Energy Surety Microgrids™ for Critical Mission … 2010 Peer...Mike Hightower Energy Systems...
Transcript of Energy Surety Microgrids™ for Critical Mission … 2010 Peer...Mike Hightower Energy Systems...
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Mike HightowerEnergy Systems Analysis Department
Sandia National LaboratoriesPhone: 505-844-5499
Email: [email protected]
Energy Surety Microgrids™for Critical Mission Assurance to
Support DOE and DoD Energy Initiatives
Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration
under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
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Use Renewable and Distributed Generation to Support DoD Microgrids and the Smart Grid
• Small combustion and µ-turbines
• Fuel cells• IC engines• Small hydro and
wind• Solar electric and
solar thermal• Energy storage
(batteries, flywheels,…)
• Plug in hybrid vehicles
• Small nuclear power
Gen
Bulk supply connection(sub-transmission)
Partial Feeder Micro-grid
Gen
Single Customer Microgrid
Feeder
Other FeedersFull Feeder
Microgrid
Full Substation Microgrid
Distribution Substation
GenGen
Gen
Bulk supply connection(sub-transmission)
Partial Feeder Micro-grid
Gen
Single Customer Microgrid
Feeder
Other FeedersFull Feeder
Microgrid
Full Substation Microgrid
Distribution Substation
GenGen
Residential Less than 10-kW, single-phase
Small Commercial From 10-kW to 50-kW, typically three phase
Commercial Greater than 50-kW up to 10MW
Ref. EPRI
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Microgrid Definition and Benefits
Key Attributes (Defining Characteristics): • Grouping of interconnected loads and distributed
energy resources• Can operate in both island mode or grid-connected• Acts as a single controllable entity to the gridKey Benefits• Enables Grid Modernization (becomes Smart Grid
Node)• Enhances the integration of distributed and
renewable energy sources• Improves local energy flexibility, security, and
reliability • Supports improves Grid operations
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Basis for Sandia Focused DoD Microgrid Efforts for DOE
• DoD often early adopters of innovative technologies
• New DoD guidance and focus on energy security and energy reliability for critical mission assurance
• Concept is to use DoD sites as testbeds for microgrid designs and collect operational cost and performance data
• Apply lessons learned from DoD microgridapplications to Smart Grid Node applications for domestic utility and grid upgrade applications
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2010 QDR Provides Guidance on Domestic Facility Energy Security
• Defines Energy Security– “Energy security for the Department means having assured
access to reliable supplies of energy and the ability to protect and deliver sufficient energy to meet operational needs”
• Directs facilities to:– Address energy security while simultaneously enhancing
mission assurance– Conduct a coordinated energy assessment to prioritize
critical assets– Promote investments in energy efficiency– Ensure that critical assets are prepared for prolonged
outages: natural disasters, accidents, attacks
Energy Assurance = Energy Reliability, Security, Sufficient
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Generator
Transmission
Substation
DistributionLoads
Energy Surety Microgrid™Approachto Energy Assurance
With distributed generation and
storage on distribution side, electric power
can be provided when the grid is
down
X
Storage and generation on load side sized to match electric power performance needs
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Sandia ESM uses Risk-based Assessment Method for Energy System Assurance
CharacterizeFacilities
DefineThreats
Determine Consequences
Identify Safeguards
AnalyzeSystem
Make Changes & Reassess
PA
PE
R
SufficientProtection
?
