Eng. Maher Matta EGYPT - Smart Energy International Matta.pdfEng. Maher Matta EGYPT. Abstract Today...

Eng. Maher Matta

EGYPT

Abstract

Today energy saving has become the most important target in Today energy saving has become the most important target in

electric utilities all over the world especially in developing electric utilities all over the world especially in developing

countries. The losses and the random increase of load in power countries. The losses and the random increase of load in power

distribution networks are the most important reasons for blockindistribution networks are the most important reasons for blocking g

access to this objective in these countries.access to this objective in these countries.

Today also power measurement applications demand that energy Today also power measurement applications demand that energy

meters be both intelligent and powerful to satisfy these meters be both intelligent and powerful to satisfy these

challenges that face the ELECTRIC UTILITES. Accurate energy challenges that face the ELECTRIC UTILITES. Accurate energy

measurement for Commercial, Industrial and Residential measurement for Commercial, Industrial and Residential

applications in different tariffs besides information needed forapplications in different tariffs besides information needed for

improving non technical losses, controlling the random improving non technical losses, controlling the random

indiscriminate increase in the electricity distribution network indiscriminate increase in the electricity distribution network

load, improving customer service and planning for future can load, improving customer service and planning for future can

easily be achieved by using intelligent ELECTRONIC METRES AND easily be achieved by using intelligent ELECTRONIC METRES AND

AUTOMATIC METER READING SYSTEM, AUTOMATIC METER READING SYSTEM, AAdvanced Metering dvanced Metering dvanced Metering dvanced Metering Infrastructure AMIInfrastructure AMIInfrastructure AMIInfrastructure AMI..

Abstract

Abstract

AMI System is a complete energy measurement and AMI System is a complete energy measurement and

communication system, it uses PLC over low and medium voltage communication system, it uses PLC over low and medium voltage

power lines, GSM, GPRS, ETHERNET in transferring data. It power lines, GSM, GPRS, ETHERNET in transferring data. It

integrates Power Quality Monitoring, Event Recording, Load integrates Power Quality Monitoring, Event Recording, Load

Profiling, Cut offs Reporting, measurement of Active, Reactive, Profiling, Cut offs Reporting, measurement of Active, Reactive,

Apparent Power, Losses quantities and complete technical data Apparent Power, Losses quantities and complete technical data

(load, pf, percentage of loading) about transformers, feeders (load, pf, percentage of loading) about transformers, feeders

besides all information about consumption. besides all information about consumption.

This presentation will briefly review types of losses in distribThis presentation will briefly review types of losses in distribution ution

networks and a methodology used in distribution networks to networks and a methodology used in distribution networks to

measure and manage losses especially the non technical one measure and manage losses especially the non technical one

using AMI system Features.using AMI system Features.

Classification Of Losses In Distribution Networks

(Self – Active) Losses

Technical Losses

Non-Technical Losses

Due To Theft, Illegal Connections, Mistakes In Meter Reading And

Consumption Calculation.

Network self

losses

Due To The Flow Of Current Through The

Network Elements

Technical losses

Due To Neutrality from the best Operating Conditions Of The Network – Bad Connections –

Low Efficient Elements.

Non technical

losses

Leads To Major Losses In Developing Countries

CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORK LOSSES

Unpaid Energy = Unpaid Energy =

Unbilled Energy =Unbilled Energy =

Active Losses + Active Losses + Technical losses,Technical losses,

Energy consumed

Energy Consumed - Energy Billed

Energy PaidEnergy Billed -

Non Technical LossesNon Technical Losses

Energy Purchased By Distribution Company -

Always We Calculate Losses,

Can We Measure Losses Using AMI System ?

Central Work

Station

We measure the energy received by this transformer and the energy recorded by customer meters, the difference is the losses in this KIOSK.

We measure the KWH received from transmission grid and the energy recorded by customer meters the difference is total losses (MV + LV) of this network.

LOSSES=M1-(M2+M3+M4)

We measure the energy received by a feeder and the energy recorded by customer meters supplied from , the difference is the losses in this feeder

Feeder meter

Feeder meter

GAMMA AMR SYSTEM – DATA IS TRANSFERRED OVER MV & LV POWER LINES

11 K

V

DIS

TR

IBU

TE

R

AMI

Methodology Of Minimizing Active Losses In Distribu tion Networks

Minimizing The Length Of Power Lines.Minimizing The Length Of Power Lines.

PlacingPlacing Substations Near Center Of Loads Substations Near Center Of Loads

Using High Voltage In Transmitting Energy.Using High Voltage In Transmitting Energy.

Using Conductors Of larger Cross Sections.Using Conductors Of larger Cross Sections.

Using Low Loss Transformers.Using Low Loss Transformers.

Capacitor CompensationCapacitor Compensation

Losses Due To Flow Of current In Network Elements

Methodology Of Minimizing Technical Losses In Distr ibution Networks

Sticking To The Best Operating Conditions Of The Network. Sticking To The Best Operating Conditions Of The Network.

Due To Neutrality from the best Operating Conditions.

