Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2

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Energy Yield Forecast PV Plant Giurgiu 28 MW p TÜV SÜD Czech

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Energy Yield Forecast PV Plant

Transcript of Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2

Page 1: Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2

Energy Yield Forecast PV Plant Giurgiu – 28 MWp

TÜV SÜD Czech s.r.o.

Page 2: Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2

TÜV SÜD Czech s.r.o. Modřanská 96a 147 00 Prague 4 Czech Republic

Evidence number of inspection report

05.474.904

Issued by TÜV SÜD Czech s.r.o.

Energy Yield Forecast of

Photovoltaic Power Plant Giurgiu by PVSYST software

Customer: Samsung C&T Deutschland GmbH Order of: 2011-11-29 Evaluated plant: PVP Giurgiu Location: Giurgiu, Romania Installed capacity: 28 MWp Year of construction: 2011

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Content:

Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

1. Location .................................................................................................................................................. 4

2. Input values ........................................................................................................................................... 4

3.1. Climatology data ........................................................................................................................... 5

3.2. Shading .......................................................................................................................................... 5

3.3. Soiling ............................................................................................................................................. 6

3.4. Mismatch loss ................................................................................................................................ 6

3.5. Technology .................................................................................................................................... 6

3.6. Calculation does not consider ..................................................................................................... 7

4. Output Value – Yield forecast ............................................................................................................. 7

5. Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................ 10

6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 10

List of f igures:

Fig. 1 Map of global irradiation (source: Meteonorm).................................................................................... 4

Fig. 2 Map of locality (source: Google Map) ................................................................................................... 4

Fig. 3 Comparison of irradiation, source of different databases ..................................................................... 5

Fig. 4 Loss due to fading by previous rows ...................................................................................................... 6

Fig. 5 Dotted line – fading shape of previous rows ......................................................................................... 6

Fig. 6 Design of shading limit angle 17,7° ........................................................................................................ 7

Fig. 7 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on Meteonorm database) .............................................. 8

Fig. 8 Expected Losses (based on Meteonorm database) ............................................................................... 8

Fig. 9 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on: CM SAF-PVGIS database) .......................................... 9

Fig. 10 Expected Losses (based on CM SAF-PVGIS database) ......................................................................... 9

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List of appendixes:

1. PVSYST report

Documents provided:

Electrical design

Situation schema

Datasheet of inverter, transformer, PV modules

Photo documentation

Filled TS input form

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Overview

The report deals with yield forecast of projected photovoltaic plant Giurgiu 28 MWp which is

designed as a centralized system (30 inverters – 800 kW AC) with fixed module mounting and

large space between the rows which aims to minimize shading losses.

This report includes PVSYST output as well. It briefly describes the input assumptions and

interprets the result of the calculation. PVSYST output is attached in appendix.

(Calculation is based on data provided by customer, 15.12.2011)

1. Location

Location: Giurgiu, Romania

GPS: Latitude [°] = 43,8, Longitude [°] = 25,9

Altitude: 23 m above sea level

Module area: 197 881 m2

The land is flat with no slope without near obstacles. Far horizon is low and its shading does not

influence considerably the calculation.

Fig. 1 Map of global irradiation (source: Meteonorm) Fig. 2 Map of locality (source: Google Map)

2. Input values

Input values are described at PVSYST report, page 1,2 – (simulation parameters)

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3.1. Climatology data The global solar radiation data was generated at Meteonorm database. Meteonorm primarily

contains data from meteorological stations (also satellite data) measured in the period 1981 –

2000. Generated reference data was interpolated from nearest available weather stations:

Bucuresti (74 km), Pleven (116 km), Craiova (166 km). Also other irradiation data source was

checked (NASA, PVGIS). PVGIS is very near to the Meteonorm data with the difference only less

than 1,5%. For covering timeline from 2001 to 2010 the Climate SAF-PVGIS satellite data have

been taken into consideration, see Fig. 3.

Month METEONORM

[kWh/m2] CM SAF-PVGIS

[kWh/m2]

January 43 39 February 64 65

March 106 113

April 142 152 May 180 193

June 191 203 July 197 212 August 174 190 September 127 122

October 89 87

November 48 49

December 36 31

Total 1397 1457

Fig. 3 Comparison of irradiation, source of different databases

3.2. Shading On the north side there is forest vegetation. This obstacle have no significant effect on power

output. Far horizon is low and its shading has minimal influence on the calculation. Therefore the

simulation counts with no close obstacles. But in case of fixed mounted system there is an effect

of self-shading caused by previous row of modules. The loss is estimated at 2,4 % by

considering of sun shading limit angle 17,66°, pitch 7.50 m and titled plane of modules 25°. see

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. Expected albedo is 20%.

