Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2
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Transcript of Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2
Energy Yield Forecast PV Plant Giurgiu – 28 MWp
TÜV SÜD Czech s.r.o.
TÜV SÜD Czech s.r.o. Modřanská 96a 147 00 Prague 4 Czech Republic
Evidence number of inspection report
05.474.904
Issued by TÜV SÜD Czech s.r.o.
Energy Yield Forecast of
Photovoltaic Power Plant Giurgiu by PVSYST software
Customer: Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH Order of: 2011-11-29 Evaluated plant: PVP Giurgiu Location: Giurgiu, Romania Installed capacity: 28 MWp Year of construction: 2011
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 2 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
Content:
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
1. Location .................................................................................................................................................. 4
2. Input values ........................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1. Climatology data ........................................................................................................................... 5
3.2. Shading .......................................................................................................................................... 5
3.3. Soiling ............................................................................................................................................. 6
3.4. Mismatch loss ................................................................................................................................ 6
3.5. Technology .................................................................................................................................... 6
3.6. Calculation does not consider ..................................................................................................... 7
4. Output Value – Yield forecast ............................................................................................................. 7
5. Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................ 10
6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 10
List of f igures:
Fig. 1 Map of global irradiation (source: Meteonorm).................................................................................... 4
Fig. 2 Map of locality (source: Google Map) ................................................................................................... 4
Fig. 3 Comparison of irradiation, source of different databases ..................................................................... 5
Fig. 4 Loss due to fading by previous rows ...................................................................................................... 6
Fig. 5 Dotted line – fading shape of previous rows ......................................................................................... 6
Fig. 6 Design of shading limit angle 17,7° ........................................................................................................ 7
Fig. 7 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on Meteonorm database) .............................................. 8
Fig. 8 Expected Losses (based on Meteonorm database) ............................................................................... 8
Fig. 9 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on: CM SAF-PVGIS database) .......................................... 9
Fig. 10 Expected Losses (based on CM SAF-PVGIS database) ......................................................................... 9
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 3 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
List of appendixes:
1. PVSYST report
Documents provided:
Electrical design
Situation schema
Datasheet of inverter, transformer, PV modules
Photo documentation
Filled TS input form
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 4 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
Overview
The report deals with yield forecast of projected photovoltaic plant Giurgiu 28 MWp which is
designed as a centralized system (30 inverters – 800 kW AC) with fixed module mounting and
large space between the rows which aims to minimize shading losses.
This report includes PVSYST output as well. It briefly describes the input assumptions and
interprets the result of the calculation. PVSYST output is attached in appendix.
(Calculation is based on data provided by customer, 15.12.2011)
1. Location
Location: Giurgiu, Romania
GPS: Latitude [°] = 43,8, Longitude [°] = 25,9
Altitude: 23 m above sea level
Module area: 197 881 m2
The land is flat with no slope without near obstacles. Far horizon is low and its shading does not
influence considerably the calculation.
Fig. 1 Map of global irradiation (source: Meteonorm) Fig. 2 Map of locality (source: Google Map)
2. Input values
Input values are described at PVSYST report, page 1,2 – (simulation parameters)
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 5 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
3.1. Climatology data The global solar radiation data was generated at Meteonorm database. Meteonorm primarily
contains data from meteorological stations (also satellite data) measured in the period 1981 –
2000. Generated reference data was interpolated from nearest available weather stations:
Bucuresti (74 km), Pleven (116 km), Craiova (166 km). Also other irradiation data source was
checked (NASA, PVGIS). PVGIS is very near to the Meteonorm data with the difference only less
than 1,5%. For covering timeline from 2001 to 2010 the Climate SAF-PVGIS satellite data have
been taken into consideration, see Fig. 3.