Minimizing Network Losses=

Improving Of All Performance Parameters In A Distribution Company (Technical + Commercial)

Minimizing Network LossesMinimizing Network Losses==

Improving Of All Performance Parameters Improving Of All Performance Parameters In A Distribution Company In A Distribution Company

(Technical + Commercial)(Technical + Commercial)

The worldwide ExperienceThe worldwide ExperienceShows That In Utilities With High Network Losses, Shows That In Utilities With High Network Losses,

1 $ Expended For Loss Reduction1 $ Expended For Loss ReductionSaves 10.15 $ To The UtilitySaves 10.15 $ To The Utility

As Non Technical Losses Is The Major Part Of Losses In DistributAs Non Technical Losses Is The Major Part Of Losses In Distribution Networks ion Networks In Developing Countries.In Developing Countries.

We Find That AMI System Is A Must To Minimize Losses As This SyWe Find That AMI System Is A Must To Minimize Losses As This System Has stem Has Powerful Tools Which Act Efficiently On This Type Of Losses.Powerful Tools Which Act Efficiently On This Type Of Losses.

AMI System Cuts Non Technical Losses To Zero Using The FollowingAMI System Cuts Non Technical Losses To Zero Using The FollowingTechniques:Techniques:

Incorrect Energy Measurement

Wrong Meter ReadingDifference In Time Of Meter reading

Wrong ConnectionsMistakes In Meters ConstantLow Accuracy MetersIdle meters

Un-Willingness To Pay, Unpaid Energy.

Mistakes In Meter Reading

Electricity Theft

Sources Of Network Non Technical Losses

Remedy

It is no simple remedy to loss reduction. It is a c ombination of several factors which in the end results in the increase in revenue.

The correct recipe for your organization will come out of our analyses to your problem.

In the fight against losses you must choose the ri ght weapons from AMI arsenal.

Low Accuracy MetersLow Accuracy MetersMistakes In Meters ConstantMistakes In Meters ConstantWrong ConnectionsWrong ConnectionsIdle metersIdle meters

Incorrect Energy MeasurementNon Technical Losses

AMI MetersAMI MetersClass 1 Accuracy.Class 1 Accuracy.

No Meter Constants Are Used, The Software Gives The KWH ConsumptNo Meter Constants Are Used, The Software Gives The KWH Consumption ion

And All Data In The Required Format.And All Data In The Required Format.

No Wrong Connections Can Take Place, A Signal Appears On the MetNo Wrong Connections Can Take Place, A Signal Appears On the Meter er

Screen Also The Meter Sends An Alarm To The Master Station.Screen Also The Meter Sends An Alarm To The Master Station.

Idle Meters The system And The Software Has A Self Diagnostic PrIdle Meters The system And The Software Has A Self Diagnostic Property, operty,

Defines Idle Meters To Be Exchanged. Defines Idle Meters To Be Exchanged.

Non Technical Losses

Wrong Meter ReadingWrong Meter ReadingDifference In Time Of Meter readingDifference In Time Of Meter reading

Mistakes In Meter Reading

The meters are remotely read, no need to meter read ers, The system completely prevents the error in meters reading, ca lculation of consumption, it is done automatically without any h uman intervention.

The system sets the actual amount of consumption fo r each customer in the network in the required format periodically hourly, daily, monthly, annually or immediately upon request.

Un-willingness to pay, Unpaid Energy.

The un-willingness to pay for the electricity can b e caused by a number of differentparameters. Among the strongest arguments are:- Low generation capacity is resulting in a lot of o utages.- The voltage level is too low and destroying househ old equipment and machinery- “My neighbors are not paying so why shall I pay?”- “My Government is not giving me work, so at least they can give me free electricity”.

AMI System Has A Powerful Tool, POWER_LIMIT, Which Defines The Available Power For Each Customer From The Master S tation.

AMI System Can Disconnect / Connect Any Customer Re motely From The Master Station.



Digital Meters Are Tamper And Fraud Proof Design, I t Counts The Right Consumption In 14 Cases Of Fraud And Tampering Cond itions ( Followed )

System Can Define The Place Of Electricity Theft Th rough The Distribution Network ( Followed )

Electricity Theft

Li

Ni

Gamma Meter

No

LoLi

Ni

Load

Tamper trial #1:

The loads are fully earthed by an

outside earth.

The meter calculates correctly full

consumption & indicates tampering

condition on the display

Li

Ni

Gamma Meter

No

LoLi

Ni Load

Tamper trial #2:

The loads are partially earthed by an

outside earth




Digital meters are tamper and fraud proof design,it counts the right consumption in case of tamperin g

Li

Ni

Lo

No

Gamma Meter Load

No

LoLi

Ni

Tamper trial #3:

Input & Output terminals are short-

circuited.



indication condition on the display

Li

Ni

Lo

No

Gamma Meter

No

LoLi

Ni

Load

Tamper trial #4:

Input & Output terminals are bypassed.



indication condition on the display


Li

NiGamma Meter

No

LoLi

NiLoad

Tamper trial #5:

Line & Neutral inputs are reversed

while the loads are fully earthed.


consumption &indicates tampering


Li

NiGamma Meter

No

LoLi

NiLoad

Tamper trial #6:


while the loads are partially earthed.