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Fig. 4 Loss due to shading by previous rows Fig. 5 Dotted line – shading shape of previous rows

3.3. Soiling

There are considered losses due to snow coverage during winter time, air pollution and losses

caused by dust layer. Following table describes concrete values for each month. These losses

were based on expert estimates stemming from the experience of this issue. The value of such

losses may depend on weather conditions changes and frequency of cleaning panels.

3.4. Mismatch loss

The modules are not sorted according to Isc, to avoid large mismatch losses. There are six types

(power and manufacture) of modules in PV Plant distributed to thirty inverters. Because of

positive tolerance of panels, we expect 0% loss of module quality and 0.5% for mismatch losses

per year because of sorting panels (Isc).

3.5. Technology

PV plant consists of 118 800 (28 472 kWp) modules on fixed mounted construction system.

(multi-row system)

Construction : azimuth 0°,slope of modules 25°, PV modules vertically in 2 rows above each. A

sun shading limit angle 17,66°.

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Fig. 6 Design of shading limit angle 17,7°

Main components:

PV modules: AUO, EcoDuo PM235P00, 235 Wp, 15 840 pcs

AUO, EcoDuo PM240P00, 240 Wp, 31 680 pcs

AUO, EcoDuo PM245P00, 245 Wp, 11 880 pcs

S-Energy, SM-235-PC8, 235 Wp, 3 722 pcs

S-Energy, SM-240-PC8, 240 Wp, 7 603 pcs

S-Energy, SM-245-PC8, 245 Wp, 2 911 pcs

Inverters: SMA, Sunny Central 800CP, European efficiency 98,4%, 30 pcs

Transformers: SMA 64-05845, 1600 kVA, 15 pcs

Wiring: Expected losses at side DC and AC = up 1,1%.

3.6. Calculation does not consider

Lower production due to broken technology

Grid voltage fluctuation

Degradation of modules efficiency in the next years (average 0,4 – 0,8% per year)

Climate changes – calculation expect average solar radiance described in chapter 3.1

4. Output Value – Yield forecast

For the yield calculation the simulation software PVSYST 5.53-2 was used. The calculation was

done on an hourly basis. PVSYST report describes result on page 4.

Configuration design:

Total peak power: 28 472 kWp

24 modules in series (strings), 4 950 strings, 30 inverters

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GlobHor - Global incident in horizontal plane 1 397 kWh/m

2

GlobInc – Global incidentin coll. plane 1 560 kWh/m2

E_Grid – Energy injected into grid 36 657 MWh/year PR – performance ratio 82.5 %

Fig. 7 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on Meteonorm database)

Fig. 8 Expected Losses (based on Meteonorm database)

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GlobHor - Global incident in horizontal plane 1 457 kWh/m

2

GlobInc – Global incidentin coll. plane 1 617 kWh/m2

E_Grid – Energy injected into grid 38 124 MWh/year PR – performance ratio 82.8%

Fig. 9 Summary of energy yield calculation (based on: CM SAF-PVGIS database)

Fig. 10 Expected Losses (based on CM SAF-PVGIS database)

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5. Disclaimer This yield forecast analysis of the considered power plant was made on the base of available

knowledge on the considered subject and theoretical and practical knowledge of photovoltaic

technologies. The data was processed with maximum professionalism. However, we cannot

accept legal responsibility for errors or discrepancies.

6. Conclusion The result of annual yield of projected PV system Giurgiu 28 MWp for the first year is calculated

as 36 657 MWh/year (PR = 82,5%) based on solar radiation average of years 1981 – 2000

Meteonorm database and 38 124 MWh/year (PR = 82,8%) based on solar radiation average of

years 2001 – 2010 Climate SAF-PVGIS database. Specific production based on Meteonorm

database is 1287 kWh/kWp/year. Specific production based on Climate SAF-PVGIS database is

1339 kWh/kWp/year.

Note: in specific climatic conditions (-4°C, STC) Voc of array can be greater than the inverter

absolute maximum input voltage.