Month METEONORM
[kWh/m2] CM SAF-PVGIS
[kWh/m2]
January 43 39 February 64 65
March 106 113
April 142 152 May 180 193
June 191 203 July 197 212 August 174 190 September 127 122
October 89 87
November 48 49
December 36 31
Total 1397 1457
Fig. 3 Comparison of irradiation, source of different databases
3.2. Shading On the north side there is forest vegetation. This obstacle have no significant effect on power
output. Far horizon is low and its shading has minimal influence on the calculation. Therefore the
simulation counts with no close obstacles. But in case of fixed mounted system there is an effect
of self-shading caused by previous row of modules. The loss is estimated at 2,4 % by
considering of sun shading limit angle 17,66°, pitch 7.50 m and titled plane of modules 25°. see
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. Expected albedo is 20%.
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 6 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
Fig. 4 Loss due to shading by previous rows Fig. 5 Dotted line – shading shape of previous rows
3.3. Soiling
There are considered losses due to snow coverage during winter time, air pollution and losses
caused by dust layer. Following table describes concrete values for each month. These losses
were based on expert estimates stemming from the experience of this issue. The value of such
losses may depend on weather conditions changes and frequency of cleaning panels.
3.4. Mismatch loss
The modules are not sorted according to Isc, to avoid large mismatch losses. There are six types
(power and manufacture) of modules in PV Plant distributed to thirty inverters. Because of
positive tolerance of panels, we expect 0% loss of module quality and 0.5% for mismatch losses
per year because of sorting panels (Isc).
3.5. Technology
PV plant consists of 118 800 (28 472 kWp) modules on fixed mounted construction system.
(multi-row system)
Construction : azimuth 0°,slope of modules 25°, PV modules vertically in 2 rows above each. A
sun shading limit angle 17,66°.
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 7 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
Fig. 6 Design of shading limit angle 17,7°
Main components:
PV modules: AUO, EcoDuo PM235P00, 235 Wp, 15 840 pcs
AUO, EcoDuo PM240P00, 240 Wp, 31 680 pcs
AUO, EcoDuo PM245P00, 245 Wp, 11 880 pcs
S-Energy, SM-235-PC8, 235 Wp, 3 722 pcs
S-Energy, SM-240-PC8, 240 Wp, 7 603 pcs
S-Energy, SM-245-PC8, 245 Wp, 2 911 pcs
Inverters: SMA, Sunny Central 800CP, European efficiency 98,4%, 30 pcs
Transformers: SMA 64-05845, 1600 kVA, 15 pcs
Wiring: Expected losses at side DC and AC = up 1,1%.
3.6. Calculation does not consider
Lower production due to broken technology
Grid voltage fluctuation
Degradation of modules efficiency in the next years (average 0,4 – 0,8% per year)
Climate changes – calculation expect average solar radiance described in chapter 3.1
4. Output Value – Yield forecast
For the yield calculation the simulation software PVSYST 5.53-2 was used. The calculation was
done on an hourly basis. PVSYST report describes result on page 4.
Configuration design:
Total peak power: 28 472 kWp
24 modules in series (strings), 4 950 strings, 30 inverters
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 8 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
GlobHor - Global incident in horizontal plane 1 397 kWh/m
2
GlobInc – Global incidentin coll. plane 1 560 kWh/m2
E_Grid – Energy injected into grid 36 657 MWh/year PR – performance ratio 82.5 %
Fig. 7 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on Meteonorm database)
Fig. 8 Expected Losses (based on Meteonorm database)
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 9 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
GlobHor - Global incident in horizontal plane 1 457 kWh/m
2
GlobInc – Global incidentin coll. plane 1 617 kWh/m2
E_Grid – Energy injected into grid 38 124 MWh/year PR – performance ratio 82.8%
Fig. 9 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on: CM SAF-PVGIS database)
Fig. 10 Expected Losses (based on CM SAF-PVGIS database)
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 10 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
5. Disclaimer This yield forecast analysis of the considered power plant was made on the base of available
knowledge on the considered subject and theoretical and practical knowledge of photovoltaic
technologies. The data was processed with maximum professionalism. However, we cannot
accept legal responsibility for errors or discrepancies.
