Energy Supply To Road Vehicles - Chalmers · PDF fileEnergy Supply To Road Vehicles Mats...

Energy Supply To Road Vehicles

Mats Alaküla

Volvo Trucks10701 / Mats Alaküla

Senior Specialist Hybrid TechnologyAB Volvo / Global Trucks Technology

Challenges in an long term perspectiveGlobal Population

Oil DiscoveriesOil Discoveries

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 Year

RenewableRenewable

Transportation

Mainly electric

Fossil and Combustion

based transportation

Y1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100Year


Continuous Charging Illustratedl

entio

nal

240 km = 140 liter Diesel (90 liter if Hybrid)

240 km = 0.5 MWh electricity (= 5…10 ton battery)Con

ve

24 charges @ 100 kW for 12 minutes = 0.5 MWh300 400 k b tt d d

In

300…400 kg battery needed

Plug

Continuous charge @ 40 kW for 12 hours<100 kg battery neededde

In

<100 kg battery needed

Slid


Technology


Alternative solutions

Inductive ConductiveTop • Unrealistic ! • Already in use

• Does not work for cars• Visual impression

Side • Can work for all road vehiclesU f f bj t d id

• Can work for all road vehiclesU f f bj t d id• Unsafe for objects on roadside

• Only one lane possible• Unsafe for objects on roadside• Only one lane possible

Bottom • Rugged and Safe !• Cost ?

• Safe and rugged !• Simplest = lowest cost ?

• Efficiency ?• Position requirements ?

• High efficiency• Light pickup = simple

positioning


Electric Roads

PRIMOVE ALSTOMAPS

ANSALDOTramWave

OLEV & Primove

Roads

Alstom APS

TRAM TRAM BUSBUSTRAMAPS

Motor Motor MotorMotorMotor CARDrive Drive DriveDriveDrive

MotorDrive

Power Supply Line


Why we need to include light trafficElectric Energy Requirement,

all road vehicles electric[TWh]

• Sweden as an example:[ ]

30.00

Commercial VehiclesPlug In

• If all road vehicles were electric, 27 TWh el would be enough:

20.00

25.00 Non CommercialVehicles

ug• 10 TWh for Heavy Duty• 17 TWh for Light Duty

10.00

15.00Slide In

• Technology Selection should apply to all road

5.00

10.00

Plug In

traffic !BUSBUS

0.00MotorDrive

MotorDrive

CARMotorDrive


S i t l V lSocietal Value

- Sweden as example


A Slide In World – Battery Size vs Grid Size

• Assume:• All vehicles has a battery capacity for a y p y

certain range• Some roads have ERS equipment

• A trip from A to B will then be all

Cos

t

• A trip from A to B will then be all electric if the battery covers the non-ERS parts of the trip

B

Grid Size

• The total societal cost for such a system is the cost for batteries and the cost for ERS systems

B

• Sparse grid = big batteries• Dense grid = small batteries

AA


ERS Grid Density

• If Sweden and France, as example, as sq are the National andwas square the National and

European Roads would in both countries correspond to a 50 kmgridgrid • This is a high but realistic battery

capacity for both EV Cars and EV Trucks/BusesTrucks/Buses

• This corresponds to 15 000 km roads in SE and 20 000 km in France


A Slide In World – Example of opportunity• With realistic expectations on …

• Fossil fuel (2x), Electric energy (1.5x), Battery Cost (0.5x) & Lifetime (2x) development by 2030 …

C C t f F il D i El t i d i f 2030• Compare Costs for Fossil Drive vs. Electric drive, for 2030:Unit Cars L Trucks H Trucks

Fossil Fuel [Euro/10km] 1,0909091 3,55 6,82Electric Energy, Battery etc [Euro/10km] 0,30 0,61 1,84gy, y [ ] , , ,

# Vehicles [-] 4 427 032 430 887 79 312Annual Driving Distance [x10 km] 1 550 1 716 5 117A l C t D lt [C ti l EV] [Billi E ] 5 4 2 2 2 0

SWEDEN

Annual Cost Delta [Conventional-EV] [Billion Euro] 5,4 2,2 2,0Accumulated Cost Delta 10 years [Billion Euro] 54,4 21,7 20,2Length National & European Road/Highway [km]Accumulated Cost Delta 10 years / km [Million Euro/km] 3,5 1,4 1,3 6,3

15 329

# Vehicles [-] 31 394 000 3 055 606 562 436Annual Cost Delta [Conventional-EV] [Billion Euro] 38,6 15,4 14,3Accumulated Cost Delta 10 years [Billion Euro] 385,7 153,9 143,4L th N ti l & E R d/Hi h [k ] 20 807

France

Length National & European Road/Highway [km]Accumulated Cost Delta 10 years / km [Million Euro/km] 18,5 7,4 6,9 32,8

20 807


C t ti tCost estimate

- i 710 as (extreme) example


Used model

Traffic intensity 15 000 cars/h, 1 500 kg 1 000 trucks/h, 25 000 kg 1 000 trucks/h, 50 000 kg, g 60/40 ratio North /South

Lanes, 2 * 7 lanes9 km road 9 km road

25 meter road sections, feed-in points every 50 m

Voltage to road, 400 V three phase Slope 3 km -1%, 2 km 0%, 500 m 6%,500 m -

6%, 2 km 0.25%, 1km 2.5 %


A 9 km section as example

9 km9

One transformer every 150 meters


Costs Estimate SUMMARY Electrical system from incoming 230 kV to low voltage connection points:

In total 15 MEUR for 18 km ≈ 800'000 EUR/km From low voltage connection points to each lane and section

The cost of these cables becomes 70’000 EUR/km

Altogether < 1 MEuro/km And this 7-lane road is an extreme example.

M t d h ld t f ti f thi l l Most roads should en up at a fraction of this level.

Add the ERS equipment, and the total is still < 2 MEuro/kmq p ,

Compare to previous Societal Value Estimatesi th 6 30 ME /k !in the range > 6...30 MEuro/km!


Plenty of room for the Stakeholders !• OEM – Cars and Commercial Vehicles

• Road Utility Companies

• Electric Power Generation Companies• Electric Power Generation Companies

• ERS System Manufacturers

• Vehicle Customer ERS

• Others …


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