The site is considered in each suitable for PV plant.

Our control calculation is designed to reflect the averages of solar radiation, thus ignoring the

reserve for possible annual fluctuations of solar radiation. For any financial model linked to that

value, we recommend to calculate with a few percent tolerance.

For realization of this project it is recommended to install system for measuring weather exposure

and temperature in order to compare sun radiation and real production. Daily comparison of

these data will lead to the definition of defects and will minimize system losses.

In Prague, Czech Republic, on December 15, 2011

Author: Ing. Jan Vondrovský

Branch manager: Ing. Miloslav Vomočil

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Appendix

1. PVSYST report – Meteonorm database

2. PVSYST report – Climate SAF-PVGIS database

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Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project : Giurgiu_METEONORM

Geographical Site Giurgiu Country Romania

Situation Latitude 43.9°N Longitude 25.9°ETime defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+2 Altitude 23 m

Albedo 0.20

Meteo data : Giurgiu, Meteonorm SYN File

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Simulation date 15/12/11 15h46

Simulation parameters

Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 25° Azimuth 0°

180Sheds Pitch 7.50 m Collector width 3.36 m

Inactive band Top 0.00 m Bottom 0.00 m

Shading limit angle Gamma 17.68 ° Occupation Ratio 44.8 %

Shadings electrical effect Cell size 15.6cm Strings in width 2

Horizon Average Height 0.9°

Near Shadings No Shadings

PV Arrays Characteristics (6 kinds of array defined )

Array#1 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_235Manufacturer AUO

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 660 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 15840 Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 3722 kWp At operating cond. 3335 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 643 V I mpp

Array#2 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_240Manufacturer AUO

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 1320 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 31680 Unit Nom. Power 240 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 7603 kWp At operating cond. 6787 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 648 V I mpp

Array#3 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_245Manufacturer AUO

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 495 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 11880 Unit Nom. Power 245 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 2911 kWp At operating cond. 2589 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 653 V I mpp

Array#4 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-235PC8Manufacturer S-Energy

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 660 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 15840 Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 3722 kWp At operating cond. 3268 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 632 V I mpp

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Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)

Array#5 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-240PC8Manufacturer S-Energy

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 1320 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 31680 Unit Nom. Power 240 WpArray global power Nominal (STC) 7603 kWp At operating cond. 6696 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 640 V I mpp

Array#6 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-245PC8Manufacturer S-Energy

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 495 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 11880 Unit Nom. Power 245 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 2911 kWp At operating cond. 2562 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 647 V I mpp

Total Arrays global power Nominal (STC) 28472 kWp Total 118800 modules

Module area 197881 m² Cell area 173481 m²

Inverter Model Sunny Central 800CPManufacturer SMA

Operating Voltage 570-820 V Unit Nom. Power 800 kW AC

Array#1: Number of Inverter 4.0 Total Power 3200 kW AC

Array#2: Number of Inverter 8.0 Total Power 6400 kW AC

Array#3: Number of Inverter 3 Total Power 2400 kW AC

Array#4: Number of Inverter 4.0 Total Power 3200 kW AC

Array#5: Number of Inverter 8.0 Total Power 6400 kW AC

Array#6: Number of Inverter 3 Total Power 2400 kW AC

Total Number of Inverter 30 Total Power 24000 kW AC

PV Array loss factorsThermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s

=> Nominal Oper. Coll. Temp. (G=800 W/m², Tamb=20°C, Wind=1 m/s.) NOCT 45 °C

Wiring Ohmic Loss Array#1 1.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#2 0.69 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#3 1.8 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#4 1.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#5 0.69 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#6 1.9 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Global Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 %Jan.

4.0%

Feb.

3.0%

Mar.

2.0%

Apr.

1.0%

May

1.0%

June

1.0%

July

1.0%

Aug.

1.0%

Sep.

1.0%

Oct.

1.0%

Nov.

1.0%

Dec.