6. Conclusion The result of annual yield of projected PV system Giurgiu 28 MWp for the first year is calculated
as 36 657 MWh/year (PR = 82,5%) based on solar radiation average of years 1981 – 2000
Meteonorm database and 38 124 MWh/year (PR = 82,8%) based on solar radiation average of
years 2001 – 2010 Climate SAF-PVGIS database. Specific production based on Meteonorm
database is 1287 kWh/kWp/year. Specific production based on Climate SAF-PVGIS database is
1339 kWh/kWp/year.
Note: in specific climatic conditions (-4°C, STC) Voc of array can be greater than the inverter
absolute maximum input voltage.
The site is considered in each suitable for PV plant.
Our control calculation is designed to reflect the averages of solar radiation, thus ignoring the
reserve for possible annual fluctuations of solar radiation. For any financial model linked to that
value, we recommend to calculate with a few percent tolerance.
For realization of this project it is recommended to install system for measuring weather exposure
and temperature in order to compare sun radiation and real production. Daily comparison of
these data will lead to the definition of defects and will minimize system losses.
In Prague, Czech Republic, on December 15, 2011
Author: Ing. Jan Vondrovský
Branch manager: Ing. Miloslav Vomočil
Inspection report: 05.474.904 page 11 of 11 F-Q-003-2 (Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH)
Appendix
1. PVSYST report – Meteonorm database
2. PVSYST report – Climate SAF-PVGIS database
Page 1/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters
Project : Giurgiu_METEONORM
Geographical Site Giurgiu Country Romania
Situation Latitude 43.9°N Longitude 25.9°ETime defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+2 Altitude 23 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data : Giurgiu, Meteonorm SYN File
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Simulation date 15/12/11 15h46
Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 25° Azimuth 0°
180Sheds Pitch 7.50 m Collector width 3.36 m
Inactive band Top 0.00 m Bottom 0.00 m
Shading limit angle Gamma 17.68 ° Occupation Ratio 44.8 %
Shadings electrical effect Cell size 15.6cm Strings in width 2
Horizon Average Height 0.9°
Near Shadings No Shadings
PV Arrays Characteristics (6 kinds of array defined )
Array#1 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_235Manufacturer AUO
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 660 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 15840 Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 3722 kWp At operating cond. 3335 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 643 V I mpp
Array#2 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_240Manufacturer AUO
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 1320 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 31680 Unit Nom. Power 240 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 7603 kWp At operating cond. 6787 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 648 V I mpp
Array#3 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_245Manufacturer AUO
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 495 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 11880 Unit Nom. Power 245 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 2911 kWp At operating cond. 2589 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 653 V I mpp
Array#4 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-235PC8Manufacturer S-Energy
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 660 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 15840 Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 3722 kWp At operating cond. 3268 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 632 V I mpp
Page 2/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)
Array#5 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-240PC8Manufacturer S-Energy
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 1320 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 31680 Unit Nom. Power 240 WpArray global power Nominal (STC) 7603 kWp At operating cond. 6696 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 640 V I mpp
Array#6 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-245PC8Manufacturer S-Energy
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 495 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 11880 Unit Nom. Power 245 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 2911 kWp At operating cond. 2562 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 647 V I mpp
Total Arrays global power Nominal (STC) 28472 kWp Total 118800 modules
Module area 197881 m² Cell area 173481 m²
Inverter Model Sunny Central 800CPManufacturer SMA
Operating Voltage 570-820 V Unit Nom. Power 800 kW AC
Array#1: Number of Inverter 4.0 Total Power 3200 kW AC
Array#2: Number of Inverter 8.0 Total Power 6400 kW AC
Array#3: Number of Inverter 3 Total Power 2400 kW AC
Array#4: Number of Inverter 4.0 Total Power 3200 kW AC
Array#5: Number of Inverter 8.0 Total Power 6400 kW AC
Array#6: Number of Inverter 3 Total Power 2400 kW AC
Total Number of Inverter 30 Total Power 24000 kW AC
PV Array loss factorsThermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
=> Nominal Oper. Coll. Temp. (G=800 W/m², Tamb=20°C, Wind=1 m/s.) NOCT 45 °C
Wiring Ohmic Loss Array#1 1.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#2 0.69 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#3 1.8 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#4 1.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#5 0.69 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#6 1.9 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Global Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 %Jan.