Li

Ni

Lo

NoGamma Meter Load

No

LoLi

Ni

Tamper trial #7:



consumption

Load

Li

Ni Lo

No

Gamma Meter

No

LoLi

Ni

Tamper trial #8:Input & Output terminals are short-

circuited.

Line & Neutral are reversed.



indication condition on the display.


Li

Ni

Gamma MeterLoad

No

Lo Li

Ni

Tamper trial #9:

Input & Outputs are replaced.


consumption & indicates incorrect

install condition on the display

Li

Ni

Gamma Meter

LoadNo

Lo Li

Ni

Tamper trial #10:


The loads are fully earthed.

The meter calculates correctly full consumption

& indicates incorrect installation & tampering

condition on the display.


Li

Ni

Gamma MeterLoad

No

Lo Li

Ni

Tamper trial #11:


The loads are partially earthed.


consumption & indicates incorrect install

&tampering condition on the display.

Li

Ni

Gamma MeterLoad

No

Lo

Li

Ni

Tamper trial #12


Line & Neutral are reversed


consumption & indicates incorrect install on

display.

Gamma digital meters are tamper and fraud proof des ign,it counts the right consumption in case of tamperin g

Li

Ni

Gamma Meter

LoadNo

Lo

Li

Ni

Tamper trial #13



The loads are fully earthed.


consumption & indicates incorrect install

& tampering condition on the display.

Li

Ni

Gamma Meter

Load

No

Lo

Li

Ni

Tamper trial #14:



The loads are partially earthed.


consumption & indicates incorrect install &

tampering condition on the display.


Features of AMI SystemFeatures of AMI System

Intelligent Energy Management System

AMI is a modern technique used in Electrical Networ ks which enable reading meters remotely, monitoring and cont rol of the electrical network from Data Center.

AMI system based on transferring data through the e xisting Power Lines – without installing any new Wires – to o ptimize the performance of the network, protect building ag ainst firing, measure all parameters of the power and fin ally save money and increase performance.

Improves energy management & conservation.

Reduce losses level of medium-low voltage distribut ion

network to 5 - 6 %.

Improves operational efficiencies.

Cut earth leakage and tampering to zero.

Improves load forecasting & load profiling.

AMI – System …. key Benefits

Remote connect / disconnect

Define places of electricity theft by balance betwe en energy

supplied by transformer & the sum of energy consum ed by

consumers on the same transformer.

Enhances customer service.

Easy to operate system, with full local support.

Increases bottom-line profit ..


Monitoring of all network parameters

Max load KW , KVA, power factor for each customer, feeder and

transformer defining the over loaded element of the m.

Losses in each element of the network.


System structureSystem structure

MetersMeters

Display UnitDisplay Unit

Router / ConcentratorRouter / Concentrator

CouplersCouplers

Lamp Control UnitLamp Control Unit

Data CenterData Center

System Elements

WattWatt --hour Meters equipped with twohour Meters equipped with two -- way communicationway communication

Energy Management

M/S

Central Work

Station

modem

Concentrator

modem

Concentrator

10.5kv 380/220v 380/220v 10.5kv

GGSSMM

AMI System SchemeAMI System Scheme

Power Limit Adjustment

Protection, Safety, Power Quality

Meter includes built-in contactor for optional disconnection in any of the following cases:

�Over Voltage�Under Voltage�Over Current�Earth Leakage�Low power factor�Over heating�Skew Voltage

Single line diagram of the power network in detailsSingle line diagram of the power network in details

Remote connect / disconnect

First feeder losses 9.2%Second feeder losses 6.1%Second feeder losses 9.2%Third feeder losses 5.7%

Energy consumed balanceEnergy consumed balanceEnergy consumed balanceEnergy consumed balanceEnergy consumed balanceEnergy consumed balanceEnergy consumed balanceEnergy consumed balance

Results From AMI System Applied In North Cairo Distribution Company

Egypt

Losses ratio in MV cables and transformers = 2.4 %

Followed Analysis For This Result

Losses Analysis For MV & Transformers Of NCEDC

Load Curve

Load Factor

20/4/20092/5/2009

TR KVA

TR % MAX LOADING

TR. PF

20/4/20092/5/2009FEEDERS DATAFEEDERS DATAFEEDERS DATAFEEDERS DATA

FEEDERS LOSSES DATAFEEDERS LOSSES DATAFEEDERS LOSSES DATAFEEDERS LOSSES DATA

••ByByByByByByByBy

••Zero nonZero non --technical losses (Zero tampering)technical losses (Zero tampering)

••Zero leakageZero leakage

••reduces technical lossesreduces technical losses

AMI SYSTEM SAVES MONEYAMI SYSTEM SAVES MONEY

Money back guaranteeMoney back guarantee

Eng. Maher Matta EGYPT - Smart Energy International Matta.pdfEng. Maher Matta EGYPT. Abstract Today...

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