3.0%

Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction 0.0 %

Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 0.5 % at MPP

Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1)bo Parameter 0.05

System loss factors

AC wire loss inverter to transfo Inverter voltage 360 Vac tri

Wires 13 m 3x30000 mm²Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC

External transformer Iron loss 8401 W Loss Fraction 0.0 % at STC

Resistive/Inductive losses 0.0 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.1 % at STC

User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

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Grid-Connected System: Horizon definition

Project : Giurgiu_METEONORM

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°

PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°

PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp

PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp

PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac

Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Horizon Average Height 0.9° Diffuse Factor 0.99

Albedo Factor 100 % Albedo Fraction 0.95

Height [°]

Azimuth [°]

Height [°]

Azimuth [°]

Height [°]

Azimuth [°]

1.0

-119

0.6

-119

1.0

-115

1.0

-102

1.4

-98

1.4

-94

1.0

-90

0.6

-79

2.2

-55

1.8

-45

3.8

-35

3.8

-21

0.3

-12

0.0

4

0.0

6

0.0

10

0.0

13

0.0

24

0.0

41

0.0

50

0.0

58

0.0

58

0.0

61

0.0

67

0.0

73

0.0

82

0.0

88

0.0

90

0.0

94

0.0

97

0.0

103

0.3

109

1.8

112

2.2

112

3.0

117

3.0

119

-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120

Azimuth [°]

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

Su

n h

eig

ht

[°]

Suneye horizon line

1: 22 june

2: 22 may - 23 july

3: 20 apr - 23 aug

4: 20 mar - 23 sep

5: 21 feb - 23 oct

6: 19 jan - 22 nov

7: 22 december

6h

7h

8h

9h

10h

11h

12h13h

14h

15h

16h

17h

18h

19h

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Behindthe plane

Behindthe plane

Shading limit, angle =17.7°

Shading 20 %

Shading 40 %

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Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : Giurgiu_METEONORM

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°

PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°

PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp

PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp

PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac

Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation resultsSystem Production Produced Energy 36657 MWh/year Specific prod. 1287 kWh/kWp/year

Performance Ratio PR 82.5 %

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

No

rma

lize

d E

ne

rgy [

kW

h/k

Wp

/da

y]

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 28472 kWp

Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.53 kWh/kWp/dayLs : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.09 kWh/kWp/dayLc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.66 kWh/kWp/day

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Pe

rfo

rma

nce

Ra

tio

PR

Performance Ratio PR

PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.825

New simulation variant

Balances and main results

GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR

kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh % %

January 43.4 -0.40 63.7 58.4 1568 1532 12.44 12.15

February 64.0 2.65 83.6 78.9 2124 2077 12.84 12.55

March 105.7 7.39 127.1 121.0 3182 3105 12.65 12.35

April 141.9 12.31 154.0 145.7 3809 3719 12.50 12.21

May 179.6 18.98 180.2 170.3 4287 4185 12.02 11.74

June 191.4 22.10 186.8 176.6 4372 4263 11.83 11.53

July 197.0 24.67 194.5 184.1 4494 4384 11.68 11.39

August 173.5 24.32 183.9 174.5 4260 4159 11.71 11.43

September 127.1 17.81 148.5 141.2 3585 3499 12.20 11.91

October 88.7 12.88 115.3 109.2 2848 2783 12.49 12.20

November 48.0 6.86 67.3 63.1 1687 1646 12.67 12.37

December 36.2 0.78 55.1 49.4 1333 1302 12.23 11.94

Year 1396.5 12.58 1559.9 1472.5 37552 36657 12.17 11.88

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation

T Amb Ambient Temperature

GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane

GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

EArray Effective energy at the output of the array

E_Grid Energy injected into grid

EffArrR Effic. Eout array / rough area

EffSysR Effic. Eout system / rough area

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Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : Giurgiu_METEONORM

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°

PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°

PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp

PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp

PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac

Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

Horizontal global irradiation1397 kWh/m²

+11.7% Global incident in coll. plane

-0.3% Far Shadings / Horizon

-2.5% Near Shadings

-3.0% IAM factor on global

Effective irradiance on collectors1472 kWh/m² * 197881 m² coll.

efficiency at STC = 14.45% PV conversion

Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)42096 MWh

-4.1% PV loss due to irradiance level

-4.5% PV loss due to temperature

-1.5% Array Soiling loss

-0.5% Module array mismatch loss

-0.6% Ohmic wiring loss

Array virtual energy at MPP37567 MWh

-1.7% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power

0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold

0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage

-0.0% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold

Available Energy at Inverter Output36900 MWh

-0.1% AC ohmic loss

-0.6% External transfo loss

Energy injected into grid36657 MWh

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Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF

Geographical Site Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF Country Romania