4.0%
Feb.
3.0%
Mar.
2.0%
Apr.
1.0%
May
1.0%
June
1.0%
July
1.0%
Aug.
1.0%
Sep.
1.0%
Oct.
1.0%
Nov.
1.0%
Dec.
3.0%
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction 0.0 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 0.5 % at MPP
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1)bo Parameter 0.05
System loss factors
AC wire loss inverter to transfo Inverter voltage 360 Vac tri
Wires 13 m 3x30000 mm²Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC
External transformer Iron loss 8401 W Loss Fraction 0.0 % at STC
Resistive/Inductive losses 0.0 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.1 % at STC
User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)
Page 3/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Horizon definition
Project : Giurgiu_METEONORM
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°
PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp
PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)
Horizon Average Height 0.9° Diffuse Factor 0.99
Albedo Factor 100 % Albedo Fraction 0.95
Height [°]
Azimuth [°]
Height [°]
Azimuth [°]
Height [°]
Azimuth [°]
1.0
-119
0.6
-119
1.0
-115
1.0
-102
1.4
-98
1.4
-94
1.0
-90
0.6
-79
2.2
-55
1.8
-45
3.8
-35
3.8
-21
0.3
-12
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
10
0.0
13
0.0
24
0.0
41
0.0
50
0.0
58
0.0
58
0.0
61
0.0
67
0.0
73
0.0
82
0.0
88
0.0
90
0.0
94
0.0
97
0.0
103
0.3
109
1.8
112
2.2
112
3.0
117
3.0
119
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
Azimuth [°]
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Su
n h
eig
ht
[°]
Suneye horizon line
1: 22 june
2: 22 may - 23 july
3: 20 apr - 23 aug
4: 20 mar - 23 sep
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
7: 22 december
6h
7h
8h
9h
10h
11h
12h13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Behindthe plane
Behindthe plane
Shading limit, angle =17.7°
Shading 20 %
Shading 40 %
Page 4/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Main results
Project : Giurgiu_METEONORM
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°
PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp
PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)
Main simulation resultsSystem Production Produced Energy 36657 MWh/year Specific prod. 1287 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 82.5 %
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
No
rma
lize
d E
ne
rgy [
kW
h/k
Wp
/da
y]
Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 28472 kWp
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.53 kWh/kWp/dayLs : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.09 kWh/kWp/dayLc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.66 kWh/kWp/day
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Ra
tio
PR
Performance Ratio PR
PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.825
New simulation variant
Balances and main results
GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR
kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh % %
January 43.4 -0.40 63.7 58.4 1568 1532 12.44 12.15
February 64.0 2.65 83.6 78.9 2124 2077 12.84 12.55
March 105.7 7.39 127.1 121.0 3182 3105 12.65 12.35
April 141.9 12.31 154.0 145.7 3809 3719 12.50 12.21
May 179.6 18.98 180.2 170.3 4287 4185 12.02 11.74
June 191.4 22.10 186.8 176.6 4372 4263 11.83 11.53
July 197.0 24.67 194.5 184.1 4494 4384 11.68 11.39
August 173.5 24.32 183.9 174.5 4260 4159 11.71 11.43
September 127.1 17.81 148.5 141.2 3585 3499 12.20 11.91
October 88.7 12.88 115.3 109.2 2848 2783 12.49 12.20
November 48.0 6.86 67.3 63.1 1687 1646 12.67 12.37
December 36.2 0.78 55.1 49.4 1333 1302 12.23 11.94
Year 1396.5 12.58 1559.9 1472.5 37552 36657 12.17 11.88
Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation
T Amb Ambient Temperature
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings
EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
E_Grid Energy injected into grid
EffArrR Effic. Eout array / rough area
EffSysR Effic. Eout system / rough area
Page 5/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram
Project : Giurgiu_METEONORM
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°
PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp
PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)
Loss diagram over the whole year
Horizontal global irradiation1397 kWh/m²
+11.7% Global incident in coll. plane
-0.3% Far Shadings / Horizon
-2.5% Near Shadings
-3.0% IAM factor on global
Effective irradiance on collectors1472 kWh/m² * 197881 m² coll.
