, component, and location within a plant,

using a string of letters and numbers. It is used for power and process plant

across many industry sectors. The KKS designations are commonly used on

equipment/spares inventories, Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (PIDs),

and plant labelling. From the pressure equipment viewpoint, the most

important function is that related to process designation.

The KKS process classification consists of a maximum of four levels: 0,

1, 2, and 3 (see Fig. 1.1). Level 0 identifies the overall plant and

differentiates between units or blocks. Level 1 identifies the plant system,

classifying each area with a three-letter code – the first letter specifying the

function group, and two further letters. Level 2 identifies individual systems

and equipment items within the function groups, with level 3 available for

further sub-designation. Table 1.1 shows a small sample of the thousands of

codes available.

Plant 'blocks'

Units

Plant systems

System parts

Equipment items

Sequence number

Component

Block A Block B

Unit1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4

Vacuum DrainsGland

steamDeaerator

Steam

piping

PipingDesuper-

heaterDrains

Electrical Exchangers Instruments

002 001

Other Vessels Other

Gland Steam Desuperheater

B3MAW15AH001KD 01

M -Main machine

A-Steam turbine

W-Sealing system

15 -Location within

the plant area

A-Mechanical

equipment

H-Heating /cooling

units

B-Block B

3-Unit 3

001 -number code

Level 0

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3K-Mechanical items

D-Vessels

01-number code

Engin

eers

’G

uid

e to

Pre

ssure

Equip

ment

8

Fig. 1.1 Structure of the KKS plant classification system

Table 1.1 Typical KKS codes

Level 1

First Identifies Second Identifies Third Identifies

letter letter letter

C Control equipment MA Steam turbine MAA HP turbine

G Water system MB Gas turbine MAB IP turbine

H Heat generation ME Water turbine MAC LP turbine

L Steam and gas cycles MM Compressor MAG Condenser

M Main machines MV Oil system MAJ Air system

P Cooling water MAL Drains

R Gas generation MAM Leak-off system

MAQ Vents

Level 2

First letter Identifies Second letter Identifies

A Mechanical equipment AA Valves

B Auxiliary equipment AB Isolating elements

C Measuring circuits AC Heat exchangers

D Control circuits AH Heating units

G Electrical equipment AN Compressors

H Machinery sub-assembly AP Pumps

AV Combustion units

BB Tanks

BN Ejectors

BR Piping

Level 3

First letter Identifies Second letter Identifies

K Mechanical items KA Valves

M Mechanical items KC Heat exchangers

KD Vessels/tanks

KN Compressors

KP Pumps

MR Piping

MT Turbines

Websites: Quick Reference 9