Situation Latitude 43.9°N Longitude 25.9°ETime defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+1 Altitude 23 m

Albedo 0.20

Meteo data : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF from PVGIS, Synthetic Hourly data

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Simulation date 15/12/11 15h39

Simulation parameters

Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 25° Azimuth 0°

180Sheds Pitch 7.50 m Collector width 3.36 m

Inactive band Top 0.00 m Bottom 0.00 m

Shading limit angle Gamma 17.68 ° Occupation Ratio 44.8 %

Shadings electrical effect Cell size 15.6cm Strings in width 2

Horizon Average Height 0.9°

Near Shadings No Shadings

PV Arrays Characteristics (6 kinds of array defined )

Array#1 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_235Manufacturer AUO

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 660 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 15840 Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 3722 kWp At operating cond. 3335 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 643 V I mpp

Array#2 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_240Manufacturer AUO

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 1320 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 31680 Unit Nom. Power 240 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 7603 kWp At operating cond. 6787 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 648 V I mpp

Array#3 : PV module Si-poly Model PM240P00_245Manufacturer AUO

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 495 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 11880 Unit Nom. Power 245 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 2911 kWp At operating cond. 2589 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 653 V I mpp

Array#4 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-235PC8Manufacturer S-Energy

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 660 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 15840 Unit Nom. Power 235 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 3722 kWp At operating cond. 3268 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 632 V I mpp

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Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)

Array#5 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-240PC8Manufacturer S-Energy

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 1320 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 31680 Unit Nom. Power 240 WpArray global power Nominal (STC) 7603 kWp At operating cond. 6696 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 640 V I mpp

Array#6 : PV module Si-poly Model SM-245PC8Manufacturer S-Energy

Number of PV modules In series 24 modules In parallel 495 strings

Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 11880 Unit Nom. Power 245 Wp

Array global power Nominal (STC) 2911 kWp At operating cond. 2562 kWp (50°C)

Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 647 V I mpp

Total Arrays global power Nominal (STC) 28472 kWp Total 118800 modules

Module area 197881 m² Cell area 173481 m²

Inverter Model Sunny Central 800CPManufacturer SMA

Operating Voltage 570-820 V Unit Nom. Power 800 kW AC

Array#1: Number of Inverter 4.0 Total Power 3200 kW AC

Array#2: Number of Inverter 8.0 Total Power 6400 kW AC

Array#3: Number of Inverter 3 Total Power 2400 kW AC

Array#4: Number of Inverter 4.0 Total Power 3200 kW AC

Array#5: Number of Inverter 8.0 Total Power 6400 kW AC

Array#6: Number of Inverter 3 Total Power 2400 kW AC

Total Number of Inverter 30 Total Power 24000 kW AC

PV Array loss factorsThermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s

=> Nominal Oper. Coll. Temp. (G=800 W/m², Tamb=20°C, Wind=1 m/s.) NOCT 45 °C

Wiring Ohmic Loss Array#1 1.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#2 0.69 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#3 1.8 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#4 1.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#5 0.69 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array#6 1.9 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Global Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 %Jan.

4.0%

Feb.

3.0%

Mar.

2.0%

Apr.

1.0%

May

1.0%

June

1.0%

July

1.0%

Aug.

1.0%

Sep.

1.0%

Oct.

1.0%

Nov.

1.0%

Dec.

3.0%

Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction 0.0 %

Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 0.5 % at MPP

Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1)bo Parameter 0.05

System loss factors

AC wire loss inverter to transfo Inverter voltage 360 Vac tri

Wires 13 m 3x30000 mm²Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC

External transformer Iron loss 8401 W Loss Fraction 0.0 % at STC

Resistive/Inductive losses 0.0 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.1 % at STC

User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

Page 20: Energy Yield Forecast PVP Giurgiu 28MWp v2

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Grid-Connected System: Horizon definition

Project : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°

PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°

PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp

PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp

PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac

Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Horizon Average Height 0.9° Diffuse Factor 0.99

Albedo Factor 100 % Albedo Fraction 0.95

Height [°]

Azimuth [°]

Height [°]

Azimuth [°]

Height [°]

Azimuth [°]