efficiency at STC = 14.45% PV conversion
Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)42096 MWh
-4.1% PV loss due to irradiance level
-4.5% PV loss due to temperature
-1.5% Array Soiling loss
-0.5% Module array mismatch loss
-0.6% Ohmic wiring loss
Array virtual energy at MPP37567 MWh
-1.7% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)
-0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.0% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
Available Energy at Inverter Output36900 MWh
-0.1% AC ohmic loss
-0.6% External transfo loss
Energy injected into grid36657 MWh
Page 1/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters
Project : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF
Geographical Site Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF Country Romania
Situation Latitude 43.9°N Longitude 25.9°ETime defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+1 Altitude 23 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF from PVGIS, Synthetic Hourly data
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Simulation date 15/12/11 15h39
Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 25° Azimuth 0°
180Sheds Pitch 7.50 m Collector width 3.36 m
Inactive band Top 0.00 m Bottom 0.00 m
Shading limit angle Gamma 17.68 ° Occupation Ratio 44.8 %
Shadings electrical effect Cell size 15.6cm Strings in width 2
Horizon Average Height 0.9°
Near Shadings No Shadings
PV Arrays Characteristics (6 kinds of array defined )
Array#1 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_235Manufacturer AUO
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 660 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 15840 Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 3722 kWp At operating cond. 3335 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 643 V I mpp
Array#2 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_240Manufacturer AUO
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 1320 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 31680 Unit Nom. Power 240 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 7603 kWp At operating cond. 6787 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 648 V I mpp
Array#3 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_245Manufacturer AUO
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 495 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 11880 Unit Nom. Power 245 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 2911 kWp At operating cond. 2589 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 653 V I mpp
Array#4 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-235PC8Manufacturer S-Energy
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 660 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 15840 Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 3722 kWp At operating cond. 3268 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 632 V I mpp
Page 2/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)
Array#5 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-240PC8Manufacturer S-Energy
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 1320 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 31680 Unit Nom. Power 240 WpArray global power Nominal (STC) 7603 kWp At operating cond. 6696 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 640 V I mpp
Array#6 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-245PC8Manufacturer S-Energy
Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 495 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 11880 Unit Nom. Power 245 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 2911 kWp At operating cond. 2562 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 647 V I mpp
Total Arrays global power Nominal (STC) 28472 kWp Total 118800 modules
Module area 197881 m² Cell area 173481 m²
Inverter Model Sunny Central 800CPManufacturer SMA
Operating Voltage 570-820 V Unit Nom. Power 800 kW AC
Array#1: Number of Inverter 4.0 Total Power 3200 kW AC
Array#2: Number of Inverter 8.0 Total Power 6400 kW AC
Array#3: Number of Inverter 3 Total Power 2400 kW AC
Array#4: Number of Inverter 4.0 Total Power 3200 kW AC
Array#5: Number of Inverter 8.0 Total Power 6400 kW AC
Array#6: Number of Inverter 3 Total Power 2400 kW AC
Total Number of Inverter 30 Total Power 24000 kW AC
PV Array loss factorsThermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
=> Nominal Oper. Coll. Temp. (G=800 W/m², Tamb=20°C, Wind=1 m/s.) NOCT 45 °C
Wiring Ohmic Loss Array#1 1.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#2 0.69 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#3 1.8 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#4 1.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#5 0.69 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array#6 1.9 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Global Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 %Jan.
4.0%
Feb.
3.0%
Mar.
2.0%
Apr.
1.0%
May
1.0%
June
1.0%
July
1.0%
Aug.
1.0%
Sep.
1.0%
Oct.
1.0%
Nov.
1.0%
Dec.
