ENERGY SYSTEMS A2 Physical Education. ‘The Energy Currency’ Sometimes known as a nucleotide....
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Transcript of ENERGY SYSTEMS A2 Physical Education. ‘The Energy Currency’ Sometimes known as a nucleotide....
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ENERGY SYSTEMSENERGY SYSTEMS
A2 Physical Education
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‘The Energy Currency’
• Sometimes known as a nucleotide.
• Chemical compound containing base (adenine) a sugar (ribose) and phosphate groups (bonded to the sugar).
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Storing energy
Energy ‘trickling’ into your body from the digestion of food
ATPPCr
Blood Glucose
Muscle and Liver Glycogen
Fat (lipids)
Protein
2 s
2–10 s
503 g (2012 kcal)
12 304 g (110 700 kcal) ?
Re supply of energy
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ATP – Role
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the ‘energy currency’ of the body – it transfers energy from one molecule to another.
• All energy transfer within the body uses ATP (e.g. storage of glycogen and mechanical work for exercise).
• Without ATP work cannot be carried out – it must be constantly replenished.
• Each cell of the body has about a billion molecules of ATP which are used, re-formed and reused… and so on…
• Energy transfer via ATP is controlled by the enzyme ATPase.
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ATP
• Consists of an adenine molecule, a ribose molecule and three phosphate groups bonded together.
• Energy for forming ATP comes from the catabolism of glucose (known as cellular respiration).
• ADP + P + Energy = ATP
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ATP Splitting – adenosine diphosphate
• ATP + ATPase = ADP and energy
• ADP + P = ATP
• The extra P comes from the Creatine Phosphate (CP) energy system.
• Hydrolysis (splitting) of ATP liberates 7.3 kcal of energy.
Draw on board
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Coupled reactions
• Coupled reactions occur in pairs.
• The breakdown of one compound provides energy for building another compound.
• For example, if glucose is broken down the energy is stored as ATP.
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Redox reactions – at the smallest level
• Transfer of energy occurs via oxidation and reduction reactions (or redox reactions).
• Oxidation is the removal of electrons from a molecule decreasing potential energy.
• Reduction is the opposite: accepting an electron from elsewhere resulting in an increase in potential energy.
• This usually occurs when dehydrogenase enzymes accept electrons from hydrogen:– NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)– FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)
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Exothermic and endothermic reactions
• Exothermic (also known as exergonic)– Produce more energy than they consume (give off energy)
– E.g. break down of complex molecules to smaller ones
– Such as: glycolysis, Krebs and electron transport
• Endothermic (also known as endergonic)– Consume more energy than they produce
– E.g. combining simple molecules to form more complex ones
– Formation of amino acids (peptide bonds) in muscle hypertrophy
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The Energy Systems
• ATP-PCr (immediate)• Lactic acid (short-term)• Aerobic (long-term)
GROUPS:
- What do you know about each of these energy systems?
- What ‘fuels’ are being used?
- Consider duration and intensity of exercise?
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The Energy Systems
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The Energy Systems
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The Energy Systems
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The Energy Systems
1. Immediate energy (ATP-PCr system): approx. 6–10 s
2. Short-term energy (Lactic Acid system): approx. 2 min
3. Long-term energy (Aerobic system): more than 2 min
Press me
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The Energy Systems
Immediate:Immediate:ATP-PCrATP-PCr
Short-term:Short-term:Lactic acid Lactic acid (glycolysis)(glycolysis)
Long-term: Long-term: AerobicAerobic
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Exam Question
1. With the use of an example for each, explain the terms exothermic, endothermic and coupled reactions.
(6 marks)