1.0

-119

0.6

-119

1.0

-115

1.0

-102

1.4

-98

1.4

-94

1.0

-90

0.6

-79

2.2

-55

1.8

-45

3.8

-35

3.8

-21

0.3

-12

0.0

4

0.0

6

0.0

10

0.0

13

0.0

24

0.0

41

0.0

50

0.0

58

0.0

58

0.0

61

0.0

67

0.0

73

0.0

82

0.0

88

0.0

90

0.0

94

0.0

97

0.0

103

0.3

109

1.8

112

2.2

112

3.0

117

3.0

119

-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120

Azimuth [°]

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

Su

n h

eig

ht

[°]

Suneye horizon line

1: 22 june

2: 22 may - 23 july

3: 20 apr - 23 aug

4: 20 mar - 23 sep

5: 21 feb - 23 oct

6: 19 jan - 22 nov

7: 22 december

5h

6h

7h

8h

9h

10h

11h12h

13h

14h

15h

16h

17h

18h

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Behindthe plane

Behindthe plane

Shading limit, angle =17.7°

Shading 20 %

Shading 40 %

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Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°

PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°

PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp

PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp

PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac

Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation resultsSystem Production Produced Energy 38124 MWh/year Specific prod. 1339 kWh/kWp/year

Performance Ratio PR 82.8 %

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

No

rma

lize

d E

ne

rgy [

kW

h/k

Wp

/da

y]

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 28472 kWp

Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.67 kWh/kWp/dayLs : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.09 kWh/kWp/dayLc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.67 kWh/kWp/day

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Pe

rfo

rma

nce

Ra

tio

PR

Performance Ratio PR

PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.828

New simulation variant

Balances and main results

GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR

kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh % %

January 39.1 -0.60 52.7 48.0 1287 1256 12.34 12.04

February 65.0 2.40 86.3 81.7 2189 2137 12.81 12.51

March 112.5 6.60 135.1 128.1 3421 3342 12.80 12.50

April 152.1 12.20 167.3 159.0 4148 4046 12.53 12.22

May 193.1 18.10 196.1 186.5 4712 4594 12.15 11.84

June 203.4 22.00 198.9 188.8 4677 4562 11.88 11.59

July 212.4 24.10 210.4 200.0 4900 4778 11.77 11.47

August 190.3 23.60 203.8 194.3 4774 4658 11.84 11.55

September 121.8 18.10 140.6 133.3 3399 3320 12.21 11.93

October 87.1 12.90 113.9 107.8 2822 2756 12.52 12.23

November 49.2 6.90 69.9 64.5 1724 1684 12.46 12.17

December 31.3 1.00 41.9 38.0 1016 991 12.24 11.94

Year 1457.3 12.33 1617.0 1530.1 39068 38124 12.21 11.91

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation

T Amb Ambient Temperature

GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane

GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

EArray Effective energy at the output of the array

E_Grid Energy injected into grid

EffArrR Effic. Eout array / rough area

EffSysR Effic. Eout system / rough area

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Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : Giurgiu_PVGIS_SAF_PVGIS_SAF

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Main system parameters System type Grid-ConnectedHorizon Average Height 0.9°

PV Field Orientation Sheds disposition, tilt 25° azimuth 0°

PV modules Model PM240P00_235 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_240 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model PM240P00_245 Pnom 245 Wp

PV modules Model SM-235PC8 Pnom 235 Wp

PV modules Model SM-240PC8 Pnom 240 Wp

PV modules Model SM-245PC8 Pnom 245 Wp

PV Array Nb. of modules 118800 Pnom total 28472 kWpInverter Model Sunny Central 800CP Pnom 800 kW ac

Inverter pack Nb. of units 30.0 Pnom total 24000 kW acUser's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

Horizontal global irradiation1457 kWh/m²

+11.0% Global incident in coll. plane

-0.3% Far Shadings / Horizon

-2.3% Near Shadings

-2.9% IAM factor on global

Effective irradiance on collectors1530 kWh/m² * 197881 m² coll.

efficiency at STC = 14.45% PV conversion

Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)43743 MWh

-3.9% PV loss due to irradiance level

-4.6% PV loss due to temperature

-1.4% Array Soiling loss

-0.5% Module array mismatch loss

-0.6% Ohmic wiring loss

Array virtual energy at MPP39071 MWh

-1.8% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power

0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold

0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage

-0.0% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold

Available Energy at Inverter Output38382 MWh

-0.1% AC ohmic loss

-0.6% External transfo loss

Energy injected into grid38124 MWh