3.0%
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction 0.0 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 0.5 % at MPP
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1)bo Parameter 0.05
System loss factors
AC wire loss inverter to transfo Inverter voltage 360 Vac tri
Wires 13 m 3x30000 mm²Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC
External transformer Iron loss 8401 W Loss Fraction 0.0 % at STC
Resistive/Inductive losses 0.0 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.1 % at STC
User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)
Page 3/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Horizon definition
Project : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°
PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp
PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)
Horizon Average Height 0.9° Diffuse Factor 0.99
Albedo Factor 100 % Albedo Fraction 0.95
Height [°]
Azimuth [°]
Height [°]
Azimuth [°]
Height [°]
Azimuth [°]
1.0
-119
0.6
-119
1.0
-115
1.0
-102
1.4
-98
1.4
-94
1.0
-90
0.6
-79
2.2
-55
1.8
-45
3.8
-35
3.8
-21
0.3
-12
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
10
0.0
13
0.0
24
0.0
41
0.0
50
0.0
58
0.0
58
0.0
61
0.0
67
0.0
73
0.0
82
0.0
88
0.0
90
0.0
94
0.0
97
0.0
103
0.3
109
1.8
112
2.2
112
3.0
117
3.0
119
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
Azimuth [°]
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Su
n h
eig
ht
[°]
Suneye horizon line
1: 22 june
2: 22 may - 23 july
3: 20 apr - 23 aug
4: 20 mar - 23 sep
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
7: 22 december
5h
6h
7h
8h
9h
10h
11h12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Behindthe plane
Behindthe plane
Shading limit, angle =17.7°
Shading 20 %
Shading 40 %
Page 4/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Main results
Project : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°
PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp
PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)
Main simulation resultsSystem Production Produced Energy 38124 MWh/year Specific prod. 1339 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 82.8 %
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
No
rma
lize
d E
ne
rgy [
kW
h/k
Wp
/da
y]
Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 28472 kWp
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.67 kWh/kWp/dayLs : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.09 kWh/kWp/dayLc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.67 kWh/kWp/day
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Ra
tio
PR
Performance Ratio PR
PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.828
New simulation variant
Balances and main results
GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR
kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh % %
January 39.1 -0.60 52.7 48.0 1287 1256 12.34 12.04
February 65.0 2.40 86.3 81.7 2189 2137 12.81 12.51
March 112.5 6.60 135.1 128.1 3421 3342 12.80 12.50
April 152.1 12.20 167.3 159.0 4148 4046 12.53 12.22
May 193.1 18.10 196.1 186.5 4712 4594 12.15 11.84
June 203.4 22.00 198.9 188.8 4677 4562 11.88 11.59
July 212.4 24.10 210.4 200.0 4900 4778 11.77 11.47
August 190.3 23.60 203.8 194.3 4774 4658 11.84 11.55
September 121.8 18.10 140.6 133.3 3399 3320 12.21 11.93
October 87.1 12.90 113.9 107.8 2822 2756 12.52 12.23
November 49.2 6.90 69.9 64.5 1724 1684 12.46 12.17
December 31.3 1.00 41.9 38.0 1016 991 12.24 11.94
Year 1457.3 12.33 1617.0 1530.1 39068 38124 12.21 11.91
Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation
T Amb Ambient Temperature
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings
EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
E_Grid Energy injected into grid
EffArrR Effic. Eout array / rough area
EffSysR Effic. Eout system / rough area
Page 5/515/12/11PVSYST V5.53 TUV SUD Czech s.r.o.
Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram
Project : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°
PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp
PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp
PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp
PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)
Loss diagram over the whole year
Horizontal global irradiation1457 kWh/m²
+11.0% Global incident in coll. plane
-0.3% Far Shadings / Horizon
-2.3% Near Shadings
-2.9% IAM factor on global
Effective irradiance on collectors1530 kWh/m² * 197881 m² coll.
efficiency at STC = 14.45% PV conversion
Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)43743 MWh
-3.9% PV loss due to irradiance level
-4.6% PV loss due to temperature
-1.4% Array Soiling loss
-0.5% Module array mismatch loss
-0.6% Ohmic wiring loss
Array virtual energy at MPP39071 MWh
-1.8% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)
-0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.0% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
Available Energy at Inverter Output38382 MWh
-0.1% AC ohmic loss
-0.6% External transfo loss
Energy injected into grid38124 MWh