Y
N
Risk = PA x (1-PE) x C
C
End Until Change
Risk
Match System Protection and Performance for Mission
Assurance Needs
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Energy Infrastructure Security and Protection Concerns and Challenges
Front
Back
No systematic security approach
Major energy assets outside base control
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Common Military Base Electric Power Energy Security and Reliability Issues
• Power outages occurring as many as 300 times per year at some bases– Low maintenance and understanding of back up generation
• Low probability of start when needed (60%)• Operations for extended periods limited,• Often over or under designed and can support only one building
• Radial electric power feeder systems could provide redundancy but are often not interconnected– Poor understanding of base energy grid
• Base substations outside base control– Often a common point of failure for all base feeders
• Lack of critical mission understanding and energy needs– Varying drivers by base commander, tenant commanders,
utility managers
Lack of Coherent Energy Security and Reliability Strategy
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3xx
5xx
NG
3xx
4xx
Example of Common Backup Generator Configurations - Over and Under-designed Uses
UtilityConnect
NG
Downstream Feeder
Downstream Feeder
NG
NG
NG
230 KW
230 KW
400 KW
400 KW
600 KW
3xx
Possible cogen power plant
Proposed DER (PV)
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Current Sandia Military MicrogridConceptual Design Efforts
• Army– Ft Sill, Ft. Bliss, Ft. Belvoir, 99th Air
Guard (Ft. Devens), Ft. Carson
• Navy/Marines– Indian Head, Camp Smith
– PACCOM/NORTHCOM JCTD
• Air Force– Maxwell, Kirtland, Vandenberg,
and Schreiver
• FY 11 project interest
– Philadelphia Navy Yard, Aberdeen, Travis AFB, Cannon AFB, West Point, NAVFAC (Norfolk)
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3xx
5xx
NG
C
T
SS
3xx
4xx
Example Microgrid Design for Energy Assurance
UtilityConnect
NG
Downstream Feeder
Downstream Feeder NG
NG
NG
230 KW
230 KW
400 KW
400 KW
600 KW
B
B
B
C
G ESC
G ES
G ES
3xx
S ES
C
Static switch and controls
to isolate Microgrid
from utility during
outages
Use breakers , transformers and controls to attach
generators to existing feeders
AdditionalDER and energy storage
as needed
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Benefits of Energy Surety Microgrid Design Approach
• Provides tools and approach to:– Identify critical mission energy needs and identify an
effective energy assurance strategy• Upgrades configured to improve system performance, reliability, and
cost-effectiveness while enhancing mission assurance
– Match energy system assets (generation and storage) to meet critical mission energy performance needs
• Supports the location, sizing, and integration of distributed and renewable energy resources to reduce capital and operational costs
– Provides “grid-tied” and “islanded” operations for improved cost
• Enhances benefit/cost of system changes by supporting demand management, changes in time-of-day operations to reduce demand or energy charges, reduced power-outage costs, and energy security and reliability cost/benefit evaluations
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Sandia Microgrid RDDTE
• Microgrid system design and operations research and testing required – Load management and control strategies– Generation resource management for individual
performance and power quality optimization– Control system cyber security – Safety requirements and systems to support grid-tied
and islanded operations• Distributed generation and energy storage
integration evaluation and modeling to identify critical mission energy security requirements
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Sandia is Part of an International Team Demonstrating the Use of Microgrids with Renewables in NM
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Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security JCTD
• Use of Sandia developed Energy Surety Microgrid conceptual designs at Ft. Carson and Camp Smith
• Sandia designated Deputy Technical Manager to OSD Power Surety Task Force
CAMP SMITH ENERGY ISLAND• Entire Installation
Smart Micro-Grid• Islanded Installation
• High Penetration of Renewables
• Demand-Side Management
• Redundant Backup Power
• Makana Pahili Hurricane Exercise
CIRCUIT LEVEL DEMONSTRATION
• Renewables• Storage
• Energy Management
FT CARSON MICRO-GRID• Large Scale Renewables
• Vehicle-to-Grid• Smart Micro-Grid
• Critical Assets • CONUS Homeland
Defense Demo• COOP Exercise
VIRTUAL SECURE ENCLAVE CYBER-SECURITY
TRANSITION• Template for DoD-
wide implementation
• CONOPS• TTPs
• Training Plans• DoD Adds Specs
to GSA Schedule• Transition to
Commercial Sector
• Transition Cyber-Security to
Federal Sector and Utilities